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òÔ#†¼s»XX_½?#ÔJASON€MICHAEL€CRIM€v.€STATE€OF€TENNESSEEÔ‡X_½X»¼sÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Montgomery€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€38020€€€€€€John€H.€Gasaway,€III,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2002„03013„CCA„R3„PC€„€Filed€December€12,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€petitioner,€Jason€Michael€Crim,€appeals€the€trial€court's€denial€of€his€application€for€post„Ð V¦  Ðconviction€relief.€€The€single€issue€presented€for€review€is€whether€the€petitioner€was€denied€theÐ ? Ðeffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€The€judgment€is€affirmed.Ð (x ÐÓÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmed€€€€€€Ð úJ Ðó óÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼s»àX_½­#ÔÔ‡X_½X.¼sÔGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòJerry€L.Ð Í ÐSmith,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ¶ ÐÌJeffry€S.€Grimes,€Clarksville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Jason€Michael€Crim.Ð ˆØ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Helena€Walton€Yarbrough,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ Zª ÐGeneral;€and€Arthur€Bieber,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€ofÐ C“ ÐTennessee.Ð ,| ÐÓŠÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼s»XX_½¹#ÔÔ‡X_½X»¼sÔÐ þN ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼s»XX_½7 #ÔÔ‡X_½X»¼sÔÓ  Ó€€Ô#†¼s»XX_½• #ÔÔ€X_½X»¼sÔà  àOn€November€21,€1997,€the€petitioner€was€tried€and€convicted€of€possession€of€more€thanÐ Ñ!!! Ð.5€grams€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€within€1,000€feet€of€a€school,€a€Class€A€felony;€possession€ofÐ º" " Ðless€than€one„half€ounce€of€marijuana,€a€Class€A€misdemeanor;€and€possession€of€a€firearm€onÐ £#ó# Ðschool€grounds,€a€Class€E€felony.€€The€trial€court€imposed€Range€I,€concurrent€sentences€of€15€years,Ð Œ$Ü$ Ð11€months€and€29€days,€and€one€year,€respectively.€€The€sentences€for€the€latter€two€convictionsÐ u%Å % Ðwere€suspended.€€Upon€direct€appeal,€this€court€affirmed.€€òòState€v.€Jason€M.€Crimóó,€No.€01C01„9803„Ð ^&®!& ÐCC„00101€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Feb.€18,€2000).€€Application€for€permission€to€appealÐ G'—"' Ðto€our€supreme€court€was€denied€on€September€18,€2000.Ð 0(€#( ÐÌà  àThe€opinion€of€this€court€provided€a€summary€of€the€factual€basis€for€the€convictions:€€Ð *R%* ÐÌà8  àà ` àDuring€a€routine€patrol€of€the€grounds€at€a€Clarksville€High€School€footballÐ Ô+$', Ðgame,€the€School€Resource€Officer€observed€an€illegally€parked€vehicle€in€the€facultyÐ ½, (- Ðparking€lot.€€The€officer€also€observed€defendant€staggering€toward€the€vehicle.€Ð ¦-ö(.ýú ÐÔ_ÔOnce€the€defendant€reached€the€vehicle,€he€had€trouble€getting€the€keys€in€the€doorÐ ° Ðand€sitting€in€the€driver's€seat.€€The€officer€suspected€the€defendant€was€intoxicatedÐ ™é Ðand€approached€the€vehicle.€€When€defendant€opened€the€car€door,€the€officerÐ ‚Ò Ðsmelled€a€strong€odor€of€marijuana€and€saw€an€open€bottle€and€a€glass€of€beer€on€theÐ k» Ðfront€seat.€€The€officer€asked€the€defendant€if€he€had€any€identification.€€The€officerÐ T¤ Ðtestified€that€defendant€had€trouble€locating€his€identification;€his€speech€was€slurred;Ð =  Ðhis€eyes€were€bloodshot;€and€he€had€trouble€standing.€€Due€to€the€level€of€defendant'sÐ & v Ðintoxication,€the€officer€was€unable€to€conduct€a€field€sobriety€test.€€The€defendantÐ  _ Ðwas€taken€into€custody.€Ðø HÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àThe€vehicle€was€searched€incident€to€the€defendant's€arrest.€€Officers€foundÐ Ê   Ðdefendant's€brown€leather€jacket€on€the€backseat.€€In€the€pocket€of€the€jacket,€officersÐ ³  Ðfound€a€hand„rolled€marijuana€cigarette€and€a€pill€bottle€containing€several€rocks€ofÐ œì  Ðcocaine.€€Marijuana€seeds€were€found€in€the€ashtray€of€the€car,€and€a€roach€clip€wasÐ …Õ  Ðfound€on€the€floorboard.€€Officers€also€located€a€loaded€.38€caliber€pistol€between€theÐ n¾  Ðconsole€and€the€passenger€seat,€and€found€two€boxes€of€ammunition€in€the€back€ofÐ W§  Ðthe€vehicle.€€Ð@Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àOn€May€31,€2002,€the€petitioner€filed€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief€seeking€a€new€trialÐ b Ðon€the€basis€that€his€counsel€had€been€ineffective€in€a€number€of€ways.€€The€petition€was€amended,Ð ûK Ðcounsel€was€appointed,€and€an€evidentiary€hearing€ensued.€€€The€petitioner,€an€inmate€in€theÐ ä4 ÐHardeman€County€Correctional€Facility,€testified€that€he€had€no€discussions€with€his€trial€counselÐ Í Ðabout€pretrial€motions,€particularly€a€motion€to€suppress,€and€had€no€recollection€of€whether€thereÐ ¶ Ðhad€been€a€preliminary€hearing.€€He€complained€that€there€were€witnesses€to€the€offense€that€his€trialÐ Ÿï Ðcounsel€failed€to€produce€at€trial.€€The€petitioner€contended€that€he€continued€to€use€drugs€while€onÐ ˆØ Ðbail€and€was€"on€drugs"€at€the€time€of€his€trial.€€The€petitioner€implied€that€his€trial€counsel€hadÐ qÁ Ðfailed€to€interview€state€witnesses€and€contended€that€he€did€not€go€to€the€crime€scene.€€On€cross„Ð Zª Ðexamination,€the€petitioner€was€unable€to€produce€the€name€of€any€potential€witness.€€He€did€claim,Ð C“ Ðhowever,€that€another€person€had€actually€driven€the€car€to€the€school€but€had€left€by€the€time€of€hisÐ ,| Ðarrest.€€The€petitioner€described€that€witness€as€"possibly€hostile."€€Ð e ÐÌà  àTrial€counsel€testified€at€the€hearing€that€he€had€been€afforded€full€discovery€by€the€state€inÐ ç 7 Ðadvance€of€trial€and€had€acquired€written€reports€from€the€investigating€officer.€€He€acknowledgedÐ Ð!   Ðthat€he€filed€no€motion€to€suppress€the€cocaine€found€in€the€vehicle€of€petitioner's€car.€€AccordingÐ ¹" ! Ðto€trial€counsel,€the€offense€occurred€at€€Clarksville€High€School€during€a€football€game€and€wasÐ ¢#ò" Ðdiscovered€by€officers€who€noticed€the€parked€vehicle€with€its€lights€on,€its€motor€running,€and€aÐ ‹$Û# Ðdoor€open.€€Trial€counsel€recalled€that€the€officers€first€observed€the€petitioner€walking€towards€theÐ t%Ä $ Ðcar.€€They€described€him€as€unstable€on€his€feet€and,€when€they€approached,€smelled€alcohol€andÐ ]&­!% Ðmarijuana.€€According€to€trial€counsel,€there€was€no€basis€to€seek€suppression€of€the€evidenceÐ F'–"& Ðultimately€found€inside€the€petitioner's€motor€vehicle.€€Trial€counsel€recalled€that€the€arrestingÐ /(#' Ðofficer€reportedly€did€not€administer€any€field€sobriety€tests€due€to€the€petitioner's€level€ofÐ )h$( Ðintoxication.€€Ð *Q%) Ðâ âÐ ê*:&* Ðà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€hearing,€the€post„conviction€court€found€that€there€was€no€basis€€forÐ ° Ðâ âa€motion€to€suppress€and€made€reference€to€a€portion€of€the€officers's€testimony€from€the€trialÐ ™é Ðtranscript:Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà8  àAs€I€approached€the€vehicle€.€.€.€I€noticed€someone€stumbling€from€the€fence€that€Ð T¤ Ðoutlined€the€field€to€the€car.€€It€was€the€[petitioner].€€He€was€having€some€problemÐ =  Ðgetting€in€the€car.€€Ð& vÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àI€pulled€up€along€side€his€car,€exited€my€vehicle,€and€he€had€already€enteredÐ ø H Ðhis€vehicle.€€I€tapped€on€the€window€and€that's€when€he€opened€the€door€and€thereÐ á 1  Ðwas€an€odor€that€smelled€like€burning€marijuana€.€.€.€.€€Also,€that's€when€I€noticed€anÐ Ê   Ðopen€container€of€beer€.€.€.€.€Ð³ Ð Ð  Ðà@$$(ìà*€*€*ˆÐ œì  Ðà8  àà ` à[The€petitioner]€was€very€unstable€.€.€.€and€.€.€.€was€having€difficulty€gettingÐ …Õ  Ðthe€key€into€the€door€lock€and€opening€the€door€of€the€vehicle.€€Ðn¾ Ð Ð  ÐÌà@$$(ìà*€*€*ˆÐ @ Ðà8  à[H]e€appeared€to€be€intoxicated.€€I€looked€at€[his]€ID€and€it€stated€that€he€was€underÐ )y Ð21.€€ÐbÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àBecause€the€search€of€the€vehicle€which€yielded€cocaine€was€incident€to€his€arrest,€the€post„Ð ä4 Ðconviction€court€determined€that€a€motion€to€suppress€would€not€have€been€successful.€€The€courtÐ Í Ðalso€concluded€that€if€trial€counsel€had€not€in€fact€interviewed€the€officers€who€testified€at€trial,€thatÐ ¶ Ðthe€petitioner€had€failed€to€establish€how€he€had€been€prejudiced€by€the€omission.€€The€post„Ð Ÿï Ðconviction€court€observed€the€petitioner€had€failed€to€produce€or€even€identify,€other€than€gender,Ð ˆØ Ðthe€witness€he€had€hoped€would€testify€that€she€had€driven€the€vehicle€to€the€school€grounds.€€TheÐ qÁ Ðpost„conviction€court€ruled€that€the€testimony€of€that€witness,€if€offered€as€claimed€by€the€petitioner,Ð Zª Ðwould€not€"make€a€bit€of€difference€in€the€outcome€of€the€conviction[s],€.€.€.€especially€since€[theÐ C“ Ðpetitioner]€said€here€today€that€he€didn't€expect€that€person€to€say€that€they€owned€the€gun€or€it€wasÐ ,| Ðtheir€drugs."€€Ð e ÐÌà  àIn€a€post-conviction€proceeding,€the€petitioner€bears€the€burden€of€proving€his€allegationsÐ ç 7 Ðby€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40-30-210(f)€(1997).€€Claims€of€ineffectiveÐ Ð!   Ðassistance€of€counsel€are€regarded€as€mixed€questions€of€law€and€fact.€€òòState€v.€Honeycuttóó,€54Ð ¹" ! ÐS.W.3d€762,€766-67€(Tenn.€2001);€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.€1999).€€On€appeal,€theÐ ¢#ò" Ðfindings€of€fact€made€by€the€trial€court€are€conclusive€and€will€not€be€disturbed€unless€the€evidenceÐ ‹$Û# Ðcontained€in€the€record€preponderates€against€them.€€òòBrooks€v.€Stateóó,€756€S.W.2d€288,€289€(Tenn.Ð t%Ä $ ÐCrim.€App.€1988).€€The€burden€is€on€the€petitioner€to€show€that€the€evidence€preponderated€againstÐ ]&­!% Ðthose€findings.€€òòClenny€v.€Stateóó,€576€S.W.2d€12,€14€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€Ô‡ŽX_½XXX_½Ô€The€credibility€of€theÐ F'–"& Ðwitnesses€and€the€weight€and€value€to€be€afforded€their€testimony€are€questions€to€be€resolved€byÐ /(#' Ðthe€trial€court.€òòBates€v.€Stateóó,€973€S.W.2d€615€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€When€reviewing€theÐ )h$( Ðapplication€of€law€to€those€factual€findings,€however,€our€review€is€de€novo,€and€the€trial€court'sÐ *Q%) Ðconclusions€of€law€are€given€no€presumption€of€correctness.€€òòFields€v.€Stateóó,€40€S.W.3d€450,€457-58Ð ê*:&* Ð(Tenn.€2001);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Englandóó,€19€S.W.3d€762,€766€(Tenn.€2000).Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÔ#†X_½XXŽX_½¾-#ÔÌà  àWhen€a€petitioner€seeks€post-conviction€relief€on€the€basis€of€ineffective€assistance€ofÐ ™é Ðcounsel,€he€must€first€establish€that€the€services€rendered€or€the€advice€given€were€below€ð ðthe€rangeÐ ‚Ò Ðof€competence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.ðð€€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936Ð k» Ð(Tenn.€1975).€€Second,€he€must€show€that€the€deficiencies€ð ðactually€had€an€adverse€effect€on€theÐ T¤ Ðdefense.ðð€€òòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,€693€(1984).€€Should€the€petitioner€fail€toÐ =  Ðestablish€either€factor,€he€is€not€entitled€to€relief.€Our€supreme€court€described€the€standard€of€reviewÐ & v Ðas€follows:€Ð  _ ÐÌà8  àà ` àBecause€a€petitioner€must€establish€both€prongs€of€the€test,€a€failure€to€proveÐ á 1  Ðeither€deficiency€or€prejudice€provides€a€sufficient€basis€to€deny€relief€on€theÐ Ê   Ðineffective€assistance€claim.€€Indeed,€a€court€need€not€address€the€components€in€anyÐ ³  Ðparticular€order€or€even€address€both€if€the€defendant€makes€an€insufficient€showingÐ œì  Ðof€one€component.Ð…Õ Ð Ð  ÐòòÌGoad€v.€Stateóó,€938€S.W.2d€363,€370€(Tenn.€1996).Ð W§  ÐÌà  àOn€claims€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel,€the€petitioner€is€not€entitled€to€the€benefit€ofÐ )y Ðhindsight,€may€not€second-guess€a€reasonably€based€trial€strategy,€and€cannot€criticize€a€sound,€butÐ b Ðunsuccessful,€tactical€decision€made€during€the€course€of€the€proceedings.€€òòAdkins€v.€Stateóó,€911Ð ûK ÐS.W.2d€334,€347€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Such€deference€to€the€tactical€decisions€of€counsel,Ð ä4 Ðhowever,€applies€only€if€the€choices€are€made€after€adequate€preparation€for€the€case.€€òòCooper€v.Ð Í ÐStateóó,€847€S.W.2d€521,€528€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).Ð ¶ ÐÌà  àInitially,€the€post„conviction€court€accredited€the€testimony€of€trial€counsel€that€he€wasÐ ˆØ Ðafforded€full€and€open€discovery€materials€and€was€adequately€prepared€for€trial.€€Although€it€isÐ qÁ Ðtypically€the€far€better€practice€to€interview€state€witnesses€in€advance€of€trial,€trial€counsel,€who€hadÐ Zª Ðyears€of€experience€as€a€public€defender,€had€access€to€the€state's€file.€€The€petitioner€has€beenÐ C“ Ðunable€to€establish,€as€is€his€burden,€that€his€defense€was€in€any€way€compromised€by€any€failureÐ ,| Ðon€the€part€of€his€counsel€to€interview€the€state€witnesses.€€Further,€the€petitioner€failed€to€produceÐ e Ðat€the€evidentiary€hearing€the€witness€he€had€hoped€would€have€provided€helpful€testimony€at€trial.€Ð þN ÐIt€was€his€obligation€to€do€so.€€òòSeeóó€òòBlack€v.€Stateóó,€794€S.W.2d€752,€757€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€Ð ç 7 ÐOf€greater€importance,€there€has€been€no€showing€that€the€testimony€claimed€would€have€in€any€wayÐ Ð!   Ðaffected€the€three€verdicts€at€issue.€€Ð ¹" ! ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€failure€of€trial€counsel€to€seek€suppression€of€the€evidence€seized€in€theÐ ‹$Û# Ðpetitioner's€vehicle€is€not€a€basis€for€relief.€€The€petitioner€was€unable€to€establish€at€the€evidentiaryÐ t%Ä $ Ðhearing€that€his€arrest€was€unlawful€or€that€the€seizure€of€the€illegal€drugs€violated€constitutionalÐ ]&­!% Ðprinciples.€€The€facts,€as€set€out€at€trial,€provided€the€officers€with€specific,€articulable€grounds€toÐ F'–"& Ðsuspect€that€the€petitioner€was€driving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant.€€While€both€the€state€andÐ /(#' Ðfederal€constitutions€protect€against€unreasonable€searches€and€seizures€and€there€is€a€presumptionÐ )h$( Ðthat€a€warrantless€search€violates€constitutional€principles,€an€investigatory€stop€is€among€theÐ *Q%) Ðnarrowly€defined€exceptions.€€òòSeeóó€U.S.€Const.€Amend.€IV;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€7;€òòTerry€v.€Ohioóó,Ð ê*:&* Ð392€U.S.€1,€27„28€(1968).€€In€òòState€v.€Pulleyóó,€863€S.W.2d€29,€30€(Tenn.€1993),€our€supreme€courtÐ Ó+#'+ Ðruled€that€"the€reasonableness€of€seizures€less€intrusive€than€a€full„scale€arrest€is€judged€by€weighingÐ ° Ðthe€gravity€of€the€public€concern,€the€degree€to€which€the€seizure€advances€that€concern,€and€theÐ ™é Ðseverity€of€the€intrusion€into€individual€privacy."€€òòóóThe€reasonableness€of€the€stop€of€a€vehicleÐ ‚Ò Ðdepends€on€whether€the€officer€had€either€probable€cause€or€an€"articulable€and€reasonableÐ k» Ðsuspicion"€that€the€vehicle€or€its€occupants€were€subject€to€seizure€for€violation€of€the€law.€€òòSeeóóÐ T¤ ÐòòDelaware€v.€Prouseóó,€440€U.S.€648,€663€(1979);€òòState€v.€Garciaóó,€____€S.W.3d€____,€No.€M2000„Ð =  Ð01760„SC„R11„CD€(Tenn.,€Oct.€1,€2003);€òòState€v.€Colemanóó,€791€S.W.2d€504,€505€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð & v Ð1989).€€Probable€cause€has€been€generally€defined€as€a€reasonable€ground€for€suspicion,€supportedÐ  _ Ðby€circumstances€indicative€of€an€illegal€act.€€òòSeeóó€òòLea€v.€Stateóó,€181€Tenn.€378,€380„81,€181€S.W.2dÐ ø H Ð351,€352€(1944).€€While€probable€cause€is€not€necessary€for€investigative€stop,€it€is€a€requirementÐ á 1  Ðthat€the€officer's€reasonable€suspicion€be€supported€by€facts,€taken€together€with€rational€inferences,Ð Ê   Ðwhich€reasonably€warrant€the€intrusion.€€òòTerryóó,€391€U.S.€at€21.€€In€this€instance,€that€the€defendantÐ ³  Ðstaggered€towards€a€vehicle€parked€on€school€grounds,€entered€the€vehicle€and€took€the€driver's€seatÐ œì  Ðwarranted€the€intrusion.€€The€smell€of€marijuana€and€the€presence€of€an€open€container€of€alcoholÐ …Õ  Ðwere€facts€which€established€probable€cause€which€merited€a€full€scale€investigation.€€Under€theseÐ n¾  Ðcircumstances,€a€motion€to€suppress€the€confiscation€of€the€cocaine€would€not€have€been€successful.€Ð W§  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.Ð )y ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Í Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE