ÿWPCÔ …# VUNa %¯ 0(µ4Ýñb  w@ 0‹P 0DÛ 0J 0Ti 0^½ 0h 0rƒ 0|õ 0†q 0÷ 1u‡ 0dü B`U>} D3»B)îDC 0@ZU*š AMÄãÖôÊv~ÞvÓ\ AO/Æ~ 0DD D/ˆ B·˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡Ô¡¨ @ d3|x - ù-  EEEÓ€(;(20$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°Òòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman$$$$'ÿÿdxd% Line 7 d++++7Border 1dd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò< Œ 9p`(Arial€-,Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÙÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÔ€.ÔÔ€.ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€.XÔÌÌNovember€17,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó ÌÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€.ÔThis€statute,€which€was€amended€in€1994€to€add€subsection€(b)(2),€provides€for€a€juryÏinstruction€regarding€a€defendantððs€range€of€punishment.€€This€amendment€became€effective€onÏJuly€1,€1994,€more€than€a€year€before€the€appellantððs€trial.Ô€)ÔÌ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òòòà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€.ÔThe€comment€accompanying€this€pattern€jury€instruction€advises€the€trial€judge€to€ð ðreferÏto€the€charts€provided€by€the€Department€of€Correction€and€accompanying€notes€for€informationÏconcerning€the€calculation€of€the€minimum€sentence.ðð€€Tennessee€Pattern€Jury€Instruction,ÏCriminal€No.€43.11,€cmt›.€1.Ô€)ÔÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€)ÔÝ  Ý›Ò 4 ÒÒ ° ÒÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ќـ€ÙÔ€.ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€/0,A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌÓ ` ܆XDp”X Óà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€à ààQ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÓ` °‡XDp”XÓ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà àMAY€1997€SESSIONó óÌÌÌÌÌà àÓ ` ®DÓò ò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ó ó)ò òÌÓ` cÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àó ó)€ÌÓ ` ¸ cÓà àà à)€C.C.A.€No.€€œ01C01›„9604„CC„00150à àAppellee,à à)Ìà àà à)€Lincoln€CountyÌV.€€€€€€€à à)Ìà àà à)€Honorable€Charles€Lee,€JudgeÌò òà àà àó ó)ò òÌJERRY€RAY€COOPER,ó óà à)€(Murder„„Second€Degree)Ìà àà à)€€à àAppellant.à à)Ìà àà à)ÌÌÌÌÌÓ` ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌRobert€D.€Masseyà àCharles€W.€œBurson›ÌRoger€N.€Haysà àAttorney€General€&€Reporter€Ì209€West€Madison€StreetÌœPulaski›,€TN€37160à àDaryl€J.€BrandÌà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà àÌà àW.€Michael€œMcCown›Ìà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àœWeakley›€E.€BarnardÌà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àP.O.€Box€787Ìà àFayetteville,€TN€€37334ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€___________________ÌÌÌò òREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌó óÌò òPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,ó óÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌò òÔ  ÔÓ  ÓÓ ` pÓÔ  ÔÌÌœÌÌÑ Ð ÑÑ  ÑÑ7€¶=XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑO›€P€I€N€I€O€Nó ó€ÌÓ  ÓÌÓÓÓ ` ¸ pÓà àThe€appellant,€Jerry€Ray€Cooper,€was€indicted€for€first€degree€murder€inÏLincoln€County€and€pled€not€guilty€based€on€self€defense.€€€€In€August€1995,€aÏjury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€second€degree€murder.€€€Judge€Charles€LeeÏsentenced€the€appellant€to€eighteen€years€in€the€Tennessee€Department€ofÏCorrection.€€The€appellant€presents€six€issues€for€our€review:ÌÌÓÓ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€1.€€Whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€convict€the€appellantÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€of€second€degree€murder€and€the€juryððs€verdict€is€therefore€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€contrary€to€the€law€and€the€evidence.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€2.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€requiring€the€district€attorneyÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€generalððs€office€to€recuse€itself€from€the€prosecution€of€this€case.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€3.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€its€denial€of€the€appellantððsÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€request€to€withdraw€the€jury€instruction€with€regard€toÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€sentencing€ranges€which€included€provisions€concerning€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€truth€in€sentencing.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€4.€€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€its€instruction€to€the€jury€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€regarding€possible€release€dates€on€the€offense€charged€asÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€well€as€lesser€included€offenses€because€the€instruction€included€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïthe€possibility€of€the€appellant€being€sentenced€as€a€mitigatedÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€offender.€ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€5.€€Whether€the€verdict€in€this€case€should€be€set€aside€becauseÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€the€truth€in€sentencing€statute€and€its€resulting€instructions€are€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïunconstitutional€under€the€United€States€Constitution€and€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïthe€Tennessee€Constitution.ÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€6.€€Whether€the€jury€inappropriately€considered€the€jury€instructionsÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€given€as€relates€to€sentencing€ranges€and€truth€in€sentencing.ÌÌÌÓÓà àWe€respectfully€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€and€order€that€theÏappellant€be€granted€a€new€trial.€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÓ  ÓI.€€à àFactsÌÌÓ  Óà àThe€facts€of€this€case€illustrate€how€violent€episodes€involving€two€menÏfighting€over€a€woman€for€a€three„year€period€inevitably€led€to€a€deadlyÏresolution.€€€In€November€1991,€Katie€Womack€and€Henry€Womack,€theÏdeceased,€divorced€after€twenty„four€years€of€marriage.€€Included€in€theÏcoupleððs€divorce€decree€was€a€provision€for€Henry€Womack€to€pay€the€$40,000Ïmortgage€on€the€house€in€which€Katie€Womack€resided.€€Henry€WomackÏapparently€resented€having€to€pay€this€mortgage.€€€He€would€not€only€enter€theÏhouse€and€rummage€through€his€ex„wifeððs€belongings,€but€he€would€alsoÏsearch€through€her€telephone€bills€and€call€the€telephone€numbers€of€men€thatÏshe€had€supposedly€dated.€€ÌÌà àIn€February€1992,€Katie€Womack€met€Jerry€Ray€Cooper,€the€appellant.ÏMr.€Cooper,€a€resident€of€Alabama,€began€dating€Katie€Womack€and€continuedÍto€date€her€until€the€shooting€of€Henry€Womack€three€years€later.€€€€In€FebruaryÏ1992,€Henry€Womack€told€his€ex„wife€that€if€she€went€out€with€Jerry€CooperÏagain,€he€was€going€to€quit€paying€the€mortgage€on€the€house.€€Henry€WomackÏsubsequently€became€delinquent€on€two€or€three€mortgage€payments.€€ÌÌà àIn€September€1992,€Katie€Womack€and€Jerry€Cooper€attended€a€go„cartÏrace€in€which€Ms.€Womackððs€son,€Matthew,€was€a€participant.€€Henry€WomackÏwas€also€at€the€go„cart€track.€€€Henry€made€the€statement€to€Jerry€that€ð ðyou€mayÏbe€her€man€now,€but€you€will€be€my€man,ðð€and€told€Katie€that€he€would€kill€thatÏson€of€a€bitch€[Jerry].€€€€Katie,€who€was€outside€of€the€race€track,€tried€to€get€backÏinto€the€races,€but€Henry€blocked€her€from€entering.€€Jerry€Cooper€interceded€onÏKatieððs€behalf€by€asking€the€manager€of€the€races€to€go€to€Henry€and€see€thatÏKatie€could€return.€€Shortly€thereafter,€Jerry€and€Katie€left€the€race€track.€€KatieÏtold€Jerry€about€Henryððs€statement€that€he€was€going€to€kill€him.€€Jerry€CooperÏwent€to€the€authorities€in€Lincoln€County€and€reported€this€threat.€€However,ÏKatie€persuaded€Jerry€not€to€have€a€warrant€issued€for€Henry€because€sheÏfeared€that€her€children€would€hate€Jerry€for€having€Henry€arrested.