WPC OQ"`tE @"w@4]$L07`OJɞ*e)x\i@о152 ߐ7x[ ҧ\.ėY٭[:ڑʌnhojƬovl?Ԭq`n787_Y]ҴB9?bVR 8qsׯ2OAytD) ܜ1+nxy*I+%&/Q[.tͫ 21^6,[p'rϗ Hrge#s-\Y=F!y'.ΜPe @Οx0| ~Ȅ@ f\v_4؆ A'1qBNi$mpR\(ܖUsnDHy|֗9v”OfT*Y=63 EIZl" %F w@L 0 U:h 4    U:  0  0DU:m B``````````` D3}}} 0D AOCC 0D  D/M B|X DVUUUUAeӀ(`$TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7GXXdXXd7  ,cAZ"Arial RegularuM%3|x  XlXXX tX Xl   Ad FILED XlX t  September16,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular XX  T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T `   2    Althoughtheoffensechargedinthewarrantisrecklessendangerment,bothparties  acknowledgethatthischargewasamendedtomisdemeanorassault.((3$ `!TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7lXXdd7    `   0  (#$  0   XlXXXtXXl   Ad FILEDXlXt  September15,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular cXX  T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T `   1    Therecorddoesnotexplainthemannerinwhichthechargewasamendedorwhenit  wasamended. XX  T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T `   3    Underanevidentiaryapproach,theproof,notthecontentsoftheindictment,establish  theelementsofthelesserincludedoffense.Howard,578S.W.2dat87(HenryC.J.,dissenting);  Comments,ModelPenalCode1.07.ThisstandardwasexpresslyrejectedinTrusty. | Moreover,wenotethatthisstandardwouldmostlikelynotsurvivea noticechallengeundertheSixthAmendment. d'dxd(3$ !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd `!TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7lXXdd7     r*<,(j 8` `@E ` 8ttxP  rr *<,(j 8` `@E ` 8ttxP  r@. . INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE@(ATNASHVILLE@%JULYSESSION,1998STATEOFTENNESSEE, h   ) | t  `     h   )  No.01C019709CR00397 h`  ` Appellee   h   ) TL   `     h   )  DAVIDSONCOUNTY @8  vs. `     h   ) ,$   `     h   )  Hon.ThomasH.Shriver,Judge   GREGORYCOULSON, h   )    `     h   )  (DisorderlyConduct)    ` Appellant   h   )    FortheAppellant:   h     FortheAppellee: zr  DavidE.High    h     JohnKnoxWalkup  F> 227SecondAvenue,North    AttorneyGeneralandReporter 2* FirstFloor   Nashville,TN37201 h     DarylJ.Brand    `     h     AssistantAttorneyGeneral  (#    `     h     CriminalJusticeDivision `     h     425FifthAvenueNorth `     h     Nashville,TN372430493 x   (#     `  `     h      `     h     VictorS.(Torry)JohnsonIII  N#F  `     h     DistrictAttorneyGeneral  `     h     MaryCampbell  &"  `     h     Asst.DistrictAttorneyGeneral `     h     WashingtonSquare,Suite500 `     h     2222ndAvenueNorth `     h     Nashville,TN372011619OPINIONFILED:򀀀 <-4&* REVERSEDANDDISMISSED DavidG.Hayes  3~,1 Judge  r4j-2 @+ OPINION    ` Theappellant,GregoryCoulson,appealsasofrighthisconvictionintheDavidsonCountyCriminalCourtforthemisdemeanoroffenseofdisorderlyconduct.Followingabenchtrial,theappellantwassentencedtothirtydaysinjail,allofwhichwassuspended,andwasassessedafineoffiftydollars.Theappellantssoleissueonappealiswhetheradefendantwhoproceedstotrialuponachargeofmisdemeanorassaultmaybeconvictedofdisorderlyconduct. ` Forthereasonsdiscussedbelow,thejudgmentofconvictionisreversedanddismissed. ` Thequestionofwhetheronechargedwithmisdemeanorassaultcanbeconvictedofdisorderlyconductturnsnotupontheproofinthecasebutuponaquestionoflaw.Althoughitisunnecessarytofullydevelopthefactsofthiscase,abriefproceduralandfactualhistoryishelpfultofacilitatereview. ` InobservanceofaredtrafficlightattheintersectionofSawyerBrownandOldHardingRoads,motoristDanielleStocksslowedhervehiclebeforecomingtoastopattheintersection.BeforeMrs.StocksinitiatedherturnontoOldHardingRoad,thedriverofthevehiclebehindher,theappellant,beganbeepinghishornand tapped[hercar]on[the]back...bumper.Mrs.Stocksimmediatelygotoutofhercartoseeifanydamagehadoccurred.Mrs.Stockstestifiedthat,atthispoint,theappellantyelled GetoutofmywayBitch,puthiscarinreverse,thenheputitindrive,forcingMrs.Stockstojumpoutofthewayofhismovingvehicle.Mrs.Stocksgothislicenseplatenumberashedroveaway.OnthefollowingMonday,Mrs.Stockstelephonedtheappellantatworkexplainingthat IthoughtthatIcouldtalkwith[him]andseeif...Icouldgetanapologyfromhimtoseewhatwasgoingon. d9\28 Whenaskedhowshegothistelephonenumber,Mrs.StocksinformedtheappellantthatherhusbandwasaMetropoliceofficer. ` Fivedaysaftertheincident,Mrs.Stockssignedanaffidavitofcomplaintandawarrantissuedchargingtheappellantwithfelonyrecklessendangerment.OnOctober29,1996,theappellantwaivedhisrighttobetriedbyindictmentandhisrighttoajurytrial.ThecaseproceededtotrialinGeneralSessionsCourtuponthemisdemeanorchargeofrecklessendangerment.Attrial,theappellantdeniedmakingcontactwithMrs.Stocksvehicle,deniedattemptingtoharmher,and,ineffect,contradictedalmostallofMrs.Stockstestimony.Hedidadmit,however,thatafter thelightchangedtogreenand[her[cardidnotmove...afterfourfiveorsixseconds...Iblewthehorn.Atthistrial,theappellantwasfoundnotguiltyofrecklessendangermentbutwasfoundguiltyofthe amendedchargeofassault,whichheappealedtotheCriminalCourt.  #  1      ׀OnMarch31,1997,theappellantscase d\ proceededtotrialintheDavidsonCountyCriminalCourt.Attheconclusionofthebenchtrial,thetrialcourtfoundthattheStatehadfailedtoproveanassault.However,thecourtdidfindtheappellantguiltyofdisorderlyconduct,aclassCmisdemeanor. ` Thecontrollingquestionoflawiswhetherdisorderlyconductisalesseroffenseofmisdemeanorassault.TheSixthAmendmentrequiresthattheStateinformtheaccused ofthenatureandcauseoftheaccusationagainsthim.U.S.Const.amendVI.Thus,inordertocomportwiththeconstitutionallyguaranteednoticerequirement,adefendantmayonlybeconvictedofanoffensewhichisalesserincludedorlessergradeofthegreateroffensechargedintheindictment.SeeStatev.Trusty,919S.W.2d305,310(Tenn.1996);seealsoHagnerv.United 3,2 States,285U.S.427,430,52S.Ct.417,418419(1932). 5.4  `  ` AlthoughtheStateconcedesthatdisorderlyconductisnotalesserincludedoffenseofassault   #  2      ׀asdefinedinTenn.CodeAnn.3913101(1991),theState   urgesthiscourttoadoptapleadings,orcharginginstrument,approachforoffensesnotchargedbyindictment.Specifically,theStatearguesthat,sincethe degreeofstrictnessrequiredofafelonyindictmentisnotrequiredofawarrantchargingamisdemeanor,theaffidavitofcomplaintinthepresentcasecontainssufficientlanguagetoencompasstheoffenseofdisorderlyconductand,thus,theappellantwasonnoticetodefenduponthecrimeforwhichhewasconvicted. ` InStatev.Howard,578S.W.2d83,86(Tenn.1979),ChiefJusticeHenry  acknowledged,inhisdissent,theexistenceofthreeapproachesfordetermininglesseroffenses,i.e.,(1)thestatutoryapproach,(2)thepleadings,orcharging  instrument,approach,and(3)theevidentiaryapproach.   #  3      ׀ Underthestatutorytest h` theelementsofthetwooffenses,asreflectedintherespectivestatutoryprovisions,areconsideredintheabstract,whollyapartfromthefactsestablishedbytheproof.Howard,578S.W.2dat86(Henry,C.J.,dissenting).SeealsoComments,Model #  PenalCode1.07(1985).Inotherwords,underthestatutoryapproach,inorderto %" warrantachargeonalesserincludedoffense,thelesseroffensemustbeincludedwithintheproofnecessarytoestablishtheoffensecharged.However,undera 0)("& pleadings,orcharginginstrument,approach,alesseroffensemaybeincludedinthegreaterifthelanguageinthecharginginstrument,i.e.,thearrestwarrantorthe ,%* Мindictment,setsforththeelementsofthelesseroffenseeventhoughunderthestatutorydefinitionsitwouldbepossibletocommitthegreateroffensewithoutcommittingthelesser.SeeHoward,578S.W.2dat86(Henry,C.J.,dissenting); 02(+0 Comments,ModelPenalCode1.07.   ` ThepleadingsapproachwastacitlyrejectedbyoursupremecourtinTrusty.   Indeed,thesupremecourt,implicitlyadoptingthestatutoryapproach,concluded:8 ` [D]efendantsareentitledtojuryinstructionsonalllesserincludedoffensesasdefinedinHowardandonalloffenseswhicharealesser   gradeorclassofthechargedoffense,iftheevidencewouldsupportaconvictionfortheoffense.Theauthorizingstatuteandruleensurethateachdefendanthasfairandreasonablenoticeofthechargesandanopportunitytodefendagainstthem.Itpreservesadefendantsrighttoaninstructiononalllesseroffensesnecessarilyincludedintheoffense   chargedintheindictment....z ` !` ! Trusty,919S.W.2dat311(emphasisadded).Wecanfindnoreasontoadopta NF differentstandardforoffensesinitiatedbywarrantfromthoseinitiatedbyindictment.Theconstitutionalrequirementofnoticefortheaccusedwhoistrieduponanarrestwarrantisnodifferentthanfortheaccusedwhoistriedbywayofindictment.Thus,weadheretothestatutoryapproachindeterminingwhetheranoffenseisalesseroffenseofthechargedoffense. ` Afterreview,wefindtheappellant'spositionwelltaken.Bothpartiesconcedeandweagreethattheoffenseofdisorderlyconductisneitheralessergradenoralesserincludedoffenseofassault.CompareTenn.CodeAnn.3913 z&r# 101withTenn.CodeAnn.3917305(1991).Inviewofthisstate'sadoptionof F(>!% the"statutoryapproach"fordetermininglesseroffenses,weconcludethattheappellant'sconvictionfordisorderlyconductisinfirm.Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisreversedandtheappellant'sconvictionisdismissed.  v/n(-  `     h   ____________________________________ `     h   DAVIDG.HAYES,Judge̛CONCUR:̛_____________________________________PAULG.SUMMERS,Judge_____________________________________JERRYL.SMITH,Judge