WPC: pq(͍mnIAYkjfӪ v MF.q͞$ʺLԵLofkL󸤰ʹUQ4@JP&JW=(+bڲD(l XPx /Ҹ(cq#+SPqH(X$![uZ{LA%[}{y]թ9\iCx(1L_tMK)?s @GWoy%4c de#dakD7JgoK7X~$Mn)CNwgqy;B;AC-l:&[篶h3P{/ӹ N1XdgwpסY)tl/2 &:q8/0lDOx S?M .hBN]E#DjP'7} / %g|xdؾ mhd1ϳ-1+H`T}hb#\ % N# 0% U N 0U 0P z9  z  ^ w  m34N E  m" 09 0 0 0 0 0 0p 0CD 0 0^ 02 0 0 0 0d 0) 0@ 0) 0 0 0 0g!b/" 07" 0" 0# 00{$ 0<$ 0$ 0>% 0v% 0`Y& 0`& 0`' 0`y' 0`' 089( 0q( 02C) 0u) 0:q* 0Y* 0_+ 0 c+ 0jm, 0- B*[/ D// 0/ D/81 0g1 0652 0k2 0:s3 0^3 0< 4U6G4U >}4 04U*5 0N56 B&6U@C6 06 D5'7 D-\7 0K77 AS7'8 08 0D9 A9HP LaserJet 40500(`$.8dd8    ("  Z6Times New Roman Regular*+ (_2623  ..*G+M (_25   /%` ` hp x /23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5   C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptyg-s Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 53j1,3|xU*D+M (_24   ," hp x ,23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *A+M (_23  ` ) hp x )23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *>+M (_22   &hhp x &23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *;+M (_21   #p x #23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *8+M (_20  h  p x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *5+M (_19   pp x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *2+M (_18    x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  * (_1723  Ԁ*GM (_16   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *DM (_15   ," hp x ,23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *AM (_14  ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *>M (_13   &hhp x &23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *;M (_12   #p x #23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *8M (_11  h  p x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *5M (_10   pp x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  (2M &_9    x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  ( &_823  (GM &_7   /%` ` hp x /23   5+ ` hp x 5  (DM &_6   ," hp x ,23   5+ ` hp x 5  (AM &_5  ` ) hp x )23   5+ ` hp x 5  (>M &_4   &hhp x &23   5+ ` hp x 5  (;M &_3   #p x #23   5+ ` hp x 5  - -(8M &_2  h  p x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  (5M &_1   pp x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  &2M $_    x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  0.Normal<:Definition T<AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 586Definition(''&H1      (&H2  (&H3  (&H4 XXX (&H5  (&H6  20Address8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEKP<6X9`(Courier NewKSQ\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard KP<6X9`(Courier NewKSQ\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted/%  ,Kk %#/KP<6X9`(Courier NewKSQ\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/<:zBottom of 7G(X7  ?S%2A`Arial?  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SQ\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X7F)2dxd0KS.SampleKP<6X9`(Courier NewKSQ\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterKP<6X9`(Courier NewKSQ\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB  <6X9`(Courier New\  `&Times New Roman(|G2$ !.8K=dd8         0  E%2A`Arial(O$  d(I Z(Times New Roman (|3z$ !.8K=dd8     VVVV)!dxdx)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  ^_X`YE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3z$ !.8K=dd8     ($$   1  X[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK !.8K=dd8     _   K=8!XXdd8WK=K=@ttWWK=INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @WW$ATKNOXVILLE#WK=W+#Ԉ &    @  @` AssignedonBriefsJune19,2002 L WX!XWK= #WK=XWX!=#STATEOFTENNESSEEv.JAMESMICHAELDAVISWX!XWK=  J @@ AppealfromtheCriminalCourtforHamiltonCounty  J @@No.229673RebeccaJ.Stern,Judge  6 @@*AV) ` dE<` A   @@TTNo.E200101656CCAR3CD   August_26,_Ԁ2002   AV) ` dE<|` A }     Thedefendant,JamesMichaelDavis,wasconvictedofdrivingundertheinfluence.Thetrialcourt x  imposedasentenceof11months,29days,withallbut48hourssuspended.Inthisappealofright, d thedefendantassertsthatbecausethepoliceofficersdidnothave reasonablesuspiciontowarrant P aninvestigatorystop,thetrialcourterredbydenyinghismotiontosuppress.Thejudgmentofthe < trialcourtisaffirmed. (x  Tenn.R.App.P.3;JudgmentoftheTrialCourtAffirmed  P   #WK=WX!