ÿWPCø ÔkŒÓE("!HÛ˜”Ê)Þ¤—P±åÿÄô†QB;Zúh³wÉMX¾ŽÐ»ç!Q-¬žáͯ@šÖ)á|ªºÂ;N¼œ«ØLÕÈÉ[€õvÜN —)Ž HÝ?u;UÆh\6·q»]Ú7‹r~ ¬«¥ä-ŸtS²y瘓Ú`¸o ͨ—%V~dbÖ/MǪSæãßJŸÝ» Æ9ææ¥q™ç1¥0F§üïŠzråpÑÙ3®˜¨é§»]ãòfAif2U3¼XËŒë;|í5ħgc»Q†/Æ4Ìüª<(9cò*|˜qLÇÖ±« ­ÅïæuaÝÙ£”Ïõ~PÉmª_jgî~t•`/n.II.éº=#EE­¼Ý”ãóú®BèÏ:ƒ2Š7AÝ—ÏùÉGMr‡»Í¼W¿ßa˜bë•:s(;¨¯l*7¤jÑ=–@Ê8™7u^þFÉ"ó0È~Z ”‰r¢àω_æíÚröŸ˜nã¾"0˜S4Ì•Sº*YtWn鉗 ¢„òGX:¶\}ö ²Ù¤ä*ú$¤@)ïÜZÓÈw–À{EEö Ç~}‰¡Žu9y‚¶V·°:å¹\Øb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz N‘ Æ“ ÆY Æ Æå «N³U@µbõEW 0DYUNbëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëëë 0ëóóóó BÞÞ 0¤û D5Ÿ D-Ô 0K ASLÆŸ 0¤e 0D  A«M˜HP LaserJet 8000 Series PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0»i˜f+â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularòK+˜C¢Ø+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 (ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman  XÝ ƒRí$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôðÒ ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔEven€if€the€defendantððs€wife€had€driven€the€truck€to€the€location€on€the€side€of€Highway€47,€the€defendant€wasÐ ° Ðnevertheless€in€physical€control€of€the€truck€when€Deputy€Ward€arrived€on€the€scene.(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÆúI Z‹6Times New Roman Regular- ù-(|G2í$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€P´»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô"èò»»Ô d(|3Ž $££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€P´»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Ž $¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€P´»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€R¼»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼M »»»ÔÑ8€6ŒXXdê»»d 8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îS[M ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼M »îîS[ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAugust€15,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XÖX»¼M ÔÌò òÔ#†¼M »XXÖ#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€DANIEL€Ô_ÔOððNEILÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔCONNELLYÔ_ÔòòóóÔ‡XÖX»¼M Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Ô_ÔDicksonÔ_Ô€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€CR4518à0 @ à€€€€€€Allen€Wallace,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„01914„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€November€6,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Daniel€O.€Ô_ÔConnellyÔ_Ô,€appeals€from€his€conviction€of€driving€under€the€influence€ofÐ xÈ  Ðan€intoxicant€(Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô)€imposed€after€a€bench€trial€in€the€Ô_ÔDicksonÔ_Ô€County€Circuit€Court.€He€claims€onÐ d´ Ðappeal€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction€and€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ P  Ðoverruling€a€pretrial€motion€to€suppress€any€evidence€that€the€state€garnered€following€theÐ <Œ Ðdefendant's€Ô_ÔwarrantlessÔ_Ô€arrest.€€After€hearing€oral€arguments€and€reviewing€the€record,€the€parties'Ð (x Ðbriefs,€and€the€applicable€law,€we€affirm€the€conviction.Ô#†¼M »XXÖÖ#ÔÔ‡XÖX»¼M ÔÐ d ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmed.ó óÐ ì< ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼M »àXÖR#ÔÔ‡XÖX.¼M ÔJames€Ô_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Welles€óóandÐ Ä ÐòòJoe€G.€Riley,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ° ÐÌV.