ÿWPCû ð\am~®L~ ÒÝ#·^í8ðž³yöm6ƒe¡5,fh<`çÿ®pf†ãkÕM°£=»7þüµË—¢o1§›çkÕ[ ®r&Q¨›Œ i|¥i4eI/W\ß·lÇ(£œìTº¢iý!}Øã«ÐX ÚÞÂx6´"™TO½³:y@1†{§æÖw°ÍŽ.jDYº‡¦O|ya=8ƒ(©Ïa¹˜ò—åÜ“HJû;ò¤ÆSN\)ø_®ÈO âO0µ¹D±£ÃsÂz¤í7Óü²/‘l¹2üwG‡„m6ÛTC~´}ö5È‘C‡W”ÎV¢^Ï<'wí‡è±du$Þ *–2ºíñÄ DÉhN+6ˆ ÐBill€Gibson,€District€Attorney€General;€William€M.€Locke,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€forÐ Ô$ Ðthe€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð º  ÐÓêÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼_ð»XX, #ÔÔ‡X, X»¼_ðÔÐ † Ö  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼_ð»XX,  #ÔÔ‡X, X»¼_ðÔÓ  Óà  àThe€Defendant,€James€Henry€Davis,€has€a€long€history€of€mental€illness.€€At€the€time€theÐ R"¢" Ðvictim€was€killed,€Ô#†¼_ð»XX, e #ÔÔ€X, X»¼_ðÔshe€and€the€Defendant€had€been€ð ðdating,ðð€although€the€record€is€unclearÐ 8#ˆ# Ðconcerning€the€duration€or€nature€of€their€relationship.€€On€August€11,€1997,€the€victim€returned€toÐ $n$ Ðher€home€from€the€White€County€Hospital,€where€she€was€employed.€€She€arrived€at€her€home€a€fewÐ %T % Ðminutes€after€eleven€p.m.€€Her€daughter,€who€was€about€fourteen€years€old€at€the€time,€was€at€homeÐ ê%:!& Ðwhen€she€returned.€€Hearing€her€mother€arrive€at€the€house,€the€victim's€daughter€turned€on€the€porchÐ Ð& "' Ðlight€and€went€to€the€door€to€meet€her€mother.€€At€that€time,€the€Defendant,€who€apparently€had€beenÐ ¶'#( Ðwaiting€for€the€victim's€return,€came€running€up€to€the€victim€and€viciously€attacked€her€with€aÐ œ(ì#) Ðbutcher€knife.€€The€victim€attempted€to€defend€herself,€but€she€was€stabbed€and€slashed€numerousÐ ‚)Ò$* Ðtimes€about€her€face,€arms€and€torso.€€She€died€shortly€thereafter.€€Immediately€after€the€attack,€theÐ h*¸%+ ÐDefendant€ran€from€the€scene.€€A€short€time€after€the€killing,€the€Defendant€apparently€turnedÐ N+ž&, Ðhimself€in€at€the€White€County€Sheriff's€Department.Ð 4,„'- ÐÐ -j(.ý Ðà  àThe€Defendant€was€indicted€for€the€premeditated€first€degree€murder€of€the€victim.€Ð ° ÐFollowing€a€mental€evaluation€and€treatment,€and€after€numerous€pretrial€motions,€the€DefendantÐ –æ Ðentered€into€a€negotiated€plea€agreement,€under€which€he€pleaded€guilty€to€the€lesser„includedÐ |Ì Ðoffense€of€second€degree€murder.€€After€a€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€judge€sentenced€him€toÐ b² Ðtwenty„four€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction,€which€is€one€year€less€than€the€twenty„five€yearÐ H˜ Ðmaximum€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony.€€It€is€from€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€judge€that€theÐ . ~ ÐDefendant€appeals.Ð  d ÐÌà  àÔ‡X, XXX, ÔWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€CourtÐ à 0 Ðhas€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinationsÐ Æ   Ðmade€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€isÐ ¬ ü  Ðð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÐ ’â  Ðprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔAshbyÔ_Ôóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ð xÈ  Ð1991).Ð ^®  ÐÌà  àWhen€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider:€(a)€the€evidence,Ð *z  Ðif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€the€presentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ ` Ðsentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÐ öF Ðcriminal€conduct€involved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÐ Ü, Ðmade€by€the€defendant€regarding€sentencing;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€of€potential€forÐ Â Ðrehabilitation€or€treatment.€€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€755€S.W.2d€838,€844€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988);€Tenn.Ð ¨ø ÐCode€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210.Ð ŽÞ ÐÌÔ#†X, XXX, C#Ôà  àThe€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€the€mid„point€of€the€range€if€there€are€noÐ Zª Ðenhancement€and€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€If€there€are€mitigating€andÐ @ Ðenhancement€factors,€the€sentencing€court€must€start€at€the€middle€of€the€range,€enhance€the€sentenceÐ &v Ðbased€upon€applicable€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€based€upon€applicableÐ  \ Ðmitigating€factors.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„35„210(e).€€The€weight€to€be€given€to€each€factor€is€within€the€discretionÐ òB Ðof€the€sentencing€court€so€long€as€the€record€supports€the€court's€findings€and€the€court€complies€withÐ Ø( Ðthe€1989€Sentencing€Act.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Ô_ÔShropshireÔ_Ôóó,€874€S.W.2d€634,€642€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).Ð ¾ ÐÔ‡X, XXX, ÔÌà  àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€that€theÐ Š Ú Ðcourt€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€theÐ p!À  Ðfactors€and€principles€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€areÐ V"¦! Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€haveÐ <#Œ" Ðpreferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Ð "$r# ÐÔ#†X, XXX, À#ÔÌà  àThe€presentence€report€reflects€that€at€the€time€of€sentencing,€the€Defendant€was€forty„sixÐ î%>!% Ðyears€old€and€divorced,€with€two€children.€€He€dropped€out€of€school€in€the€ninth€grade.€€He€had€notÐ Ô&$"& Ðbeen€employed€during€the€sixteen€years€preceding€his€arrest€on€this€charge,€and€during€this€time€heÐ º' #' Ðhad€been€receiving€social€security€disability€payments.€€He€had€no€prior€record€of€arrests€orÐ  (ð#( Ðconvictions.€€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àAttached€to€the€presentence€report€were€various€records€concerning€the€Defendant's€mentalÐ R+¢&+ Ðillness€and€history€of€mental€health€treatment.€€The€Defendant€was€apparently€hospitalized€and/orÐ 8,ˆ', Ðtreated€at€several€institutions€beginning€in€approximately€1981€and€continuing€until€the€time€of€hisÐ ° Ðincarceration.€€He€was€hospitalized€and/or€treated€at€the€Plateau€Mental€Health€Center€in€Ô_ÔCookevilleÔ_Ô,Ð –æ Ðthe€Middle€Tennessee€Mental€Health€Center€in€Nashville,€the€Ô_ÔHCAÔ_Ô€Parthenon€Pavilion€in€Nashville,Ð |Ì Ðthe€Ô_ÔParkviewÔ_Ô€Medical€Center€in€Nashville€and€the€Mocassin€Bend€Mental€Health€Institute€inÐ b² ÐChattanooga.€€His€diagnoses€included€schizophrenia,€ð ðchronic€psychiatric€disease,€possibly€relatedÐ H˜ Ðto€organic€brain€syndrome,ðð€and€possible€ð ðmanic€depressiveðð€type€illnesses.Ð . ~ ÐÌà  àDr.€William€T.€Kenner,€a€medical€doctor€who€specializes€in€psychiatry,€testified€for€theÐ ú J Ðdefense.€€He€stated€that€the€Defendant€had€a€long,€seventeen„year€history€of€mental€illness.€€HeÐ à 0 Ðtestified€that€he€had€reviewed€the€Defendant's€medical€records€and€had€seen€the€Defendant€on€twoÐ Æ   Ðseparate€occasions.€€He€stated€the€Defendant€had€been€diagnosed€as€psychotic€and€that€in€the€courseÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€his€treatment€and€hospitalization€at€the€Parthenon€Pavilion,€Vanderbilt€Hospital,€MiddleÐ ’â  ÐTennessee€Mental€Health€Institute,€Mocassin€Bend€Mental€Health€Institute€and€Plateau€MentalÐ xÈ  ÐHealth€Center,€the€Defendant's€diagnosis€had€remained€as€that€of€schizophrenia.€€He€stated€that€earlyÐ ^®  Ðduring€the€course€of€the€Defendant's€illness,€he€was€diagnosed€as€paranoid€schizophrenic,€but€as€hisÐ D”  Ðillness€progressed,€the€diagnosis€had€moved€on€toward€ð ðundifferentiated€schizophrenia€with€paranoidÐ *z  Ðfeatures.ðð€€He€said€this€change€was€typical€with€individuals€who€are€schizophrenic€in€that€theyÐ ` Ðexperience€ð ða€gradual€and€severe€deterioration€in€their€overall€personality.ðð€€He€testified€that€theÐ öF ÐDefendant€was€hospitalized€at€Mocassin€Bend€just€two€months€before€the€crime,€and€at€that€time€heÐ Ü, Ðwas€again€described€as€schizophrenic€and€quite€disorganized,€and€ð ðhis€ability€to€function€then€wasÐ Â Ðextremely€poor.ðð€€He€stated€that€when€the€Defendant€stayed€on€his€prescribed€medications€he€wouldÐ ¨ø Ðget€better,€but€that€his€medication€had€detrimental€side€effects,€and€the€Defendant,€like€many€otherÐ ŽÞ Ðpatients,€would€sometimes€stop€taking€his€medication.€€Dr.€Kenner€testified€that€in€his€opinion,€atÐ tÄ Ðthe€time€the€victim€was€murdered,€the€Defendant's€mental€condition€would€have€supported€andÐ Zª Ðmerited€an€insanity€defense.€€Ð @ ÐÌà  àIn€arriving€at€the€Defendant's€sentence,€the€trial€court€applied€four€enhancement€factors€whichÐ  \ Ðhe€found€would€be€sufficient€to€raise€the€sentence€to€the€maximum€of€twenty„five€years:€(1)€theÐ òB ÐDefendant€treated€or€allowed€a€victim€to€be€treated€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commissionÐ Ø( Ðof€an€offense;€(2)€the€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€the€victim€were€particularly€great;€(3)€theÐ ¾ ÐDefendant€possessed€or€employed€a€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€the€offense;€and€(4)Ð ¤ô Ðthe€Defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€Ð Š Ú ÐòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5),€(6),€(9),€(10).Ð p!À  ÐÌà  àAs€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€first€found€as€the€ð ðstrongest€of€all€the€mitigating€factorsððÐ <#Œ" Ðthat€the€Defendant€was€suffering€from€a€mental€condition€that€significantly€reduced€his€culpabilityÐ "$r# Ðfor€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„113(8).€€While€the€judge€stated€that€he€did€not€know€the€extent€toÐ %X $ Ðwhich€the€Defendant's€culpability€was€reduced€due€to€his€mental€condition,€the€court€clearly€foundÐ î%>!% Ðthat€this€mitigating€factor€should€be€applied.€€As€additional€mitigating€factors,€the€court€stated€thatÐ Ô&$"& Ðit€was€considering€the€Defendant's€lack€of€any€history€of€previous€criminal€behavior€or€criminalÐ º' #' Ðconvictions€and€the€Defendant's€good€reputation€in€the€community.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„113(13).Ð  (ð#( ÐÌà  àAfter€weighing€the€mitigating€factors€against€the€enhancement€factors,€the€trial€court€set€theÐ l*¼%* ÐDefendant's€sentence€at€twenty„four€years,€which€was€one€year€less€than€the€maximum.€€It€appearsÐ R+¢&+ Ðthat€the€trial€court€found€the€four€enhancement€factors€were€sufficient€to€enhance€the€sentence€to€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðmaximum€and€that€the€mitigating€factors€were€sufficient€to€reduce€the€sentence€one€year€below€theÐ ° Ðmaximum.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð –æ ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€Defendant€does€not€specifically€contest€the€applicability€of€the€enhancementÐ b² Ðfactors,€based€on€our€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€we€must€conclude€that€the€trial€judge€erred€in€its€applicationÐ H˜ Ðof€two€of€the€enhancement€factors.€€Enhancement€factors€may€not€be€considered€if€the€factorsÐ . ~ Ðthemselves€are€essential€elements€of€the€offense.€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114.€€In€a€homicide€case,€theÐ  d Ðpersonal€injuries€inflicted€upon€the€homicide€victim€are€by€definition€ð ðparticularly€great.ðð€€TheÐ ú J Ðkilling€of€a€person€necessarily€includes€the€infliction€of€great€bodily€injury.€€For€this€reason,Ð à 0 Ðenhancement€factor€(6)€is€inapplicable.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Williamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€69,€82€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Æ   ÐApp.€1995).€€Likewise,€we€must€conclude€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€as€an€enhancementÐ ¬ ü  Ðfactor€that€the€Defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€lifeÐ ’â  Ðwas€high.€€This€enhancement€factor€cannot€be€used€to€enhance€the€Defendant's€sentence€because€itÐ xÈ  Ðis€inherent€in€the€offense€of€second€degree€murder.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔBelserÔ_Ôóó,€945€S.W.2d€776,€792€(Tenn.Ð ^®  ÐCrim.€App.€1996);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2d€305,€314€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€Ð D”  ÐAlthough€this€factor€may€be€applicable€to€a€sentence€for€a€homicide€if€a€defendant€created€a€high€riskÐ *z  Ðto€a€life€other€than€that€of€the€victim,€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€448,€452„53€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ` ÐApp.€1995),€in€the€case€at€bar,€there€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€a€finding€that€theÐ öF ÐDefendant's€actions€created€a€high€risk€to€the€life€of€the€victim's€daughter,€who€was€the€only€otherÐ Ü, Ðperson€present.€€She€testified€that€she€did€not€know€if€the€Defendant€even€saw€her.Ð Â ÐÌà  àIn€the€case€at€bar,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€four€enhancement€factors€it€applied€wereÐ ŽÞ Ðsufficient€to€raise€the€sentence€from€the€presumptive€starting€point€of€twenty€years€to€the€maximumÐ tÄ Ðof€twenty„five€years.€€Because€we€have€concluded€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€its€application€of€twoÐ Zª Ðof€the€four€factors,€we€believe€the€remaining€enhancement€factors€justify€raising€the€sentence€toÐ @ Ðtwenty„three€years.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€State€argued€that€the€Defendant's€mental€conditionÐ &v Ðwas€a€factor€which€was€considered€in€allowing€the€Defendant€to€plead€guilty€to€second€degreeÐ  \ Ðmurder€instead€of€facing€trial€for€first€degree€murder.€€We€recognize€that€a€trial€court€may€lookÐ òB Ðbehind€a€plea€agreement€and€consider€the€nature€of€the€offense€committed.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð Ø( ÐÔ_ÔHollingsworthÔ_Ôóó,€647€S.W.2d€937,€939€(Tenn.€1983);€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔBiggsÔ_Ôóó,€769€S.W.2d€506,€507€(Tenn.Ð ¾ ÐCrim.€App.€1998).€€In€this€case,€the€trial€judge€determined€that€the€Defendant's€mental€conditionÐ ¤ô Ðshould€be€considered€as€a€mitigating€factor.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(8).€€Based€on€ourÐ Š Ú Ðreview€of€the€record,€we€agree€with€the€trial€court's€finding€in€that€regard.€€We€also€note€that€the€trialÐ p!À  Ðcourt€gave€some€consideration€to€other€factors€in€mitigation.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€Based€on€ourÐ V"¦! Ðòòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€record€in€this€case,€we€modify€the€Defendant's€sentence€by€ordering€that€heÐ <#Œ" Ðserve€twenty„two€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.Ð "$r# ÐÌÌÌÌÐ  (ð#( ЇÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð –æ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE