ÿWPCN !¨>œ€£·9ý¡ÿR%›qí(às—â§ê] ØKn‹A­gqGP¶"Í^xoòtDtA8¨üû¬|šºãt$%ÜG`¬{fà%‡õþI4*ô“3O^a%ùéÍð(—Âv™yFÚw°àû@ß^>ã{§šƒ÷|c°~ ú{æ³È”±œAÞãóÄô )ÔØ?:”ÆÑ4I‘‘Š>¨÷„oBxû`»Ÿš´cœXöš ñ·»!b®T#¥tr© ÐèÓƈ´÷ÕšéXÖ™¯êѾz•×Özc—¿Ëáø:ŸK2ª×ÉíS §¨U=‚è.ØZdÎM#8a‘ŠdÜ‘eXWd´høR¿óʼT“}>dQ>JjD+ñ“‚#ÿ9/Ø>@ÖÅ2̽åþøÅúsÖ3t«ó®¦x;×}Xwz^/-gY‡ÆÑ8Ræ~ö÷ÁØ3x—c6u_‰ãA裬Z fé$žQƒdjÅ sŒ#0ç`l<ˆ¡eQ!‚K§C(2"üðŠVº¥*¹ß”YÈ}ÈîöÝA>ç. r+N.)˜ –÷|{C:ºnó±\ (Ñ×KÅGh<&†¢gÇ^¨G[‡ÉHôäËã&’ Fà¬æË’¡ÖóÒxv)b#Á\ % N# 0ˆ% U N­ û û z Ò} zO ÒÉ ^ › w§ Æ« Æq Æ7Æý4ÃN×ÙèEê mìU @bCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 0ëKKKK B66 0¤S D3÷ D-* 0KWW AS¢Æõ 0¤» 0D_ A«£˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptæjA-s Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 53j1,x¨bkŒ¾¢3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman - ù-(|G2$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôð¥ò»»Ô d(|3‡z$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3‡z$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼[»»»ÔÑ8€ AXXdì»»d8ÑÔ€¼[»»¼[Ôà@ttìàÔ‡î'ó[ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼[»îî'ó+#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAugust€20,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X AX»¼[ÔÌò òÔ#†¼[»XX A4#ÔNATASHA€W.€Ô_ÔCORNETTÔ_Ôòòóó€v.€STATE€OF€TENNESSEEÔ‡X AX»¼[Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Greene€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€01€CR€120€€€€€€James€E.€Ô_ÔBecknerÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2002„00034„CCA„R3„PCÐ ¥õ  ÐSeptember€30,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€petitioner,€Natasha€W.€Ô_ÔCornettÔ_Ô,€appeals€the€trial€court's€denial€of€post„conviction€relief.€€TheÐ xÈ  Ðissues€presented€for€our€review€are€(1)€whether€the€petitioner€properly€waived€her€right€to€a€jury€trialÐ d´ Ðat€sentencing;€(2)€whether€her€guilty€pleas€to€three€counts€of€first€degree€murder,€one€count€ofÐ P  Ðattempted€first€degree€murder,€two€counts€of€especially€aggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,€two€counts€ofÐ <Œ Ðaggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,€and€one€count€of€theft€over€$1,000€were€knowingly€and€voluntarily€entered;Ð (x ÐÔ#†¼[»XX AÈ#ÔÔ‡X AX»¼[Ôand€(3)€whether€the€petitioner€was€denied€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel.€€The€judgment€isÐ d Ðaffirmed.Ð P ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ Ø( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼[»àX Aø#ÔÔ‡X AX.¼[ÔGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ôóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJames€Ô_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.óó,€andÐ ° ÐòòRobert€W.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌSusanna€L.€Thomas,€Newport,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Natasha€W.€Ô_ÔCornettÔ_Ô.€Ð tÄ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Mark€A.€Ô_ÔFulksÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€andÐ L œ ÐÔ_ÔGarrettÔ_Ô€Christiansen,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÓ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼[»XX A@ #ÔÐ #`" ÐÌÓ  ÓÔ€X AX»¼[Ôà  àOn€August€6,€1997,€Vidar€Ô_ÔLillelidÔ_Ô,€his€wife,€Ô_ÔDelphinaÔ_Ô,€and€their€six„year„old€daughter,Ð %^ $ ÐTabitha,€were€murdered€near€an€interstate€rest€stop€in€Greene€County.€€Two„year„old€Peter€Ô_ÔLillelidÔ_ÔÐ ú%J!% Ðsuffered€two€life„threatening€gunshot€wounds,€one€of€which€caused€the€loss€of€an€eye.€€Just€beforeÐ æ&6"& Ðtheir€scheduled€trials,€the€petitioner€and€her€co„defendants,€Karen€Howell,€Crystal€Ô_ÔSturgillÔ_Ô,€JosephÐ Ò'"#' ÐÔ_ÔRisnerÔ_Ô,€Dean€Mullins,€and€Jason€Bryant,€each€entered€pleas€of€guilt€to€the€attempted€murder€of€PeterÐ ¾($( ÐÔ_ÔLillelidÔ_Ô€and€to€the€first€degree€murders€of€Vidar,€Ô_ÔDelphinaÔ_Ô,€and€Tabitha€Ô_ÔLillelidÔ_Ô.€€The€petitioner€andÐ ª)ú$) Ðeach€of€the€other€defendants€also€pled€guilty€to€two€counts€of€especially€aggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,€twoÐ –*æ%* Ðcounts€of€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,€and€one€count€of€theft€of€property€valued€at€between€$1,000€and€$10,000.€€InÐ ‚+Ò&+ Ðexchange€for€the€pleas€of€guilt,€the€state€withdrew€its€request€for€the€imposition€of€the€death€penaltyÐ n,¾', Ðas€to€the€petitioner€and€Joseph€Ô_ÔRisnerÔ_Ô,€Dean€Mullins,€and€Crystal€Ô_ÔSturgillÔ_Ô.€€Because€Howell€andÐ Z-ª(-ý ÐÔ_ÔBryant€were€minors€at€the€time€of€offenses,€they€did€not€qualify€for€the€death€penalty.€€At€theÐ ° Ðconclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€imposed€identical€sentences€upon€each€defendantÐ œì Ðas€follows:Ð ˆØ ÐÌòòò òà  àCrimesà0 ¸ àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àSentenceó óóóÐ`°(#(# Ðà  àThree€counts€of€first€degree€murderà0 À àà0À(#À(#àLife€without€the€possibility€of€parole€ÐL œ(#(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à(consecutive)Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àAttempted€murderà0  àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#à25€years€(consecutive)Ð `(#(# ÐÌà  àTwo€counts€of€especially€aggravated€à0  àà0p(#(#à25€years€(concurrent)Ðè 8 p(#p(# Ðà  àkidnapping€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àTwo€counts€of€aggravated€kidnapping€à0  àà0p(#(#à12€years€(concurrent)Ьü p(#p(# ÐÌà  àTheft€à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àFour€years€(concurrent)Ð„Ô (#(# ÐÌà  àThe€petitioner€and€the€other€defendants€did€not€appeal€the€sentences€imposed€for€the€theft€andÐ \¬ Ðkidnapping€convictions.€€In€òòState€v.€Howellóó,€34€S.W.3d€484€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000),€this€courtÐ H˜ Ðaffirmed€the€sentences€imposed€upon€the€petitioner€for€each€of€the€three€first€degree€murderÐ 4„ Ðconvictions€and€the€attempted€murder.€€Application€for€permission€to€appeal€to€the€supreme€courtÐ  p Ðwas€denied€on€September€25,€2000.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àOn€July€19,€2001,€the€petitioner€filed€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief.€€Petitioner€assertedÐ ä4 Ðthat€her€waiver€of€a€jury€trial€did€not€comply€with€Rule€23€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€CriminalÐ Ð  ÐProcedure.€€She€generally€alleged€that€her€pleas€were€neither€knowingly€nor€voluntarily€entered€andÐ ¼  Ðthat€she€was€denied€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel.€€The€petitioner€specifically€asserted€that€sheÐ ¨ø Ðwas€coerced€into€pleading€guilty€through€misrepresentations,€breached€promises,€and€threats€by€theÐ ”ä Ðstate.€€She€complained€about€the€"all€or€nothing"€nature€of€the€state's€plea€offer€which€required€theÐ €Ð Ðconsent€and€participation€of€all€of€her€co„defendants.€€The€petitioner€contended€that€she€was€notÐ l¼ Ðmentally€sound€at€the€time€of€her€pleas€and€was€influenced€to€waive€her€constitutional€rights€by€theÐ X ¨ Ðside€effects€of€a€prescription€medication.€€She€also€argued€that€she€was€not€guilty€of€the€crimesÐ D!” Ðcharged€and€complained€that€her€counsel€failed€to€adequately€advise€her€prior€to€the€plea€of€eitherÐ 0"€  Ðthe€mental€state€required€for€the€commission€of€the€crimes€or€the€possible€sentencing€consequences.€Ð #l! ÐÌà  àAt€the€evidentiary€hearing,€it€was€established€that€attorneys€Robert€F.€Cupp€and€Stacy€StreetÐ ô$D # Ðwere€appointed€to€represent€the€petitioner.€€The€defense€team€included€a€criminal€investigator,€aÐ à%0!$ Ðmitigation€specialist,€a€criminologist,€a€psychiatrist,€and€a€psychologist.€€Attorney€Cupp€describedÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€expert€assistance€as€the€best€of€any€of€the€many€cases€in€which€he€had€been€involved.€€The€€theoryÐ ¸'#& Ðof€defense€was€to€present€the€petitioner€as€a€minor€participant€in€the€offenses.€€As€mitigation€proofÐ ¤(ô#' Ðin€the€event€of€her€conviction,€the€defense€attorneys€found€witnesses€in€the€Pikeville,€Kentucky,€areaÐ )à$( Ðwho€were€able€to€testify€on€behalf€of€the€petitioner.€€In€the€course€of€their€investigation,€the€defenseÐ |*Ì%) Ðattorneys€learned€that€the€petitioner,€when€young,€had€been€diagnosed€with€a€bipolar€disorder€andÐ h+¸&* Ðinstitutionalized€in€a€psychiatric€facility.€€Based€upon€the€guidance€of€their€mental€health€experts,Ð ° ÐAttorneys€Cupp€and€Street€determined€that€the€petitioner's€mental€problems€no€longer€existed€at€theÐ œì Ðtime€of€the€offense.€€Attorney€Cupp€confirmed€that€immediately€prior€to€trial,€the€state€offered€aÐ ˆØ Ðpackage€plea€proposal€conditioned€upon€the€petitioner€and€each€of€the€other€defendants€acceptingÐ tÄ Ðthe€terms.€€The€proposal€required€guilty€pleas€upon€each€offense€and€the€maximum€sentences€forÐ `° Ðeach€of€the€kidnapping€and€theft€charges.€€The€trial€court€was€to€determine€the€sentences€for€the€threeÐ L œ Ðfirst€degree€murders€and€the€attempted€murder.€€If€the€terms€were€acceptable€to€each€of€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðdefendants,€the€state€would€agree€to€withdraw€its€request€for€€the€death€penalty.€€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àAttorney€Cupp€testified€that€he€and€Attorney€Street€spent€approximately€nine€hours€with€theÐ ü L  Ðpetitioner€over€a€period€of€three€days€discussing€the€offenses€and€the€various€sentencing€possibilities.€Ð è 8  ÐHe€acknowledged€that€the€petitioner€did€not€appear€to€be€concerned€about€the€death€penalty€forÐ Ô$  Ðherself€and€was€primarily€motivated€to€assist€the€others€to€avoid€capital€punishment.€€Attorney€CuppÐ À  Ðtestified€that€during€discussions€immediately€before€the€guilty€plea,€the€petitioner's€demeanor€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðno€different€than€it€had€been€previously.€€He€stated€that€the€petitioner€never€claimed€to€be€under€theÐ ˜è  Ðinfluence€of€medication.€€Attorney€Cupp€described€her€decision€to€accept€the€offer€as€entirelyÐ „Ô  Ðvoluntary.€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àAttorney€Street€corroborated€the€testimony€of€his€co„counsel.€€He€testified€that€he€had€spokenÐ H˜ Ðwith€every€witness€for€the€state€and€had€examined€all€of€the€evidence€the€state€intended€to€introduceÐ 4„ Ðat€trial.€€He€confirmed€that€the€defense€theory€was€to€portray€the€petitioner€as€a€minor€participant,Ð  p Ðnot€having€fired€any€of€the€shots€which€had€either€killed€or€injured€the€victims.€€The€defense€theoryÐ  \ Ðduring€the€penalty€phase€of€the€trial€was€to€establish€that€the€petitioner€had€a€dysfunctional€family,Ð øH Ðwas€abused€from€early€childhood,€and€was€afflicted€with€mental€deficiencies€and€alcoholism.€Ð ä4 ÐAttorney€Street€recalled€that€he€had€visited€the€petitioner,€who€was€in€solitary€confinement€at€the€jail,Ð Ð  Ðat€least€two€or€three€times€a€week.€€He€was€aware€that€the€petitioner€had€been€prescribed€Haldol,€anÐ ¼  Ðanti„psychotic€drug€which€she€later€stopped€taking€because€of€its€side€effects.€€Attorney€StreetÐ ¨ø Ðbelieved€that€the€petitioner€felt€better€after€terminating€her€use€of€the€prescription€and€confirmed€thatÐ ”ä Ðthe€petitioner€did€not€reveal€that€she€had€taken€any€other€medication.€€Further,€he€was€unable€to€Ð €Ð Ðdetect€any€indication€of€mental€problems.€€Attorney€Street€acknowledged€that€he€had€advised€theÐ l¼ Ðpetitioner€prior€to€her€plea€that€it€was€his€opinion€that€the€jury€would€return€a€sentence€of€death.€€HeÐ X ¨ Ðspecifically€remembered€the€petitioner's€initial€response,€"I€don't€care€whether€I€die€or€not."€€WhileÐ D!” Ðhe€described€the€petitioner€as€reluctant,€Attorney€Street€testified€that€she€had€almost€immediatelyÐ 0"€  Ðagreed€to€the€terms€of€the€plea€offer.€€He€specifically€recalled€explaining€to€the€petitioner€that€aÐ #l! Ð"package€deal"€required€the€acceptance€of€all€defendants,€else€it€was€available€to€none.€€It€was€hisÐ $X" Ðopinion€that€the€petitioner€had€made€an€effective€witness€during€the€sentencing€hearing€and€that€aÐ ô$D # Ðsubstantial€amount€of€other€mitigating€testimony€had€been€adequately€presented€through€a€varietyÐ à%0!$ Ðof€witnesses.€€A€psychiatric€report€was€introduced€at€the€hearing€which€described€the€petitioner€asÐ Ì&"% Ða€troubled€person,€exhibiting€symptoms€of€mental€illness.€€The€report€concluded,€however,€that€sheÐ ¸'#& Ðhad€no€psychosis€and€was€not€insane€at€the€time€of€the€offenses.€€Attorney€Street€described€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðpetitioner€as€extremely€intelligent,€very€artistic,€and€articulate.€€He€confirmed€that€even€though€theÐ )à$( Ðâ âsentencing€hearing€was€approximately€one€month€after€the€guilty€pleas€and€the€testimony€at€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðhearing€lasted€a€full€week,€the€petitioner€never€expressed€any€desire€to€withdraw€her€plea€during€thatÐ ° Ðtime.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àThe€petitioner€testified€that€she€had€signed€the€plea€agreement€on€the€day€the€state€extendedÐ tÄ Ðthe€offer€but€did€not€feel€that€she€had€accepted€the€terms.€€She€stated€that€she€kept€the€documents€soÐ `° Ðthat€she€could€reconsider.€€The€petitioner€acknowledged€that€she€asked€several€questions€about€theÐ L œ Ðpossible€sentences€and€the€consequences€in€the€event€she€rejected€the€offer.€€The€petitioner€recalledÐ 8 ˆ Ðthat€she€asked€her€attorneys€to€describe€prison€life,€to€express€their€views€on€the€possibility€of€theÐ $ t Ðimposition€of€the€death€penalty,€and€to€assess€the€likelihood€of€winning€an€acquittal.€€She€stated€thatÐ  ` Ðshe€understood€that€even€if€she€was€acquitted€at€trial,€her€co„defendants€could€be€convicted€and€couldÐ ü L  Ðbe€sentenced€to€death.€€The€petitioner€recalled€that€the€best€possible€scenario€still€required€a€51„yearÐ è 8  Ðterm€in€prison€and€described€her€acceptance€of€the€plea€offer€as€a€last„minute€decision.€€She€claimedÐ Ô$  Ðthat€the€plea€discussions€wreaked€havoc€on€her€mental€state,€causing€her€to€be€guilt„ridden€andÐ À  Ðsuicidal€due€to€her€failure€to€prevent€the€killings.€€The€petitioner€viewed€her€decision€to€accept€theÐ ¬ü  Ðoffer€as€being€based€primarily€upon€her€desire€to€stop€anyone€else€from€dying.€€She€claimed€that€byÐ ˜è  Ðthe€time€she€had€made€her€final€decision€to€accept€the€state's€offer,€everyone€had€accepted€except€forÐ „Ô  ÐHowell.€€She€claimed€that€the€week€before€her€guilty€plea,€she€took€"a€yellow€capsule"€forÐ pÀ Ðnightmares€and€Xanax,€frequently€cried,€and€slept€erratically.€€The€petitioner€insisted€that€she€toldÐ \¬ Ðher€attorneys€that€she€had€been€taking€medication€and€contended€that€they€were€aware€of€herÐ H˜ Ðimpaired€mental€state.€€She€also€maintained€that€shortly€after€the€imposition€of€sentence,€sheÐ 4„ Ðinformed€Attorney€Street€€that€she€wanted€to€withdraw€her€plea.€Ð  p ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€evidentiary€hearing,€the€trial€court€entered€a€memorandum€opinionÐ øH Ðand€order€denying€post„conviction€relief.€€Initially,€the€trial€court€determined€that€the€petitioner€hadÐ ä4 Ðwaived€a€jury€trial€in€written€form€with€the€approval€of€the€court€and€the€district€attorney€general.€Ð Ð  ÐThe€trial€court€determined€that€Attorneys€Cupp€and€Street€were€competent,€had€prior€experience€inÐ ¼  Ðcapital€cases,€and€had€all€of€the€resources€necessary€to€prepare€for€trial.€€The€trial€court€concludedÐ ¨ø Ðthat€the€attorneys€had€made€an€exhaustive€investigation€and€had€maintained€a€high€level€ofÐ ”ä Ðcommunication€with€the€petitioner.€€It€characterized€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€the€offenses€asÐ €Ð Ð"horrible,"€establishing€that€the€petitioner€was€a€willing€participant€in€the€shootings.€€The€trial€courtÐ l¼ Ðalso€determined€that€the€pleas€were€knowingly€and€voluntarily€made€upon€the€sound€advice€ofÐ X ¨ Ðcounsel€and€that€they€were€not€entered€due€to€the€influence€of€medication€or€the€stress€due€to€theÐ D!” Ðstate's€offer€of€a€"package€deal."€€Finally,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€petitioner€was€fully€aware€ofÐ 0"€  Ðthe€consequences€of€her€plea€and€had€represented€at€the€guilty€plea€hearing€that€she€had€not€usedÐ #l! Ðalcohol€or€drugs€in€the€prior€24€hours.€€Ð $X" ÐÌà@ÍÍ*ìàIˆÐ à%0!$ Ðà  àThe€petitioner€first€argues€that€she€did€not€waive€her€right€to€have€a€jury€decide€the€sentencesÐ Ì&"% Ðon€the€three€murder€convictions.€€She€argues€that€Article€I,€sections€6€and€14,€of€the€TennesseeÐ ¸'#& ÐConstitution€and€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„204(a),€which€provides€that€after€aÐ ¤(ô#' Ðverdict€of€guilty€of€first€degree€murder,€"the€jury€shall€fix€the€punishment,"€establish€bothÐ )à$( Ðâ âconstitutional€and€statutory€rights€to€a€jury.€€The€petitioner€specifically€argues€that€the€waiver€sheÐ |*Ì%) Ðsigned€prior€to€the€sentencing€hearing€is€invalid€because€the€document€€makes€no€specific€mentionÐ ° Ðof€the€right€to€a€jury€or€the€petitioner's€waiver€thereof.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àRule€23€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€provides€as€follows:Ð tÄ ÐÌà8  àò òà ` àó óIn€all€criminal€cases€except€small€offenses,€trial€shall€be€by€jury€unless€theÐ L œ Ðdefendant€waives€a€jury€trial€in€writing€with€the€approval€of€the€court€and€the€consentÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€district€attorney€general.€€The€defendant€may€waive€a€jury€trial€at€any€timeÐ $ t Ðbefore€the€jury€is€sworn.€€Ð `Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àUnless€there€is€an€execution€of€a€waiver€of€the€right€to€trial€by€jury,€a€defendant€in€a€criminalÐ è 8  Ðcase€is€entitled€to€have€a€jury€empaneled€to€try€the€matter.€€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€574€S.W.2d€739,€741Ð Ô$  Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€Although€no€particular€form€is€required,€waivers,€in€order€to€be€valid,€must€beÐ À  Ð"voluntarily,€knowingly,€and€intelligently€made."€€òòPatton€v.€United€Statesóó,€281€U.S.€312€(1930);€òòStateÐ ¬ü  Ðv.€Boboóó,€814€S.W.2d€353,€359€(Tenn.€1991).€€Generally€speaking,€the€waiver€"must€be€clearly€andÐ ˜è  Ðconvincingly€shown"€by€the€record.€€òòSee€generallyóó€òòState€v.€Tidwellóó,€775€S.W.2d€379,€386€(Tenn.Ð „Ô  ÐCrim.€App.€1989);€òòLee€v.€Stateóó,€560€S.W.2d€82,€84€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977).€€"If€the€defendant€seesÐ pÀ Ðfit€to€waive€[the€right€to€trial€by€jury],€it€is€permissible€provided€that€waiver€is€made€in€accordanceÐ \¬ Ðwith€the€safeguards€provided€by€the€constitution€and€implementing€statutes€or€rules€of€criminalÐ H˜ Ðprocedure."€€òòBoboóó,€814€S.W.2d€at€359.€€On€appeal,€this€court€is€bound€to€accept€the€trial€court'sÐ 4„ Ðfactual€findings€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€those€findings.€€òòState€v.€Kellyóó,€603€S.W.2dÐ  p Ð726,€729€(Tenn.€1980).Ð  \ Ѐ€Ð øH Ðà  àIn€this€instance,€the€record€establishes€that€the€petitioner€and€the€other€defendants€signed€aÐ ä4 Ð"Waiver€of€Rights€and€Plea€of€Guilty."€€As€part€of€the€written€proposal€made€by€the€state,€theÐ Ð  Ðdefendant€signed€a€document€providing€that€"sentencing€will€be€strictly€within€the€sound€discretionÐ ¼  Ðof€the€trial€court."€€The€document€is€dated€February€20,€1998,€and€is€approved€by€the€signatures€ofÐ ¨ø Ðeach€of€her€two€attorneys.€The€petitioner€signed€an€acceptance€of€the€written€plea€offer€and€anÐ ”ä Ðacknowledgment€of€the€specific€waiver:€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà8  àFurthermore,€having€been€advised€of€my€constitutional€rights,€I€freely€and€voluntarilyÐ X ¨ Ðwaive€my€right€to€a€trial€by€jury,€my€right€not€to€be€compelled€to€incriminate€myself,Ð D!” Ðmy€right€to€have€a€jury€impose€any€fine€in€excess€of€$50,€and€all€other€rightsÐ 0"€  Ðexplained€to€me.€€I€hereby€submit€my€case€to€the€trial€judge€for€decisions,€both€as€toÐ #l! Ðguilt€and€punishment.€€Ð$X"Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àAfter€the€trial€court€approved€the€guilty€plea€and€imposed€sentence,€the€petitioner€failed€toÐ à%0!$ Ðfile€a€motion€to€withdraw€the€guilty€plea€and€failed€to€present€the€issue€on€direct€appeal.€€TennesseeÐ Ì&"% ÐCode€Annotated€section€40„30„206(g)€provides€that,€with€few€exceptions,€none€of€which€appear€toÐ ¸'#& Ðbe€applicable,€a€"ground€for€relief€is€waived€if€the€petitioner€personally€or€through€an€attorney€failedÐ ¤(ô#' Ðto€present€it€for€determination€in€any€proceeding€before€a€court€of€competent€jurisdiction€in€whichÐ )à$( Ðthe€ground€could€have€been€presented."€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòHouse€v.€Stateóó,€911€S.W.2d€705€(Tenn.€1995),€òòcert.Ð |*Ì%) Ðdeniedóó,€517€U.S.€1193,€116€S.€Ct.€1685€(1996).€€More€importantly,€the€transcript€of€the€guilty€pleaÐ h+¸&* Ðproceeding,€the€sentencing€hearing,€and€the€evidentiary€hearing€on€the€petition€for€post„convictionÐ ° Ðrelief€established€that€the€petitioner€expressly€waived€her€right€to€a€sentencing€hearing€before€a€juryÐ œì Ðand€properly€asked€that€the€trial€court€undertake€that€responsibility.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà@®®)ìàIIˆÐ `° Ðà  àNext,€the€defendant€argues€that€her€pleas€were€neither€knowingly€nor€voluntarily€made.€€SheÐ L œ Ðargues€that€a€"package€deal"€by€its€very€nature€is€designed€to€coerce€less€culpable€individuals€to€feelÐ 8 ˆ Ðresponsible€for€the€lives€of€others€and€that€a€decision€made€under€these€circumstances€cannot€beÐ $ t Ðvoluntary.€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àUnder€the€terms€of€the€Post„Conviction€Procedure€Act,€a€petitioner€bears€the€burden€ofÐ è 8  Ðproving€her€allegations€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„210(f).€€TheÐ Ô$  Ðcredibility€of€the€witnesses€and€the€weight€and€value€afforded€to€their€testimony€are€appropriatelyÐ À  Ðaddressed€in€the€trial€court.€€òòBates€v.