€Michael€Fox,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellant,€Daniel€Ô_ÔOððNeilÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔConnellyÔ_Ô.Ð ˆØ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Jennifer€L.€Ô_ÔBledsoeÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð `° ÐVictor€S.€Johnson,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Suzanne€M.€Ô_ÔLockertÔ_Ô,€Assistant€DistrictÐ L œ ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€Appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.€Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÓñÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONÐ #`" ÐÌó óÔ#†¼M »XXÖ #ÔÓ  ÓòòóóÔ€XÖX»¼M Ôà  àà ` àIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€evidence€presented€in€the€defendant'sÐ è$8 $ Ðbench€trial€showed€that€on€the€evening€of€October€16,€2000€Ms.€Ô_ÔTesaÔ_Ô€Black€was€sitting€on€the€frontÐ Ô%$!% Ðporch€of€her€home€near€White€Bluff€when€she€saw€a€white€truck€fail€to€negotiate€a€curve€in€front€ofÐ À&"& Ðher€house€on€Ô_ÔClaylickÔ_Ô€Road€and€run€into€the€ditch.€€She€saw€a€man€in€or€about€the€truck€and€saw€noÐ ¬'ü"' Ðother€occupants.€€Before€the€man€removed€the€truck€from€the€ditch€and€left€the€scene,€she€obtainedÐ ˜(è#( Ðthe€license€number€and€reported€by€telephone€the€truck's€description€and€license€number€to€theÐ „)Ô$) Ðpolice.€€She€told€the€police€that€the€driver€may€be€intoxicated.Ð p*À%* Ðà  àÌà  àà ` àWhite€Bluff€Police€Officer€Johnny€Blanks€responded€to€the€call€and€arrived€at€theÐ H,˜', Ðscene.€€He€noted€that€a€vehicle€had€apparently€plowed€into€the€ditch€but€found€no€damage€to€propertyÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_Ôor€fixtures€at€the€site.€€Via€his€radio,€he€learned€that€Dickson€County€Deputy€Sheriff€Mark€Ward€hadÐ ° Ðfound€a€white€truck€on€the€side€of€Highway€47€nearby,€and€Officer€Blanks€drove€to€Ward's€location.€Ð œì ÐHe€arrived€approximately€seven€to€thirteen€minutes€after€receiving€the€original€dispatch.€When€heÐ ˆØ Ðarrived,€he€found€Deputy€Ward€on€the€roadside€near€a€parked€white€truck.€€The€license€number€onÐ tÄ Ðthe€truck€matched€the€number€given€to€the€police€department€by€Ms.€Black.Ð `° ÐÌà  àà ` àHaving€been€dispatched€to€the€scene€of€the€accident€near€Ms.€Black's€house€and€whileÐ 8 ˆ Ðin€route€on€Highway€47,€Deputy€Ward€saw€the€white€truck€parked€beside€the€highway€approximatelyÐ $ t Ðone-half€to€one€mile€from€Claylick€Road.€€When€he€pulled€up€to€investigate,€he€noticed€that€theÐ  ` Ðlicense€number€matched€the€number€provided€in€the€dispatch.€€The€truck€was€damaged€on€the€rightÐ ü L  Ðfront€section.€The€truck's€lights€were€on.€€Although€the€vehicle€was€not€running,€the€keys€were€in€theÐ è 8  Ðignition€switch.€€Registration€records€revealed€that€the€defendant€owned€the€white€truck.€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€defendant€was€standing€near€the€truck€holding€a€tire€iron.€€€When€Deputy€WardÐ ¬ü  Ðapproached,€the€defendant€became€"agitated"€and€responded€to€questions€in€an€"irate€manner."€€TheÐ ˜è  Ðofficer€noticed€that€the€right€front€tire€was€flat.€€The€rim€of€the€wheel€was€bent,€and€there€was€mudÐ „Ô  Ðon€the€front€of€the€vehicle.€€The€defendant€denied€being€on€Claylick€Road€earlier€and€denied€drivingÐ pÀ Ðthe€truck.€€He€stated€that€his€wife€had€been€driving€and€had€walked€away€from€the€scene€to€get€help.