ÌÌà àThe€problems€involving€these€three€individuals€continued.€€SometimeÏafter€the€first€of€the€year€in€1993,€Henry€tore€up€Katieððs€earrings,€which€heÏassumed€were€a€gift€from€Jerry;€he€tore€up€a€picture€of€Jerry€and€his€kids€thatÏKatie€had;€and€once,€he€dumped€out€Katieððs€purse,€breaking€her€makeup€andÏperfume€onto€her€outfit€before€her€date€with€Jerry.ÌÌÑ À Ñà àIn€July€1993,€Henry€told€Katie€that€if€she€was€going€out€with€Jerry€not€toÏcome€back€to€the€house€because€he,€Henry,€was€going€to€move€back€into€theÏhouse.€€€Henry€boxed€up€Katieððs€clothes,€traveled€to€Alabama,€and€dumpedÏthem€onto€Jerry€Cooperððs€driveway.€€Katie€spent€the€night€at€Jerryððs€house,€andÏwhen€she€arrived€at€her€house,€Henry€had€moved€back€into€the€house.ÌÌà àOn€one€occasion€when€Jerry€brought€Katie€home€from€a€date,€Katie€hadÏtrouble€getting€into€her€own€house€because€Henry€had€locked€the€storm€door.€ÏWhile€Jerry€shined€his€car€lights€on€the€door€so€that€Katie€could€see,€Katie€beatÏon€the€door€until€Henry€finally€opened€it.€€Henry,€clad€only€in€very€briefÏunderwear,€waved€to€Jerry€as€he€backed€out€of€the€driveway.ÌÌà àOn€July€31,€1993,€Jerry€brought€Katie€home€from€a€date,€and€again€sheÏhad€trouble€getting€into€her€house.€€Henry,€who€ran€from€behind€the€house,Ïchased€Jerry€away,€threw€something€at€his€car,€and€then€ran€along€beside€hisÏcar.€€Jerry€Cooper€did€not€stop.€€Although€it€is€unclear€who€called€first,€HenryÏspoke€to€Jerry,€who€was€on€his€car€phone,€and€wanted€to€know€where€Jerry€wasÏlocated.€€Again,€Jerry€Cooper€did€not€tell€Henry€Womack€where€he€was.€€Henry,Ïwith€a€shotgun€in€hand,€left€hunting€for€Jerry€Cooper,€but€before€he€left,€he€tookÏall€the€phones€out€of€Katieððs€house,€presumably€so€that€Katie€could€not€call€JerryÏto€warn€him€that€Henry€was€looking€for€him.€€Unbeknownst€to€Henry,€Katie€hadÏhidden€one€phone€in€the€house.€€€Katie€told€Jerry€that€Henry€had€a€shotgunÏwhen€he€went€looking€for€him.ÌÌà àTwo€weeks€later€on€August€14,€1993,€Henry€Womack€was€still€living€inÏKatie€Womackððs€house.€€Katie€was€planning€to€see€Jerry€that€evening,€andÏHenry€told€her€that€if€she€went€it€would€be€her€last€time.€€Katie€called€Jerry€andÏtold€him€that€she€had€better€not€go€because€she€was€afraid€that€something€badÏwould€happen.€€Katie€then€suggested€that€she€and€Jerry€meet€beside€an€areaÏchurch.ÌÌà àWhen€Katie€arrived,€Jerry€was€parked€beside€the€church,€and€Katie€gotÏinto€Jerryððs€car,€an€older€model€œ280ZX›.€€When€Katie€and€Jerry€came€out€onto€theÏroad,€Henry,€who€was€in€his€truck,€blocked€the€road.€€Jerry€pulled€aroundÏHenryððs€truck,€and€when€he€did,€Jerry€rolled€down€his€window€and€asked€whatÏthe€problem€was.€€Henry€then€called€Jerry€a€ð ðyellow€belly€chicken€shit€son€of€aÏbitch.ðð€€Jerry€Cooper€drove€off.€€At€this€point,€Henry€supposedly€threw€somethingÏat€Jerry€Cooper.€€As€Katie€and€Jerry€Cooper€were€headed€in€a€direction€awayÏfrom€Henry,€Katie€testified€that€she€heard€at€least€three€gunshots€and€feared€thatÏthe€bullets€might€hit€the€carððs€gas€tank€and€blow€up€the€car.€€She€also€testifiedÏthat€Jerry€Cooper€was€trying€to€get€a€hold€on€his€gun€but€could€not.€€Jerry€turnedÏaround€and€headed€back€toward€Henryððs€truck.€€As€Jerry€Cooper€was€drivingÏback€toward€Henry,€Katie€was€dialing€911€on€the€car€phone€because€sheÏthought€Henry€was€coming€after€her.€€Henry€Womack€had€fired€four€shots€atÏJerry€Cooper€and€Katie€Womack.€€€Katie€testified€that€Jerry€did€not€shoot€atÏHenry€during€the€August€œ14th›€incident,€and€at€no€time€that€day€did€Jerry€CooperÍshow€Henry€Womack€his€gun.€€€Katie€testified€that€Jerry€had€carried€a€gun€for€asÏlong€as€she€had€known€him.€€€Although€he€did€not€shoot€at€Henry€Womack€orÏindicate€that€he€had€a€gun,€Jerry€Cooper€did€accidentally€discharge€his€gun€andÏshoot€a€hole€in€the€dashboard€of€his€car.€€Jerry€Cooper€went€that€same€day€toÏthe€authorities€in€Lincoln€County,€explained€what€had€occurred,€and€secured€aÏwarrant€against€Henry€Womack.€€ÌÌà àSeveral€days€later,€a€judge€ordered€Henry€Womack€to€move€out€of€KatieÏWomackððs€house.€€Also,€Henry€was€arrested€for€aggravated€assault€and€wasÏsubsequently€put€on€pretrial€diversion€with€a€memorandum€of€understandingÏthat€restrained€him€from€having€contact€with€Jerry€Cooper.€€€During€this€time,ÏKatie€discovered€that€Henry€had€a€pistol.€€Although€he€had€never€owned€a€pistolÏbefore,€€Henry€had€owned€a€shotgun;€but€he€had€not€hunted€with€it€in€a€numberÏof€years.€€Katie€found€Henryððs€pistol€and€hid€it€because€she€feared€he€would€useÏit€on€Jerry.€€The€gun€remained€hidden€until€Henry€demanded€that€the€pistol€beÏreturned€to€him,€which€Katie€did.€ÌÑ „ ÑÑ 8 ÑÌà àOn€October€7,€1993,€Jerry€Cooper€filed€a€civil€suit€against€Henry€WomackÏfor€damages.€€There€was€an€agreed€order€restraining€Henry€Womack€fromÏð ðthreatening,€harassing,€assaulting,€or€harming€Jerry€Cooper€and€vice€versa.ðð€ÌÌÒ 4 ÒÒ x Òà àOn€May€1,€1994,€Jerry€Cooper,€who€now€knew€that€Henry€Womack€had€aÏpistol,€came€to€Katieððs€house,€and€she€invited€him€inside.€€Jerryððs€car€wasÏoutside€the€house.€€Shortly€thereafter,€at€approximately€12:45€a.m.,€Henry€cameÍto€the€door€of€Katieððs€house€and€began€to€beat€on€it.€€Katie€told€him€to€leave.€ÏHenry€told€her€that€he€was€not€leaving€until€that€gray€headed€son€of€a€bitchÏ[Jerry€Cooper]€came€out.€€Jerry€Cooper€had€a€gun€inside€the€house,€but€he€didÏnot€go€outside.€€Cooper,€with€a€pistol€in€one€hand,€called€911€for€help,€all€theÏwhile€keeping€Henry€in€his€eyesight.€€Jerry€did€not€chase€after€Henry€with€theÏgun,€and€he€did€not€threaten€Henry€with€the€gun.€€By€the€time€the€authoritiesÏarrived,€Henry€was€gone.€€Jerry€went€to€the€authorities€in€Lincoln€County,€andÏthey€issued€a€warrant€for€his€arrest.€€€As€a€result€of€this€contact,€a€judge€foundÏWomack€in€contempt€of€court€for€violating€the€restraining€order€and€reservedÏjudgment€on€the€issue€of€contempt,€further€ordering€Jerry€Cooper€and€HenryÏWomack€not€to€visit€the€property€of€Katie€Womack€without€permission.€€TheÏassault€warrant€was€dismissed€by€a€Lincoln€County€General€Sessions€JudgeÏbecause€he€felt€no€assault€had€been€committed.€€District€Attorney€General€MikeÏMcCown,€who€represented€the€state€at€the€appellantððs€trial,€was€also€theÏprosecutor€in€œthat›€case.ÌÌà àDespite€all€the€problems€they€had€encountered,€Katie€Womack€and€JerryÏCooper€continued€to€date.€€Henry€would€drive€by€public€places€that€Katie€andÏJerry€would€frequent.€€Because€Katie€and€Henryððs€daughter€and€granddaughterÏresided€in€the€same€house€with€Katie,€Katie€told€Henry€that€he€could€come€toÏher€house€any€time€he€desired.€€By€February€1995,€the€stress€precipitated€by€hisÏproblems€with€Henry€Womack€caused€Jerry€Cooper€to€seek€medical€treatmentÏfor€his€nerves€from€Dr.€Judy€Isenberg,€an€Alabama€doctor.€€During€FebruaryÏ1995,€she€treated€him€for€anxiety€and€depression.€€On€February€22,€1995,€theÍcivil€trial€against€Henry€Womack€was€held,€and€on€March€2,€1995,€€Jerry€CooperÏwas€awarded€$1,100€in€damages€against€Henry€Womack.€€In€that€judgment€wasÏa€permanent€injunction€restraining€the€parties€from€having€any€contact€withÏeach€other.€ÌÌà àOn€March€9,€1995,€a€little€more€than€two€weeks€before€the€shooting,€JerryÏCooper,€who€had€experienced€back€trouble€for€quite€some€time,€underwentÏback€surgery.€€Dr.€Ira€Denton,€who€performed€the€surgery,€testified€that,€in€hisÏopinion,€Jerry€Cooper€was€incapable€of€running,€fighting,€or€physicallyÏdefending€himself€on€the€day€of€the€shooting.ÌÌà àOn€March€24,€1995,€the€day€before€the€shooting,€Katie€and€Jerry€went€onÏa€date€in€Fayetteville,€Tennessee€before€driving€back€to€Alabama€to€spend€theÏnight€at€Jerryððs€house.€€Saturday€morning,€March€25,€1995,€Jerry€and€Katie€wentÏto€Wal„Mart€in€Fayetteville€to€get€a€lawn€mower€and€gas€grill€that€Katie€had€putÏin€the€lay„away.€€Katie€and€an€employee€at€Wal„Mart,€not€Jerry€Cooper,€loadedÏthe€grill€and€mower€into€Jerryððs€truck.€€Around€11:00€a.m.€Katie€and€Jerry€arrivedÏat€Katieððs€house€on€Molina€Road€near€Fayetteville€to€put€away€the€lawn€mowerÏand€the€gas€grill.