ÿWPCB d…Œ(† ¸§ë0ÓM´ !=[û K-"\¹wkGÌ(|<Ñ7%Ü%À…µgæ{7'Þ³µÌ•)uÙÆyІVüѰãoçÛ”˜„evSÖÖÀsÚuš°#ºáÓ‰°&âÉ©ÇËò˜Ä×&—hçĸí¾Ñ86‡Òdf„§H/‰pK<®’“Æ‹l±¸ˆ-­­U]Ëó#ó3÷=}¿ÉîWfèˆVýÉû»U qáH›{šj¡(RWãoV¸üLùu úšöàgëW¯žÉ5/ Ðu=0b‚v¤þœ¬í «æ 7ð£Û#û´™ÌÙšùN$)C:"Ι½D+g³yñܦ2B¸éŽ"¹æîŠ€Žä‹0›«¶nNoo—£…™‘ÀËo ‹t B#Ó[IZPÒ4 }uAeNšN(˜kñ¢’J#ÍÕ|Èãµyò”Ê[è&í9õE³RÄ`+ý.›Ä¨mîF{Û(9($úzÒûôbgݵVšI4–J»íµ*|ä¡!Ýõ_îo݇BŒo¯;W«¨^Ûêl¨âI÷ñZ竽‰º†?‰Ö4«hÇäè}…A†åÃU§6€Þd@ó 6¼Fò4<#¨¦ #ˆûòÇáb %\U@b 0ˆ¢UN*x^ ~ wŠ zŽ Ò 4Ú î ý mÿ Æ ÆÜ Æ¢ Æh #Á.NïïïEñññññññññññññññññññññ 0Dóóób777777777777777777777777777777777777 0ë???? B** 0¤G D3ë D- 0KKK AS–Æé 0¤¯ 0DS A«—»(ƒð Z‹(Times New Roman (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular üÝ ƒRõ9$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¨}ò»»ÔÝ  ÝThe€Defendantððs€presentence€report€indicates€that€he€has€no€prior€record€of€either€adult€or€juvenile€criminalÐ ° Ðactivity.bo+â  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptYo†)x#¦3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G2õ9$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¨}ò»»Ô d(|3¿]$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3¿]$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€ »»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼ »»»ÔÑ8€T¹XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îÔ ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼ »îîÔ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€May€8,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XT¹X»¼ ÔÌò òÔ#†¼ »XXT¹#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€LUKE€B.€COLEÔ‡XT¹X»¼ Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„09236€€€€€€W.€Otis€Ô_ÔHiggsÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2000„01530„CCA„R3„CD€€Ô_Ô„Ô_Ô€Filed€August€10,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€Defendant,€Luke€B.€Cole,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€second€degree€murder€in€the€shooting€deathÐ xÈ  Ðof€David€Burson.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€Defendant€as€a€Range€I,€violent€offender€to€twentyÐ d´ Ðyears€incarceration.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ P  Ðruling€admissible€certain€photographs€of€the€victim;€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€certainÐ <Œ Ðrebuttal€evidence€submitted€by€the€State;€and€that€his€sentence€is€excessive.€€Finding€no€reversibleÐ (x Ðerror€in€the€Defendantððs€trial,€we€affirm€his€conviction.€€Finding€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ d Ðsentencing€the€Defendant,€we€modify€his€sentence€to€seventeen€years.Ð P ÐÓáÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed€asÐ Ø( ÐModifiedó óÐ Ä ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ »àXT¹‚#ÔÔ‡XT¹X.¼ ÔDavid€H.€Welles,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó€and€òòL.€T.Ð œì ÐÔ_ÔLaffertyÔ_Ô,€Ô_ÔSr.J.Ô_Ôóó,€joined.Ð ˆØ ÐÌTim€Ô_ÔAlbersÔ_Ô,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Luke€B.€Cole.Ð `° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Laura€E.€Ô_ÔMcMullenÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð 8!ˆ  ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Camille€Ô_ÔMcMullenÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ $"t! ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð #`" ÐÓ·ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼ »XXT¹æ#ÔÔ‡XT¹X»¼ ÔÐ è$8 $ ÐÓ  ÓÔ#†¼ »XXT¹( #ÔÔ€XT¹X»¼ ÔÔ‡XT¹XXXT¹ÔÌà  àOn€the€evening€of€August€23,€1996,€the€nineteen„year„old€Defendant€and€his€girlfriend,Ð À&"& ÐSamantha€Sharpe,€returned€to€the€Defendantððs€home€from€an€outing.€€They€were€sitting€in€the€livingÐ ¬'ü"' Ðroom€when€someone€pulled€into€the€driveway.€€The€Defendant€stood€up;€Ms.€Sharpe€remainedÐ ˜(è#( Ðseated.€€David€Burson€entered€the€house,€yelling€ð ðGet€those€Ô_ÔfððingÔ_Ô€cars€out€of€the€driveway.ðð€€BursonÐ „)Ô$) Ðalso€lived€in€the€home€with€the€Defendantððs€mother,€and€he€had€earlier€told€Ms.€Sharpe€that€he€didÐ p*À%* Ðnot€want€her€parking€in€the€driveway.Ð \+¬&+ Ðâ âÐ H,˜',ý Ðà  àThe€Defendant€told€Burson€to€shut€up,€and€Burson€responded€by€throwing€a€twelve„pack€ofÐ ° Ðâ âbeer€in€Ms.€Sharpeððs€direction,€hitting€her€in€the€head.€€The€Defendant€took€umbrage€and€the€twoÐ œì Ðmen€began€ð ðtusslingðð€in€the€living€room.€€They€fell€to€the€floor€and€knocked€over€some€furniture.€Ð ˆØ ÐThe€struggle€continued€for€a€short€time.€€When€the€two€men€broke€up,€the€Defendant€walked€into€hisÐ tÄ Ðbedroom€and€shut€the€door.€€Ms.€Sharpe€testified€that€she€saw€Burson€ð ðbent€over€picking€somethingÐ `° Ðup.ðð€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àMs.€Sharpe€left€the€house€to€move€her€car.€€While€in€that€process,€she€testified,€she€heard€ð ðaÐ $ t Ðloud€pop.ðð€€The€Defendant€came€out€a€short€time€later,€looking€ð ðshocked€and€scared.ðð€€Ms.€SharpeÐ  ` Ðobserved€blood€spots€on€the€Defendantððs€shirt€and€face.€€The€Defendant€told€Ms.€Sharpe€that€sheÐ ü L  Ðneeded€to€go€and€that€he€had€shot€Burson.€€When€she€asked€the€Defendant€why€he€had€done€so,€Ms.Ð è 8  ÐSharpe€testified,€the€Defendant€responded,€ð ð[Ô_ÔH]eÔ_Ô€pulled€a€knife€on€me.ððÐ Ô$  ÐÔ#†XT¹XXXT¹ª #ÔÌà  àThe€Defendant€called€911€for€assistance.€€When€the€police€arrived,€the€Defendant€cooperatedÐ ¬ü  Ðand€was€taken€into€custody.€€He€also€signed€a€consent€to€search€form,€and€the€police€searched€theÐ ˜è  Ðhouse.€€They€found€the€shotgun€used€to€kill€Burson€in€the€Defendantððs€bedroom€closet,€covered€withÐ „Ô  Ða€jacket.€€They€also€found€several€other€guns€in€the€house,€some€of€which€belonged€to€Burson.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àDr.€OððBrian€Cleary€Smith€performed€the€autopsy€on€Bursonððs€body€and€testified€that€he€hadÐ H˜ Ðbeen€killed€by€a€shotgun€wound€entering€the€mouth.€€Dr.€Smith€testified€that€the€shot€had€been€firedÐ 4„ Ðð ðcertainly€within€.€.€.€eighteen€inches€.€.€.€[but]€most€likely€within€six€inches.ðð€€Two€photographsÐ  p Ðtaken€of€the€victimððs€face€were€admitted€with€Dr.€Smithððs€testimony€which€showed€the€extent€of€theÐ  \ Ðwound.€€Dr.€Smith€also€testified€that€the€victimððs€blood€alcohol€content€was€.17.Ð øH ÐÌà  àThe€police€found€the€victim€sprawled€on€the€living€room€floor€with€a€knife€in€his€left€hand.€Ð Ð  ÐPaulette€Sutton,€a€forensic€serologist€and€bloodstain€pattern€expert,€testified€that,€based€onÐ ¼  Ðphotographs€of€the€crime€scene,€it€was€her€opinion€that€Burson€had€been€upright€when€he€was€shotÐ ¨ø Ðin€the€vicinity€of€the€Defendantððs€bedroom€doorway.€€She€opined€that€the€body€had€been€moved€fromÐ ”ä Ðthe€place€where€it€had€originally€fallen.€€She€further€opined€that€the€knife€had€not€been€in€the€victimððsÐ €Ð Ðhand€when€he€was€shot.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€and€admitted€that€he€had€shot€Burson,€moved€his€body,€and€placedÐ D!” Ðthe€knife€in€Bursonððs€hand.€€He€explained€that,€during€their€ð ðtussle,ðð€Burson€had€placed€his€knee€onÐ 0"€  Ðthe€Defendantððs€chest€and€a€hand€on€his€throat,€and€then€pulled€a€pocket€knife€out€of€his€pocket.€Ð #l! ÐBurson€was€ð ðslicingðð€at€the€Defendant€with€the€knife€while€the€Defendant€ð ðwas€swatting€it€away.ðð€Ð $X" ÐThe€Defendant€hit€Burson€in€the€throat,€making€Burson€drop€the€knife.€€The€Defendant€then€got€outÐ ô$D # Ðfrom€under€Burson€and€got€up€and€went€into€his€bedroom,€shutting€the€door€behind€him.€€TheÐ à%0!$ ÐDefendant€testified€that€he€quickly€loaded€his€shotgun€because€he€was€afraid€Burson€was€going€toÐ Ì&"% Ðcome€after€him.€€When€he€heard€Burson€at€his€bedroom€door,€he€told€Burson€ð ðnot€to€enter€the€roomÐ ¸'#& Ðbecause€[he]€had€a€gun.ðð€€Burson€then€opened€the€door,€the€Defendant€testified,€and€ð ðhad€his€[right]Ð ¤(ô#' Ðhand€up€in€the€air€with€a€knife€in€it.ðð€€The€Defendant€ð ðdefended€[him]selfðð€and€shot€Burson.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àThe€Defendant€testified€that€he€thought€Burson€was€attacking€him€and€that€he€shot€BursonÐ ° Ðâ âbecause€he€ð ðwas€afraid€of€him.ðð€€The€Defendant€explained€that€he€ð ðwas€trying€to€protect€[himself]Ð œì Ðbecause€[Burson]€had€pulled€guns€on€[him]€on€various€occasions.ðð€€The€Defendant€testified€that€heÐ ˆØ Ðmoved€Bursonððs€body€in€an€effort€to€determine€his€condition€because€he€could€not€see€the€woundÐ tÄ Ðwhere€Burson€originally€lay.€€He€explained€that€he€put€the€knife€in€Bursonððs€hand€because€he€wasÐ `° Ðscared€and€did€not€think€anyone€would€otherwise€believe€that€Burson€had€been€attacking€him.€€TheÐ L œ ÐDefendant€testified€that€he€and€Burson€were€approximately€five€feet€apart€when€he€fired€the€shot.Ð 8 ˆ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àÌà  àJanet€Cole,€the€Defendantððs€mother,€testified€that€she€and€Burson€were€engaged€to€beÐ  ` Ðmarried.€€She€and€Burson€had€been€drinking€prior€to€arriving€home€on€the€evening€of€August€23.€Ð ü L  ÐWhen€they€arrived€home,€she€testified,€Burson€went€into€a€rage€because€of€the€cars€in€the€driveway.€Ð è 8  ÐShe€told€him€to€go€in,€go€to€bed,€and€calm€down;€she€then€left,€returning€about€forty„five€minutesÐ Ô$  Ðlater,€after€Burson€had€been€shot.€€Cole€testified€that€Burson€had€a€drinking€problem€and€that€he€hadÐ À  Ðbecome€violent€in€the€past.€€She€testified€that€Burson€kept€his€guns€under€their€bed€in€the€masterÐ ¬ü  Ðbedroom€of€the€house.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àOn€rebuttal€the€State€called€the€court€reporter€to€certify€a€page€of€transcript€from€theÐ pÀ ÐDefendantððs€testimony€on€direct€examination€and€to€testify€concerning€a€portion€of€that€page€ofÐ \¬ Ðtranscript.Ð H˜ ÐÌà@<<ìàADMISSION€OF€PHOTOGRAPHSˆÐ  p Ðà  àDuring€Dr.€Smithððs€testimony€the€State€tendered€two€photographs€of€the€victimððs€face€takenÐ  \ Ðduring€the€autopsy.€€The€photographs€graphically€demonstrated€the€extent€and€nature€of€the€gunshotÐ øH Ðwound€which€killed€the€victim.€€Defense€counsel€objected€to€the€admission€of€these€photographs,Ð ä4 Ðarguing€that€they€were€unnecessary,€that€they€would€inflame€the€jury,€and€that€their€probative€valueÐ Ð  Ðwas€substantially€outweighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.