Ð \¬ Ѐ€€€€€Ð H˜ Ðà  àà ` àDeputy€Ward€smelled€alcohol€on€the€defendant's€person€and€inside€the€truck,€althoughÐ 4„ Ðhe€found€no€other€evidence€of€alcoholic€beverages€inside€the€truck.€€He€noticed€that€the€defendantÐ  p Ð"was€a€little€unsteady€on€his€feet€.€.€.€[and]€was€very€evasive€in€his€answering."€€His€speech€"wasn'tÐ  \ Ðslurr[ed]€to€the€point€you€couldn't€understand€him,"€but€it€was€not€"crisp€and€clear."€€€The€officerÐ øH Ðasked€the€defendant€to€perform€three€field€sobriety€tests.€€On€the€straight-line-walk-and-turn,€theÐ ä4 Ðdefendant€took€ten€steps€instead€of€the€nine€he€was€instructed€to€take€and€lost€his€balance€on€the€turn.€Ð Ð  ÐDeputy€Ward€indicated€that,€although€three€failures€on€the€test€are€required€in€order€to€indicateÐ ¼  Ðintoxication,€the€defendant€scored€only€two€points.€€The€defendant,€however,€failed€to€satisfactorilyÐ ¨ø Ðcomplete€the€one-leg€stand.€€He€lost€his€balance€at€the€count€of€sixteen€rather€than€holding€the€stanceÐ ”ä Ðfor€the€prescribed€count€of€thirty.€€Although€the€defendant€had€indicated€prior€to€the€test€that€he€hadÐ €Ð Ðno€injuries€or€disabilities,€he€said€after€losing€his€balance€that€he€had€a€"pulled€ligament."€€OfficerÐ l¼ ÐWard€further€testified€that€the€defendant€failed€a€test€requiring€him€to€touch€the€tip€of€his€nose.€Ð X ¨ Ѐ€€€€€€€Ð D!” Ðà  àà ` àBased€upon€the€defendant's€poor€performance€on€these€tests€and€the€deputy's€"initialÐ 0"€  Ðcontact€with€[the€defendant],€his€general€demeanor,€the€way€he€was€walking,€his€movements,"€theÐ #l! Ðdeputy€believed€that€he€was€intoxicated€and€incapable€of€safely€operating€a€motor€vehicle.€€DeputyÐ $X" ÐWard€testified€that€he€did€not€believe€that€a€crime€was€being€committed€in€his€presence€when€heÐ ô$D # Ð"first€arrived"€on€the€scene,€but€after€administering€the€field€sobriety€tests,€he€concluded€that€theÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendant€was€guilty€of€DUI€"based€on€everything€[he]€personally€saw."€€At€this€point,€Deputy€WardÐ Ì&"% Ðarrested€the€defendant.€€Ð ¸'#& Ѐ€€€€Ð ¤(ô#' Ðà  àà ` àBoth€Officer€Blanks€and€Deputy€Ward€testified€that€they€saw€no€one€walking€alongÐ )à$( Ðthe€roadside€as€they€drove€to€the€truck's€location.€€The€defendant€may€have€told€Deputy€Ward€thatÐ |*Ì%) Ðhis€wife€had€walked€down€the€highway€toward€Charlotte.€€The€officer€knew€that€she€would€haveÐ h+¸&* Ðfound€no€"business€or€anything"€for€four€or€five€miles€in€that€direction,€that€in€the€opposite€directionÐ ° Ðthere€"are€residential€areas€and€.€.€.€€stores€a€half€mile"€away,€and€moreover,€there€were€houses€withÐ œì Ðlighted€porches€within€view€of€the€site€where€the€truck€was€parked.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àAfter€being€transported€to€the€sheriff's€office,€the€defendant€declined€to€sign€a€consentÐ `° Ðform€for€a€breath€alcohol€test.€€He€neither€testified€in€his€defense€nor€offered€any€other€witnesses€atÐ L œ Ðtrial.€€Based€upon€the€evidence€summarized€above,€the€trial€court€found€beyond€a€reasonable€doubtÐ 8 ˆ Ðthat€the€defendant€was€driving€the€truck€and€that€the€circumstances€showed€that€he€was€guilty€ofÐ $ t ÐDUI.€€The€trial€judge€said,€"I've€got€a€man€sitting€there€on€the€side€of€the€road€in€an€intoxicatedÐ  ` Ðcondition€in€a€truck€that€he€has€control€of€and€there's€a€question.€€They€could€have€arrested€him€rightÐ ü L  Ðthere€on€the€scene€and€forgot€about€that€accident€down€there."