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C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptv - Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5yG*,*T3|xU*G+M (_25   /%` ` hp x /23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *D+M (_24   ," hp x ,23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *A+M (_23  ` ) hp x )23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *>+M (_22   &hhp x &23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *;+M (_21   #p x #23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *8+M (_20  h  p x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *5+M (_19   pp x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *2+M (_18    x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  * (_1723  Ԁ*GM (_16   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *DM (_15   ," hp x ,23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *AM (_14  ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *>M (_13   &hhp x &23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *;M (_12   #p x #23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *8M (_11  h  p x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *5M (_10   pp x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  (2M &_9    x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  ( &_823  (GM &_7   /%` ` hp x /23   5+ ` hp x 5  (DM &_6   ," hp x ,23   5+ ` hp x 5  (AM &_5  ` ) hp x )23   5+ ` hp x 5  (>M &_4   &hhp x &23   5+ ` hp x 5  - -(;M &_3   #p x #23   5+ ` hp x 5  (8M &_2  h  p x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  (5M &_1   pp x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  &2M $_    x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  0.Normal<:Definition T<AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 586Definition(''&H1      (&H2  (&H3  (&H4 XXX (&H5  (&H6  20Address8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEKQ<6X9`(Courier NewKSS\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard KQ<6X9`(Courier NewKSS\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted/%  ,Kk %#/KQ<6X9`(Courier NewKSS\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/<:zBottom of 7H(X7  ?T%2A`Arial?  SS\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X7&  d dG)1dxd<:zTop of For7J(X7  ?T%2A`Arial?  SS\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X7G)2dxd0KS.SampleKQ<6X9`(Courier NewKSS\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterKQ<6X9`(Courier NewKSS\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB  <6X9`(Courier New(|G2$ !.8Odd8         0  ]\  `&Times New Roman%2A`Arial7381-7 d4902-384(|3v$ !.8Odd8     VVVV)!dxdx)!dxdx( $ Figure  1   ^_X`YE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3v$ !.8Odd8     ($$   1  X[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK * R$      1  ]  _Moreover,TennesseeCodeAnnotated4020116provides,inpertinentpart,that [_w]henever_Ԁafelonis  convictedofstealing...property,ordefraudinganotherthereof,thejuryshallascertainthevalueofsuchproperty,if t notpreviouslyrestoredtotheowner,andthecourtshall,thereupon,ordertherestitutionoftheproperty,and,incasethis 8 cannotbedone,thatthepartyaggrievedrecoverthevalueassessedagainsttheprisoner....Tenn.CodeAnn.4020 L 116(a)(emphasisadded).Thestatutealsoprovidesthatits provisions...arecumulative,anddonotdeprivetheparty  injuredofanyotherrightthepartymayhavefortherecoveryofpropertyoritsvalue.Tenn.CodeAnn.4020116(c)  (emphasisadded).(#$  0   !.8Odd8     _   O8XXdd8OO@ttOINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @WW$ATKNOXVILLE#O+#Ԉ &    @  @` AssignedonBriefsJune19,2002 L XXO #OXX=#STATEOFTENNESSEEv.ELMERW.CROSSXXO  J @@ AppealfromtheCriminalCourtforHamiltonCounty  J @@Nos.226046&226047RebeccaStern,Judge  6 @@*AV) ` dE<` A   @@TTNo.E200102724CCAR3CD   August12,_2002_   AV) ` dE<|` A }     Thedefendant,ElmerW.Cross,enteredpleasofguilttopresentingafraudulentinsuranceclaimand x  arson.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.3914133,3914301.ThetrialcourtimposedRangeIconcurrent d sentencesofthreeyears,grantedprobationfor10years,andorderedrestitutiontohisresidential P insurerintheamountof$24,752.03.Inthisappealofright,thedefendantassertsthattheinsureris < nota victimwithinthemeaningofthestatutoryprovisionsauthorizingrestitution.SeeTenn.Code (x Ann.4035304;Statev.Alford,970S.W.2d944(Tenn.1998)(holdingthat thevictimsinsurer d cannotbeawardedrestitutionunderTenn.CodeAnn.4035304").Becausetheinsurerinthis P casewastheactualvictimofthecrimes,thejudgmentsofthetrialcourtareaffirmed. <  Tenn.R.App.P.3;JudgmentsoftheTrialCourtAffirmed     #OX#XX.OGaryR.Wade,P.J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichDavidH.WellesandNorma  McGeeOgle,JJ.,joined.  ArdenaJ.Garth,DistrictPublicDefender(onappeal),andDonnaRobinsonMiller(onappeal)and ` WilliamDobson(attrial),AssistantDistrictPublicDefenders,fortheappellant,ElmerW.Cross. L  PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneral&Reporter;KathyD.Aslinger,AssistantAttorneyGeneral;and $"t! LilaStatom,AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. #`" ; @@OO& OPINION #OXXj #XXO $8 $ #OXXW #XXO    Accordingtothestipulatedfacts,onSeptember29,1996, thedefendant...set[amobile &"& homethatheowned]onfireforthepurposeofobtaininginsurancemoneyonthatlocationand '"' actuallydidobtaintheinsurancetopayforthestructure.Thestateintroducedproofthatthe (#( defendantsresidentialinsurer,NationwideInsuranceCompany,paid$24,752.03onthepolicy. )$) RelyinguponStatev.Alford,970S.W.2d944(Tenn.1998)#OXX #XXO,inwhichoursupremecourtheldthat p*%* anawardofrestitutiontoanassaultvictimsmedicalinsurancecarrierwasnotpermittedunder \+&+  TennesseeCodeAnnotated4035304,defensecounselarguedthatrestitutionwouldbeimproper H,', becauseNationwidewasnota victimwithinthemeaningofthestatute.Thetrialcourtultimately  orderedrestitutiontoNationwideinthefullamount,rulingasfollows:   8  [Statev.Alford]isdifferentbecauseinthiscase,thecaseofinsurancefraud,the t victimistheinsurancecompany.Whenyouaredefraudinganinsurancecompany, ` [itis]thedirectvictimsoIdistinguishthiscaseonthatground.L      Inthisappeal,thedefendantassertsthatthetrialcourterredbyordering#OXX##XXOԀrestitutionto $ t Nationwide,contendingthat#OXX #XXOaninsurancecompanyisnota victimwithinthecontemplationof  ` TennesseeCodeAnnotated4035304.Thestatute,whichgovernsrestitutionasaconditionof  L  probation,providesinpertinentpartasfollows:  8  8   ` (a)Asentencingcourtmaydirectadefendanttomakerestitutiontothevictim   oftheoffenseasaconditionofprobation.    8   ` (b)Wheneverthecourtbelievesthatrestitutionmaybeproperorthevictim   oftheoffenseorthedistrictattorneygeneralrequests,thecourtshallorderthe   presentenceserviceofficertoincludeinthepresentencereportdocumentation p regardingthenatureandamountofthevictim'specuniaryloss.\   8   ` (c)Thecourtshallspecifyatthetimeofthesentencinghearingtheamount H andtimeofpaymentorotherrestitutiontothevictimandmaypermitpaymentor 4 performanceininstallments.Thecourtmaynotestablishapaymentorperformance  p scheduleextendingbeyondthestatutorymaximumtermofprobationsupervisionthat  \ couldhavebeenimposedfortheoffense.H   8   ` (d)Indeterminingtheamountandmethodofpaymentorotherrestitution,the 4 courtshallconsiderthefinancialresourcesandfutureabilityofthedefendanttopay   orperform.    8   ` (e)Forthepurposesofthissection,"pecuniaryloss"means:   8   ` (1)Allspecialdamages,butnotgeneraldamages,assubstantiatedby  evidenceintherecordorasagreedtobythedefendant;and   8   ` (2)Reasonableout-of-pocketexpensesincurredbythevictimresultingfrom l thefilingofchargesorcooperatingintheinvestigationandprosecutionofthe X  offense;provided,thatpaymentofspecialprosecutorsshallnotbeconsideredan D! out-of-pocketexpense.0"    8   ` (f)Adefendant,victimordistrictattorneygeneralatanytimemaypetition #l! thesentencingcourttoadjustorotherwisewaivepaymentorperformanceofany $X" orderedrestitutionoranyunpaidorunperformedportionthereof.Thecourtshall $D # scheduleahearingandgivethevictimandthedefendantnoticeofthehearing, %0!$ includingthedate,placeandtimeandinformthevictimanddefendantthateachwill &"% haveanopportunitytobeheard.Ifthecourtfindsthatthecircumstancesuponwhich '#& itbasedtheimpositionoramountandmethodofpaymentorotherrestitutionordered (#' nolongerexistorthatitotherwisewouldbeunjusttorequirepaymentorother )$( restitutionasimposed,thecourtmayadjustorwaivepaymentoftheunpaidportion |*%) thereoforotherrestitutionormodifythetimeormethodofmakingrestitution.The h+&* courtmayextendtherestitutionschedule,butnotbeyondthetermofprobation  supervision.   Tenn.CodeAnn.4035304(a)!(f)(emphasisadded). t   Inmattersofstatutoryconstruction,theroleofthiscourtistoascertainandgiveeffecttothe L  intentofthelegislature.Statev.Williams,623S.W.2d121,124(Tenn.Crim.App.1981).Unless 8  ambiguityrequiresresortelsewheretoascertainlegislativeintent,judicialinterpretationofastatute $ t isrestrictedtothenaturalandordinarymeaningofthelanguageused.RoddyMfg.Co.v.Olsen,661  ` S.W.2d868,871(Tenn.1983)."Legislativeenactmentsmustbeinterpretedintheirnaturaland  L  ordinarysensewithoutaforcedconstructiontoeitherlimitorexpandtheirmeaning."Statev.  8  Thomas,635S.W.2d114,116(Tenn.1982)."Courtsmustconstruestatutesasawholeandin $  conjunctionwiththeirsurroundingpartsandtheirinterpretationshouldbeconsistentwiththeir   legislativepurposes."Statev.Turner,913S.W.2d158,160(Tenn.1995).Themeaningofastatute   istobedeterminednotfromspecificwordsinasinglesentenceorsectionbutfromtheactinits   entiretyinlightofthegeneralpurposeofthelegislation;anyinterpretationshouldexpresstheintent   andpurposeofthelegislation.NationalGasDistrib.,Inc.v.State,804S.W.2d66,67(Tenn.1991); p Loftinv.Langsdon,813S.W.2d475,47879(Tenn.Ct.App.1991)."Thecardinalruleofstatutory \ constructionistoeffectuatelegislativeintent,withallrulesofconstructionbeing[aids]tothatend." H Browderv.Morris,975S.W.2d308,311(Tenn.1998).#OXX#XXO 4 #OXXV)#XXO#OXX)#XXO  InStatev.Alford,thedefendantwasconvictedofaggravatedassaultinconnectionwitha  \ stabbingandwasorderedtopayrestitutionof$68,589.09tothevictimsinsurancecarrier,which H paidthemedicalexpenses.970S.W.2dat945.ConstruingthelanguageofTennesseeCode 4 Annotated4035304,oursupremecourtheldthatthestatutedidnotauthorizerestitutiontothe   carrier:   8  [I]tisapparentthattheword victimreferstotheindividualorindividualsagainst  whomtheoffensewasactuallycommitted.Nothinginthestatutesupportsabroader  application.l   8   ` Additionally,avictimsinsurerisnotwithinthenaturalandordinarymeaning X  of victim.Thisistruebecauseaninsurerspaymentofmedicalorotherexpenses D! ismadepursuanttoacontractualobligation....Rather,aninsurercontractsto 0"  accepttheriskthatclaimswillbemadeunderthecontractofinsurance.Therefore, #l! theguidanceofferedfromthelanguageofthestatuteisthatthelegislaturedidnot $X" intend victimtoapplytoinsurersinthiscontext.$D #   Id.at946;seealsoStatev.HoraceWilliamMiley,No.02C019810CC00317(Tenn.Crim.App., &"% atJackson,June17,1999)(relyingonAlfordforreversaloforderofrestitutiontovictimsinsurer '#& inarsoncase);Statev.JoySchmidt,No.02C019710CR00395(Tenn.Crim.App.,atJackson, (#' June7,1999)(reversingorderofrestitutiontotheftvictimsinsurerbasedonAlford). )$(   |*%)   Inourview,Statev.Alfordisdistinguishable.InAlford,thedefendantcommittedan   aggravatedassaultthatresultedinphysicalinjuriestothevictim.Thevictimsmedicalcarrier  incurredliabilityonlybecausethevictimsoughtandreceivedcoverageforhismedicalexpenses.  Oursupremecourtheldthat theTennessee[l]egislatureneitherenvisionednorintendedrestitution t toapplytoinsurerswhichpayclaimsmadeunderaninsurancecontract.970S.W.2dat947 ` (emphasisadded).Inthiscase,however,thedefendantwasconvictedofpresentingafraudulent L  insuranceclaim,definedbystatuteasfollows: 8  8   ` Anypersonwhointentionallypresentsorcausestobepresentedafalseor  ` fraudulentclaim,oranyproofinsupportofsuchclaim,forthepaymentofaloss,or  L  otherbenefits,uponanycontractofinsurancecoverage,orautomobile  8  comprehensiveorcollisioninsurance,orcertificateofsuchinsuranceorprepares, $  makesorsubscribestoafalseorfraudulentaccount,certificate,affidavitorproofof   loss,orotherdocumentsorwriting,withintentthatthesamemaybepresentedor   usedinsupportofsuchclaim,ispunishedasinthecaseoftheft.    Tenn.CodeAnn.3914133.Assuch,Nationwideslosswastheresultofthefraudulentclaim p madedirectlyagainstitbythedefendant.That,ofcourse,isdifferentfromthecircumstancesin \ Alford,#OXX)#XXOwherethelosstotheinsurerwastheresultofthevictimsclaim. H   InCommonwealthv.Layhue,687A.2d382(Pa.SuperCt.1996),theSuperiorCourtof  p Pennsylvaniawasfacedwithanearlyidenticalissue.Layhue,whowasconvictedofconspiringto  \ destroyacarbyfireinordertoobtaininsuranceproceeds,wasorderedtopayrestitutiontothe H insurer.RelyingonCommonwealthv.Galloway,448A.2d568(Pa.SuperCt.1982),inwhichthe 4 PennsylvaniaSuperiorCourtheldthatafireinsurancecompanywasnotavictimentitledto   restitutionbecauseitsobligationwascontractualinnature,thedefendantarguedthattheorderof   restitutionwasillegal.Thecourtdisagreed,however,rulingthattheGallowaydecisiondidnot  precludeanorderofrestitutiontoaninsurerthatisanactualvictimofcriminalconduct:  8  Thereare,ofcourse,casesoffraudulentclaimsorothercriminalmisconductin l dealingwithaninsurerwheretheonlyvictimisaninsurancecompany.Surelyin X  suchcase,Gallowaydidnotintendtoprohibitanorderofrestitution.Rather,we D! interprettheGallowaymajorityasprohibitinganorderofrestitutionwherethe 0"  insurer'slossismerelyconsequentialtothecriminalconduct.InGalloway,thearson #l! waspartofacourseofconductintendedtoharmdefendant'swife.Similarly,Mathis $X" isanassaultcase,wheretheinsurer'sliabilityformedicalexpensesisconsequential $D # tothetreatmentforinjuriessustainedintheassaultupontheintendedvictims.Thus, %0!$ inneithercasewasthereevidencewhichwouldsupportanintentiontoextract &"% paymentsfromaninsurer.Asthecolloquyinthiscasedemonstrates,appellantwas '#& chargedwith(andpleadnolocontendereto)anarsonorexplosiontoacarinorder (#' tocollectinsurance.% U SXXXXԀ%UA#XXXSXA#SXXXXԀThisplacestheinsurancecompanyinthepostureofbeingthe )$( intendedvictimofthecrimeandwe% W #XXXSX5B#%WBSXXXXconcludethattherestitutionorderisneither |*%) illegalnorimpermissibleunderthecontrollingcasesandstatutes....h+&*   Ї687A.2dat38384.  #SOXSX8#SXXSO#XXXSX C#  Inourview,the#OXX#D#XXOTennesseelegislaturedidnotintendtoprecludeinsurersthatareactual  victimsofcrimeandthatsustainresultantlossesfromreceivingrestitution.Whenaninsurance t companypaysavictimsmedicalorotherexpenses,itispursuanttoapolicyobligation.Thus,the ` insurerhascontractedtoaccepttheriskofclaims,doesnotsustainanyunexpectedharm,and,under L  ourstatute,isnotentitledtorestitutionasaconditionofprobation.Alford,970S.W.2dat946.This 8  rationale,however,isinapplicablewheretheinsurerisanactualvictim.Bycontrast,Nationwide $ t acceptedtheriskoflossrelativetothedefendantsresidence;itdidnotaccepttheriskoffraudby  ` itsinsured.b c#  1      ׀SeeAdkinsv.State,781A.2d692(Del.2001)(affirmingawardofrestitutiontoinsurer  L  wherethedefendantwasconvictedofarsonandinsurancefraud);Statev.Kaine,1999OhioApp.  8  LEXIS5467(OhioCt.App.Nov.18,1999)(affirmingrevocationofthedefendantsprobationfor $  failuretopayrestitutiontoinsurerinarsonandinsurancefraudcase);seealsoPeoplev.Mangan,   686N.Y.S.2d506(N.Y.App.Div.1999)(permittingrestitutiontoresidentialinsurerofdefendant   convictedofarson).#OXXD#XXO   #OXXK#XXO#OXXeK#XXO  Accordingly,thejudgmentsofthetrialcourtareaffirmed. p    `     h     ___________________________________  p    `     h     GARYR.WADE,PRESIDINGJUDGE#OXXK#