#WX!X.WK=GaryR.Wade,P.J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichDavidH.WellesandNorma ( McGeeOgle,JJ.,joined.  ArdenaJ.Garth,DistrictPublicDefender(onappealandattrial);DonnaRobinsonMiller,Assistant  DistrictPublicDefender(onappeal);andKarlaGothard,AssistantDistrictPublicDefender(attrial),  fortheappellant,JamesM.Davis. t PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneral&Reporter;DavidH.Findley,AssistantAttorneyGeneral;and L  MarySullivanMooreandDeanC.Ferraro,AssistantDistrictAttorneysGeneral,fortheappellee, 8!  StateofTennessee. $"t! n@@OO& OPINION #WK=XWX!#WX!XWK= #L# #WK=XWX! #WX!XWK=    OfficerCharlesBrownoftheChattanoogaPoliceDepartmenttestifiedthat#WK=XWX!W #WX!XWK=atapproximately %$!% 3:00a.m.onApril28,1999,heandCadetCharlesMartin,Jr.,wereonroutinepatrolwhenthey &"& observedthedefendantsvehicleparkedalongWestsideDrive.Afemalewasleaninginthe '"' passengerssidewindow.Astheofficersvehicleapproached,thedefendantdrovehisvehicleaway (#( and thefemalestartedpointingathiminamannertogoafterhim.Thedefendantdroveacross )$) thestreetintotheparkinglotofKingsLodge.Becauseprostitutionandnarcoticsactivitieswere p*%* commoninthearea,theofficersactivatedtheirbluelightsandconductedaninvestigatorystop.The \+&+ defendanthadanopenbeerinthevehicleand,accordingtotheofficers, smelledofanintoxicant. H,', Whenthedefendantperformedpoorlyonfieldsobrietytests,hewasarrested. 4-(- Ї  OfficerBrowntestifiedthatthedefendantsawthecruiserbeforedrivingaway.While  acknowledgingthatthedefendantdidnotspeedordriveerratically,theofficerexplainedthatthe  female,aprostitutewithwhomthedefendanthadbeentalking,pointed vigorouslyatthedeparting  vehicle.Afterthedefendantwasstopped,thefemaletalkedtotheofficers. t   OfficerMartincorroboratedthetestimonyofOfficerBrown.Hetestifiedthatthedefendant L   fledthesceneandconfirmedthatthefemalesignaledtheofficerstostopthecar.OfficerMartin 8  statedthathesuspectedthatthefemalewasaprostituteandthatthedefendanthadbeenattempting $ t tosolicitherservices.Herecalledthatthedefendantperformedpoorlyonthreefieldsobrietytests.  ` Duringcrossexamination,OfficerMartinacknowledgedthatthecruisersbluelightswerenoton  L  atthetimethedefendantdroveawayandthatthedefendantdroveintotheparkinglotimmediately  8  aftertheywereactivated. $    Thetrialcourtdeniedthedefensemotiontosuppress,rulingasfollows:   8  [I]twas3:00a.m.,thedefendantwasparkedinabusinessparkinglotwithsomeone   outsidethecartalkingandoneofficer,OfficerMartin,testified[t]hat[it]appeared p tobea[ ]disorder[]bythebodylanguage.Whentheypulledupbehindthecar,the \ officertestifiedthecardroveoff,andawomancontinuedgesturing,indic[a]tingthat H sometypeofdisorderwasinprogress.Ithinkatthatpoint,theofficershad 4 articulablesuspiciontostopanddetainandfurtherinvestigatethecase. p     Boththestateandfederalconstitutionsprotectindividualsfromunreasonablesearchesand H seizures;thegeneralruleisthatawarrantlesssearchorseizureispresumedunreasonableandany 4 evidencediscoveredsubjecttosuppression.U.S.Const.amend.IV;Tenn.Const.art.I,QX!XXWX!#WX!XXQX!%#7;   Coolidgev.NewHampshire,403U.S.443,45455,29L.Ed.2d564,91S.Ct.2022(1971);State   v.Bridges,963S.W.2d487,490(Tenn.1997).Anautomobilestopconstitutesa"seizure"within  themeaningofboththeFourthAmendmentoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionandArticleI,section  7oftheTennesseeConstitution.MichiganDep'tofStatePolicev.Sitz,496U.S.444,450,110L.  Ed.2d412,110S.Ct.2481(1990);Delawarev.Prouse,440U.S.648,653,59L.Ed.2d660,99 l S.Ct.1391(1979);Statev.Binion,900S.W.2d702,705(Tenn.Crim.App.1994);Statev. X  Westbrooks,594S.W.2d741,743(Tenn.Crim.App.1979).Thefactthatthedetentionmaybebrief D! andlimitedinscopedoesnotalterthatfact.Prouse,440U.S.at653;_State_Ԁv.Pulley,863S.W.2d 0"  29,30(Tenn.1993);Binion,900S.W.2dat705;Westbrooks,594S.W.2dat743.Thebasic #l! question,asindicated,iswhethertheseizurewas"reasonable."Binion,900S.W.2dat705(citing $X" Sitz,496U.S.at444).Thestatealwayscarriestheburdenofestablishingthereasonablenessofany $D # detention.SeeStatev.MatthewManuel,No.8796III(Tenn.Crim.App.,atNashville,Nov.23, %0!$ 1988). &"%   Amongthenarrowlydefinedexceptionstothewarrantrequirementisaninvestigatorystop. (#' SeeTerryv.Ohio,392U.S.1,2728,20L.Ed.2d889,88S.Ct.1868(1968).Aninvestigatorystop )$( isdeemedlessintrusivethananarrest.Seeid.InPulley,oursupremecourtruledthat"the |*%) reasonablenessofseizureslessintrusivethanafullscalearrestisjudgedbyweighingthegravityof h+&* thepublicconcern,thedegreetowhichtheseizureadvancesthatconcern,andtheseverityofthe  intrusionintoindividualprivacy."863S.W.2dat30.    Ourdeterminationofthereasonablenessofthestopofthevehicledependsonwhetherthe t officershadeitherprobablecauseoran"articulableandreasonablesuspicion"thatthevehicleorits ` occupantsweresubjecttoseizureforviolationofthelaw.SeeProuse,440U.S.at663;Statev. L  Coleman,791S.W.2d504,505(Tenn.Crim.App.1989).Probablecausehasbeengenerallydefined 8  asareasonablegroundforsuspicion,supportedbycircumstancesindicativeofanillegalact.See $ t Leav.State,181Tenn.378,38081,181S.W.2d351,352(1944).Whileprobablecauseisnot  ` necessaryforaninvestigativestop,itisarequirementthattheofficer'sreasonablesuspicionbe  L  supportedby"specificandarticulablefactswhich,takentogetherwithrationalinferencesfromthose  8  facts,reasonablywarrantthatintrusion."Terry,392U.S.at21;Pulley,863S.W.2dat30;Coleman, $  792S.W.2dat505;seealsoStatev.Watkins,827S.W.2d293,294(Tenn.1992)(applyingTerry   doctrineincontextofvehicularstop).Indeterminingwhetherreasonablesuspicionexists,an   importantfactorintheanalysisisthatreasonablesuspicionisalessdemandingstandardthan   probablecausenotonlyinthesensethatreasonablesuspicioncanbeestablishedwithinformation   thatisdifferentinquantityorcontentthanthatrequiredtoestablishprobablecause,butalsointhe p sensethatreasonablesuspicioncanarisefrominformationthatislessreliablethanthatrequiredto \ showprobablecause.Pulley,863S.W.2dat32(quotingAlabamav.White,496U.S.325,330,110 H L.Ed.2d301,110S.Ct.2412(1990)). 4   Courtsconsideringtheissueofreasonablesuspicionmustlooktothetotalityofthe  \ circumstances.Thosecircumstancesincludethepersonalobservationsofthepoliceofficer, H informationobtainedfromotherofficersoragencies,informationobtainedfromcitizens,andthe 4 patternofoperationofcertainoffenders.Watkins,827S.W.2dat294(citingUnitedStatesv.   Cortez,449U.S.411,41718(1981)).Objectivestandardsapplyratherthanthesubjectivebeliefs   oftheofficermakingthestop.Statev.Norword,938S.W.2d23,25(Tenn.Crim.App.1996).QX!XXWX!Ԁ    Itwasapproximately3:00a.m.whenOfficersBrownandMartinfirstobservedthe  defendantsvehicleonthesideoftheroadway.Theareawasknownforprostitutionandillegaldrug l activity.AfemalethatOfficerBrownrecognizedasaprostitutewasleaningintothevehicles X  passengerssidewindowand,accordingto_Officer_ԀMartin,appearedtobeinadisputewiththe D! defendant.Asthedefendantdroveaway,apparentlyinresponsetoseeingthepolicecruiser,the 0"  femalesoughttheofficersinterventionandsignaledforthemtostopthecar.Inourview,these #l! factsprovidedtheofficerswithspecific,articulablegroundstosuspectthatthedefendantwas $X" involvedin___solicitation_Ԁof_prostitution_______Ԁwhichmeritedaninvestigation.SeeStatev.KennethCarl $D # Scarlett,880S.W.2d707(Tenn.Crim.App.1993)(upholdinginvestigatorystopofvehicleat3:30 %0!$ a.m.nearschoolfromwhichseveralrecentcomplaintsaboutprowlersandvandalismhad &"% originated);#WX!XXQX!-#QX!XXWX!Statev.LarryD.Johnson,No.02C019807CC00218(Tenn.Crim.App.,atJackson, '#& June18,1999)(upholdinginvestigatorystopwhereofficeronroutinepatrolhadreasonable (#' suspicionthatdefendant,whomhehadobservedarguingwithtwowomenontheirporch,had )$( createdadomesticdisturbance). |*%)  h+&*   Accordingly,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.  #WX!XXQX!3#   `     h     ___________________________________ `    `     h     GARYR.WADE,PRESIDINGJUDGE