Ð è 8  Ѐ€€€€€€€Ð Ô$  Ðà  àà ` àOn€appeal,€the€defendant€first€asserts€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€hisÐ À  Ðconviction€because€it€fails€to€establish€(1)€that€the€defendant€was€driving€or€otherwise€physicallyÐ ¬ü  Ðcontrolling€a€vehicle€and€(2)€that€he€was€intoxicated€at€the€time.€€We€disagree.Ð ˜è  Ѐ€€€à  àà ` àÐ „Ô  Ðà  àà ` àIn€a€bench€trial,€the€verdict€of€the€trial€judge€is€entitled€to€the€same€weight€on€appealÐ pÀ Ðas€a€jury€verdict.€€òòState€v.€Holderóó,€15€S.W.3d€905,€911€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€"A€finding€of€guiltÐ \¬ Ðby€the€trial€court€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€finding€by€the€trierÐ H˜ Ðof€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòId.óó;€òòseeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).Ô‡XÖXXXÖÔ€€The€verdict€accreditsÐ 4„ Ðthe€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€state€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€theÐ  p Ðstate.€€òòState€v.€Hatchettóó,€560€S.W.2d€627,€630€(Tenn.€1978);€òòState€v.€Townsendóó,€525€S.W.2d€842,€843Ð  \ Ð(Tenn.€1975).€€On€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€andÐ øH Ðall€reasonable€or€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571Ð ä4 ÐS.W.2d€832,€836€(Tenn.€1978).Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àà ` àMoreover,€a€verdict€against€the€defendant€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€andÐ ¨ø Ðraises€a€presumption€of€guilt€on€appeal,€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973);€òòAnglinÐ ”ä Ðv.€Stateóó,€553€S.W.2d€616,€620€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977),€which€the€defendant€has€the€burden€ofÐ €Ð Ðovercoming,€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977).Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àà ` àMore€significantly,€where€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevantÐ D!” Ðquestion€for€an€appellate€court€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÐ 0"€  Ðto€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crimeÐ #l! Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2782€(1979);€Tenn.Ð $X" ÐR.€App.€P.€13.€€òòóóThis€rule€applies€to€findings€based€on€both€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòStateÐ ô$D # Ðv.€Thomasóó,€755€S.W.2d€838,€842€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€Circumstantial€evidence€alone€may€beÐ à%0!$ Ðsufficient€to€convict€one€of€a€crime.€€òòState€v.€Bolingóó,€840€S.W.2d€944,€947€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).Ô#†XÖXXXÖJ+#ÔÐ Ì&"% Ðà  àà ` àÌà  àà ` àAs€is€pertinent€to€the€present€case,€a€person€commits€DUI€who€drives€or€is€inÐ ¤(ô#' Ðð ðphysical€control€of€any€automobile€or€other€motor€driven€vehicle€on€any€of€the€public€roads€andÐ )à$( Ðhighways€.€.€.€or€while€on€.€.€.€any€.€.€.€premises€which€is€generally€frequented€by€the€public€at€largeððÐ |*Ì%) Ðwhile€under€the€influence€of€any€intoxicant.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401(a)€(1997).€Ð h+¸&* Їà  àà ` àBy€alternatively€defining€DUI€to€include€mere€ð ðphysical€controlðð€of€a€motor€vehicle,Ð ° Ðthe€legislature€created€a€strict€liability€crime.€€òòSee€State€v.€Turneróó,€953€S.W.2d€213,€215€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð œì ÐApp.€1996).€€To€assess€whether€a€defendant€was€in€physical€control€of€a€vehicle€for€purposes€of€theÐ ˆØ ÐDUI€offense,€a€jury€looks€to€the€totality€of€the€circumstances,€including€ð ðthe€location€of€the€defendantÐ tÄ Ðin€relation€to€the€vehicle,€the€whereabouts€of€the€ignition€key,€.€.€.€the€defendantððs€ability,€but€for€hisÐ `° Ðintoxication,€to€direct€the€use€or€non„use€of€the€vehicle,€or€the€extent€to€which€the€vehicle€itself€isÐ L œ Ðcapable€of€being€operated€or€moved.ðð€€òòState€v.€Lawrenceóó,€849€S.W.2d€761,€765€(Tenn.€1993);€òòseeÐ 8 ˆ ÐTurneróó,€953€S.W.2d€at€215€(ð ð[I]n€enacting€the€driving€while€intoxicated€statute,€the€legislatureÐ $ t Ðdesired€not€only€to€prohibit€the€operation€of€a€vehicle€by€an€intoxicated€individual,€but€also€toÐ  ` Ðremove€from€the€inebriated€the€option€of€operating€a€vehicle.ðð).Ð ü L  Ѐ€€€€Ð è 8  Ðà  àà ` àIn€our€view,€the€state€introduced€ample€evidence€to€show€that€the€defendant€was€inÐ Ô$  Ðphysical€control€of€his€vehicle€while€it€was€parked€alongside€a€public€highway.€€Ms.€Black€testifiedÐ À  Ðthat€minutes€before€Deputy€Ward€found€the€defendant€and€his€truck€on€the€roadside,€an€apparentlyÐ ¬ü  Ðunaccompanied€man€drove€the€same€truck€into€a€ditch€on€Claylick€Road.€€The€defendant€wasÐ ˜è  Ðstanding€next€to€the€truck,€preparing€to€fix€a€flat€right€front€tire.€€Although€the€engine€was€notÐ „Ô  Ðrunning,€the€key€was€in€the€ignition€switch,€and€the€truck's€lights€were€on.€€The€defendant€owned€theÐ pÀ Ðtruck,€and€no€one€else€was€in€or€about€the€truck.€€The€defendant's€claim€that€his€wife,€who€he€saidÐ \¬ Ðhad€driven€the€truck,€was€walking€along€the€road€to€find€help€was€not€substantiated€by€the€officers'Ð H˜ Ðobservations€and€investigations.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Thus,€the€defendant€was,€but€for€his€intoxication,€able€to€drive€orÐ 4„ Ðdirect€the€use€of€his€truck.€€Moreover,€the€evidence€showed€circumstantially€that€the€truck€wasÐ  p Ðcapable€of€being€operated€or€moved.€€The€fact€that€one€of€the€tires€was€flat€does€not€render€itÐ  \ Ðincapable€of€being€operated€for€the€purposes€of€Code€section€55-10-401(a).€€òòState€v.€Farmeróó,€675Ð øH ÐS.W.2d€212,€214€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984)€("We€take€judicial€notice€of€the€fact€that€a€car€with€a€flatÐ ä4 Ðtire€is€capable€of€movement€and€thus€continues€to€pose€a€threat€to€the€safety€of€the€public€when€it€isÐ Ð  Ðunder€the€control€of€an€intoxicated€driver.").€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€judge€concluded€that€the€intoxicated€defendant's€physical€control€of€his€truckÐ ”ä Ðon€the€roadside€provides€a€basis€for€convicting€him€of€DUI.€€The€record€supports€this€conclusion.Ð €Ð Ðà  àÌà  àà ` àWe€now€address€the€defendant's€claim€that€the€evidence€does€not€establish€that€he€wasÐ X ¨ Ðintoxicated.€€To€the€contrary,€the€evidence€amply€supports€the€trial€court's€determination€that€theÐ D!” Ðdefendant€was€intoxicated.€€Although€the€evidence€contained€the€results€of€no€empirical€tests€toÐ 0"€  Ðdetermine€the€defendant's€blood-alcohol€status,€intoxication€may€be€established€by€circumstantialÐ #l! Ðevidence.€€òòState€v.€Harlessóó,€607€S.W.2d€492,€493€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980).€€Deputy€Ward€testifiedÐ $X" Ðabout€a€number€of€circumstances€that€pointed€toward€the€defendant€being€intoxicated€to€the€pointÐ ô$D # Ðthat€he€was€incapable€of€safely€operating€a€motor€vehicle.€€Indeed,€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ à%0!$ Ðstate,€the€evidence€showed€that,€minutes€before€being€discovered€on€the€roadside€by€Deputy€Ward,Ð Ì&"% Ðthe€defendant€failed€to€negotiate€a€curve€and€drove€his€truck€into€a€ditch.€€Also,€the€defendant€failedÐ ¸'#& Ðsobriety€tests,€smelled€of€alcohol,€and€was€unsteady€on€his€feet.Ð ¤(ô#' Ѐ€€€€€€Ð ° Ðà  àà ` àWe€conclude€that€the€evidence€in€this€case€fully€supports€the€determinations€of€theÐ œì Ðtrial€court€that€led€to€the€defendant's€conviction€of€DUI.Ð ˆØ Ѐ€€€€€€€€à0  àÐtÄ(#(# Ðà  àà ` àThe€defendant's€remaining€issue€is€his€claim€that,€based€on€the€dictates€of€TennesseeÐ `° ÐCode€Annotated€section€40-7-103€which€governs€warrantless€arrests,€the€officer€had€no€authority€toÐ L œ Ðarrest€the€defendant€without€a€warrant€for€a€DUI€offense€that€occurred€prior€to€or€during€the€accidentÐ 8 ˆ Ðon€Claylick€Road.€€He€argues€in€his€brief€that€Officer€Ward€testified€that€the€defendant€"did€notÐ $ t Ðcommit€any€misdemeanor€in€his€presence,€nor€could€[he]€determine€from€[his]€investigation€at€theÐ  ` Ðòòsceneóó€òòofóó€òòtheóó€òòaccidentóó€whether€anyone€had€committed€a€crime."€€(Emphasis€in€defendantððs€brief.)€€Ð ü L  ÐThe€defendant€moved€pretrial€to€suppress€any€of€his€statements€or€other€evidence€obtained€by€theÐ è 8  Ðpolice€as€a€result€of€his€warrantless€arrest.Ð Ô$  Ѐ€€€€€€€€Ð À  Ðà  àà ` àWe€need€not€fathom€any€merits€of€the€defendant's€claim€that€Officer€Ward€had€noÐ ¬ü  Ðbasis€for€a€warrantless€arrest€for€driving€under€the€influence€on€Claylick€Road,€and€we€need€notÐ ˜è  Ðconcern€ourselves€with€whether€the€police€obtained€any€evidence€following€the€defendant's€arrest.€Ð „Ô  ÐThe€record€cogently€illustrates€that€the€intoxicated€defendant's€physical€control€of€his€truck€on€theÐ pÀ Ðside€of€Highway€47€violated€Code€section€55-10-401(a)€and€that€the€trial€court€at€least€alternatively€Ð \¬ Ðrelied€upon€this€offense€committed€in€the€officer's€presence€as€the€basis€for€conviction.€€We€attachÐ H˜ Ðno€significance€to€the€fact€that€Deputy€Ward€discerned€no€basis€for€arrest€when€he€first€arrived€onÐ 4„ Ðthe€scene.€€A€reading€of€his€testimony€plainly€shows€that€he€determined€to€arrest€the€defendant€forÐ  p ÐDUI€after€making€on-the-scene,€personal€observations,€including€his€evaluation€of€the€defendant'sÐ  \ Ðpoor€performance€of€field€sobriety€tests.€€At€this€point,€he€had€probable€cause€to€arrest€the€defendantÐ øH Ðfor€the€offense€committed€in€his€presence.Ð ä4 Ѐ€€€€€€Ð Ð  Ðà  àà ` àAlso,€because€the€defendant€misapprehends€the€factual€premise€supporting€hisÐ ¼  Ðconviction,€his€reliance€upon€òòState€v.€Thad€Thomas€Foldsóó,€No.€01C01-9308-CC-00278€(Tenn.€CrimÐ ¨ø ÐApp.,€Nashville,€Mar.3,€1995)€is€unavailing.€€€In€òòThad€Thomas€Foldsóó,€the€defendant's€alleged€DUIÐ ”ä Ðwas€not€committed€in€the€officer's€presence€when€the€officer€discovered€the€unattended€defendant'sÐ €Ð Ðcar€in€a€roadside€ditch.€€The€police€then€located€Folds€at€his€home€in€an€intoxicated€condition.€€Thus,Ð l¼ ÐFolds€was€convicted€of€an€offense€that€had€allegedly€occurred€prior€to€the€officer's€intervention.€€InÐ X ¨ Ðthe€present€case,€however,€the€defendant€committed€the€offense€of€DUI€while€physically€controllingÐ D!” Ðhis€vehicle€as€the€officer€arrived€on€the€scene.Ð 0"€  Ѐ€€€€€Ð #l! Ðà  àà ` à€There€is€no€discernible€error€in€this€case.€€The€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€Ð $X" ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ¸'#& Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJAMES€CURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€JUDGE