€€Jerry€Cooper€backed€his€truck€past€Katieððs€driveway€into€theÏbackyard€where€a€shed€was€located.€€ÌÌà àWhile€Jerry€backed€his€truck€up€toward€the€shed,€Katie€went€inside€theÏhouse,€where€her€adult€daughter,€Christy€Norman,€was€talking€with€her€father,ÏHenry€Womack.€€Henry€was€at€Katieððs€motherððs€house,€approximately€two„tenthsÍof€a€mile€east€of€Katieððs€home.€€Katie€spoke€with€Henry€for€a€brief€time,€and€JerryÏCooper,€who€was€outside,€heard€Katie€ð ðhollering,€ððHenry,ðð€he€is€leaving.ðð€€KatieÏwent€outside€and€told€Jerry€to€leave.€€€Katie€testified€that€Jerry€responded€thatÏHenry€was€supposed€to€leave€him€alone€and€that€he€was€not€leaving.€€ChristyÏNorman,€the€deceasedððs€daughter,€testified€that€the€amount€of€time€that€passedÏfrom€the€time€Katie€told€Jerry€to€leave€until€Henry€Womack€arrived€was€fiveÏminutes€or€less.ÌÌà àKatie,€along€with€some€help€from€Jerry,€unloaded€the€mower€from€theÏback€of€the€truck,€and€within€minutes,€Henry€Womack€drove€quickly€up€theÏdriveway€in€a€blue€Datsun€280ZX€car,€a€car€similar€to€the€280ZX€that€JerryÏCooper€owned.€€€According€to€Cooper,€who€is€six€feet,€four€inches€in€height,€heÏcould€see€into€the€280ZX;€and€he€testified€that€Womack€had€a€pistol€in€his€rightÏhand€which€was€held€close€to€the€side.€€Womack€pulled€past€the€driveway€intoÏthe€backyard€and€just€past€Cooperððs€pickup€truck.€€€The€driverððs€side€door€ofÏeach€vehicle€was€facing€each€other,€about€nine€feet€apart.€€ÌÌà àAccording€to€Cooper,€he€feared€that€Womack€was€going€to€kill€him,Ïdespite€all€the€court€orders€in€effect€for€Womack€to€stay€away€from€him.€€CooperÏgot€his€.380€semi„automatic€pistol€from€the€seat€of€his€truck€and€loaded€the€clip.€ÏAccording€to€Cooper,€Womack€was€coming€out€of€his€car€when€Cooper€turnedÏaround€from€loading€his€gun.€€Cooper€testified€that€he€thought€Womack€had€aÏpistol€in€his€hand€when€he€got€out€of€his€Datsun€280ZX,€so€he€fired€at€WomackÏin€order€to€save€his€life.€€€However,€on€cross„examination,€Cooper€admitted€thatÍhe€did€not€actually€see€a€gun€when€Womack€got€out€of€the€car.€€€Cooper€firedÏfive€shots€rapidly.ÌÌà àOne€bullet€hit€the€dashboard,€near€the€speedometer.€€One€bullet€hitÏabove€the€left€rear€tire.€€The€remaining€three€shots€hit€Womack:€one€bullet€brokeÏhis€right€collarbone;€one€bullet€punctured€his€right€lung;€and€one€bullet€lodgedÏin€his€upper€left€arm€bone.€€Dr.€Charles€Harlan,€the€medical€examiner,€testifiedÏthat€the€front€chest€wound,€which€punctured€Womackððs€right€lung,€was€the€fatalÏwound.€€Therefore,€although€Womack€apparently€tried€to€run€away€from€Cooper,ÏWomack€was€not€shot€from€behind.ÌÌà àKatie€Womack,€the€ex„wife€of€Henry€Womack,€and€Christy€Norman,€HenryÏWomackððs€daughter,€were€at€the€scene€of€the€shooting.€€According€to€KatieÏWomack,€Henry€did€not€have€a€gun;€and€as€Henry€got€out€of€his€car,€he€did€notÏsay€anything€to€Jerry.€€Katie€testified€that€she€knocked€Jerryððs€arm€as€anotherÏshot€was€fired,€although€Jerry€Cooper€disputed€this€testimony.€€Christy€Norman,Ïwho€watched€the€events€unfold€from€a€sliding€glass€door€in€Katieððs€houseÏseveral€feet€away,€testified€that€her€father,€Henry,€had€nothing€in€his€hands€asÏhe€drove€into€the€backyard.ÌÌà àAfter€Henry€Womack€had€been€shot,€Jerry€Cooper€left€in€his€truck,€andÏstarted€to€telephone€an€attorney€who€had€represented€him€in€his€civil€suitÏagainst€Henry€Womack.€€When€he€was€unable€to€reach€that€attorney,€he€tried€toÏreach€the€attorney€who€had€helped€him€obtain€a€divorce,€but€again,€on€aÍSaturday,€he€was€unable€to€reach€an€attorney.€€€In€the€meantime,€the€sheriffððsÏdepartment€arrived€at€the€scene€of€the€shooting.€€According€to€C.€C.€Thornton,€aÏsheriffððs€deputy,€Sheriff€Tom€Bean,€who€died€before€the€appellantððs€trial,€€foundÏHenry€Womackððs€.25€caliber€pistol€in€the€console€between€the€bucket€seats€ofÏhis€Datsun€280ZX.€€The€pistol€and€the€clip,€which€was€not€in€the€pistol,€wereÏunderneath€papers€in€the€console.€€Deputy€Thornton€also€testified€that€noÏfingerprints€were€taken€of€any€physical€objects€at€the€scene€of€the€shooting€or€ofÏany€of€the€three€family€members€of€the€deceased€who€were€present€at€the€sceneÏof€the€shooting.€ÌÌà àJerry€Cooper,€who€threw€his€gun€off€a€bridge€into€the€Tennessee€River,Ïcalled€the€sheriffððs€department€€and€turned€himself€in€after€speaking€with€aÏFayetteville€attorney€the€following€Monday.ÌÌÓ  ÓII.€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceÌÌÓ  Óà àFirst,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€convict€himÏof€second€degree€murder.€€€The€appellant€maintains€that€because€ð ðthe€record€isÏÑ ° Ñreplete€with€previous€threats,€previous€acts€of€violence,€numerous€orders€ofÏvarious€courts€for€Henry€Womack,€the€deceased,€to€stay€away€from€and€have€noÏharassing€type€contact€with€the€appellant,€ð ð€he€should€have€been€found€guilty€ofÏthe€lesser€included€offense€of€voluntary€manslaughter,€which€requiresÍð ðadequate€provocation€sufficient€to€lead€a€reasonable€person€to€act€in€anÏirrational€manner.ðð€€Ìà àThe€appellant€concedes€that€whether€a€defendant€is€convicted€of€secondÏdegree€murder€or€voluntary€manslaughter€is€typically€a€jury€question.€€However,Ïappellant€argues€that€his€case€is€atypical€because€of€the€jury€instruction€thatÏwas€given€regarding€ranges€of€punishment.€€He€contends€that€ð ðthe€jury€took€intoÏconsideration€the€sentencing€ranges€and€truth€in€sentencing€instruction€forÏvoluntary€manslaughter€in€rendering€their€verdict€as€opposed€to€looking€at€theÏadequate€provocation€issue€as€is€required.ððÌÌà àThe€state,€however,€argues€that€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€convict€theÏappellant€of€second€degree€murder.€€The€state€maintains€that€there€was€noÏevidence€of€any€provocation€on€March€25,€1995,€the€day€of€the€shooting,€thatÏwould€warrant€a€finding€of€voluntary€manslaughter€and€further€asserts€that€theÏevidence€indicates€that€Jerry€Cooperððs€killing€of€Henry€Womack€was€ð ðknowingÏand€unprovoked,ðð€thereby€warranting€his€second€degree€murder€conviction.ÌÔ€)Ôà àÔ€.ÔÌà à€Great€weight€is€accorded€jury€verdicts€in€criminal€trials.€€Jury€verdictsÏaccredit€the€stateððs€witnesses€and€resolve€all€evidentiary€conflicts€in€the€stateððsÏfavor.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983);€òòState€v.€Banesóó,€874ÏS.W.2d€73,€78€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€On€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€bothÏthe€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferencesÏwhich€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832€(Tenn.Í1978).€€Moreover,€guilty€verdicts€remove€the€presumption€of€innocence,€enjoyedÏby€defendants€at€trial,€and€replace€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,Ï493€S.W.2d€474€(Tenn.€1973).€€Appellants,€therefore,€carry€the€burden€ofÏovercoming€a€presumption€of€guilt€when€appealing€jury€convictions.€€òòId.óóÌÌà àWhen€appellants€challenge€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€CourtÏmust€determine€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€toÏthe€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€a€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307€(1979);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òò€State€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63€(Tenn.Ï1985).€€The€weight€and€credibility€of€a€witnessðð€testimony€are€matters€entrustedÏexclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€triers€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542Ï(Tenn.€1984);€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).ÌÌà àThe€three„year€history€between€these€two€men€clearly€indicates€that€theÏappellant€was€undoubtedly€provoked€on€numerous€occasions.€€He€repeatedlyÏsought€help€not€only€from€law€enforcement€but€also€from€the€courts,€andÏunfortunately,€in€the€end,€he€resorted€to€self€help.€€The€appellant€based€hisÏdefense€on€self€defense,€not€provocation;€and€the€jury€in€Lincoln€County€choseÏto€believe€the€stateððs€witnesses,€which€included€primarily€the€deceasedððs€ex„wife€and€adult€daughter.€€Because€this€jury€as€the€triers€of€fact€believed€theÏevidence€sufficient€to€convict€the€appellant€of€second€degree€murder€and€notÍvoluntary€manslaughter,€we€must€uphold€their€verdict.€€The€evidence€is€sufficient.Ó  ÓÌÌÌÌÌIII.€€Disqualification€of€the€District€Attorney€Generalððs€Officeà àÌÌÓ  Óà àSecond,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€notÏdisqualifying€the€district€attorney€generalððs€office€from€the€prosecution€of€theÏappellantððs€case.€€The€appellant€asserts€that€a€conflict€of€interest€existed€for€theÏdistrict€attorney€general€and€his€staff€€ð ðdue€to€the€previous€representation€of€theÏappellant€[by€the€district€attorney€generalððs€office]€when€he€was€the€victim€ofÏcrimes€committed€by€the€deceased.ðð€€€The€appellant€contends€that€ð ðanÏappearance€of€improprietyðð€Ñ X Ñexists€and€ð ðthat€once€a€defendant€has€shown€aÏsubstantial€relationship€existing€between€the€pending€case€and€the€manner€inÏwhich€the€prosecuting€attorney€was€previously€representing€in€essence€theÏdefendant,€that€there€should€be€a€presumption€that€the€prosecuting€attorneyÏshared€information€and/or€possessed€information€which€should€not€beÏdivulged.ðð€€The€appellant€maintains€that€district€attorney€general€Mike€McCown,Ïin€effect,€represented€him,€and€therefore,€€there€should€be€the€presumption€thatÏMcCown€ð ðshared€information€and/or€possessed€information€which€should€notÏbe€divulged.ðð€€ÌÌà àThe€state€argues,€however,€that€the€trial€court€properly€refused€toÏdisqualify€the€district€attorney€generalððs€office.€€€First,€the€state€argues€that€theÏappellant€filed€his€motion€to€disqualify€ten€days€before€the€trial€was€scheduled€toÏbegin,€so€disqualification€of€the€district€attorney€general€would€haveÏnecessitated€a€continuance.€€Therefore,€the€state€maintains€that€the€motion€wasÏnot€timely€filed€under€the€local€rules,€and€consequently,€the€trial€court€did€notÏabuse€its€discretion€in€denying€the€appellantððs€motion.ÌÌÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òà àSecond,€the€state€argues€that€the€motion€to€disqualify€the€districtÏattorneyððs€office€was€without€merit€because€the€appellantððs€argument€that€theÏdistrict€attorney€general€€represented€him€in€the€aggravated€assault€chargeÏagainst€Henry€Womack€is€simply€incorrect.€€The€state€maintains€that€becauseÏthe€district€attorney€general€represents€the€state,€an€attorney„client€relationshipÏnever€existed€between€Mr.€Cooper€and€district€attorney€general€McCown.€ÏTherefore,€ð ðthe€district€attorney€has€no€obligation,€under€law€or€the€principles€ofÏprofessional€ethics,€to€preserve€any€confidences€of€Cooperððs.ðð€€The€state€alsoÏnotes€that€the€assault€case€against€Henry€Womack€was€resolved€more€than€aÏyear€before€the€shooting€of€Womack,€so€there€was€no€ð ðððconfidenceððÏcommunicated€by€Cooper€to€the€district€attorney€at€any€time,€but€certainly€notÏafter€January€1994.ðð€ÌÌà àThe€trial€judge€in€this€case€apparently€thought€that€the€decision€ofÏwhether€or€not€to€disqualify€the€district€attorney€generalððs€office€rested€with€theÏdistrict€attorney€general€himself.€€However,€the€decision€to€disqualify€a€districtÍattorney€general€or€someone€on€his€or€her€staff€rests€with€the€trial€judge.€€òòStateÏv.€Tateóó,€925€S.W.2d€548,€549„50€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€ÌÌà àBased€upon€the€record€before€us,€the€appellant€made€a€motion€toÏdisqualify€the€district€attorney€general€and€his€office,€and€the€trial€judgeÏmistakenly€thought€that€he€did€not€have€the€authority€to€disqualify€the€districtÏattorney€general€or€his€staff.€€Although€òòTateóó€had€not€been€decided€at€the€time€ofÏthis€case,€the€trial€court€can€disqualify€the€district€attorney€general€and€his€or€herÏstaff€if€necessary.€€òòTateóó€,€925€S.W.2d€at€549.€€However,€the€appellant€did€notÏdevelop€or€present€evidence,€such€as€calling€district€attorney€general€McCownÏas€a€witness,€to€support€his€argument.€€Therefore,€this€issue€is€without€meritÏbased€on€the€record€before€us.€€However,€upon€a€new€trial,€€this€issue€may€beÏaddressed€again€if€the€appellant€presents€sufficient€evidence€to€support€hisÏargument€that€the€district€attorney€general€and€his€staff€should€be€disqualified.€òòÏSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tateóó,€925€S.W.2d€548€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).ÌÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌIV.€€Constitutionality€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„201(b)ÌÌÓ  Óà àThe€appellantððs€issues€three€through€six€fall€within€the€realm€of€juryÏinstructions€and€thus€are€intertwined.€€We€will€address€each€issue€raised€by€theÍappellant€in€his€brief,€but€in€an€order€different€from€that€presented€by€theÏappellant.ÌÌà àAt€the€center€of€issues€three€through€six€is€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995),€which€follows:ÌÓÓà à€€€€€ò ò40„35„201.€€Issue€of€guilt€and€sentence€to€be€triedÏseparately€„„Ìà àInstructing€jury€on€possible€sentences€„„€ParoleÏconsiderations.€„„ÌÌÑ ° Ñà à€€€€€ó ó.€.€.ò òÌà à€€€€€ó óÌà à€€€€€(b)(1)€In€all€contested€criminal€cases,€except€for€capital€crimes€whichÏà àare€governed€by€the€procedures€contained€in€€ðððð€39„13„204€and€39„13„Ìà à205,€upon€the€motion€of€either€party,€filed€with€the€court€prior€to€the€Ìà àselection€of€the€jury,€the€court€shall€charge€the€possible€penaltiesÌà àfor€the€offense€charged€and€all€lesser€included€offenses.Ìà à€€€€€(2)(A)(I)€When€a€charge€as€to€possible€penalties€has€beenÌà à€€€€€requested€pursuant€to€subdivision€(b)(1),€the€judge€shall€also€Ìà à€€€€€include€in€the€instructions€for€the€jury€to€weigh€and€consider€theÌà à€€€€€meaning€of€a€sentence€of€imprisonment€for€the€offense€chargedÌà à€€€€€and€any€lesser€included€offenses.€€Such€instruction€shall€includeÌà à€€€€€an€approximate€calculation€of€the€minimum€number€of€yearsÌà à€€€€€a€person€sentenced€to€imprisonment€for€the€offense€chargedÌà à€€€€€and€lesser€included€offenses€must€serve€before€reaching€suchÌà à€€€€€personððs€earliest€release€eligibility€date.€€Such€calculation€shallÌà à€€€€€include€such€factors€as€the€release€eligibility€percentageÌà à€€€€€established€by€ðð€40„35„501,€maximum€and€minimum€sentenceÌà à€€€€€reduction€credits€authorized€by€ðð€41„21„236€and€the€governorððsÌà à€€€€€power€to€reduce€prison€overcrowding€pursuant€to€title€41,€Ìà à€€€€€chapter€1,€part€5,€if€applicable.Ìà à€€€€€€€€€€(ii)€Such€instructions€to€the€jury€shall€also€include€Ìà à€€€€€a€statement€that€whether€a€defendant€is€actually€released€fromÌà à€€€€€incarceration€on€the€date€when€such€defendant€is€first€eligibleÌà à€€€€€for€release€is€a€discretionary€decision€made€by€the€boardÌà à€€€€€of€paroles€based€upon€many€factors,€and€that€such€boardÌà à€€€€€has€the€authority€to€require€the€defendant€to€serve€the€entireÌà à€€€€€sentence€imposed€by€the€court.Ìà à€€€€€€€€€€(B)€On€an€annual€basis,€the€department€of€correction€shallÌà à€€€€€provide€each€judge€exercising€criminal€trial€court€jurisdictionÌà à€€€€€with€the€approximate€calculation€required€in€subdivision€(2)(A).Ìà à€€€€€Such€calculation€shall€be€broken€down€to€show€the€effectÌà à€€€€€of€each€factor€used€in€making€such€calculation.€€If€theÌà à€€€€€calculation€provided€by€the€department€to€the€judges€changesÌà à€€€€€because€of€a€change€in€the€law€or€correctional€policy,€courtÌà à€€€€€intervention,€the€governorððs€prison€overcrowding€policy€or€any€Ìà à€€€€other€such€circumstance,€the€department€shall€send€aà à€€€€revisedÏcalculation€to€the€judges€as€such€changes€occur€.× ƒ1 ××  ×ÌÓÓÌà àThe€appellant€asserts€that€this€statute€is€unconstitutional€on€the€groundsÏthat€it€allows€the€trial€judge€to€charge€the€jury€regarding€the€facts€of€a€case,€that€itÏviolates€the€separation€of€powers€doctrine€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution,€andÏthat€it€is€unconstitutionally€vague.€€€Furthermore,€the€appellant€notes€in€his€briefÏthat€the€trial€court,€at€the€time€of€the€trial€in€August€1995,€also€believed€that€thisÏstatute€was€unconstitutional€because€ð ðthe€statute€œrequire[d›]€the€jury€to€takeÏsomething€into€consideration€which€œha[d›]€nothing€to€do€with€guilt€or€innocenceÏas€Ñ À Ña€factor€for€their€deliberations.ðð€€€€The€trial€courtððs€comments€about€theÏconstitutionality€of€the€statute€are€addressed€in€Section€VII.ÌÌà àFirst,€the€appellant€contends€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)Ï(Supp.€1995)€violates€Article€VI,€Section€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution:€ð ðTheÏJudges€shall€not€charge€juries€with€respect€to€matters€of€fact,€but€may€state€theÏtestimony€and€declare€the€law.ðð€€Apparently,€the€appellantððs€argument€is€thatÏalthough€a€trial€courtððs€instruction€regarding€a€range€of€punishment€for€aÏconviction€does€not€assume€facts,€€a€judge€has€to€assume€several€facts€whenÍadvising€the€jury€of€the€earliest€possible€release€eligibility€date€of€a€defendant.€ÏFor€example,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€court€must€consider€facts€inÏdetermining€the€sentence€range€of€the€defendant,€which€could€includeÏmitigating€and€enhancing€factors,€in€advising€the€jury€on€the€earliest€releaseÏeligibility€date,€and€thus,€this€violates€Article€VI,€Section€9.ÌÌà àSecond,€the€appellant€also€asserts€that€this€statute€violates€Article€II,ÏSections€1€and€2€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution,€€requiring€the€separation€ofÏpowers€into€three€branches€of€government.€€Appellant€argues€that€this€statuteÏpermits€the€legislature€to€invade€the€province€of€the€judicial€branch€of€theÏgovernment,€which€is€charged€with€the€responsibility€of€ensuring€ð ðthat€juryÏinstructions€do€not€compromise€the€integrity€of€the€jury.ððÌÌà àThird,€the€appellant€also€argues€that€the€statute€is€unconstitutionallyÏvague,€citing€òòFarris€v.€Stateóó,€535€S.W.2d€608€(Tenn.€1976).€€The€appellant€notesÏthat€the€court€in€òòFarrisóó€found€the€statute€in€that€case€vague€because€of€theÏspeculative€nature€ð ðwith€respect€to€certain€powers€and€duties€of€the€Board€ofÏPardons€and€Paroles,€good€behavior€allowances,€and€the€allowance€of€honorÏtimeðð€in€determining€parole€eligibility.€€€òòFarrisóó,€535€S.W.2d€at€609.€€He€assertsÏthat€his€case€is€analogous€to€òòFarrisóó.ÌÌà àThe€state,€however,€argues€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.Ï1995)€is€constitutional.€€The€state€maintains€that€this€statute€does€not€violateÏArticle€VI,€Section€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€€The€state€asserts€that€thisÍstatute€does€not€require€factual€assumptions€because€ð ð[œb]y›€referring€to€anÏobjective,€abstract,€indefinite€person,€rather€than€to€the€specific€defendant,€theÏstatute€provides€that€the€instruction€not€contain€factual€assumptions€about€theÏparticular€defendant€before€the€jury,€but€only€information€as€to€the€absoluteÏminimum€of€time€which€any€offender€must€serve€for€a€given€offense.ðð€€Also,€theÏstate€notes€that€the€information€supplied€to€the€jury€is€furnished€by€theÏDepartment€of€Correction€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)(2)(B)Ï(Supp.€1995),€and€consequently,€does€not€allow€ð ðspeculation€or€assumption€byÏthe€trial€judge.ðð€€ÌÌà àThe€state€further€contends€that€the€statute€does€not€violate€the€separationÏof€powers€of€Article€II,€Sections€1€and€2€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution,€citingÏòòState€v.€Cookóó,€816€S.W.2d€322€(Tenn.€1991).€€Our€Supreme€Court€in€òòCookóóÏobserved€that€ð ð[œt]he›€Legislature€.€.€.€certainly€has€the€right€and€power€to€direct€theÏjudicial€process.€€They€have€said€that€where€a€defendant€wants€his€trial€jury€toÏknow€the€range€of€possible€punishments€resulting€from€convictions€that€he€isÏentitled€to€have€that€information€conveyed€to€the€jury.ðð€€òòCookóó,€816€S.W.2d€atÏ327.€€Thus,€the€state€asserts€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995)Ïdoes€not€intrude€upon€the€judicial€process,€and€consequently,€does€not€violateÏthe€separation€of€powers€doctrine€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€ÌÌà àWith€respect€to€the€appellantððs€argument€that€this€statute€isÏunconstitutionally€vague,€the€state€argues€that€because€only€two€members€ofÏthe€òòFarrisóó€court€found€the€statute€ð ðvoid€for€vagueness,ðð€òòFarrisóó€is€not€authority€forÍthe€appellantððs€argument€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)€isÏunconstitutional.ÌÌà àThis€Court€has€held€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)€isÏconstitutional.€€òòState€v.€Kingóó,€No.€œ02C01›„9601„CR„00032€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÏJackson,€Oct.€22,€1996),€òòperm.óó€œòòapp›.óó€òògrantedóó,€œ(Tenn.€Mar.€10,›€1997).€€€In€òòKingóó,Ïthis€Court€noted€that€at€the€time€òòFarrisóó€was€decided€in€1976,€a€jury€determined€aÏdefendantððs€sentence€as€well€as€his€or€her€guilt.€òòId.óó€at€*3.€€Furthermore,€as€thisÏCourt€in€òòKingóó€noted,€the€òòFarrisóó€court€stated€that€ð ð[œt]he›€error€which€we€find€in€theÏcharge€to€the€jury€bears€only€upon€the€question€of€punishment€and€has€noÏrelation€to€the€juryððs€finding€of€guilt€or€innocence.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€*3€(citing€òòFarris€v.€Stateóó,Ï535€S.W.2d€608,€614€(Tenn.€1976)).€€€Like€the€court€in€òòKingóó,€œI›€believe€thatÏbecause€the€error€in€the€jury€instruction€in€òòFarrisóó€relates€only€to€punishment€andÏnot€to€guilt€or€innocence,€òòFarrisóó€is€not€relevant€to€this€case.ÌÌà àFurthermore,€this€Court€in€òòKing€óóaddressed€the€issue€of€whether€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995)€allows€the€legislature€to€intrude€uponÏthe€powers€of€the€judiciary.€€€In€that€case,€this€Court€observed€that€ð ðthe€statuteÏunder€consideration€in€òòFarrisóó€required€the€trial€judge€to€instruct€as€regards€toÏparole€eligibility€at€a€time€when€sentencing€was€a€jury€function.€.€.€.€[Therefore,]ÏòòFarrisððóó€applicability€is€limited€under€our€current€sentencing€laws.ðð€òòId.óó€at€*4.€€Thus,ÏœI›€conclude€that€òòFarrisóó€has€limited€applicability€in€this€case€as€well.ÌÌà àAccordingly,€œI›€conclude€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.Ï1995)€is€constitutional.ÌÌÓ  ÓV.€€Timing€of€Motion€Pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„201(b)Ó  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€allowing€him€toÏwithdraw€his€request€for€the€sentencing€range€instruction€pursuant€to€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995).€€The€pertinent€part€of€the€statuteÏfollows:€ÌÓÓà à(b)(1)€In€all€contested€criminal€cases,€except€for€capital€crimes€Ìà àwhich€are€governed€by€the€procedures€contained€in€€ðððð€39„13„204Ìà àand€39„13„205,€òòupon€the€motion€of€either€party,€filed€with€theÌà àcourt€prior€to€the€selection€of€the€juryóó,€the€court€shall€charge€theÌà àpossible€penalties€for€the€offense€charged€and€all€lesser€included€Ìà àoffenses.ÌÓÓÌ(emphasis€added).€€The€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€courtððs€denial€for€hisÏrequest€to€withdraw€the€motion€violates€his€due€process€rights€by€preventingÏhim€from€withdrawing€his€intent€to€exercise€his€statutory€right€for€the€jury€to€knowÏthe€range€of€punishment.ÌÌà àThe€state€argues€that€the€statute€should€be€interpreted€to€give€effect€to€theÏlegislatureððs€purpose€and€intent,€and€that€the€legislature€clearly€intended€for€aÏrequest€regarding€a€range€of€punishment€to€be€made€before€the€jury€is€selected.€ÏFurther,€the€state€argues€that€no€language€in€the€statute€permits€a€ð ðconditionalÏmotion,ðð€regardless€of€whether€the€appellant€had€ð ðreservedðð€the€right€toÏwithdraw€the€motion€at€a€later€time.€€Finally,€the€state€notes€that€although€theÏappellant€argues€that€his€due€process€rights€were€affected€by€the€trial€courtððsÍdenial€of€his€request€to€withdraw€the€motion,€he€cites€no€authority€for€hisÏargument.€ÌÌà àThis€Court€has€addressed€the€issue€of€when€a€motion€pursuant€to€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(b)€(Supp.€1995)€may€be€made.€€We€have€held€that€ð ðtheÏstate€[or€defense]€must€be€given€notice€of€this€request€prior€to€jury€selection€soÏthat€prospective€jurors€may€be€questioned€about€the€effect€that€knowing€theÏpossible€punishment€might€have€upon€their€verdict.ðð€€€òòState€v.€œMcIntosh›óó,€No.€85„27„III€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€May€23,€1986)€at€*4;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€€òòState€v.ÏBowieóó,€No.€86„212„III€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Mar.€12,€1987)ÌÌà àIn€this€case,€€the€appellant€wanted€to€withdraw€his€request€well€into€theÏtrial.€€To€allow€the€appellant€to€do€so€would€prejudice€the€stateððs€case.€€Once€theÏappellant€had€been€granted€his€request€for€the€instruction,€the€state€could€relyÏon€the€appellantððs€request,€which,€as€we€have€noted,€must€be€made€before€theÏjury€is€selected.€€€If€the€trial€court€had€allowed€the€appellant€to€withdraw€hisÏrequest€for€the€instruction,€then€time€would€have€already€passed€for€the€stateÏitself€to€move€for€the€instruction.€€Therefore,€we€conclude€that€the€denial€of€theÏappellantððs€request€to€withdraw€his€motion€was€well€within€the€trial€courtððsÏdiscretion.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  ÓVI.€€Jury€Instruction€Regarding€Possible€Release€Dates€As€A€Mitigated€OffenderÌÌÓ  Óà àNext,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€instructing€the€juryÏregarding€the€possible€release€dates€on€the€offense€charged€and€on€lesserÏincluded€offenses€because€the€instruction€included€the€possibility€that€theÏappellant€could€be€sentenced€as€a€mitigated€offender.€€€The€appellant€contendsÏthat€the€trial€court€erred€by€charging€the€jury€that€the€appellant€could€beÏreleased€after€1.77€years.€€The€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€andÏgave€the€release€eligibility€date€for€a€mitigated€offender€and€not€a€Range€I,Ïstandard€offender,€which€the€appellant€was€determined€to€be.€ÌÌà àThe€state€maintains€that€the€trial€court€gave€the€correct€release€eligibilityÏdates€for€the€appellant,€who€was€determined€to€be€a€Range€I,€standard€offender.ÏThe€state€notes€that€the€trial€court€used€the€calculations€provided€by€theÏDepartment€of€Correction€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)(2)(B),Ìand€thus€instructed€the€jury€that€ð ðthe€minimum€number€of€years€a€personÏsentenced€to€imprisonment€for€the€offense€of€Murder€in€the€Second€DegreeÏmust€serve€before€reaching€his€earliest€release€eligibility€date€is€1.77€years.ðð€€€ÏAlthough€the€number€ð ð1.77"€appears€in€the€box€for€mitigated€offenders,€it€is€notÏlisted€as€the€minimum€figure€for€a€mitigated€offender.ÌÌà àTherefore,€we€agree€with€the€state€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€byÏinstructing€the€jury€on€the€minimum€release€eligibility€date€for€a€mitigatedÏoffender.€€We€will,€however,€address€the€completeness€of€the€trial€courtððsÏinstruction€to€the€jury€regarding€sentencing€in€discussing€the€appellantððs€nextÏissue.ÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓVII.€€Correct€and€Complete€Jury€Instruction€Pursuant€to€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€ðð€40„35„201(b)ÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àThe€appellantððs€final€issue€is€that€the€jury€inappropriately€considered€theÏjury€instructions€given€as€relates€to€sentencing€ranges€and€truth€in€sentencing.€ÏHe€contends€that€the€trial€court,€which€on€several€occasions€stated€that€itÏbelieved€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995)€wasÏunconstitutional,€attempted€to€correct€the€statute€by€deleting€the€languageÏð ðweigh€and€considerðð€and€adding€in€its€place€ð ðfor€information€only.ðð€€€€TheÏappellant€further€argues€that€despite€the€trial€courtððs€attempt€to€correct€what€itÏbelieved€to€be€an€unconstitutional€statute,€the€jury€did€consider€the€dates€duringÏtheir€deliberations,€which€is€evidenced€by€the€affidavit€of€attorney€œHershell›ÏœKoger›.€€Mr.€Koger€interviewed€several€jurors€after€the€trial,€and€in€his€affidavit,€heÏstates€that€the€jury€did,€at€least€in€some€measure,€discuss€and€consider€theÏpossible€sentences€the€appellant€could€receive€for€the€offense€charged€and€anyÏlesser€included€offenses.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€further€argues€that€the€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€ð ðin€aÏmanner€inconsistent€with€the€statute€as€it€[the€trial€court]€attempted€to€correct€theÏunconstitutionality€of€the€statute.ðð€€€Therefore,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€juryÏcould€not€properly€consider€the€sentencing€ranges€because€the€instruction€wasÏincomplete.€€The€trial€court€neglected€to€include€in€the€jury€charge€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„201(b)(2)(A)(ii)€(Supp.€1995):ÌÓÓà à€€€€€Such€instruction€to€the€jury€shall€also€include€a€statement€that€Ìà àwhether€a€defendant€is€actually€released€from€incarceration€onÌà àthe€date€when€such€defendant€is€first€eligible€for€release€is€a€Ìà àdiscretionary€decision€made€by€the€board€of€paroles€based€upon€Ìà àmany€factors,€and€that€such€board€has€the€authority€to€require€theÌà àdefendant€to€serve€the€entire€sentence€imposed€by€the€court.ÌÌÓÓThe€appellant€argues€that€because€the€jury€considered€the€truth€in€sentencingÏinformation€and€because€it€did€not€receive€the€entire€instruction€provided€in€theÏstatute,€his€conviction€should€be€reversed.ÌÌà àThe€state,€on€the€other€hand,€argues€that€the€trial€court€correctly€rejectedÏthe€affidavit€of€Mr.€Koger€because€it€ð ðsets€forth€only€hearsay€statements€of€jurors,Ïwhich€should€not€be€considered€as€evidence€of€what€occurred€during€juryÏdeliberations.ðð€€No€juror€was€willing€to€sign€an€affidavit€concerning€theÏinformation€conveyed€to€Mr.€Koger.€€€The€state€further€contends€that€had€theÏjurors€supplied€affidavits,€the€information€in€those€affidavits€would€not€beÏgrounds€to€impeach€the€juryððs€verdict€under€Tennessee€Rule€of€EvidenceÏ606(b).ÌÌà àWith€regard€to€the€appellantððs€argument€that€the€trial€court€gave€anÏincomplete€instruction€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)€by€deletingÏsubsection€(b)(2)(A)(ii),€the€state€asserts€that€this€issue€is€waived€because€theÏappellant€did€not€raise€it€in€his€motion€for€new€trial€or€his€amended€motion€forÏnew€trial.€€Notwithstanding€waiver,€the€state€argues€that€the€omission€of€thisÏprovision€of€the€statute€from€the€jury€instruction€ð ðdid€not€render€the€juryÏinstructions€inaccurate,€but€at€worst€incomplete.ðð€€€ÌÌà àWe€will€first€address€the€trial€judgeððs€comments€about€theÏunconstitutionality€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995)€during€theÏtrial€and€at€the€appellantððs€hearing€for€a€new€trial.€€€The€trial€judge€stated€duringÏthe€trial:ÌÓÓà à€€€€€Well,€I€am€of€the€opinion€that€the€truth€in€sentencing€statuteÌà àas€it€is€written€„„€not€the€concept€œparticulary›€[sic]€„„€but€as€it€isÌà àwritten€is€unconstitutional€because€you€will€note€a€change€fromÌà àmy€instructions€and€the€statute.€€The€statute€says€that€the€jury€Ìà àshall€consider€it€in€their€deliberations.Ìà à€€€€€In€this€courtððs€opinion€to€have€the€jury€take€in€a€matter€that€Ìà àhas€nothing€to€do€with€guilt€or€innocence€as€a€factor€for€theirÌà àdeliberations€is€unconstitutional.€€€I€have€worded€my€charge€soÌà àthat€the€jury€is€not€instructed,€where€requested€on€the€range,Ìà àthat€the€jury€„„€that€language€I€leave€out€of€my€charge.€€TheÌà àconcept€I€do€not€think€is€unconstitutional€but€the€jury€mayÌà àbe€informed€for€their€information€only€but€the€language€ofÌà àthe€statute€is€and€I€have€in€this€court€declared€it€unconstitutional.Ìà àNo€one€has€taken€it€up.ÌÌÌÓÓà àAt€the€appellantððs€hearing€for€a€new€trial,€the€trial€judge€responded€to€theÏappellantððs€argument€that€he€be€allowed€to€withdraw€his€request€for€a€juryÏinstruction€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995)€in€thisÏmanner:ÌÓÓà à€€€€€THE€COURT:€Didnððt€we€have€a€hearing€upon€this€before€Ìà àthe€trial€began€which€the€court€expressed€grave€concerns€bothÌà àas€to€the€constitutionality€of€the€statute€and€didnððt€the€court€sayÌà àhowever,€if€you€ask€that€I€give€it€that€I€will€have€to€use€„„€I€will€haveÌà àto€follow€the€law.€€I€have€grave€concerns€concerning€the€Ìà àconstitutionality€of€the€statute.€€I€would€attempt€to€fashionÌà àinstructions€so€as€to€make€the€truth€in€sentencing€statuteÌÑ H Ñà àconstitutional.Ìà à€€€€€Didnððt€I€relate€to€counsel€for€the€defense€before€the€trialÌà àstarted€you€are€looking€at€me€œtellling›€[sic]€them€it€may€be€daysÌà àinvolved?€ÌÓÓÌà àLater€at€the€hearing€for€a€new€trial,€the€trial€judge€stated:ÌÓÓà à€€€€€With€regard€to€the€other€issues€raised,€the€court€hasÌà àsome€concern€and€expressed€those€concerns€aboutÌà à40„35„201.€€The€nature€of€the€courtððs€concerns€will€beÌà àborne€out€in€the€transcript€of€the€hearing€which€was€had€inÌà àthis€matter.€€I€believe€that€the€court€informed€counsel€Ìà àfor€the€defense€it€prohibited€the€State€on€their€motionÌà àfor€asking€for€a€range€of€punishment€and€it€is€not€theÌà àrange€of€punishment€„„€not€the€numbers€that€bothers€the€Ìà àcourt.€€It€is€the€statute€which€says€that€the€jury€will€beÌà àinstructed€that€they€„„€for€the€jury€to€weigh€and€considerÌà àthe€meaning€of€a€sentence€of€imprisonment€for€theÌà àoffense€charged€and€any€lesser€included€offenses.Ìà à€€€€€The€statute€says€that€the€judge€shall€include€in€itsÌà àinstructions€for€the€jury€to€weigh€and€consider.€€Well,€IÌà àdo€not€understand€why€a€jury€is€to€consider€somethingÌà àthat€has€nothing€to€do€with€the€guilt€or€œinnocense›€[sic]€ofÌà àthe€defendant.€€To€tell€the€jury€they€shall€consider€itÌà àcauses€the€court€some€great€concern.€€Consequently€theÌà àcourt€altered€that€language€and€told€the€jury€that€theseÌà ànumbers€involved€was€for€their€information€only.€€Did€notÌà àtell€them€that€they€shall€consider€it.Ìà à€€€€€Counsel€for€the€defense€is€caught€in€a€catch€22.€€He€Ìà àsays€well,€we€believe€the€jury€considered€this.€€If€theyÌà àdid€they€were€only€following€the€law.€€It€says€they€shallÌà àconsider€it.€€This€court€didnððt€instruct€them€to€consider€it.Ìà à€€€€€The€legislature€missed€the€public€concern€aboutÌà àtruth€in€sentencing.€€Rather€than€informing€the€juriesÌà àas€to€what€the€sentence€was€what€they€ought€to€do€isÌà àchange€the€law€so€that€a€sentence€is€what€it€says€it€is.Ìà àThree€years€is€three€years€or€15€years€is€15€years€andÌà ànot€1.77€years.Ìà à€€€€€I€cannot€find€that€the€court€has€committed€error.€€TheÌà àcourt€as€well€as€it€could€brought€its€concerns€to€theÌà àattention€of€trial€counsel.€€The€court€changed€the€lawÌà àor€changed€or€„€„€did€not€follow€œthe€instructions›Ìà àin€the€statute€in€an€effort€to€make€sure€that€the€juryÌà àconsidered€only€the€matters€that€touched€upon€theÌà àdefendantððs€guilt€or€innocence.€€So€I€do€not€knowÌà àany€more€that€the€court€could€do.€.€.€.Ìà à€€€€The€court€will€ask,€gentlemen,€as€an€exhibit€toÌà àthis€proceeding€since€you€all€did€not€introduce„„Ìà àthat€the€sentencing€range€by€class€which€was€givenÌà àto€the€court€by€the€Department€of€Corrections€datedÌà à6„29„94€which€I€would€ask€that€a€copy€of€that€be€madeÌà àan€exhibit€to€these€proceedings€so€that€the€court€ofÌà àappeals€will€know€from€whence€those€numbers€came€from.ÌÌà à€€€€€.€.€.ÌÌÌà à€€€€€There€are„„€the€sentencing€issues€will€be€an€interestingÌà àmatter€for€the€court€of€appeals€to€address.€€We€attemptedÌà àto€get€a€case€that€was€perhaps€not€quite€as€serious€as€thisÌà àone€to€frame€these€issues€so€that€they€could€rule€upon€Ìà àthat€statute.€€I€do€not€believe€however€that€the€statute„„Ìà àin€the€courtððs€mind€the€statute€has€some€severe€problemsÌà àbut€the€court€did€not€follow€the€statute€in€itððs€[sic]€chargeÌà àto€the€jury.Ìà àÌÌÓÓà àThis€Court€has€held€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995)Ïis€constitutional.€€See€Section€IV€for€that€discussion.ÌÌà àWith€respect€to€the€jury€charge€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995),€the€trial€judgeððs€comments€while€hearing€pretrial€motionsÏfollow:ÌÓÓà à€€€€€THE€COURT:€You€are€aware€that€the€legislature€in€theirÌà àtruth€in€sentencing€requires€the€court€to€charge€on€the€firstÌà àpossible€time€that€a€person€could€be€released.€€That€is€whatÌ€à àthe€court€has€been€doing€on€„„€I€know€on€a€recent€case€that€we€Ìà àhad€that€was€an€aggravated€assault€case€it€worked€out€to€likeÌà à51€days.€€I€want€you€to€be€aware€that€is€what€the€courtÌà àcharges.€€I€break€mine€down€in€days.€€I€think€it€is€easierÌà àto€understand€than€.1€years.Ìà à€€€€€MR.€MASSEY:€Yes,€sir,€I€understand€that.€€While€weÌà àare€on€jury€instructions,€Judge,€if€you€donððt€mind€meÌà àasking€would€there€be€a€point€in€time€where€defenseÌà àcounsel€could€get€a€copy€of€what€you€would€beÌà àcharging?Ìà à€€€€€THE€COURT:€Yes,€somewhere€close€to€the€Stateððs€caseÌà àthe€court€will€provide€both€parties€with€a€proposed€charge.€€Ìà àOf€course€a€lot€of€things€at€that€juncture€I€donððt€know€how€to€Ìà àcharge.€€Whether€your€client€is€going€to€take€the€stand€orÌà ànot,€but€generally€after€the€close€of€the€Stateððs€case€IÌà àam€in€a€position€to€formulate€a€proposed€charge€which€IÌà àwill€give€both€parties€a€rough€draft€copy€to€inspect€andÌà àmost€of€the€time€depending€upon€progress€of€the€trial€IÌà àwill€provide€the€parties€with€a€final€draft€before€it€is€Ìà àcharged€to€the€jury.Ìà à€€€€€MR.€MASSEY:€Yes,€sir.€€As€far€as€requested€chargesÌà àjust€so€I€donððt€miss€any€deadlines€I€know€if€we€have€anyÌà àis€it€the€courtððs€preference€that€we€go€ahead€and€get€theÌà àrequested€charges€filed€immediately€so€that€you€couldÌà àsee€what€we€were€requesting?€€I€looked€at€the€localÌà àrules.€€I€didnððt€see€anything€in€there€about€instructions.Ìà à€€€€€THE€COURT:€There€used€to€be€a€local€rule€hereÌà àthat€you€had€to€have€those€in€within€five€daysÌà àpreceding€the€trial.€€I€understand€that€during€the€courseÌà àof€the€trial€that€things€change.€€I€do€not€require€thatÌà àany€more€since€I€have€the€use€of€a€computer€system€Ìà àit€is€not€as€onerous€on€the€trial€court€to€develop€a€setÌà àof€charges.Ìà à€€€€€If€it€is€something€„„€I€would€appreciate€and€it€is€notÌà àrequired„„€if€it€is€something€that„„€especially€if€you€wantÌà àto€deviate€from€the€pattern€jury€instructions€that€youÌà àfile€those€in€advance€if€you€can€to€give€me€anÌà àopportunity€to€do€a€little€research€before€the€courtÌà àmakes€a€ruling€on€that.Ìà à€€€€€I€also€charge€for€your€information€if€you€want€toÌà àstart€looking€now,€I€generally€charge€the€plainÌà àlanguage€charges€that€you€will€find€in€the€mostÌà àrecent€addition€[sic]€of€the€pattern€jury€instructions.à àÓÓÌà àThe€Tennessee€Pattern€Jury€Instructionœ× ƒ2 ××  ×›,€Criminal€No.€43.11€for€theÏrange€of€punishment€follows:ÌÓÓà à€€€€€The€jury€will€not€attempt€to€fix€any€sentence.€€However,€Ìà àyou€may€weigh€and€consider€the€meaning€of€a€sentence€of€Ìà àimprisonment.€€The€range€of€punishment€for€the€crime(s)Ìà àinvolved€herein€is€as€follows:ÌÌà à€€€€€(Charge€range€of€punishment€as€set€forth€in€the€Ìà à€€€€€Sentencing€Act.)ÌÌà à€€€€€You€are€further€informed€that€the€minimum€number€of€Ìà àyears€a€person€sentenced€to€imprisonment€for€(this/these)€Ìà àoffense(s)€€must€serve€before€reaching€the€earliest€releaseÌà àeligibility€date€is:ÌÌà à€€€€€(Insert€appropriate€minimum€sentence€as€set€forth€by€Ìà à€€€€€the€Department€of€Correction€grid.)ÌÌà à€€€€€òòWhether€a€defendant€is€actually€released€from€incarcerationÌà àon€the€date€when€first€eligible€for€release€is€a€discretionary€Ìà àdecision€made€by€the€Board€of€Parole€and€is€based€on€manyÌà àfactors.€€The€Board€of€Parole€has€the€authority€to€require€aÌà àdefendant€to€serve€the€entire€sentence€imposed€by€the€Court.ÌóóÌÓÓÌ(emphasis€added).Ìà àIn€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€the€trial€courtððs€instruction€to€the€jury€regardingÏranges€of€punishment€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.Ï1995)€follows:ÌÓÓà à€€€€€The€Jury€will€not€attempt€to€fix€any€punishment€or€sentence,Ìà àas€by€law€this€is€a€matter€that€now€addresses€itself€to€the€Court.Ìà àHowever,€for€you€[sic]€information€only,€you€are€informed€thatÌà àthe€ranges€of€punishment€as€to€the€crimes€involved€herein€areÌà àas€follows:Ìà à€€€€€As€to€the€offense€of€Murder€in€the€First€Degree,€thisÌà àoffense€is€punishable€by€imprisonment€in€the€penitentiary€forÌà àlife.€€The€minimum€number€of€years€a€person€sentenced€toÌà àimprisonment€for€the€offense€of€Murder€in€the€First€DegreeÌà àmust€serve€before€reaching€his€earliest€release€eligibilityÌà àdate€is€25€years.Ìà à€€€€€As€to€the€offense€of€Murder€in€the€Second€Degree,€this€Ìà àoffense€is€punishable€by€imprisonment€in€the€penitentiaryÌà àfor€a€determinate€sentence€of€not€less€than€fifteen€(15)€yearsÌà ànor€more€than€twenty„five€(25)€years€and€in€addition€thereto,€theÌà àJury€may€impose€a€fine€in€any€amount€not€greater€than€fiftyÌà àthousand€dollars€($50,000).€€The€minimum€number€of€yearsÌà àa€person€sentenced€to€imprisonment€for€the€offense€of€MurderÌà àin€the€Second€Degree€must€serve€before€reaching€his€earliestÌà àrelease€eligibility€date€is€1.77€years.Ìà à€€€€€As€to€the€offense€of€Voluntary€Manslaughter,€this€offense€isÌà àpunishable€by€imprisonment€in€the€penitentiary€for€a€determinateÌà àsentence€of€not€less€than€three€(3)€years€nor€more€than€six€(6)Ìà àyears€and€in€addition€thereto,€the€Jury€may€impose€a€fine€in€anyÌà àamount€not€greater€than€ten€thousand€dollars€($10,000).€€The€Ìà àminimum€number€of€days€a€person€sentenced€to€imprisonmentÌà àfor€the€offense€of€Voluntary€Manslaughter€must€serve€beforeÌà àreaching€his€earliest€release€eligibility€date€is€138€days.ÌÌÌÓÓà àThis€Court€addressed€a€similar€question€regarding€a€jury€instructionÏpursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„201(b)(1),€„(b)(2)(A)(I)€in€òòState€v.€Kingóó,ÏNo.€œ02C01›„9601„CR„00032€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€Oct.€22,€1996),€òòperm.óóÏòòapp.óó€òògrantedóó,€(Tenn.€œMar.€10,€1997).›€The€jury€instruction€given€in€that€caseÏfollows:ÌÓÓà à€€€€€The€jury€will€not€attempt€to€fix€any€punishment€or€sentenceÌà à€for€these€offenses.€€However,€for€your€information€only,€you€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€are€informed€that€the€ranges€of€punishment€as€to€the€offensesÌà àare€as€follows:ÌÌà à€€€€€AGGRAVATED€BURGLARY„„imprisonment€for€not€less€Ìà àthat€[sic]€three€(3)€years€nor€more€than€fifteen€(15)€years.ÌÌà à€€€€€You€are€further€informed€that€the€minimum€number€of€Ìà àyears€a€person€sentenced€to€imprisonment€for€these€offensesÌà àmust€serve€before€reaching€the€earliest€release€eligibilityÌà àdate€(RED)€is:ÌÌà à€€€€€€€€€€AGGRAVATED€BURGLARY€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€3€YEARSÌà à€€€€€€€€€€RED€%€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€30%Ìà à€€€€€€€€€€RED€%€APPLIED€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€0.90€yrs.Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€W/MAX€CREDITS€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€0.59€yrs.Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€SAFETY€VALVE€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€0.54€yrs.Ìà à€€€€€€€€€SAFETY€VALVE€&€MAX€CREDITS€€€€€€€0.35€yrs.ÌÌà à€€€€€Whether€a€defendant€is€actually€released€from€Ìà àincarceration€on€the€date€when€first€eligible€for€release€isÌà àa€discretionary€decision€made€by€the€Board€of€Paroles€andÌà àis€based€on€many€factors.€€The€Board€of€Paroles€has€theÌà àauthority€to€require€a€defendant€to€serve€the€entireÌà àsentence€imposed€by€the€Court.Ìà àÓÓÌà àThis€Court€held€in€òòKingóó€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€its€jury€instruction,€Ìfinding€that€ð ð[œt]he›€trial€court€followed€the€requirements€of€the€applicable€statuteÏas€to€what€must€be€included€in€an€instruction€considering€punishment€of€aÏdefendant.ðð€òòId.óó€at€*3.ÌÌà àA€defendant€has€a€constitutional€right€to€a€correct€and€complete€charge€ofÏthe€law.€€òòState€v.€œTeel›óó,€793€S.W.2d€236,€249€(Tenn.€1990).€€€A€defendant€has€aÏright€to€have€every€issue€of€fact€raised€by€the€evidence€and€material€to€his€or€herÏdefense€submitted€to€the€jury€on€proper€instructions.€€òòPoe€v.€Stateóó,€370€S.W.2dÏ488,€489€(Tenn.€1963).€€€This€Court€must€review€the€entire€charge€and€onlyÏinvalidate€it€if,€when€read€as€a€whole,€it€fails€to€fairly€submit€the€legal€issues€orÏmislead€the€jury€as€to€the€applicable€law.€€òòState€v.€œPhipps›óó,€883€S.W.2d€138,€142Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€ÌÌà àBased€upon€the€record€before€us,€the€trial€court€obviously€believed€thatÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(Supp.€1995)€was€unconstitutional,€and€as€theÏappellant€noted€in€his€brief€and€as€the€trial€court€stated€in€its€own€comments,€theÏtrial€court€attempted€to€ð ðcorrectðð€the€statute.€€However,€in€its€attempt€to€ð ðcorrectððÏthe€statute,€the€trial€court€failed€to€give€a€correct€and€complete€jury€instructionÏpursuant€to€the€statute€or€Tennessee€Pattern€Jury€Instruction,€Criminal€No.Ï43.11€regarding€the€range€of€punishment.ÌÌà àUnlike€the€trial€court€in€òòKingóó,€€the€trial€court€in€this€case€failed€to€chargeÏthe€jury€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)(2)(A)(ii),€a€provision€of€theÏstatute€beneficial€to€the€appellant.€€This€subdivision€of€the€statute,€whenÍincluded€with€the€other€information€required€by€the€statute,€clearly€indicates€thatÏwhether€an€individual€is€released€from€incarceration€on€his€earliest€releaseÏeligibility€date€is€ð ða€discretionary€decision€made€by€the€board€of€paroles.ðð€€ToÏcompletely€delete€this€subdivision€of€the€statute€from€the€jury€instructionÏundoubtedly€gives€an€inaccurate€statement€of€the€law€and€misleads€the€juryÏregarding€the€likelihood€of€when€a€defendant€would€be€released.€€Also,€the€trialÏcourt,€unlike€the€court€in€òòKingóó,€stated€òòonlyóó€the€lowest€number€in€the€grid€(i.e.,€theÏnumber€of€years,€including€€the€safety€valve€and€maximum€credits€if€applied)€asÏthe€earliest€release€eligibility€date.€€Consequently,€œI›€conclude€that€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€its€instruction€to€the€jury€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„201(b)Ï(Supp.€1995)€because€the€jury€instruction€misled€the€jury€as€to€the€applicableÏlaw.ÌÌà àœI€must›€note€that€€the€trial€court€in€òòKingóó€not€only€included€the€subdivision€inÏthe€statute€that€states€whether€a€defendant€is€actually€released€fromÏincarceration€is€a€discretionary€decision€by€the€Board€of€Parole€based€on€manyÏfactors,€but€also€included€all€the€information€provided€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection€grid,€thereby€giving€a€far€more€accurate€picture€of€the€defendantððsÏlikelihood€of€release€from€incarceration€than€did€the€jury€instruction€given€in€thisÏcase.ÌÌà àWith€respect€to€the€stateððs€contention€that€this€issue€is€waived€and€that€theÏjury€instruction€was€ð ðat€worst€incomplete,ðð€œI€must›€note€that€the€appellantððs€failureÏto€raise€this€issue€in€his€motion€for€new€trial€does€not€waive€this€issue.€€ThisÍCourt€may,€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€52(b),€noticeÏð ð[œa]n›€error€which€has€affected€the€substantial€rights€of€an€accused€.€.€.€at€anyÏtime,€even€though€not€raised€in€the€motion€for€a€new€trial€or€assigned€as€error€onÏappeal,€in€the€discretion€of€the€appellate€court€where€necessary€to€doÏsubstantial€justice.ðð€€Because€the€jury€instruction€as€given€failed€to€conform€toÏthe€statute€or€the€pattern€jury€instruction€and€thereby€misled€the€jury€as€to€theÏapplicable€law,€œI›€find€plain€error€in€the€jury€instruction.€€Having€found€plain€error,ÏœI,›€therefore,€need€not€address€the€issue€of€€impeaching€the€juryððs€verdict.ÌÌÓ  ÓVIII.€€ConclusionÌÌÓ  Óà àœWe›€respectfully€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€and€order€that€theÏappellant€be€granted€a€new€trial.ÌÌÌÇÓÓÓ` ¸ pÓà àà ààQ àà à______________________________Ìà àà ààQ àà àPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌœ(Separate€Concurring€Opinion)›Ìœ______________________________›ÌDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌœ(Separate€Concurring€Opinion)›Ìœ______________________________›ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JudgeÔ€)ÔÌà àÔ€.ÔÌà àÌÌÔ  ÔÔ  Ô