€€The€trial€court€disagreed,€findingÐ ¼  Ðthe€photographs€ð ðsignificant€and€relevant€[in]€that€the€jury€is€able€to€see€the€powder€burns€on€[theÐ ¨ø Ðvictimððs]€face€and€.€.€.€then€in€addition€to€that€the€manner€in€which€the€man€was€killed€in€the€face.€Ð ”ä Ð.€.€.€[I]t€might€even€go€to€the€defendantððs€state€of€mind.ðð€€The€Defendant€now€contends€that€the€trialÐ €Ð Ðcourtððs€ruling€was€harmful€error.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àWe€respectfully€disagree.€€ð ðThe€admissibility€of€relevant€photographs€.€.€.€of€.€.€.€victims€isÐ D!” Ðwithin€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€judge,€and€his€or€her€ruling€on€admissibility€will€not€beÐ 0"€  Ðdisturbed€on€appeal€absent€a€clear€showing€of€an€abuse€of€that€discretion.ðð€€òòState€v.€Carruthersóó,€35Ð #l! ÐS.W.3d€516,€app.€576€(Tenn.€2000).€€ð ðMoreover,€the€modern€trend€is€to€vest€more€discretion€in€theÐ $X" Ðtrial€judgeððs€rulings€on€admissibility.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€app.€577.€€€€€€€€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àThe€two€photographs€at€issue€graphically€illustrated€Dr.€Smithððs€testimony€about€the€mannerÐ Ì&"% Ðof€death€and€the€short€distance€from€which€the€shotgun€was€fired.€€Thus,€the€photographs€wereÐ ¸'#& Ðrelevant€and,€therefore,€generally€admissible.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€401,€402.€€We€acknowledge€thatÐ ¤(ô#' Ðrelevant€evidence€may€be€excluded€ð ðif€its€probative€value€is€substantially€outweighed€by€the€dangerÐ )à$( Ðof€unfair€prejudice,€.€.€.€or€by€considerations€of€.€.€.€needless€presentation€of€cumulative€evidence.ðð€Ð |*Ì%) ÐTenn.€R.€Evid.òòóó€403.€€However,€ð ðsimply€because€evidence€is€prejudicial€does€not€mean€the€evidenceÐ h+¸&* Ðmust€be€excluded€as€a€matter€of€law.ðð€€òòCarruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€at€app.€577.€€It€is€the€trial€courtððsÐ ° Ðresponsibility€to€determine€the€relevance€of€the€photographs€and€to€weigh€the€probative€value€againstÐ œì Ðany€òòundueóó€prejudice.€€òòId.óó€€òòóó€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àWe€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€the€photographs€at€issue€were€relevant€to€proving€how€theÐ `° ÐDefendant€killed€the€victim.€€ð ðPhotographs€showing€the€injuries€of€the€victim€are€properly€admittedÐ L œ Ðif€the€defendant€admits€he€killed€the€victim€but€seeks€to€show€a€non„criminal€homicide€or€that€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðoffense€was€of€a€lesser€degree€than€murder.ðð€€òòState€v.€Banksóó,€564€S.W.2d€947,€949€(Tenn.€1978).€Ð $ t ÐHere,€the€Defendant€claimed€to€have€shot€and€killed€the€victim€in€self„defense.€€He€claimed€to€haveÐ  ` Ðbeen€several€feet€away€from€Burson€when€he€fired€his€shotgun.€€Dr.€Smithððs€testimony,€together€withÐ ü L  Ðthe€photographs,€constituted€proof€that€the€Defendant€shot€the€victim€from€only€a€few€inches€away.€Ð è 8  ÐòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Keenóó,€31€S.W.3d€196,€app.€231€(Tenn.€2000)€(ð ð[P]hotographs€may€be€introduced€inÐ Ô$  Ðorder€to€illustrate€testimony€.€.€.€[and]€a€relevant€photograph€is€not€rendered€inadmissible€merelyÐ À  Ðbecause€it€is€cumulative.ðð)€(citations€omitted).