ÿWPC  ÁÕ|Z„h¦eBÏ®;¸Ö¦]Ìä+°¸oä!‹.v}²×8>¶'B1©)Âr „–NÂBÑ—ºGeì/¯l´üÝ+ÅÇ—eÿÝSq=¸L}c„¤a¶˜bÂÿvPX · i®(ŒÄØë–™{þžì0­–›Š ¹µÒ(U3¸tÀj*&ˆÛ=}›^¹w²pŸV—©§ÿøÒgL:4;ý»J‹ÿ‡.¨A\…"]·tuôueØ¢cáf3E¸>À²—ö¦°)/éJõÙ)¼ˆ‘^ ˜Hð±qhœMz~œ×ûK˜ðtËþø=—˜3´ù ¥ yûÞ¡%Šj¶Vm®ø¨2!ÂËÜ^>©(<ÛàSéq<´2³ì賺)³6Ñz,yožA(ì4,pmŠ‚V”¥ëfül‰¯‘G+^çϺ‡7 ý»YñÒ!_å‹Mfãúz~%œå{1@ìíBA‚ªª¤o ä;¼÷® ;ã*åJ ¾Çã䈡D2Ê,Ì÷RñìTÄvgMά¼=¨ßËp3 ÜÈã£ò^#X¤öæ•–Êô¹]­ì/Þ¥—"i£ÙÞ´ ±»¬“Ý‘qVnk/¦©g¸ÿ#¿”m¾¡óFC'c-b#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ U.N· w 4 z Ò— i x mz ‘ Æ™ Æ_ Æ% Æë UN±NÿU>U@?EÉ 0DJJ‰ŽŽ|b““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““ 0ë›››› B†† 0¤£ D5G D-| 0K©© ASôÆG 0¤  0D± A«õ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»Ö¦r-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular3j1,.bkXÒ¥ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regularô\  `‹&Times New Roman(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman  ¿Ý ƒRIË$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôã•ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAlthough€the€majority€of€the€testimony€at€the€post„conviction€hearing€involved€the€Petitionerððs€competency,Ð ° Ðthe€issue€was€not€addressed€in€either€partyððs€brief.€€Furthermore,€there€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€before€us€that€theÐ tÄ ÐPetitioner€was€not€competent€to€stand€trial.€€(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ý ƒRIË$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôã•ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAlthough€a€transcript€of€the€trial€was€not€included€in€the€record€on€appeal,€we€may,€as€the€Petitioner€points€out,Ð ° Ðtake€judicial€notice€of€the€records€of€our€Court.€€òòSeeóó€òòDelbridge€v.€Stateóó,€742€S.W.2d€266,€267€(Tenn.€1987).€€ rÝ ƒRIË$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôã•ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔPetitioner€does€raise€in€one€pleading€the€claim€that€witness€Emily€Nealy€was€not€designated€an€accomplice,Ð ° Ðwhich€is€a€separate€issue€that€the€Petitioner€also€failed€to€present€to€the€post„conviction€court€for€determination.€- ù-(|G2IË$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€I»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôã•ò»»Ô d(|3†$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€I»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3†$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€I»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€I»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼I»»»ÔÑ8€‘XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îJlIÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼I»îîJl #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓFebruary€26,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X‘X»¼IÔÌò òÔ#†¼I»XX‘ÿ#ÔòòMILTON€LEE€COOPERóó€v.€òòóóSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEÔ‡X‘X»¼IÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€227342€€€€€€Stephen€M.€Ô_ÔBevilÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½ ` AßÐ ¾   ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2001„01527„CCA„R3„PC€Ð ¹  ÐNovember€18,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓA€Hamilton€County€jury€convicted€the€Petitioner€of€first€degree€felony€murder€and€conspiracy€toÐ ŒÜ  Ðcommit€aggravated€robbery.€€The€Petitioner€was€sentenced€to€life€imprisonment€for€the€murderÐ xÈ  Ðconviction€and€to€eight€years€incarceration€for€the€conspiracy€conviction.€€This€Court€affirmed€theÐ d´ Ðconvictions,€and€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€denied€permission€to€appeal.€€The€Petitioner€thenÐ P  Ðfiled€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief€alleging€that€he€received€ineffective€assistance€of€counselÐ <Œ Ðat€trial€and€on€direct€appeal.€€Specifically,€the€Petitioner€alleged€that€counsel:€(1)€failed€to€requestÐ (x Ðan€alibi€instruction€at€trial;€(2)€failed€to€raise€the€alibi€instruction€issue€on€direct€appeal;€and€(3)€failedÐ d Ðto€challenge€an€erroneous€accomplice€instruction€at€trial€and€on€appeal.Ô#†¼I»XX‘x#ÔÔ‡X‘X»¼IÔ€€Also,€the€Petitioner€allegedÐ P Ðthat€the€trial€court:€(1)Ô#†¼I»XX‘#ÔÔ‡X‘X»¼IÔ€failed€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€defense€of€alibi,€thus€violating€the€PetitionerððsÐ ì< Ðdue€process€rights€and€his€right€to€a€jury€trial;€and€(2)€failed€to€instruct€the€jury€on€ð ðthe€natural€andÐ Ø( Ðprobable€consequences€rule.ðð€€Following€a€hearing,€the€post„conviction€court€denied€the€petition€forÐ Ä Ðpost„conviction€relief,€and€this€appeal€ensued.€€Finding€no€error,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€post„Ð ° Ðconviction€court.€€Ð œì ÐÓÌÓÌò òà @ àTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ tÄ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼I»àX‘ #ÔÔ‡X‘X.¼IÔRobert€W.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smithóó€and€òòJamesÐ L œ ÐÔ_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÌRobert€L.€Ô_ÔJolleyÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€Knoxville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Milton€Lee€Cooper.Ð #`" ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Ô_ÔAngeleÔ_Ô€M.€Gregory,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð è$8 $ ÐWilliam€H.€Cox,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€Christopher€D.€Poole,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ Ô%$!% ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð À&"& ÐÓÒ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼I»XX‘ #ÔÔ‡X‘X»¼IÔÐ ˜(è#( ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼I»XX‘^#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X‘X»¼IÔÓÓà@ìàò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óˆÐ p*À%* Ðà@°°&ìàA.€TrialˆÐ H,˜',ýà ÐÔ_ÔÓÓà  àOn€direct€appeal,€this€Court€summarized€the€relevant€facts€of€the€underlying€case€as€follows:Ð ° ÐÌà8  àà ` àShortly€before€11:00€p.m.€on€April€13,€1994,€Edward€Ray€Horner€was€Ð ˆØ Ðworking€as€a€clerk€at€the€Golden€Gallon€convenience€store€in€Red€Bank.€€Two€menÐ tÄ Ðentered€the€store.€€One€man€wore€an€athletic€starter€jacket€and€white€cap.€€The€otherÐ `° Ðman,€wearing€a€bulky€jacket€and€a€ski€mask,€engaged€in€a€struggle€with€Mr.€HornerÐ L œ Ðwhich€resulted€in€his€receiving€a€shotgun€wound€to€his€abdomen.€€He€died€a€shortÐ 8 ˆ Ðtime€later.€€The€crime€was€captured€in€part€on€surveillance€cameras,€which€showedÐ $ t Ðthat€a€number€of€items€on€the€front€sales€counter€were€disarranged€and/or€had€fallenÐ  ` Ðonto€the€floor.€€The€shooting€also€was€witnessed€by€a€customer,€but€he€was€unableÐ ü L  Ðto€provide€a€description€of€the€shooter.€Ðè 8 Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àAs€a€result€of€the€publicity€received€after€the€shooting,€an€individual€cameÐ Ô$  Ðforward€and€provided€the€police€with€information€about€her€niece,€Emily€Nealy,€andÐ À  ÐNealyððs€boyfriend,€Senneca€Harris.€€Further€interviews€led€police€to€other€personsÐ ¬ü  Ðultimately€identified€as€being€involved€in€the€murder,€including€the€[Petitioner],Ð ˜è  ÐMilton€Lee€Cooper.€Ð„Ô Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àThree€individuals€involved€in€the€events€testified€against€the€[Petitioner]€atÐ pÀ Ðhis€trial:€Emily€Nealy,€Timothy€Gamble,€and€Odis€Lawson,€Jr.€€At€the€time€of€trialÐ \¬ ÐGamble€had€already€entered€a€plea€of€guilty€to€being€an€accessory€after€the€fact€andÐ H˜ ÐOdis€Lawson€had€pled€guilty€to€criminal€responsibility€for€facilitation€of€first€degreeÐ 4„ Ðmurder.€€Nealy,€a€juvenile,€had€neither€been€charged€nor€reached€any€agreement€withÐ  p Ðthe€state€when€she€testified.€€The€two€men€had€prior€criminal€convictions,€and€EmilyÐ  \ ÐNealy€had€a€prior€juvenile€record.€ÐøHÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àAccording€to€the€testimony€of€these€three€individuals,€they€all€lived€in€orÐ ä4 Ðaround€the€Westside€projects€in€Hamilton€County,€Tennessee.€€Early€on€April€13,Ð Ð  Ð1994,€[the€Petitioner],€Timothy€Gamble,€and€Senneca€Harris€decided€to€go€toÐ ¼  ÐHamilton€Place€Mall€and€snatch€a€purse.€€They€used€a€car€belonging€to€theÐ ¨ø Ð[Petitioner]ððs€girlfriend,€Felicia€Tremell.€€They€asked€Emily€Nealy,€Harrisðð€girlfriend,Ð ”ä Ðto€follow€them€in€her€automobile€and€act€as€a€distraction€so€that€they€could€moreÐ €Ð Ðeasily€rob€their€victims.€€Nealy€followed€the€three€men€in€a€separate€car.€€On€the€wayÐ l¼ Ðto€the€mall€she€changed€her€mind€and€returned€to€the€Westside€projects.€€The€threeÐ X ¨ Ðmen€continued,€however,€and€did€rob€an€elderly€woman€of€her€purse.€€During€thisÐ D!” Ðincident€Timothy€Gamble€drove€the€car€and€Senneca€Harris€snatched€the€purse.€[TheÐ 0"€  ÐPetitioner]€remained€in€the€back€seat€of€the€car.€€The€three€then€returned€to€WestsideÐ #l! Ðand€parked€the€car€by€a€dumpster€several€blocks€from€the€projects.€Ð$X"Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àBecause€Cooper€had€used€her€car€in€the€robbery,€he€told€his€girlfriend,€FeliciaÐ ô$D # ÐTremell,€that€her€car€had€been€stolen.€€She€called€and€reported€that€fact€to€the€police.Ð à%0!$ ÐWhile€Tremell€waited€to€speak€to€officers,€the€other€individuals€left€the€vicinity.€ÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àLater€that€evening€[the€Petitioner]€Cooper,€Nealy,€Harris,€Gamble€andÐ ¸'#& ÐLawson€congregated€again€in€Nealy's€Mazda€in€a€parking€lot€near€the€projects.€€TheyÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdrank€beer,€smoked€marijuana,€and€began€discussing€whether€to€commit€armedÐ )à$( Ðâ ârobberies.€€Harris€had€with€him€a€black€athletic€starter€jacket.€€At€one€point€[theÐ |*Ì%) ÐPetitioner]€went€to€his€house€and€returned€to€the€car€with€a€jacket€and€a€sawed-offÐ ° Ðshotgun.€ÐœìÐ Ð  Ðâ âà8  àà ` àThe€group€then€traveled€toward€Hixson.€€They€went€to€a€Conoco€gas€stationÐ ˆØ Ðon€Main€Street€and€purchased€more€beer.€€They€proceeded€to€drive€by€other€gasÐ tÄ Ðstations€as€well,€and€Lawson€went€into€one€store.€€However,€they€observed€noÐ `° Ðpotential€robbery€victims.€€At€some€point€Nealy€again€decided€that€she€did€not€wishÐ L œ Ðto€be€involved€in€the€plan€and€was€let€out€of€her€car€near€the€river.€€She€washed€offÐ 8 ˆ Ðin€the€river€and€then€walked€around€and€waited€on€the€riverbank€for€the€group€toÐ $ t Ðreturn€and€pick€her€up.€Ð `Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àAt€about€10:15€p.m.€a€black€male€wearing€a€black€Raiders€starter€jacket€andÐ ü L  Ðball€cap€entered€a€Golden€Gallon€convenience€store€where€Sandra€White€worked€asÐ è 8  Ða€clerk.€€Lawson€testified€that€he€was€the€man€and€that€he€borrowed€the€jacket€fromÐ Ô$  ÐHarris€because€his€own€jacket€had€a€distinctive€symbol€on€it.€€White€testified€at€trialÐ À  Ðand€identified€a€photograph€of€Lawson.€€She€stated€that€Lawson€looked€around€theÐ ¬ü  Ðstore,€informed€her€that€he€could€find€no€Red€Bull€beer,€and€asked€her€to€check€theÐ ˜è  Ðcooler.€€White,€being€scared€and€suspicious,€motioned€toward€a€van€just€entering€theÐ „Ô  Ðparking€lot€and€told€Lawson€that€her€ð ðfriendsðð€were€coming.€€Lawson€asked€her€aboutÐ pÀ Ðwhat€market€might€stock€Red€Bull€beer,€and€she€immediately€gave€him€directions€toÐ \¬ Ðanother€Golden€Gallon€store.€ÐH˜Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àThe€individuals€then€drove€to€the€Golden€Gallon€store€at€which€Edward€RayÐ 4„ ÐHorner€was€working.€€They€parked€the€car€and€Odis€Lawson€went€toward€the€store.Ð  p ÐShortly€thereafter€he€returned€to€the€car€and€indicated€that€there€were€few€peopleÐ  \ Ðinside€and€no€police€in€the€vicinity.€€At€that€point€[the€Petitioner],€carrying€hisÐ øH Ðsawed-off€shotgun,€exited€the€car€with€Senneca€Harris€and€headed€toward€the€store.Ð ä4 Ð[The€Petitioner]€also€took€his€jacket,€which€he€normally€wore€inside-out.€€Harris€wasÐ Ð  Ðwearing€his€own€starter€athletic€jacket€and€a€white€cap.€€[The€Petitioner]€and€HarrisÐ ¼  Ðentered€the€Golden€Gallon€store.€€One€eyewitness€saw€the€shooting€but€could€notÐ ¨ø Ðidentify€the€shooter.€€Surveillance€camera€photographs€showed€a€male€in€a€ski€maskÐ ”ä Ðand€a€jacket€later€identified€as€[the€Petitioner]ððs.€€That€male€engaged€in€a€struggleÐ €Ð Ðwith€Horner€and€shot€him.€€Officers€who€arrived€on€the€scene€later€found€that€itemsÐ l¼ Ðon€the€front€sales€counter€were€moved€around€and€knocked€to€the€floor.€ÐX ¨Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à[The€Petitioner],€still€holding€the€shotgun,€ran€with€Harris€back€to€the€car€andÐ D!” Ðtold€Gamble€and€Lawson€to€hurry.€€According€to€Gamble€and€Lawson,€both€menÐ 0"€  Ðseemed€nervous.€€Gamble€testified€that€Harris€asked€[the€Petitioner]€ð ðWhy€did€youÐ #l! Ðshoot€him?ðð.€€Lawson€drove€the€car€away.€€The€group€then€picked€up€Nealy€at€theÐ $X" Ðriver,€and€returned€to€the€Westside€projects.€€According€to€Lawson,€the€[Petitioner]Ð ô$D # Ðpulled€the€gun€and€his€jacket€out€of€the€car,€left,€and€then€returned€without€the€twoÐ à%0!$ Ðitems.€€The€group€then€dispersed.€ÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  ÐòòState€v.€Milton€Lee€Cooperóó,€No.€03C01„9706„CR„00202,€1998€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€923,€atÐ ¸'#& Ð**2„7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Sept.€9,€1998).Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðà@€ € ìàB.€€Hearing€on€the€Petition€for€Post„Conviction€ReliefˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€following€testimony€was€presented€at€the€hearing€on€the€petition€for€post„convictionÐ ˆØ Ðrelief:€€The€Petitioner,€Milton€Cooper,€testified€that€Robert€Meeks€and€Phillip€Duval€represented€himÐ tÄ Ðduring€his€trial.€€He€stated€that€prior€to€trial,€he€spoke€with€his€attorneys€and€gave€them€the€namesÐ `° Ðof€witnesses€who€would€testify€that€they€were€with€him€at€the€time€the€crime€was€committed€and€whoÐ L œ Ðcould€provide€him€with€an€alibi.€€He€testified€that€one€of€the€witnesses,€Mr.€Fuquay,€was€called€toÐ 8 ˆ Ðtestify€at€trial.€€The€Petitioner€reported€that€he€brought€other€witnesses€to€court,€but€his€attorneys€didÐ $ t Ðnot€call€them€as€witnesses.€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àThe€Petitioner€acknowledged€that€when€he€was€ð ðlittleðð€and€ð ðway€before€this€caseðð€he€wasÐ è 8  Ðtreated€for€mental€illness.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€Petitioner€testified€that€he€had€a€ð ðsuicide€problemðð€and€a€ð ðpeerÐ Ô$  Ðpressureðð€problem.€€He€stated€he€was€treated€for€ð ða€lot€of€things.ðð€€The€Petitioner€stated€that€he€hadÐ À  Ðbeen€treated€for€mental€illness€on€more€than€one€occasion€as€a€result€of€being€in€the€juvenile€courtÐ ¬ü  Ðsystem€for€criminal€activity.€€He€also€reported€that€he€had€been€kept€overnight€in€mental€institutionsÐ ˜è  Ða€ð ðwhole€bunch€of€times.ðð€€The€Petitioner€testified€that€he€did€not€discuss€his€mental€health€issuesÐ „Ô  Ðwith€his€attorneys€prior€to€this€trial.€€He€recalled,€ð ðWe€didnððt€talk€about€it,€we€just€bring€it€up€and€itÐ pÀ Ðwas€over€with.ðð€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€Petitioner€testified€that€at€his€sentencing€hearing,€three€of€his€school€counselors€testifiedÐ 4„ Ðabout€his€mental€condition.€€He€stated€that€his€mother€gave€his€attorneys€the€names€of€the€counselors.€Ð  p ÐThe€Petitioner€testified€that€he€did€not€recall€talking€with€his€attorneys€about€whether€he€wasÐ  \ Ðcompetent€or€whether€he€understood€enough€about€a€trial€to€be€held€responsible€for€the€crimes€in€thisÐ øH Ðcase.€€He€testified€that€his€attorneys€did€not€ask€him€if€he€had€any€mental€problems.€€The€PetitionerÐ ä4 Ðstated€that€he€did€not€discuss€with€his€attorneys€the€possibility€of€having€a€mental€competencyÐ Ð  Ðhearing€prior€to€trial.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€the€Petitioner€stated€that€he€met€with€his€attorneys€two€or€three€timesÐ ”ä Ðprior€to€trial€and€that€during€the€meetings,€his€attorneys€explained€to€him€what€kind€of€case€he€wasÐ €Ð Ðfacing.€€He€stated€that€he€did€ð ðnot€reallyðð€understand€the€charges.€€The€Petitioner€claimed€that€at€firstÐ l¼ Ðhe€thought€he€was€being€charged€with€violating€house€arrest.€€He€testified€that€he€knew€what€offensesÐ X ¨ Ðhe€was€charged€with€when€he€was€booked.€€The€Petitioner€reported€that€he€testified€at€his€sentencingÐ D!” Ðhearing€and€that€his€defense€was€that€he€had€nothing€to€do€with€the€offense.€€€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àPhillip€Duval,€one€of€the€Petitionerððs€attorneys€at€trial,€testified€that€he€could€not€recall€hisÐ $X" Ðdiscussions€with€the€Petitioner€regarding€any€competency€issues;€however,€he€noted€that€he€hadÐ ô$D # Ðð ðnumerous€conferences€and€meetingsðð€with€the€Petitioner.€€He€also€testified€that€the€attorneys€wereÐ à%0!$ Ðin€contact€with€the€Petitionerððs€mother€and€the€Petitionerððs€girlfriend€on€ð ðmany€occasions,ðð€and€thereÐ Ì&"% Ðwas€never€an€issue€raised€regarding€whether€the€Petitioner€was€competent€to€stand€trial.€€DuvalÐ ¸'#& Ðtestified€that€he€did€not€notice€anything€about€the€Petitionerððs€ability€to€communicate€that€would€haveÐ ° Ðput€them€on€notice€of€any€mental€issues.€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àThe€defense€asked€Duval€how€information€was€developed€from€the€Petitionerððs€schoolÐ tÄ Ðcounselors€about€the€Petitioner€being€diagnosed€as€mentally€retarded.€€Duval€responded€that€that€partÐ `° Ðof€the€case€was€handled€by€Robert€Meeks.€€He€stated€that€Meeks€ð ðgot€appointed€later€on€into€the€caseÐ L œ Ðand€that€was€something€that€he€worked€on.ðð€€Duval€stated€that€he€was€not€aware€of€any€pretrialÐ 8 ˆ Ðinterviews€that€were€conducted€with€the€Petitionerððs€school€counselors€or€whether€any€mental€healthÐ $ t Ðrecords€were€gathered€prior€to€trial.€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àRegarding€the€alibi€issue,€Duval€testified€that€he€discussed€with€the€Petitioner€the€possibilityÐ è 8  Ðof€presenting€evidence€that€the€Petitioner€was€not€at€the€scene€of€the€offense.€€According€to€Duval,Ð Ô$  Ðthe€Petitioner€ð ðmade€available€for€[counsel]€several€people€whom€he€believed€would€serve€as€alibiÐ À  Ðwitnesses€and€[counsel]€talked€to€everyone€that€[the€Petitioner]€wanted€[them]€to€talk€to.ðð€€DuvalÐ ¬ü  Ðadmitted€that€it€did€not€occur€to€him€to€specifically€ask€for€a€jury€instruction€regarding€an€alibi.€Ð ˜è  ÐHowever,€he€felt€ð ðcertain€that€there€must€have€been€an€instruction€regarding€[the]€credibility€ofÐ „Ô  Ðwitnesses.ðð€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Duval€testified€that€he€had€been€practicing€law€for€about€twenty„fiveÐ H˜ Ðyears€and€that€he€had€been€practicing€criminal€law€for€about€twenty„two€years.€€He€stated€that€he€hadÐ 4„ Ðhad€ð ðquite€a€fewðð€jury€trials€and€that€he€had€defended€persons€accused€of€murder€in€jury€trials.€€DuvalÐ  p Ðtestified€that€he€met€with€the€Petitioner€ð ðmany,€many,€many€times.ðð€€He€reported€that€he€spent€ð ð[a]Ð  \ Ðlot€of€timeðð€working€on€the€Petitionerððs€trial.€€€Duval€maintained€that€he€never€had€any€problemsÐ øH Ðcommunicating€with€the€Petitioner.€€He€stated,€ð ð[The€Petitioner]€was€aware€of€the€case,€aware€of€theÐ ä4 Ðfacts,€aware€of€the€evidence€against€him.ðð€€Duval€testified€that€the€Petitioner€ð ðmissed€a€fewÐ Ð  Ðappointments€with€[him],€but€[the€Petitioner]€made€a€lot€of€appointments€with€[Duval].ðð€€HeÐ ¼  Ðmaintained€that€he€did€not€have€any€reason€to€think€that€the€Petitioner€might€be€incompetent€orÐ ¨ø Ðunable€to€aid€in€his€defense.€€Duval€stated€that€the€Petitioner€ð ðunderstood€what€was€going€on€and€heÐ ”ä Ðwas€quite€helpful€.€.€.€in€working€on€the€case.ðð€€Duval€testified€that€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€theÐ €Ð ÐPetitioner€testified€effectively€and€was€sentenced€only€to€life€instead€of€life€without€the€possibilityÐ l¼ Ðof€parole.€€Duval€stated€that€he€did€not€handle€the€Petitionerððs€appeal,€so€he€did€not€know€what€issuesÐ X ¨ Ðwere€raised€on€appeal.€€Ð D!” ÐÌà@éé$ìàò òII.€€Analysisó óˆÐ #l! ÐÌà@½ ½ ìàA.€Post€Conviction€Standard€of€ReviewˆÐ ô$D # ÐÌÔ‡X‘XXX‘Ôà  àIn€order€to€obtain€post„conviction€relief,€a€petitioner€must€show€that€his€or€her€conviction€orÐ Ì&"% Ðsentence€is€void€or€voidable€because€of€the€abridgment€of€a€constitutional€right.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ¸'#& Ððð€40„30„203.€€The€petitioner€bears€the€burden€of€proving€factual€allegations€in€the€petition€for€post„Ð ¤(ô#' Ðconviction€relief€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„30„210(f).€Ô#†X‘XXX‘íM#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘Ô€A€post„conviction€courtððsÐ )à$( Ðfactual€findings€are€subject€to€a€òòdeóóòò€òòóónovoóó€review€by€this€Court;€however,€we€must€accord€these€factualÐ |*Ì%) Ðfindings€a€presumption€of€correctness,€which€is€overcome€only€when€a€preponderance€of€theÐ h+¸&* Ðevidence€is€contrary€to€the€post„conviction€courtððs€factual€findings.€€òòFields€v.€Stateóó,€40€S.W.3d€450,Ð ° Ð456€(Tenn.€2001).€€A€post„conviction€courtððs€conclusions€of€law€are€subject€to€a€purely€òòdeòòóó€óóòònovoóóÐ œì Ðreview€by€this€Court,€with€no€presumption€of€correctness.€€òòId.óó€at€457.€€Ô#†X‘XXX‘öO#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘ÔThe€Tennessee€Supreme€CourtÐ ˆØ Ðhas€held€that€the€issue€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€is€a€mixed€question€of€law€and€fact€and,Ð tÄ Ðas€such,€is€subject€to€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review.€€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.€1999).òòóóÔ#†X‘XXX‘¿R#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘Ô€Ô#†X‘XXX‘T#Ôò òó óÐ `° ÐÌà@¶¶ìàB.€Post€Conviction€WaiverˆÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àWe€also€note€that€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„30„206(g)€contains€provisions€governingÐ  ` Ðthe€waiver€of€post„conviction€allegations.€€According€to€this€statute:Ð ü L  Ðà8  àA€ground€for€relief€is€waived€if€the€petitioner€personally€or€through€an€attorney€failedÐ è 8  Ðto€present€it€for€determination€in€any€proceeding€before€a€court€of€competentÐ Ô$  Ðjurisdiction€in€which€the€ground€could€have€been€presented€unless:€ÐÀ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€(1)€€The€claim€for€relief€is€based€upon€a€constitutional€right€not€recognized€asÐ ¬ü  Ðexisting€at€the€time€of€trial€if€either€the€federal€or€state€constitution€requiresÐ ˜è  Ðretroactive€application€of€that€right;€or€Ð„Ô Ð Ð  Ðà8  à€€€(2)€€The€failure€to€present€the€ground€was€the€result€of€state€action€in€violation€ofÐ pÀ Ðthe€federal€or€state€constitution.€Ð\¬Ð Ð  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„206(g).Ð H˜ ÐÌà@BBìàC.€Jury€Instruction€on€Alibi€DefenseˆÐ  p ÐÌà  àThe€Petitioner€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€defenseÐ øH Ðof€alibi.€€A€trial€court€has€the€affirmative€duty€to€instruct€the€jury€on€every€issue€raised€by€the€proof,Ð ä4 Ðincluding€the€accusedððs€theory€of€defense,€and€specifically€including€alibi.€€òòPoe€v.€Stateóó,€370€S.W.2dÐ Ð  Ð488,€491€(Tenn.€1963).€€The€trial€court€must€instruct€the€jury€on€the€defense€of€alibi€when€it€is€ð ðfairlyÐ ¼  Ðraisedðð€by€the€evidence.€€òòManning€v.€Stateóó,€500€S.W.2d€913,€915€(Tenn.€1973).€€This€duty€existsÐ ¨ø Ðirrespective€of€a€request€for€the€instruction€by€the€defendant.€€òòPoeóó,€370€S.W.2d€at€491.€€Alibi€is€fairlyÐ ”ä Ðraised€in€the€following€instances:€(1)€where€the€defendantððs€alibi€has€been€corroborated€by€otherÐ €Ð Ðcredible€witnesses,€(2)€where€the€victim€has€been€unable€to€identify€the€defendant,€and€(3)€where€theÐ l¼ Ðproof€against€the€defendant€is€wholly€circumstantial.€€òòManningóó,€500€S.W.2d.€at€916.€€The€failure€toÐ X ¨ Ðcharge€the€jury€with€the€defense€of€alibi€when€it€has€been€fairly€raised€by€credible€evidence€isÐ D!” Ðreversible€error.€òòóó€òòMoffitt€v.€Stateóó,€29€S.W.3d€51,€57€(Tenn€Crim.€App.€1999);€òòState€v.€John€A.Ð 0"€  ÐBoatfieldóó,€No.€E2000„01500„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€955,€at€*45€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð #l! ÐApp.,€Knoxville,€Dec.€20,€2001).€€òòóóÐ $X" ÐÌà  àWe€note€that€the€Petitionerððs€challenge€to€the€jury€instructions€is€waived€because€he€failedÐ à%0!$ Ðto€raise€the€issue€on€direct€appeal.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„206(g).€€However,€because€theÐ Ì&"% ÐPetitioner€also€claims€that€his€trial€counsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€to€request€an€alibi€instruction,Ð ¸'#& Ðwe€will€address€the€alibi€instruction€issue€in€that€context.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó€òòFred€Edmond€Dean€v.€Stateóó,€No.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐE1998„00135„CCA„R3„PC,€2000€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€283,€at€*7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,Ð )à$( ÐMar.€31,€2000).€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà@ìàD.€€Ineffective€Assistance€of€CounselˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€Petitioner€argues€that€his€trial€and€appellate€counsel€were€ineffective.€€Specifically,€heÐ ˆØ Ðargues€that€trial€counsel€failed€to€make€a€special€request€for€an€alibi€instruction€and€that€appellateÐ tÄ Ðcounsel€failed€on€direct€appeal€to€raise€the€issue€of€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€give€an€alibi€instruction.€Ð `° ÐThe€Petitioner€also€argues€that€trial€counsel€failed€to€challenge€the€trial€courtððs€allegedly€erroneousÐ L œ Ðinstruction€to€the€jury€regarding€accomplice€corroboration€and€that€appellate€counsel€failed€to€raiseÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€issue€on€direct€appeal.€Ô‡X‘XXX‘ÔÐ $ t ÐÔ#†X‘XXX‘æd#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘ÔÌà  àThe€right€of€a€criminally€accused€to€representation€is€guaranteed€by€both€the€SixthÐ ü L  ÐAmendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€I,€Section€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€Ð è 8  ÐòòId.óó;€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€€This€right€to€representation€includes€theÐ Ô$  Ðright€to€ð ðreasonably€effectiveðð€assistance.€€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€461.€€òòóóIn€reviewing€a€claim€ofÐ À  Ðineffective€assistance€of€counsel,€this€Court€must€determine€whether€the€advice€given€or€servicesÐ ¬ü  Ðrendered€by€the€attorney€are€within€the€range€of€competence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.€Ð ˜è  ÐòòBaxteróó,€523€S.W.2d€at€936.€€To€prevail€on€a€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel,€a€petitionerÐ „Ô  Ðmust€show€that€ð ðcounselððs€representation€fell€below€an€objective€standard€of€reasonableness,ððÐ pÀ ÐòòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,€688€(1984),€and€that€this€performance€prejudiced€theÐ \¬ Ðdefense,€resulting€in€a€failure€to€produce€a€reliable€result.€€òòId.óó€at€687òòóó;€òòCooper€v.€Stateóó,€849€S.W.2dÐ H˜ Ð744,€747€(Tenn.1993).€€To€satisfy€the€requirement€of€prejudice,€a€petitioner€must€show€a€reasonableÐ 4„ Ðprobability€that,€but€for€counselððs€unreasonable€error,€the€fact€finder€would€have€had€reasonableÐ  p Ðdoubt€regarding€the€petitionerððs€guilt.€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€695.€€This€reasonable€probability€mustÐ  \ Ðbe€ð ðsufficient€to€undermine€confidence€in€the€outcome.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€694;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòHarris€v.€Stateóó,€875Ð øH ÐS.W.2d€662,€665€(Tenn.€1994).Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àWhen€evaluating€an€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€claim,€the€reviewing€court€should€judgeÐ ¼  Ðthe€attorneyððs€performance€within€the€context€of€the€case€as€a€whole,€taking€into€account€all€relevantÐ ¨ø Ðcircumstances.€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€690òòóó;€òòState€v.€Mitchellóó,€753€S.W.2d€148,€149€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ”ä ÐApp.€1988).€€The€reviewing€court€must€evaluate€the€questionable€conduct€from€the€attorneyððsÐ €Ð Ðperspective€at€the€time.€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€690;€òòCooperóó,€849€S.W.2d€at€746;€òòHellard€v.€Stateóó,Ð l¼ Ð629€S.W.2d€4,€9€(Tenn.€1982).€€In€doing€so,€the€reviewing€court€must€be€highly€deferential€andÐ X ¨ Ðð ðshould€indulge€a€strong€presumption€that€counselððs€conduct€falls€within€the€wide€range€ofÐ D!” Ðreasonable€professional€assistance.ðð€€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€462.€€Counsel€should€not€be€deemed€to€haveÐ 0"€  Ðbeen€ineffective€merely€because€a€different€procedure€or€strategy€might€have€produced€a€differentÐ #l! Ðresult.€€òòWilliams€v.€Stateóó,€599€S.W.2d€276,€279„80€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980).à x àÐ $X" ÐÌà@Š Š ìà1.€Ineffectiveness€of€Trial€Counsel€Regarding€Alibi€DefenseˆÐ à%0!$ ÐÌÔ#†X‘XXX‘>e#Ôà  àThe€Petitioner€argues€that€his€trial€attorneys€were€ineffective€for€failing€to€request€that€theÐ ¸'#& Ðtrial€court€instruct€the€jury€on€the€subject€of€alibi.€€The€post„conviction€court€determined€that€an€alibiÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdefense€was€not€fairly€raised€by€the€evidence€at€trial,€thus€the€Petitionerððs€trial€attorneys€were€notÐ )à$( Ðineffective€for€failing€to€request€an€alibi€instruction.€€After€a€careful€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€trialÐ |*Ì%) Ðrecord€and€the€findings€of€the€post„conviction€court,€we€agree€with€the€post„conviction€court.€€Ð h+¸&* Їà  àFrom€our€review€of€the€trial€record,€we€note€that€the€testimony€purporting€to€establish€an€alibiÐ ° Ðfor€the€Petitioner€was€presented€by€Lee€Fuquay.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Fuquay€testified€at€trial€that€on€April€13,€1994,€heÐ œì Ðworked€at€Beeððs€Restaurant€until€8:30€p.m.€€He€recalled€that€after€work,€he€and€Antonio€FosterÐ ˆØ Ðstopped€by€a€store€to€buy€beer€and€cigarettes€and€then€went€to€the€Defendantððs€house€around€9:00Ð tÄ Ðp.m.€€Fuquay€testified€that€he€told€the€Defendant€that€they€were€going€to€the€home€of€a€person€namedÐ `° ÐJoAnn.€€According€to€Fuquay,€the€Defendant€stated,€ð ðIððll€meet€you„all€around€there.ðð€€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àFuquay€testified€that€as€soon€as€they€parked€at€JoAnnððs€place,€the€Defendant€ð ðwas€comingÐ $ t Ðthrough€the€front€doorðð€and€that€is€when€they€ð ðstarted€drinking.ðð€€He€stated€that€JoAnnððs€house€isÐ  ` Ðabout€a€two€or€three„minute€walk€from€Felecia€Tremellððs€house,€where€the€Defendant€was€living€atÐ ü L  Ðthe€time.€€Fuquay€testified€that€they€ð ðjust€drank€and€listened€to€music€and€stood€out€on€the€porchððÐ è 8  Ðat€JoAnnððs€house.€€He€testified€that€he€left€JoAnnððs€house€around€3:30€a.m.,€and€the€Defendant€wasÐ Ô$  Ðstill€there.€€Ð À  ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Fuquay€testified€that€at€the€time€of€trial,€he€had€known€the€DefendantÐ ˜è  Ðfor€about€two€and€a€half€years.€€He€stated€that€when€he€first€arrived€at€the€Defendantððs€place,€theÐ „Ô  ÐDefendant€told€him€that€his€car€had€been€stolen.€€According€to€Fuquay,€the€Defendant€stated€that€heÐ pÀ Ðreported€the€stolen€car€to€police.€€He€stated€that€he€was€inside€JoAnnððs€house€when€the€DefendantÐ \¬ Ðarrived.€€Fuquay€testified€that€when€the€Defendant€arrived,€Antonio€Foster,€JoAnn,€and€a€ð ðwhiteÐ H˜ Ðgirl[]ðð€were€also€there.€€Fuquay€testified€that€they€drank€ð ðabout€four€or€five€quartsðð€that€evening.€€HeÐ 4„ Ðstated€that€at€the€time,€JoAnn€and€Odis€Lawson€were€dating.€€He€maintained€that€the€Defendant€wasÐ  p Ðstill€at€JoAnnððs€house€when€he€left€around€3:30€a.m.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€post„conviction€court,€in€determining€that€an€alibi€defense€was€not€fairly€raised€by€theÐ ä4 Ðevidence,€stated€the€following:Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àNow,€the€other€issue€is€the€alibi€issue€which€is€brought€up,€and€I€was€lookingÐ ¼  Ðover€that.€€There€was€really€overwhelming€proof€in€this€case€of€[the€Petitionerððs]Ð ¨ø Ðguilt.€€There€were€a€number€of€the€co„defendants€who€were€over€there€with€him€at€theÐ ”ä Ðstore€when€this€occurred.€€One€of€them€testified€he€went€in€with€a€shotgun,€they€wentÐ €Ð Ðby€the€house€and€stopped€and€he€picked€up€the€shotgun€and€the€jacket.€€This€was€anÐ l¼ Ðunusual€jacket,€because€everybody€testified€he€wore€it€inside€out.€€The€jacket€was€onÐ X ¨ Ðthe€videotape,€the€co„defendants€identified€the€jacket.€€Even€Felicia€Trammel€[sic],Ð D!” Ðhis€girlfriend,€was€called€to€come€in,€the€mother€of€his€child€was€called€to€testify.€Ð 0"€  ÐShe€identified€the€jacket€as€being€his,€the€jacket€that€was€introduced€and€identifiedÐ #l! Ðas€the€one€that€the€person€was€wearing.Ð$X"Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àShe€also€said€that€her€car€was€stolen,€she€reported€it€stolen,€then€later€foundÐ ô$D # Ðout€it€wasnððt€stolen,€that€[the€Petitioner]€told€her€to€say€it€was€stolen.€€So€she€wasnððtÐ à%0!$ Ða€very€helpful€witness,€but€she€corroborated€what€the€co„defendants€had€said.ÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àThere€was€no€proof€whatsoever€to€support€an€alibi€defense,€except€for€the€oneÐ ¸'#& Ðwitness,€Lee€Fuqua,€that€the€defense€called.€€He€knew€the€[Petitioner]€and€he€knewÐ ¤(ô#' ÐO.J.,€Otis€Lawson,€the€other€co„defendant€in€the€case.€€Said€he€got€off€from€work€andÐ ° Ðwent€to€the€[Petitionerððs]€house,€that€they€were€going€to€ð ðkick€it,ðð€started€drinking€atÐ œì ÐJoanneððs€house€about€9:00,€they€listened€to€music,€stayed€around€and€they€left€aboutÐ ˆØ Ðthree.€€He€was€cross„examined€from€the€fact€„€„€of€course,€he€admitted€that€O.J.€wasÐ tÄ Ða€member€of€a€gang,€had€the€Cript€signs€on€his€arms€and€talked€about€the€originalÐ `° Ðgangsters.€€And€he,€of€course,€talked€about€[the€Petitioner],€the€fact€that€he€and€O.J.Ð L œ Ðdidnððt€like€each€other.Ð8 ˆÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àHe€talked€about€[the€Petitioner],€on€cross„examination,€was€living€withÐ $ t ÐFelicia€at€the€time,€who€was€the€mother€of€his€child,€and€he€was€[a]€close€friend€ofÐ  ` Ð[the€Petitionerððs].€€And€there€was€some€question€about€the€period€of€time,€how€muchÐ ü L  Ðtime€he€was€with€him,€and€whether€this€covered€the€entire€period€of€time€or€whetherÐ è 8  Ðit€only€covered€a€short€period€of€time.ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àBased€upon€that€one€witness,€this€court€did€not€feel€that€the€defense€fairlyÐ À  Ðraised€the€issue€of€alibi.€€It€was€very€ambiguous,€this€one€witness,€and€in€light€of€theÐ ¬ü  Ðoverwhelming€proof€that€the€[S]tate€had€as€to€[the€Petitionerððs]€presence,Ð ˜è  Ðidentification€of€the€jacket,€his€participation€in€this€crime,€the€corroboratingÐ „Ô  Ðtestimony€about€his€part€in€it,€I€just€feel€like€that€that€alibi€defense,€through€this€oneÐ pÀ Ðwitness€who€was€not€real€clear€and€it€did€not€cover€the€entire€„€„€I€just€did€not€feel€thatÐ \¬ Ðthe€issue€was€fairly€raised,€so,€therefore,€I€felt€like€there€was€no€need€to€charge€theÐ H˜ Ðjury€on€alibi.€€Ð4„Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àWe€agree€with€the€post„conviction€court€that€the€defense€of€alibi€was€not€fairly€raised€by€theÐ  \ Ðevidence.€€Fuquay€was€the€only€witness€that€testified€regarding€the€Petitionerððs€possible€alibi.€€HeÐ øH Ðstated€that€he€met€the€Petitioner€around€9:00€p.m.€on€the€night€of€the€offense€and€that€when€he€leftÐ ä4 Ðthe€house€where€they€had€been€ð ðkick[ing]€itðð€around€3:30€a.m.€the€next€morning,€the€Petitioner€wasÐ Ð  Ðstill€there.€€Thus,€Fuquay€purports€to€outline€a€time€period€covering€more€than€six€and€one„halfÐ ¼  Ðhours.€€However,€Fuquay€did€not€testify€that€he€was€with€the€Petitioner€at€11:00€p.m.,€when€theÐ ¨ø Ðoffense€was€committed.€€Nor€does€Fuquay€ever€state€that€he€was€with€the€Petitioner€or€that€theÐ ”ä ÐPetitioner€was€physically€in€his€presence€for€the€entire€period€of€time€that€he€describes.€€In€addition,Ð €Ð ÐFuquay€admitted€that€he€had€been€drinking€that€evening.€€Finally,€during€cross„examination,€FuquayÐ l¼ Ðstated€that€he€often€associated€with€the€same€group€of€people,€which€included€the€Petitioner,€at€aboutÐ X ¨ Ðthe€same€time€of€day.€€He€claimed€to€remember€that€day€in€particular€because€the€Petitioner€told€himÐ D!” Ðthat€his€car€had€been€stolen.€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àWhile€we€agree€with€Petitionerððs€assertion€in€his€reply€brief€that€the€determination€of€whichÐ $X" Ðwitnesses€to€believe€when€an€alibi€defense€is€raised€is€for€the€jury€to€determine€under€properÐ ô$D # Ðinstructions,€the€trial€court€must€first€determine€whether€or€not€an€alibi€defense€has€been€fairly€raised.Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThe€post„conviction€court€determined€that€insufficient€evidence€was€presented€at€trial€toÐ ¸'#& Ðð ðfairly€raiseðð€an€alibi€defense.€€We€agree.€€Therefore,€it€logically€follows€that€the€Petitioner€did€notÐ ¤(ô#' Ðmeet€his€burden€of€proving€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence€that€his€trial€attorneys€were€ineffectiveÐ )à$( Ðfor€failing€to€request€an€alibi€instruction.€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àThe€Petitioner€has€also€failed€to€prove€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence€that€the€allegedÐ ° Ðineffectiveness€of€his€attorneys€in€failing€to€request€an€alibi€instruction€resulted€in€prejudice€to€him.€Ð œì ÐThe€evidence€of€the€Petitionerððs€guilt€was€overwhelming.€€In€our€view,€the€Petitioner€has€failed€toÐ ˆØ Ðshow€a€reasonable€probability€that€had€his€trial€attorneys€requested€an€alibi€instruction€(and€assumingÐ tÄ Ðthe€trial€court€would€have€granted€the€request),€the€jury€would€have€had€reasonable€doubt€regardingÐ `° Ðthe€Petitionerððs€guilt.€€òòSeeóó€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€695.€€In€our€view,€the€Petitioner€has€failed€to€showÐ L œ Ða€reasonable€probability€of€reasonable€doubt€ð ðsufficient€to€undermine€confidence€in€the€outcome.ðð€Ð 8 ˆ ÐòòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€694.€€Therefore,€the€Petitioner€has€failed€to€satisfy€the€ð ðprejudice€prongðð€of€òòStricklandóó.Ð $ t ÐÌÔ‡X‘XXX‘Ôà@¯ ¯ ìà2.€€Ineffectiveness€of€Appellate€Counsel€Regarding€Alibi€DefenseˆÐ ü L  ÐÌÔ#†X‘XXX‘F™#Ôà  àThe€Petitioner€also€argues€that€appellate€counsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€to€raise€on€directÐ Ô$  Ðappeal€the€issue€of€an€alibi€instruction.€€The€same€principles€apply€in€determining€the€effectivenessÐ À  Ðof€both€trial€and€appellate€counsel.€€òòCampbell€v.€Stateóó,€904€S.W.2d€594,€596€(Tenn.€1995).€Ð ¬ü  ÐÔ‡X‘XXX‘ÔHowever,€this€issue€was€not€argued€at€the€post„conviction€hearing,€and€no€evidence€was€presentedÐ ˜è  Ðat€that€hearing€to€support€this€claim.€€Thus,€this€issue€was€not€ruled€on€by€the€post„conviction€courtÐ „Ô  Ðand€is€not€properly€before€our€Court.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„206(g);€òòTorry€Caldwell€v.€Stateóó,Ð pÀ ÐNo.€01C01„9703„CC„00115,€1999€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€154,€at€*7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð \¬ ÐNashville,€Feb.€18,€1999).€€Ô#†X‘XXX‘b›#ÔÐ H˜ ÐÌà  àIn€our€view,€even€if€this€issue€were€properly€before€us,€it€has€no€merit.€€Because€the€alibiÐ  p Ðissue€was€not€fairly€raised€at€trial€and€because€counselððs€decision€regarding€which€issues€to€raise€onÐ  \ Ðdirect€appeal€is€a€strategic€one,€we€do€not€find€merit€in€the€Petitionerððs€argument€that€his€appellateÐ øH Ðcounsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€to€raise€the€alibi€issue€on€direct€appeal.Ð ä4 ÐÌà@®®ìà3.€€Ineffectiveness€of€Trial€and€Appellate€Counsel€Regarding€Accomplice€InstructionˆÐ ¼  ÐÌà  àNext,€the€Petitioner€argues€that€his€trial€attorneys€were€ineffective€by€failing€to€challenge€theÐ ”ä Ðtrial€courtððs€instruction€to€the€jury€regarding€accomplice€testimony€and€that€appellate€counsel€wasÐ €Ð Ðineffective€for€failing€to€raise€the€issue€on€direct€appeal.€€Ô‡X‘XXX‘ÔSpecifically,€the€Petitioner€argues€that€theÐ l¼ Ðtrial€court€failed€to€declare€three€of€the€witnesses€to€be€accomplices€as€a€matter€of€law.€€The€trialÐ X ¨ Ðcourt€gave€the€following€jury€instruction€regarding€accomplices:Ð D!” Ðà8  àà ` àAn€accomplice€is€a€person€who€joins€another€person€in€committing€a€crime.€Ð 0"€  ÐThe€accomplice€must€do€so€knowingly,€voluntarily,€and€sharing€the€intent€of€the€otherÐ #l! Ðperson€in€doing€the€crime.€€In€this€case€it€is€a€question€for€you€to€determine€whetherÐ $X" Ðthe€witnesses€Senneca€Harris,€Timothy€Gamble,€and€Odis€Lee€Lawson,€Jr.,€wereÐ ô$D # Ðaccomplices€in€this€alleged€crime.Ðà%0!$Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àThe€testimony€of€an€accomplice€by€itself€cannot€convict€the€defendant.€€TheÐ Ì&"% Ðaccompliceððs€testimony€must€be€supported€by€other€evidence.€€This€other€evidenceÐ ¸'#& Ðmust€independently€lead€to€the€conclusion€that€a€crime€was€committed€and€that€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdefendant€was€involved€in€it.€€This€other€supporting€evidence€must€connect€theÐ )à$( Ðdefendant€to€the€crime.€€The€supporting€evidence€may€be€direct€or€circumstantial€andÐ |*Ì%) Ðit€need€not€be€sufficient€by€itself€to€justify€a€conviction.€€The€supporting€evidence€isÐ h+¸&* Ðenough€if€it€fairly€and€legitimately€tends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€the€crimeÐ ° Ðcharged.€€It€is€for€you,€the€jury,€to€decide€whether€an€accompliceððs€testimony€has€beenÐ œì Ðsufficiently€supported€by€other€evidence.Ô#†X‘XXX‘H¡#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘ÔЈØÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àA€criminal€defendant€cannot€be€convicted€solely€on€the€uncorroborated€testimony€of€anÐ `° Ðaccomplice.€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.€1994).€€Ô#†X‘XXX‘¨#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘ÔAn€accomplice€is€a€person€whoÐ L œ Ðknowingly,€voluntarily€and€with€a€common€intent€unites€with€the€principal€offender€in€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðcommission€of€a€crime.€€òòState€v.€Allenóó,€976€S.W.2d€661,€666€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).Ô#†X‘XXX‘%©#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘Ô€Ô#†X‘XXX‘aª#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘Ô€Ô#†X‘XXX‘¤ª#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘ÔIn€òòBethanyÐ $ t Ðv.€Stateóó,€this€Court€stated:Ð  ` Ðà8  àThe€question€of€who€determines€whether€a€person€is€an€accomplice€depends€upon€theÐ ü L  Ðfacts€of€each€case.€€When€the€facts€of€a€witnessðð€participation€in€a€crime€are€clear€andÐ è 8  Ðundisputed,€it€is€a€question€of€law€for€the€court€to€decide.€€When€such€facts€are€inÐ Ô$  Ðdispute€or€susceptible€of€an€inference€that€a€witness€may€or€may€not€be€anÐ À  Ðaccomplice,€it€then€becomes€a€question€of€fact€for€the€jury€to€decide.Ьü Ð Ð  Ð565€S.W.2d€900,€903€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978);€òòState€v.€Lawsonóó,€794€S.W.2d€363,€369€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ˜è  ÐApp.€1990).Ô#†X‘XXX‘çª#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘Ô€€Whether€the€testimony€of€an€accomplice€has€been€sufficiently€corroborated€is€a€questionÐ „Ô  Ðfor€the€jury.€€òòState€v.€Heflinóó,€15€S.W.3d€519,€524€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€However,€corroboratingÐ pÀ Ðevidence€need€not€be€sufficient€in€and€of€itself€to€support€a€conviction,€but€it€must€fairly€connect€theÐ \¬ Ðdefendant€with€the€commission€of€the€crime.€€òòState€v.€Gayloróó,€862€S.W.2d€546,€552€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð H˜ ÐApp.€1992).€€Ô#†X‘XXX‘®#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘Ô€Ô#†X‘XXX‘C°#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘ÔÐ 4„ ÐÌÔ#†X‘XXX‘†°#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘Ôà  àWe€conclude€that€the€Petitioner€has€waived€this€issue€because€he€failed€to€raise€it€in€any€ofÐ  \ Ðhis€post„conviction€pleadings.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„206(g).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€In€addition,€no€evidence€onÐ øH Ðthis€issue€was€presented€at€the€post„conviction€hearing,€and€the€post„conviction€court€did€not€makeÐ ä4 Ða€ruling.€€Thus,€this€issue€is€not€properly€before€our€Court.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àHowever,€even€if€this€issue€were€properly€before€us,€we€find€it€to€be€without€merit.€€WeÐ ¨ø Ðconclude€that€sufficient€evidence€was€presented€to€corroborate€the€testimony€of€the€accomplices,€andÐ ”ä Ðthus,€the€Petitioner€was€not€prejudiced.€€The€offense€was€captured€in€part€on€surveillance€cameras,Ð €Ð Ðand€the€man€who€committed€the€crime€was€wearing€an€unusual€jacket,€which€was€later€identified€byÐ l¼ Ðthe€Petitionerððs€girlfriend,€Felicia€Tremell,€as€belonging€to€the€Petitioner.€€The€man€wearing€theÐ X ¨ Ðunusual€jacket€struggled€with€the€victim€and€shot€him.€€Sufficient€evidence€was€presented€at€trial€toÐ D!” Ðcorroborate€the€testimony€of€the€accomplices€in€this€case.€€Ô#†X‘XXX‘Þ°#ÔÔ‡X‘XXX‘ÔÐ 0"€  ÐÌà@ê ê ìàE.€€Natural€and€Probable€Consequences€RuleˆÐ $X" ÐÌà  àThe€Petitioner€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€natural€andÐ à%0!$ Ðprobable€consequences€rule€as€part€of€the€instruction€on€criminal€responsibility€for€the€acts€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðanother,€and€that€the€jury€thus€did€not€consider€an€essential€element€of€the€Stateððs€theory€of€criminalÐ ¸'#& Ðresponsibility.€€The€natural€and€probable€consequences€rule€ð ðunderlies€the€doctrine€of€criminalÐ ¤(ô#' Ðresponsibility€and€is€based€on€the€recognition€that€aiders€and€abettors€should€be€responsible€for€theÐ ° Ðcriminal€harms€they€have€naturally,€probably€and€foreseeably€put€into€motion.ðð€€òòState€v.€Howardóó,€30Ð œì ÐS.W.3d€271,€276€(Tenn.€2000).€€Ô#†X‘XXX‘I¶#ÔThis€issue€is€waived€because€the€Petitioner€failed€to€raise€it€on€directÐ ˆØ Ðappeal.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„206(g).€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.Ð L œ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ü L  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àROBERT€W.€WEDEMEYER,€JUDGEÐ è 8  ÐÌÌà8  à