ÿWPCÅ 6# UN %] 0(cw@‹4Ëßî 0†ö 0D| 0JÀ 0T  0^^ 0h¼ 0r$ 0|– 0† 0˜ 1u( 0d 0@ D3A Bt U>‘ B)Ï DCø AQ; ÆŒ 0DR 0D– D/Ú B U*& AMP  ¥Ì¨v~tvÓò˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ Ó[Ô[ÕDÖDרDÙÚDÛӀ猃*#`aCþÿ3|xç(6(2Ä$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò""""'ÿÿdxd d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd*+ ,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd< Œ 9p`(Arial* (Cþÿ << Gÿÿ þÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€/ÔÔ€/ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€/XÔÌÌò òSeptember€16,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€/ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó ùÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€As€a€result€of€the€1995€amendment€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1),Ïð ðdeliberateðð€is€no€longer€a€required€element€of€first€degree€murder.€€òòSeeóó€1995€Public€Acts,ÏChapter€460.€€Since€the€instant€offense€was€committed€prior€to€this€amendment,Ïð ðdeliberateðð€was€a€required€element€of€first€degree€murder.Ì ÂÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Jenkins€testified€that€ð ðButterðð€was€the€dominant€perpetrator€in€the€shooting€andÏthat€the€defendant€was€not€with€them€at€the€time.€€In€his€testimony€he€stated€that€they€wereÏð ðtrying€to€shoot€the€house€up.€€We€wasnððt€[sic]€trying€to€shoot€no€individual.ððÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€&ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÙ€*ÙÓ  ÓÔ€/ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€01(A1-j|º¦` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌÌà@ àSEPTEMBER€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òNO.€02C01„9610„CR„00352ó óÌà àAppellee,à@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òSHELBY€COUNTYÌVS.ó óà@ à)Ìà@ à)à àœò òHON.€JAMES€C.€BEASLEY,ÏJR.,›€ÌCEDRIC€DAVIS,ó óà@ àœ)à àò òJUDGEó ó›Ìà@ àœ)ò òÌà àó óAppellant.à@ à)à à(First€Degree€Murder)ÌÌÌÌò òòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌW.€MARK€WARD€(on€appeal)à àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÌ147€Jefferson,€Suite€900à àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌMemphis,€TN€38103Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òKAREN€M.€YACUZZOó óÌò òWILBUR€C.€RULEMAN,€JR.€(at€trial)ó óà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ251€Adams€Avenueà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌMemphis,€TN€38103à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òWILLIAM€L.€GIBBONSó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJAMES€M.€LAMMEYó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÏGeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€301›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€38103ÌÌÌÌÌÌò òOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,ÌJUDGEÇÓÓÑ7€õXXdìXXdì7Ñà@ àòòOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Cedric€Davis,€was€convicted€by€a€Shelby€County€jury€ofÏmurder€in€the€first€degree.€€He€was€sentenced€to€life€in€prison.€€On€appeal,€heÏchallenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€by€arguing€œthat›€(1)€theÏstate€did€not€establish€his€identity€beyond€a€reasonable€œdoubt,›€and€(2)€the€stateÏfailed€to€establish€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€homicide€was€intentional,Ïpremeditated€and€deliberate.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€we€find€thatÏthe€evidence€is€sufficient€to€sustain€his€conviction.€€The€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt€is€affirmed.ÌÌà@ àò òòòFACTSó óóóÌÌà àThe€stateððs€proof€at€trial€showed€that€at€approximately€5:30€p.m.€on€AprilÏ30,€1993,€defendant,€Kedrick€Crutcher€(ð ðPokeyðð)€and€Kavious€Jenkins€(ð ðTeddyÏBearðð)€œwere€traveling€in€an€automobile€looking€for€Phillip€Thomas.›€€BothÏdefendant€and€Jenkins€were€carrying€weapons.€€They€asked€a€group€of€peopleÏœif›€Phillip€Thomas€lived€in€œthe›€œhome€at€219€Silver€Maple.›€€œOne€person€in€theÏgroup,€Marcel›€œPratcher,›€œidentified€the›€defendant€œas€the€person€who€was€armedÏwith€what€appeared€to€be€a€TECH„9€weapon€and€who€stated,›€ð ðtell€Phillip€IððmÏgoing€to€kill€his€momma€and€then€heððs€going€to€be€next.ððÌà àDefendant,€Crutcher€and€Jenkins€pulled€into€the€driveway€at€219€SilverÏMaple.€€Two€of€the€men€jumped€out€of€the€car€and€began€œshooting.›€€LauraÍWarren,€Phillip€Thomasðð€grandmother,€was€shutting€the€front€door€œwhen›€sheÏwas€hit€by€one€of€the€bullets.€€œShe›€died€of€a€gunshot€wound€to€the€œchest.€€TheÏvictimððs€granddaughter€and€another€person€in€the€neighborhood€identified€theÏdefendant€as€one€of€the€gunmen.›Ìà àDefendant€offered€an€alibi€defense€at€trial.€€His€wife,€Teresa,€testified€thatÏdefendant€was€with€her€at€the€Wilson€Inn€on€American€Way€at€the€time€of€theÏincident.€€She€presented€a€receipt€from€the€hotel€which€showed€a€check„in€timeÏof€5:54€p.m.€on€the€day€of€the€shooting.€€Furthermore,€Yolanda€Aikens€testifiedÏthat€defendant€hit€her€car€as€she€was€leaving€the€hotel€at€approximately€5:30Ïp.m.€on€April€30.Ìà àJenkins€also€testified€on€behalf€of€the€defense.€€He€claimed€thatÏdefendant€was€not€involved€in€the€œincident€and€insisted›€the€shooting€wasÏcarried€out€by€Crutcher,€himself€and€a€man€named€ð ðButter.ððÌà àOn€rebuttal,€the€state€presented€a€letter€written€to€Crutcher.€€In€the€letter,Ïthe€writer€asks€Crutcher€to€assist,€along€with€ð ðTeddy€Bear,ðð€in€a€plan€to€blameÏthe€shooting€on€a€man€named€ð ðButter.ðð€€A€handwriting€expert€testified€that€theÏwriting€in€the€letter€was€consistent€with€that€of€the€defendantððs.€€Additionally,ÏCindy€Mahoney,€an€employee€of€Wilson€Inn,€testified€that€there€was€no€record€œof›Ïœdefendantððs›€œstaying›€at€that€hotel€on€April€30.Ìà àDefendant€testified€on€surrebuttal.€€He€denied€writing€the€letter€toÏœCrutcher.€€The€state€then€asked€defendant€about›€ten€(10)€prior€felonyÏœconvictions€for€impeachment€purposes.›Ìà àThe€jury€returned€a€verdict€of€guilty€of€murder€in€the€first€degree.€ÍœDefendant›€was€sentenced€to€life€imprisonment.€€From€this€conviction,€defendantÏbrings€this€appeal.ÌÌà@ àò òòòSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEóóó óÌÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€courtÏmust€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€during€the€trialÏwas€sufficient€œð ðto›€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€aÏreasonable€œdoubt.ð𛀀Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).Ì€à àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€does€not€reweighÏor€re„evaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€œ(Tenn.Ï1978).›€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€ofÏfact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286ÏS.W.2d€856,€859€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€court€is€required€to€afford€the€stateÏthe€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€asÏall€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€theÏevidence.€€òòState€v.€Tuttleóó,€914€S.W.2d€926,€932€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.1995).€€œð ðA›Ïguilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€ofÏthe€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€theÏœState.ð𛀀òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).Ìà àBecause€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€andÏreplaces€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€courtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€byÍthe€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòState€v.ÏGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€476.Ìà@ àò òA.€€Identity€of€the€Defendantó óÌà àDefendant€asserts€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€his€identity€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€Specifically,€he€claims€that€there€is€insufficient€evidence€toÏjustify€a€finding€that€he€was€œone›€of€the€assailants€involved€in€the€shooting€ofÏWarren.€€He€bases€this€contention€on€the€fact€that€several€witnesses€testifiedÏthat€he€was€not€present€during€the€shooting.€€As€a€result,€he€argues€that€theÏevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€a€finding€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ìà àð ðThe€defense€of€alibi€and€the€question€of€identification€present€issues€ofÏfact€determinable€by€the€jury€as€the€exclusive€judges€of€the€credibility€of€theÏwitnesses€and€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony.ðð€€òòState€v.€Cateóó,€746ÏS.W.2d€727,€729€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Stricklandóó,€885ÏS.W.2d€85,€87€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€635€S.W.2d€704,€705Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982).€€The€state€presented€two€eyewitnesses€to€the€shootingÏwho€testified€that€defendant€was€one€of€the€men€who€fired€his€weapon€at€theÏhouse€and€its€occupants.€€Although€œother›€witnesses€testified€that€the€defendantÏwas€not€present€during€the€shooting,€questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€theÏwitnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€factualÏissues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€ÏòòState€v.€Tuttleóó,€914€S.W.2d€at€932.€€We€find€that€there€is€sufficient€evidence€fromÏwhich€a€reasonable€trier€of€fact€could€conclude€that€defendant€was€involved€inÏthe€shooting.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà@ àò òB.€€Intentional,€Premeditated€and€Deliberateó óÌà àDefendant€also€contends€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€that€the€homicideÏwas€intentional,€premeditated€and€deliberate.€€He€argues€that€because€the€stateÏdid€not€prove€these€elements,€he€is€merely€guilty€of€second€degree€murder.€ÏTherefore,€he€claims€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€a€conviction€forÏmurder€in€the€first€degree.Ìà àThe€law€is€well„established€in€Tennessee€that€all€homicides€areÏpresumed€to€be€murder€in€the€second€degree.€€òòState€v.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144,Ï147€(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€543€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€stateÏbears€the€burden€to€prove€premeditation€and€deliberation€in€order€to€elevate€theÏoffense€to€murder€in€the€first€degree.€€òòIdóó.Ìà àAt€the€time€the€offense€was€committed,€first€degree€murder€was€definedÏas€the€ð ðintentional,€premeditated€and€deliberate€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€œ39„13„202(a)(1)(1991).× ƒ2 ××  ×›€€A€deliberate€act€is€one€ð ðperformed€with€a€coolÏpurpose,ðð€whereas€a€premeditated€act€is€one€ð ðdone€after€the€exercise€ofÏreflection€and€judgment.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„201(b)(1991).€€As€ourÏSupreme€Court€noted€in€òòState€v.€Westóó,€ð ð[t]he€element€of€premeditation€requiresÏa€previously€formed€design€or€intent€to€kill.€€Deliberation,€on€the€other€hand,Ïrequires€that€the€killing€be€done€with€a€cool€purpose€„„€in€other€words,€that€theÏkiller€be€free€from€the€passions€of€the€moment.ðð€844€S.W.2d€at€147€(citationsÍomitted).Ìà àThe€elements€of€premeditation€and€deliberation€may€be€established€byÏthe€circumstances€surrounding€the€offense.€€òòState€v.€Bordisóó,€905€S.W.2d€214,Ï221€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Gentryóó,€881€S.W.2d€1,€3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1993).€€Indeed,€in€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€òòsupraóó,€our€Supreme€Court€recognized:€ÌÓÓà8 àœthere›€may€be€legitimate€first„degree€murder€cases€in€which€there€isÏno€direct€evidence€of€the€perpetrator's€state€of€mind.€Since€thatÏstate€of€mind€is€crucial€to€the€establishment€of€the€elements€of€theÏoffense,€the€cases€have€long€recognized€that€the€necessaryÏelements€of€first„degree€murder€may€be€shown€by€circumstantialÏevidence.€Relevant€circumstances€recognized€by€other€courtsÏaround€the€country€have€included€the€fact€œð ðthat›€a€deadly€weaponÏwas€used€upon€an€unarmed€victim;€that€the€homicidal€act€was€partÏof€a€conspiracy€to€kill€persons€of€a€particular€class;€that€the€killingÏwas€particularly€cruel;€òòthat€weapons€with€which€to€commit€theÏhomicide€were€procured;€that€the€defendant€made€declarations€ofÏhis€intent€to€kill€the€victimóó;€or€that€preparations€were€made€beforeÏthe€homicide€for€concealment€of€the€crime,€as€by€the€digging€of€aÏœgrave.ðð›ÌÌÓÓ836€S.W.2d€at€541„42€(quoting€C.€Torcia,€òòWharton's€Criminal€Lawóó€ðð€140€(14thÏed.€1979)(emphasis€added).Ìà àIn€the€case€òòsub€judiceóó,€we€find€that€the€state€provided€sufficient€proof€thatÏthe€defendant€acted€with€premeditation,€deliberation€and€the€intent€to€kill.€ÏDefendant,€along€with€Crutcher€and€Jenkins,€armed€themselves€with€weaponsÏand€proceeded€œto›€the€home€where€Thomas€lived.€€They€asked€a€group€ofÏpeople€if€Thomas€lived€in€that€home.€€Defendant€stated€œthat›€he€intended€to€killÏThomas€and€his€mother.€€After€they€drove€into€the€driveway€of€the€home,€two€ofÏthe€men€fired€œnumerous€shots.€€Defendant€was€identified€by€eyewitnesses€asÏone€of€the€gunmen.›€€Thirteen€(13)€9mm€shell€casings€were€found€in€theÍimmediate€area€of€the€shooting.€€Although€Jenkins€testified€that€they€did€notÏintend€to€hurt€anyone,× ƒ3 ××  ×€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€choose€to€disbelieve€thisÏœtestimony.€€Furthermore,›€the€fact€that€Warren€was€killed€instead€of€Thomas€or€hisÏmother€makes€the€defendant€no€less€culpable.€€œòòSeeóó›€òòState€v.€Summerallóó,€926ÏS.W.2d€œ272,€275›€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€œ1995);€òòState€v.€Bryant€Dewayne€Millenóó,ÏC.C.A.€No.€02C01„9602„CR„00049€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€March€7,€1997,€atÏJackson).›€€This€issue€has€no€merit.ÌÌœÌÌ›à@ àò òòòCONCLUSIONó óóóÌÌà àWe€find€that€there€is€sufficient€evidence€from€which€a€rational€trier€of€factÏcould€determine€that€the€defendant€was€one€of€the€perpetrators€involved€in€theÏshooting€of€Warren.€€Additionally,€we€find€sufficient€evidence€that€the€homicideÏwas€intentional,€premeditated€and€deliberate.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEó ó