€€Moreover,€we€do€not€think€that€admission€of€theÐ ¬ü  Ðinstant€photographs€unfairly€prejudiced€the€Defendant€or€amounted€to€unduly€cumulative€evidence.€Ð ˜è  ÐThe€photographs,€while€certainly€unpleasant€to€view,€are€not€unduly€gory€or€gruesome:€€they€merelyÐ „Ô  Ðillustrate€what€the€Defendant€did€to€the€victim.€€The€photographs€were€taken€after€the€victim€hadÐ pÀ Ðbeen€moved€to€the€morgue€and€illustrate€only€the€condition€of€the€victimððs€face.€€These€photographsÐ \¬ Ðwere€properly€admitted.€€òòSeeóó€òòKeenóó,€31€S.W.3d€at€app.€231€(finding€the€postmortem€photograph€ofÐ H˜ Ðthe€victim€ð ðrelevant€to€supplement€and€clarify€the€testimony€of€the€medical€examiner€and€the€officerÐ 4„ Ðin€establishing€the€cause€of€deathðð);€òòState€v.€Schaferóó,€973€S.W.2d€269,€274„75€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð  p Ð1997)€(photograph€of€victim€showing€gunshot€wound€properly€admitted€where€used€to€prove€thatÐ  \ Ðthe€gunshot€had€been€fired€at€very€close€range).€The€Defendant€having€failed€to€demonstrate€that€theÐ øH Ðtrial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€admitting€the€photographs,€this€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ð ä4 ÐÌà@ÛÛ"ìàREBUTTAL€EVIDENCEˆÐ ¼  Ðà  àThe€Defendant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€State€to€call€the€courtÐ ¨ø Ðreporter€as€a€rebuttal€witness€in€order€to€testify€about€a€portion€of€the€Defendantððs€testimony€on€directÐ ”ä Ðexamination.€€During€direct€examination,€defense€counsel€asked€the€Defendant,€ð ðSo€what€did€youÐ €Ð Ðdo€then€after€you€loaded€[the€shotgun]?ðð€€The€Defendant€responded,€ð ðI€just€sat€in€my€room.ðð€€€OnÐ l¼ Ðcross„examination,€the€prosecutor€stated€to€the€Defendant,€ð ðAnd€when€you€got€to€your€room€you€satÐ X ¨ Ðon€the€bed,ðð€to€which€the€Defendant€responded,€ð ðNo,€maððam.ðð€€A€few€questions€later,€the€prosecutorÐ D!” Ðagain€stated,€ð ðAnd€you€sat€on€your€bed.ðð€€Again€the€Defendant€replied,€ð ðNo,€I€didnððt€sit€on€my€bed.ðð€Ð 0"€  ÐLater,€the€prosecutor€again€attacked€the€subject€of€what€the€Defendant€did€after€he€entered€hisÐ #l! Ðbedroom:€€ð ðNow,€correct€me€if€Iððm€wrong,€Mr.€Cole.€€On€your€direct€testimony€did€you€just€not€tellÐ $X" Ðthis€jury€that€you€went€back€inside€your€room,€loaded€your€gun,€and€sat€on€the€bed?ðð€€Once€again,Ð ô$D # Ðthe€Defendant€stated,€ð ðI€didnððt€say€I€sat€on€the€bed.ððÐ à%0!$ ÐÌà  àOn€rebuttal€the€State€called€the€court€reporter€and€asked€her€to€read€that€portion€of€theÐ ¸'#& ÐDefendantððs€direct€examination€in€which€he€stated,€ð ðI€just€sat€in€my€room.ðð€€Apparently€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðprosecutor€was€trying€to€point€out€an€inconsistency€in€the€Defendantððs€direct€testimony,€therebyÐ )à$( Ðimpeaching€his€credibility.€€On€cross„examination,€defense€counsel€requested€the€court€reporter€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðread€the€remaining€questions€and€answers€that€were€transcribed€on€that€page,€which€she€did.€€TheseÐ h+¸&* Ðresponses€included€the€Defendantððs€direct€testimony€that€he€told€the€victim€not€to€enter€his€bedroomÐ ° Ðbecause€he€had€a€gun,€that€the€victim€then€opened€the€door,€and€that€the€victim€at€that€time€ð ðhad€hisÐ œì Ðhand€up€in€the€air€with€the€knife€in€it.ððÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àRebuttal€evidence€ð ðis€that€which€tends€to€explain€or€controvert€evidence€produced€by€anÐ `° Ðadverse€party.ðð€€òòCozzolino€v.€Stateóó,€584€S.W.2d€765,€768€(Tenn.€1979).€€It€is€ð ðproperly€admitted€forÐ L œ Ðthe€purpose€of€impeaching€a€witness€through€the€use€of€a€prior€inconsistent€statement.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð 8 ˆ ÐBradenóó,€867€S.W.2d€750,€760€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€admissibility€of€rebuttal€evidence€liesÐ $ t Ðwithin€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court,€and€this€Court€will€not€overturn€a€trial€courtððsÐ  ` Ðadmission€of€rebuttal€proof€unless€it€is€clear€on€the€face€of€the€record€that€an€abuse€of€discretion€hasÐ ü L  Ðoccurred.€€òòId.óó€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àWhere€a€witness€denies€having€made€a€prior€inconsistent€statement,€his€or€her€credibility€mayÐ À  Ðbe€impeached€through€the€admission€of€the€statement.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€15€S.W.3d€880,€891Ð ¬ü  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€Here,€the€State€was€trying€to€do€just€that:€€to€show€that€the€Defendant€hadÐ ˜è  Ðstated€on€direct€examination€that€he€had€sat€on€his€bed€after€having€loaded€his€gun,€which€he€deniedÐ „Ô  Ðstating€on€cross„examination.€€The€Stateððs€effort€failed€because€the€Defendantððs€denial€was€accurate:€Ð pÀ Ðhe€never€testified€that€he€had€sat€ð ðon€his€bed.ðð€€The€Stateððs€ð ðrebuttalðð€evidence€merely€served€toÐ \¬ Ðunderscore€the€Stateððs€own€misunderstanding€of€the€Defendantððs€direct€testimony.€€Therefore,Ð H˜ Ðwhether€or€not€the€so„called€rebuttal€evidence€was,€in€fact,€worthy€of€admission€as€rebuttal€proof,Ð 4„ Ðwe€find€any€error€in€its€admission€to€be€harmless.€€Indeed,€it€gave€defense€counsel€the€opportunityÐ  p Ðto€put€before€the€jury€a€second€time€the€Defendantððs€self„defense€theory.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð  \ ÐÌà@{{%ìàSENTENCINGˆÐ ä4 Ðà  àIn€his€final€issue,€the€Defendant€contends€that€his€sentence€is€excessive.€€He€argues€that€theÐ Ð  Ðtrial€court€misapplied€an€enhancement€factor€and€failed€to€give€sufficient€weight€to€three€applicableÐ ¼  Ðmitigating€factors.€€The€State€disagrees.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àÔ‡XT¹XXXT¹ÔWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€CourtÐ €Ð Ðhas€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinationsÐ l¼ Ðmade€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€isÐ X ¨ Ðð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÐ D!” Ðprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ð 0"€  Ð1991).€€Thus,€in€order€to€allow€meaningful€appellate€review,€Ð #l! Ðà8  àthe€trial€court€ð ðmust€place€on€the€record€its€reasons€for€arriving€at€the€final€sentencingÐ $X" Ðdecision,€identify€the€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors€found,€state€the€specificÐ ô$D # Ðfacts€supporting€each€enhancement€factor€found,€and€articulate€how€the€mitigatingÐ à%0!$ Ðand€enhancement€factors€have€been€evaluated€and€balanced€in€determining€theÐ Ì&"% Ðsentence.ððи'#&Ð Ð  ÐÌòòState€v.€Pooleóó,€945€S.W.2d€93,€96€(Tenn.€1997)€(quoting€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€601€(Tenn.Ð )à$( Ð1994)).Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àWhen€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider:€(a)€the€evidence,Ð ° Ðif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€the€presentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ œì Ðsentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÐ ˆØ Ðcriminal€conduct€involved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÐ tÄ Ðmade€by€the€defendant€regarding€sentencing;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€of€potential€forÐ `° Ðrehabilitation€or€treatment.€€òòSeeóó€òòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210;€Ô#†XT¹XXXT¹öN#ÔÔ‡XT¹XXXT¹ÔòòState€v.€Breweróó,€875Ð L œ ÐS.W.2d€298,€302€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€755€S.W.2d€838,€844€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð 8 ˆ ÐApp.€1988).Ð $ t ÐÌà  àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€that€theÐ ü L  Ðcourt€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€theÐ è 8  Ðfactors€and€principles€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€areÐ Ô$  Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€haveÐ À  Ðpreferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Pikeóó,€978€S.W.2d€904,€926„27€(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,Ð ¬ü  Ð805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Ð ˜è  ÐÔ#†XT¹XXXT¹6W#ÔÌà  àSecond€degree€murder€is€a€Class€A€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210(b).€€The€RangeÐ pÀ ÐI€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€fifteen€to€twenty„five€years.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„112(a)(1).€€TheÐ \¬ Ðpresumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€midpoint€in€the€range,€enhanced€by€applicableÐ H˜ Ðenhancement€factors€and€reduced€by€applicable€mitigating€factors.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„210(c),€(e).Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€applied€two€enhancement€factors:€€that€the€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€theÐ  \ Ðvictim€were€particularly€great€and€that€the€Defendant€employed€a€firearm€during€the€commission€ofÐ øH Ðthe€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114€(6),€(9).€€The€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€courtððs€applicationÐ ä4 Ðof€the€first€of€these€two€factors€was€error,€and€the€State€correctly€concedes.€€A€sentence€cannot€beÐ Ð  Ðenhanced€by€a€factor€which€is€itself€an€essential€element€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114.€€GivenÐ ¼  Ðthat€the€victimððs€death€is€an€element€of€the€crime€of€second€degree€murder,€the€enhancement€factorÐ ¨ø Ðfor€inflicting€particularly€great€personal€injuries€cannot€be€applied€to€enhance€a€sentence€for€a€murderÐ ”ä Ðconviction.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€€òòState€v.€Williamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€69,€82€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(holdingÐ €Ð Ðthat€the€enhancement€factor€for€inflicting€particularly€great€injuries€cannot€be€applied€to€enhance€aÐ l¼ Ðsentence€for€vehicular€homicide€ð ðbecause€the€death€of€the€victim€is€an€element€of€the€offenseðð);€òòStateÐ X ¨ Ðv.€James€Henry€Davisóó,€No.€M1999„02467„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1130139,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð D!” ÐApp.,€Nashville,€Aug.€2,€2000)€(holding€that€this€enhancement€factor€cannot€be€applied€to€a€sentenceÐ 0"€  Ðfor€second€degree€murder€because€ð ðthe€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€the€homicide€victim€are€byÐ #l! Ðdefinition€ððparticularly€greatðððð).€€Thus,€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€applied€this€enhancement€factorÐ $X" Ðto€increase€the€Defendantððs€sentence.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€also€applied€three€mitigating€factors:€€that€the€Defendant€acted€under€strongÐ Ì&"% Ðprovocation;€that,€because€of€his€youth,€he€lacked€substantial€judgment€in€committing€the€murder;Ð ¸'#& Ðand€that,€although€guilty€of€the€crime,€the€Defendant€committed€the€murder€under€such€unusualÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcircumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€that€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivated€his€conduct.€€òòSeeóóÐ )à$( Ðâ âTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113€(2),€(6),€(11).€€The€trial€court€further€noted€that€the€Defendant€had€noÐ |*Ì%) Ðprior€felony€convictions.׃×Ý ƒ+#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€State€argues€that€the€trial€court€should€not€have€applied€the€first€ofÐ ° Ðâ âthese€factors€because€the€jury€rejected€the€Defendantððs€self„defense€theory.€€We€respectfully€disagree.€Ð œì Ðð ðStrong€provocationðð€is€not€synonymous€with€self„defense,€and€the€proof€supports€the€applicationÐ ˆØ Ðof€this€mitigating€factor.€€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àBecause€the€trial€court€did€not€place€its€findings€on€the€record€other€than€by€filing€a€ð ðFindingsÐ L œ Ðof€Factðð€form,€we€are€unable€to€discern€the€weight€given€to€any€of€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÐ 8 ˆ Ðfactors.€€As€we€have€noted,€the€trial€court€erroneously€applied€one€enhancement€factor.€€Accordingly,Ð $ t Ðwe€review€the€trial€courtððs€sentencing€decision€without€the€presumption€of€correctness.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,Ð  ` ÐòòState€v.€William€Lewis€Houstonóó,€No.€M1999„01430„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1793088,€at€*9€(Tenn.Ð ü L  ÐCrim.€App.,€Nashville,€Dec.€7,€2000)€(holding€that,€ð ð[s]ince€the€trial€court€did€not€articulate€howÐ è 8  Ðeach€of€the€alleged€enhancement€factors€applies,€we€must€review€the€defendantððs€sentence€òòdeóó€òònovoóóÐ Ô$  Ðwithout€any€presumption€of€correctnessðð).€€Upon€the€record€before€us,€we€find€that€the€DefendantððsÐ À  Ðsentence€should€be€less€than€twenty€years.€€Beginning€at€the€midpoint€of€the€range,€which€is€twentyÐ ¬ü  Ðyears,€enhancing€on€the€basis€of€a€single€enhancement€factor,€and€then€reducing€the€sentence€on€theÐ ˜è  Ðbasis€of€three€mitigating€factors,€the€appropriate€sentence€should€be€somewhat€below€the€midpointÐ „Ô  Ðof€the€range.€€We€believe€that€each€of€the€three€mitigating€factors€is€entitled€to€significant€weight€inÐ pÀ Ðthis€case.€€Accordingly,€we€modify€the€Defendantððs€sentence€to€seventeen€years.Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendantððs€conviction€is€affirmed.€€His€sentence€is€reduced€to€seventeen€years.€€€€Ð 4„ ÐÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Ð  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE