ÿWPC …UBV %˜U.žÌnÜ 04ß  w@ 4[ 0Jo 0T¹ 0^ 0hk 0rÓ 0|E 0†Á 0G 1u× 0dLU6°B)æDC AMRâŸv~ BÿvÓ D3ï 0@" AObƱ 0Dw D/» Bê<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|XE«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±QXP%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpi„„…ä2¼P±Q„P( ¤T$¡¡Ó  Ó 3U4U5b6D7U8e9:D;<Ó€Ô¡¨ ´<Š4ä>2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d 7Border 1dd€-!Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ØÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌJanuary€30,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'h dStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ\R AØ'\ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X Ҝـ€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ÔßR€"#!A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌOCTOBER€1996€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà à€€APPELLEE,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01„C„01„9602„CR„00053Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDavidson€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAnn€Lacy€Johns,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Sentencing)ÌRICHARD€L.€DARNELL,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àAPPELLANT.à à)ÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌJeffrey€A.€DeVasherà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ1202€Stahlman€Buildingà àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌNashville,€TN€37203à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0497Ì(Appeal€Only)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àTimothy€F.€BehanÌDavid€M.€Siegelà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌ1202€Stahlman€Buildingà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌNashville,€TN€37203Ì(Trial€Only)à àà àà àà àà àà àVictor€S.€Johnson,€IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌOF€COUNSEL:à àà àà àà àà àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€Second€Avenue,€NorthÌKarl€Deanà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌMetropolitan€Public€DefenderÌ1202€Stahlman€Buildingà àà àà àà àRoger€D.€MooreÌNashville,€TN€37203à àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€Second€Avenue,€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:______________________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÑ7€nXXdæXXdÈ7ÑÓ  ÓÔ€„Ôò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÔ€XÔÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€sole€issue€presented€for€review€is€whether€the€sentence€imposed€by€theÏtrial€court€is€excessive.€€The€appellant,€Richard€L.€Darnell,€contends€the€sentence€isÏexcessive€because€the€trial€court€erroneously€used€certain€enhancement€factors€toÏincrease€the€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€theÏrecord,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€the€authorities€governing€the€issue€presented€forÏreview,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€should€beÏaffirmed.Ìà àThe€appellant€was€convicted€of€murder€in€the€first€degree€by€a€jury€of€his€peers.€ÏHe€subsequently€appealed€as€of€right.€€This€Court€reduced€the€conviction€for€murder€inÏthe€first€degree€to€murder€in€the€second€degree.€€This€case€was€remanded€to€the€trialÏcourt€for€a€sentencing€hearing.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Darnellóó,€905€S.W.2d€953€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1995).€€On€remand,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€appellant€was€a€standardÏoffender€and€imposed€a€Range€I€sentence€consisting€of€confinement€for€twenty„fiveÍ(25)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€The€appellant€has€appealed€the€length€ofÏthis€sentence€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).Ìà àThe€trial€court€applied€four€enhancement€factors€in€determining€the€appropriateÏsentence.€€The€court€found€(a)€the€appellant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(b)€he€treated€the€victim€with€exceptionalÏcruelty€during€the€commission€of€the€offense,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5),€(c)€heÏhas€a€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involvingÏrelease€in€the€community,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(8),€and€(d)€the€victim€wasÏparticularly€vulnerable€due€to€age€and€mental€œdisability,›€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(4).€€The€appellant€contends€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€by€applying€factorsÏ(5)€and€(8).Ìà àBefore€a€trial€court€may€apply€factor€(4)€to€enhance€a€sentence€within€theÏappropriate€range,€the€State€of€Tennessee€must€prove€(a)€the€victim€was€particularlyÏvulnerable,€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€35€(Tenn.€1993),€and€(b)€the€age,€physicalÏdisability,€and/or€mental€disability€of€the€victim€was€a€factor€during€the€commission€ofÏthe€crime.€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2d€305,€313€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€€òòState€v.ÏSealsóó,€735€S.W.2d€849,€853„54€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€In€the€context€of€this€œcase,›Ïthe€State€of€Tennessee€failed€to€establish€either€of€these€prerequisites.Ìà àThe€victim,€sixty„six€years€of€age€at€the€time€of€her€death,€lived€alone.€€A€memberÏof€the€family€described€the€victim€as€being€"healthy."€€She€described€the€victim€asÏ"slightly,€maybe€mentally€slow,€but€not,€she€was€not€retarded€or€unable€to€care€forÏherself."€€In€fact,€the€victim€could€"pay€her€bills"€and€was€able€to€perform€most€of€theÏroutine€tasks€required€by€life.Ìà àThese€facts,€standing€alone,€are€not€sufficient€to€support€the€use€of€factor€(4).€ÏConsequently,€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€by€applying€this€factor€to€enhanceÏthe€appellant's€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range.Ìà àThis€Court€has€previously€held€factor€(5)€is€not€an€element€of€murder.€€This€factorÏhas€been€used€to€enhance€the€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range€in€numerousÏhomicide€cases.€€òòSeeóó,€òòforóó€òòexampleóó,€òòState€v.€Hicksóó,€835€S.W.2d€32,€39€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1992);€òòState€v.€Robert€E.€Sandersonóó,€Davidson€County€No.€01„C„01„9308„CR„00269€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€September€27,€1995),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1996)(murder€second€degree).€€Consequently,€this€factor€may€be€used€in€a€homicideÏcase€to€enhance€a€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range€if€supported€by€the€evidence.Ìà àIn€the€context€of€this€case,€the€trial€court€properly€applied€factor€(5)€to€enhanceÏthe€appellant's€sentence.€€The€conduct€of€the€appellant€during€the€commission€of€thisÏcrime€was€mean„spirited,€despicable,€hideous,€and€revolting.€€The€evidenceÏestablished€the€appellant€stabbed€the€victim€on€four€occasions.€€An€examination€of€theÏvictim's€body€revealed€she€had€been€stabbed€twice€in€the€back€as€well€as€once€in€theÏneck€and€once€in€the€abdomen.€€These€wounds€did€not€result€in€the€victim's€deathÏinstantaneously.€€To€the€contrary,€the€victim€was€left€lying€on€the€floor€and€bledÏprofusely€for€a€period€of€time.€€These€facts€are€sufficient€to€support€factor€(5).€€TheyÏillustrate€the€appellant€treated€the€victim€with€exceptional€cruelty.Ìà àNeither€the€transcript€of€the€sentencing€hearing€nor€the€presentence€reportÏreveals€whether€the€appellant's€probation€or€parole€had€been€previously€revoked.€€TheÏState€of€Tennessee€indicated€it€would€establish€factor€(8)€through€the€records€of€theÏclerk.€€Ñ X ÑHowever,€the€state€did€not€offer€any€evidence.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€abused€itsÏdiscretion€in€using€factor€(8)€to€enhance€the€appellant's€sentence€within€theÍappropriate€range.Ìà àThe€record€reflects€a€knife€was€used€to€kill€the€victim.€€Since€the€use€of€aÏweapon€is€not€an€element€of€murder€in€the€second€degree,€the€trial€court€should€haveÏused€enhancement€factor€(9)€to€increase€the€appellantððs€sentence.€€This€factor€isÏapplicable€when€the€accused€employs€a€dangerous€weapon€to€commit€the€offense.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(9).€€A€knife€is€a€"dangerous€weapon"€within€the€meaningÏof€this€factor.Ìà àThe€fact€two€enhancement€factors€were€erroneously€used€to€enhance€theÏsentence€does€not€equate€to€a€reduction€in€the€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€882ÏS.W.2d€410,€423€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).€€This€Court€hasÏfound€enhancement€factor€(9)€is€applicable€and€should€have€been€used€to€enhanceÏthe€appellant's€sentence.€€In€addition,€the€appellant,€who€was€thirty„three€years€of€ageÏwhen€he€was€sentenced€by€the€trial€court,€has€an€extensive€history€of€prior€convictions.€ÏHe€has€been€convicted€of€assault,€five€counts,€malicious€mischief,€four€counts,€publicÏintoxication,€four€counts,€criminal€trespass,€two€counts,€resisting€arrest,€two€counts,Ïdriving€while€license€revoked,€two€counts,€driving€under€the€influence,€disorderlyÏconduct,€contributing€to€the€delinquency€of€a€minor,€possession€of€dangerous€weaponÏwith€the€intent€to€go€armed,€possession€of€stolen€property,€attempt€to€commit€a€felony,Ïtwo€counts,€€theft€under€$500,€larceny,€larceny€from€the€person,€and€petit€larceny.€€ThisÏfactor,€which€was€not€challenged,€is€entitled€to€great€weight.€€The€trial€court€accordedÏthis€factor€great€weight€in€sentencing€the€appellant.€€Factor€(5)€is€also€entitled€to€greatÏweight.€€€à àÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€WILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_________________________________________Ì€€€€J.€STEVEN€STAFFORD,€SPECIAL€JUDGE