€Stateóó,€973€S.W.2d€615,€631€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€OnÐ ¬ü  Ðappeal,€the€burden€is€on€the€petitioner€to€establish€that€the€evidence€preponderated€against€theÐ ˜è  Ðfindings€of€the€trial€judge.€€òòClenny€v.€Stateóó,€576€S.W.2d€12,€14€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€Otherwise,Ð „Ô  Ðthe€findings€of€fact€by€the€trial€court€are€conclusive.€€òòGraves€v.€Stateóó,€512€S.W.2d€603,€604€(Tenn.Ð pÀ ÐCrim.€App.€1973).€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àIn€òòBoykin€v.€Alabamaóó,€395€U.S.€238€(1969),€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€ruled€thatÐ 4„ Ðdefendants€should€be€advised€of€certain€of€their€constitutional€rights€before€entering€pleas€of€guilt.€Ð  p ÐIncluded€among€those€required€warnings€are€the€right€against€self„incrimination,€the€right€to€confrontÐ  \ Ðwitnesses,€and€the€right€to€a€trial€by€jury.€€òòId.óó€at€243.€€The€overriding€òòBoykinóó€requirement€is€that€theÐ øH Ðguilty€plea€must€be€knowingly€and€voluntarily€made.€€òòId.óó€at€242.€€If€the€proof€establishes€that€theÐ ä4 Ðpetitioner€was€aware€of€his€constitutional€rights,€he€is€entitled€to€no€relief.€€òòJohnson€v.€Stateóó,€834Ð Ð  ÐS.W.2d€922,€926€(Tenn.€1992).€€"[A]€plea€is€not€'voluntary'€if€it€is€the€product€of€'[i]gnorance,Ð ¼  Ðincomprehension,€coercion,€terror,€inducements,€[or]€subtle€or€blatant€threats€.€.€.€.'"€€òòBlankenship€v.Ð ¨ø ÐStateóó,€858€S.W.2d€897,€904€(Tenn.€1993)€(quoting€òòBoykinóó,€395€U.S.€at€242„43).€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€holding€in€òòBoykinóó€does€not€mandate€a€verbatim€explanation€of€the€rights€at€issue.€Ð l¼ ÐInstead,€it€requires€only€that€the€record€affirmatively€show€that€there€was€a€voluntary€and€knowingÐ X ¨ Ðentry€of€the€guilty€pleas.€€The€pleas€must€represent€"a€voluntary€and€intelligent€choice€among€theÐ D!” Ðalternative€courses€of€action€open€to€the€defendant."€€òòNorth€Carolina€v.€Alfordóó,€400€U.S.€25,€31Ð 0"€  Ð(1970);€€òòseeóó€òòClark€v.€Stateóó,€800€S.W.2d€500€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€A€plea€cannot€be€voluntaryÐ #l! Ðif€the€accused€is€"'incompetent€or€otherwise€not€in€control€of€his€mental€facilities.'"€€òòBlankenshipóó,€858Ð $X" ÐS.W.2d€at€904€(quoting€òòBrown€v.€Perinióó,€718€F.2d€784,€788€(6òòthóó€Cir.€1983)).€€The€totality€of€theÐ ô$D # Ðcircumstances€to€be€considered€include€the€relative€intelligence€of€the€defendant,€the€degree€ofÐ à%0!$ Ðfamiliarity€with€criminal€proceedings,€whether€the€defendant€was€represented€by€competent€counselÐ Ì&"% Ðwith€the€opportunity€to€confer€about€the€various€alternatives€available,€knowledge€of€the€criminalÐ ¸'#& Ðcharges€lodged,€and€the€reasons€for€the€decision€to€plead€guilty,€€including€any€desire€to€avoid€aÐ ¤(ô#' Ðgreater€penalty€that€might€result€from€a€jury€trial.€€òòPowers€v.€Stateóó,€942€S.W.2d€551,€556€(Tenn.Ð )à$( Ð1996).€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àIn€this€state,€"package€deals"€have€been€approved€as€an€acceptable€means€of€reaching€a€pleaÐ ° Ðagreement.€€In€òòState€v.€Streetóó,€768€S.W.2d€703,€711€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988),€this€court€recognizedÐ œì Ðthe€legitimacy€of€the€concept.€€Several€cases€before€and€since€have€done€the€same.€€In€òòParham€v.Ð ˆØ ÐStateóó,€885€S.W.2d€375€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€a€contingent€plea€offer€was€found€not€to€haveÐ tÄ Ðcoerced€a€guilty€plea.€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòNetters€v.€Stateóó,€957€S.W.2d€844€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997);€òòHodgesÐ `° Ðv.€Stateóó,€491€S.W.2d€624€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972).€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àIn€this€instance,€the€record€demonstrates€that€the€petitioner€was€intelligent€and€also€familiarÐ $ t Ðwith€criminal€proceedings.€€She€made€straight€A's€in€elementary€school€and€until€the€seventh€gradeÐ  ` Ðhad€been€a€good€student,€although€at€age€14€she€was€hospitalized€for€psychiatric€care.€€For€a€periodÐ ü L  Ðof€eleven€days,€she€continued€outpatient€therapy,€received€medication,€and€had€improved.€Ð è 8  ÐPsychiatrist€Robert€Sadoff,€employed€by€the€defense,€determined€that€the€petitioner€was€not€insaneÐ Ô$  Ðat€the€time€of€the€crimes€and,€while€exhibiting€symptoms€of€a€bipolar€disorder,€was€not€out€of€touchÐ À  Ðwith€reality€and€did€not€suffer€from€psychosis.€€The€record€establishes€that€the€petitioner€had€ableÐ ¬ü  Ðattorneys€who€met€with€her€often€and€discussed€the€various€trial€and€sentencing€alternatives.€€At€theÐ ˜è  Ðconclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€judge€described€the€petitioner€as€"the€instigator€andÐ „Ô  Ðorchestrator€of€the€trip€and€the€things€that€led€to€the€death€of€the€Lillelids€.€.€.€an€active€part[icipant]Ð pÀ Ðin€the€kidnapping€of€the€Lillelids€at€the€rest€area."€€It€was€the€petitioner,€the€record€indicates,€whoÐ \¬ Ðsuggested€that€guns€be€obtained€during€the€course€of€the€trip.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àUnder€these€circumstances,€the€petitioner€faced€a€significant€likelihood€of€the€death€penalty.€Ð  p ÐWhether€the€motivation€was€to€escape€her€own€death€or€assist€the€others€in€doing€so,€theÐ  \ Ðcircumstances€suggest€that€the€guilty€pleas€were€knowingly,€voluntarily,€and€intelligently€made,€aÐ øH Ðreasonable€choice€among€the€limited€and€potentially€disastrous€alternatives€available.€€In€short,€theÐ ä4 Ðevidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€court's€conclusion€that€the€petitioner's€pleas€wereÐ Ð  Ðproperly€entered.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà@)ìàIIIˆÐ ”ä Ðà  àAs€her€last€issue,€the€petitioner€argues€that€her€attorneys€were€ineffective.€€She€submits€that€Ð €Ð Ðrather€than€relying€upon€the€written€report€of€Dr.€Sadoff,€her€attorneys€should€have€presented€himÐ l¼ Ðto€the€trial€court€as€a€live€witness.€€The€petitioner€also€complains€that€her€trial€attorneys€failed€toÐ X ¨ Ðprovide€adequate€mitigation€evidence€and€failed€to€lodge€objections€to€the€improper€statements€ofÐ D!” Ðan€attorney€representing€Crystal€Sturgill,€one€of€her€co„defendants,€who€made€references€to€SatanismÐ 0"€  Ðand€witchcraft.€€The€petitioner€argues€that€the€inappropriate€references€to€her€interest€in€the€occultÐ #l! Ðresulted€in€her€receiving€a€longer€sentence€than€she€otherwise€merited.€€The€petitioner€also€complainsÐ $X" Ðabout€her€attorneys'€lack€of€explanation€regarding€the€significance€of€the€waiver€of€certain€of€herÐ ô$D # Ðconstitutional€rights€and€their€relative€acquiescence€to€a€group,€rather€than€individualized,€sentencingÐ à%0!$ Ðconcept.€€€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àIn€order€for€the€petitioner€to€be€granted€relief€on€grounds€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðshe€must€establish€that€the€advice€given€or€the€services€rendered€were€not€within€the€range€ofÐ )à$( Ðcompetence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases€and€that,€but€for€her€counsel's€deficientÐ |*Ì%) Ðperformance,€the€result€of€her€trial€would€have€been€different.€€òòSeeóó€òòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466Ð h+¸&* ÐU.S.€668,€687€(1984);€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€€This€two„part€standard,Ð ° Ðas€it€applies€to€guilty€pleas,€is€met€when€the€petitioner€establishes€that,€but€for€counsel's€errors,€sheÐ œì Ðwould€not€have€pled€guilty€and€would€have€insisted€on€a€trial.€€òòHill€v.€Lockhartóó,€474€U.S.€52,€59Ð ˆØ Ð(1985).€€Ð tÄ ÐòòóóÌà  àThis€court€must€indulge€a€strong€presumption€that€the€conduct€of€the€defense€attorneys€at€theÐ L œ Ðtrial€falls€within€the€range€of€reasonable€professional€assistance€and€must€evaluate€their€performanceÐ 8 ˆ Ðfrom€their€perspective€at€the€time€of€the€alleged€deficiencies€and€in€light€of€the€totality€of€theÐ $ t Ðevidence.€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€690.€€The€petitioner€must€demonstrate€that€there€is€a€reasonableÐ  ` Ðprobability€that€but€for€counsel's€deficient€performance,€the€result€of€the€proceedings€would€haveÐ ü L  Ðbeen€different.€€òòId.óó€at€695.€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àThis€court€has€been€unable€to€conclude€from€the€record€how€the€sentence€might€have€beenÐ À  Ðdifferent€had€Dr.€Sadoff€appeared€in€person€as€a€witness.€€The€petitioner€failed€to€produce€Dr.€SadoffÐ ¬ü  Ðat€the€evidentiary€hearing€on€the€post„conviction€petition.€€Typically,€that€is€the€only€way€to€establishÐ ˜è  Ðany€prejudice€by€virtue€of€the€failure€to€call€a€witness€at€trial.€€òòBlack€v.€Stateóó,€794€S.W.2d€752,€757Ð „Ô  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990);€òòHolt€v.€Stateóó,€No.€M2000„01063„CCA„R3„PC€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÐ pÀ ÐNashville,€Oct.€30,€2000).€Ð \¬ Ðà  àÌà  àAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€state€was€able€to€establish€that€by€the€time€the€petitioner€hadÐ 4„ Ðbegun€the€sixth€grade,€she€had€practiced€self„mutilation,€dressed€in€dark€clothing,€painted€herÐ  p Ðfingernails€black,€and€worn€dark€eye€and€lip€makeup.€€By€16,€she€was€involved€in€theft€by€passingÐ  \ Ðworthless€checks.€€While€denying€that€her€wedding€was€"Satanic,"€the€petitioner€and€her€husband,Ð øH Ðwho€were€married€only€10€months,€dressed€in€"Gothic€clothing"€and€the€bridesmaids€were€"chainedÐ ä4 Ðtogether."€€There€was€also€evidence€that€the€petitioner€claimed€to€be€able€to€communicate€with€KarenÐ Ð  ÐHowell,€whom€she€described€as€her€"soul€mate,"€during€out„of„body€experiences.€€There€was€proofÐ ¼  Ðthat€the€two€had€cut€themselves€the€night€before€the€Lillelid€murders€and€had€drunk€each€other'sÐ ¨ø Ðblood.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€petitioner€argues€that€her€trial€attorneys'€reliance€upon€her€youth€and€her€lackÐ l¼ Ðof€direct€responsibility€for€the€shootings€qualified€as€mitigation€evidence,€she€maintains€that€theÐ X ¨ Ðestablishment€of€a€legitimate€theory€of€defense€did€not€relieve€them€of€the€duty€to€present€otherÐ D!” Ðevidence€effectively.€€The€petitioner€does€not€point€out€any€particular€deficiencies€in€theirÐ 0"€  Ðpresentation,€however,€and€this€court€can€only€guess€at€how€counsel€might€have€done€better.€€It€isÐ #l! Ðevident€that€the€record€of€the€sentencing€hearing€contained€more€information€on€the€petitioner€thanÐ $X" Ðperhaps€any€of€the€other€defendants.€€There€was€proof€of€a€troubled€childhood,€the€lack€of€a€fatherÐ ô$D # Ðfigure,€and€an€irresponsible€mother.€€The€near€death€of€her€grandmother€when€she€was€six€was€aÐ à%0!$ Ðtroubling€experience.€€The€petitioner's€mother€had€a€nervous€breakdown€and€physical€problems.€€TheÐ Ì&"% Ðpetitioner€experienced€bouts€of€bulimia€and€depression.€€By€age€13,€the€petitioner€was€sexually€activeÐ ¸'#& Ðand€a€year€later€was€hospitalized€for€psychiatric€care€and€was€prescribed€Prozac€and€lithium.€€By€ageÐ ¤(ô#' Ð15,€she€abused€heroin,€ecstacy,€cocaine,€and€acid.€€By€age€17,€she€was€married€for€a€short€period€ofÐ )à$( Ðtime,€and€after€the€divorce,€homeless,€living€on€the€streets€of€New€Orleans,€where€she€claimed€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðhave€been€beaten€and€gang„raped.€€Dr.€Sadoff€provided€helpful€information,€diagnosing€the€petitionerÐ h+¸&* Ðas€showing€symptoms€of€a€bipolar€disorder€and€a€mixed€personality€and€dissociative€disorders.€Ð ° ÐWhile€neither€insane€nor€out€of€touch€with€reality,€the€petitioner€was€described€by€Dr.€Sadoff€asÐ œì Ðhaving€been€emotionally€disturbed€for€several€years.€€In€summary,€the€record€demonstrates€that€theÐ ˆØ Ðattorneys€for€€the€petitioner€made€significant€effort€to€fully€develop€the€mitigating€circumstancesÐ tÄ Ðapplicable.€€The€effort€was€certainly€in€compliance€with€professional€standards.€€€€Ð `° ÐÌà  àFurther,€because€the€proof€was€already€in€the€record,€it€is€doubtful€that€comments€by€AttorneyÐ 8 ˆ ÐEichelman,€who€objected€to€references€of€"drinking€blood"€for€fear€that€his€client€would€beÐ $ t Ðimplicated,€had€any€effect€on€the€sentence.€€Certainly,€the€petitioner's€attorneys€had€no€control€overÐ  ` Ðthose€statements,€which€in€the€context€of€the€other€testimony€presented€to€the€trial€judge€during€theÐ ü L  Ðsentencing€hearing,€were€hardly€prejudicial.€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€petitioner€argues€that€her€attorneys€did€not€adequately€explain€the€significanceÐ À  Ðof€the€waiver€of€her€constitutional€rights,€the€record€demonstrates€otherwise.€€Finally,€the€record€alsoÐ ¬ü  Ðestablishes€that€her€defense€attorneys€made€every€effort€to€persuade€the€trial€judge€to€impose€anÐ ˜è  Ðindividualized€sentence,€one€more€lenient€than€those€ordered€for€the€other€defendants.€€In€that€regard,Ð „Ô  Ðthere€were€no€deficiencies€in€the€effort.€€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€Ð H˜ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð øH Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE