ÿWPCt ¼„™ï/º¥¸Ëò¹Gß,ßx Óª2l—™tr 7ëù=H¡´½ µƒøñOML-ìCk@FukßóZ âÊJÊ|£2…šç‰ä ÜÐ)ör}'­êãuÒÐÐ ÏÆ½R/¿êƒDYBe€‘*Xú’ƒ©C46CîLrÁ³_€Ú€[\66ryÿ+š¿Ù#FÊÀ ±PZÇ âòu{¼ø¹*^OØ Ïºñ ‰ÈW!Š2‡w$üóVœô3²àÒȽëBÊ#©õ9‘Äæ‡jº7 ¿{ôý‰ùÁ­œ¶)i¢´àÿLÂahúGÈrT‘Æ" >Àf7ûÓk’6ÅûCñ}Ã;ÌE“â=„V Ð#GÜôÕLÖ“Ü÷£¿3-¡2³Å7q™è‰¯Ï7VYK<{³5Oå„¥¨%i9˜M!º°=¯Wã½dpTç›Þ ÊÒü0ÄëgªÆ­†ƒ ê0‰,(ñ¢€š¤ç£yAé5à>jé ˜U?ˆ„'½ mJjCšËªÃ—XË7Õ$) Îà'@ïã–âõ ›¹H½fë÷HÐNªtq¬TÏÕYµ2…}˜t¯Ï=œ‚Cíil«îƒýx°±:ZL:uƒ®(0Ûz|j8tsb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz p‘ Æ ÆÇ ÆÆS 0DN]__Eggggggggggggggggggggggggbiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 0ëqqqq B\\ 0¤y D3 D-P 0K}} ASÈÆ 0¤á 0D… A«É˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0» ž6) (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularÖJ~'D¬§k3L1l ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ fÝ ƒRí$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€X>¬X»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€ô TòXX>¬ÔOfficer€Casteel€testified€at€the€suppression€hearing.€€Because€he€was€unavailable€at€the€time€of€trial,€hisÐ ° Ðtestimony€at€the€suppression€hearing€was€read€to€the€jury€by€agreement.€€Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó - ù-(|G2í$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€@P»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€X>¬X»»Ô d(|3z$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€@P»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3z$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€@P»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€@P»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€¼@P»»»ÔÑ8€>¬XXdæ»»d8Ñà@HHìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@§§$ìàAT€NASHVILLEˆÐ ¾ Ðà@ÕÕìàAPRIL€19,€2000,€SESSIONˆÐ Ì ÐÔ‡X>¬X»¼@PÔÌò òÔ#†¼@P»XX>¬ª#ÔÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€RITA€DAVISÔ‡X>¬X»¼@PÔó óÐ À ÐÓðÓÌà@! ! ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Marshall€CountyˆÐ ´  Ðà@¯¯ìàNo.€13808€€€Charles€Lee,€Judge€ˆÐ š ê ÐÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<e ` A߈Ð f ¶  ÐÌà@  ìàNo.€M1999„01281„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€September€22,€2000€ˆÐ [«  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<&` AßÐ 'w  Ðó óÌThe€defendant,€Rita€Davis,€was€convicted€of€possession€of€a€Schedule€II€controlled€substance€withÐ l  Ðintent€to€resell.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€Range€III€sentence€ofÐ R  Ð25€years.€€The€defendant€was€fined€$75,000.€€In€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€argues€that€theÐ è8 Ðtrial€court€erred€by€failing€to€grant€a€motion€to€suppress;€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient;€that€theÐ Î Ðsentence€was€excessive;€and€that€the€fine€was€improperly€imposed.€€The€judgment€of€conviction€isÐ ´ Ðaffirmed.€€Because€the€fine€was€imposed€without€consideration€of€relevant€factors,€the€amount€isÐ šê Ðmodified€to€$25,000.€€Ð €Ð ÐÔ#†¼@P»XX>¬#ÔÔ‡X>¬X»¼@PÔÌò òà@ßßìàTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmed€as€Modified.€€ó óˆÐ Lœ ÐÌòòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,€Ô#†¼@P»àX>¬V#ÔÔ‡X>¬X.¼@PÔóó€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJohn€Everett€Williamsóó,€J.,Ð h Ðjoined.€€òòJerry€L.€Smithóó,€J.,€filed€a€concurring€opinion.€Ô#†¼@P»XX>¬F#ÔÔ‡X>¬X»¼@PÔÐ þN ÐÌSteve€Ô_ÔMcEwenÔ_Ô,€Mountain€City,€Tennessee€(on€appeal)Ô#†¼@P»XX>¬- #ÔÔ‡X>¬X»¼@PÔ,€Andrew€Jackson€Ô_ÔDearingÔ_Ô,€III,€AssistantÐ Ê ÐPublic€Defender,€Fayetteville,€Tennessee€(at€trial€and€on€appeal),€Ô#†¼@P»XX>¬× #ÔÔ‡X>¬X»¼@PÔfor€the€appellant,€Rita€Davis.€€Ð ° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter,€Marvin€E.€Clements,€Jr.,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ |Ì ÐGeneral,€and€Ô_ÔWeakleyÔ_Ô€E.€Barnard,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€ofÐ b ²  ÐTennessee.€€Ð H!˜! ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼@P»XX>¬¹ #ԈР#d# ÐÌÔ€X>¬X»¼@PÔà  àOn€December€3,€1998,€Trooper€Jimmy€Ô_ÔPittsÔ_Ô€of€the€Tennessee€Highway€Patrol€received€aÐ %X % Ðradio€report€that€the€defendant,€who€was€believed€to€be€in€a€red€Ford€Escort,€was€wanted€on€an€arrestÐ î%>!& Ðwarrant€for€contempt€of€court.€€Trooper€Ô_ÔPittsÔ_Ô€stopped€the€vehicle,€which€was€being€driven€by€theÐ Ô&$"' Ðdefendant's€sister,€Linda€Perkins.€€The€defendant€and€a€child€were€also€occupants€of€the€vehicle.€€InÐ º' #( Ðtwo€minutes,€Ô_ÔLawrenceburgÔ_Ô€Police€Officers€Kenneth€Ô_ÔHilliardÔ_Ô,€Chris€Ô_ÔCasteelÔ_Ô,€and€Robert€JohnsonÐ  (ð#) Ðarrived€at€the€scene.€€The€defendant€stepped€out€of€the€front€passenger's€side€of€the€vehicle.€€OfficerÐ †)Ö$* ÐÔ_ÔHilliardÔ_Ô€read€the€arrest€warrant€and€informed€her€that€the€bail€was€$1,000,€which€required€$100€cash.€Ð l*¼%+ ÐThe€defendant€returned€to€the€vehicle€and€asked€Ms.€Perkins€to€hand€her€a€purse€from€the€frontÐ R+¢&, Ðpassenger's€seat.€€The€defendant€then€directed€Ms.€Perkins€to€simply€take€€$100€out€of€the€purse€andÐ 8,ˆ'- Ðdeliver€it€to€her.€€Ms.€Perkins€did€as€directed.€€Ð -n(.ý ÐÔ_Ô‡à  àAs€Officer€Hilliard€escorted€the€defendant€to€his€patrol€car,€Officer€Casteel€took€possessionÐ ° Ðof€the€purse€and€asked€Ms.€Perkins€to€watch€him€search€the€purse€in€case€there€were€any€valuables.€Ð –æ ÐOfficer€Casteel€found€additional€cash€and€a€closed,€translucent€pill€bottle€in€which€he€found€15Ð |Ì Ðpieces€of€crack€cocaine€wrapped€individually€in€aluminum€foil.€€Trooper€Pitts,€who€testified€that€theÐ b² Ðdefendant€was€still€in€the€patrol€car€at€the€time€of€the€search,€recalled€that€the€search€took€placeÐ H˜ Ðwithin€five€minutes€after€the€arrest.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ms.€Perkins€stated€that€the€contents€of€the€bottle€did€not€belongÐ . ~ Ðto€her.€€Inside€the€purse€was€an€identification€card€bearing€the€defendant's€€name.€€Ð  d ÐÌà  àDetective€Kevin€Clark€arrived€at€the€scene€after€the€drugs€were€found€inside€the€bottle.€Ð à 0 ÐDetective€Clark,€who€knew€the€defendant,€recognized€the€bottle€as€one€which€the€defendant€had€inÐ Æ   Ðher€possession€on€a€prior€occasion.€€Detective€Clark€estimated€that€each€of€the€wrapped€pieces€ofÐ ¬ ü  Ðcocaine€could€be€sold€for€$20.€€He€estimated€that€the€total€value€of€the€cocaine€in€the€pill€bottle€wasÐ ’â  Ð$300.€€The€total€weight€of€the€cocaine€was€2.4€grams.€€Ð xÈ  ÐÌà@ËË*ìàIˆà0  àÐD” (#(# ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€because€she€could€not€return€to€her€vehicle,€the€rationale€forÐ ` Ðallowing€the€warrantless€search,€i.e.,€the€possible€danger€to€the€officers,€was€no€longer€present.€€SheÐ öF Ðcontends€that€the€area,€including€the€purse,€was€no€longer€in€her€control.€€Ð Ü, ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€suppression€hearing,€the€trial€court€made€the€following€findings€ofÐ ¨ø Ðfact:Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[T]he€officers€had€reasonable€grounds€to€stop€the€vehicle€containingÐ Zª Ðthe€defendant,€having€received€information€from€one€of€their€numbersÐ @ Ðthat€the€defendant€was€in€the€vehicle€and€the€officers€knew€there€wasÐ &v Ðan€outstanding€warrant€for€the€arrest€of€the€defendant€which€justifiedÐ  \ Ðthe€initial€stopping€of€the€vehicle.€€ÐòB` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àUpon€finding€that€the€defendant€was€an€occupant€of€the€vehicleÐ ¾ Ðjustified€her€further€detention€and€subsequent€arrest.€€Ð¤ô` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€defendant€was€taken€into€custody€and€removed€from€theÐ p!À  Ðautomobile€and€at€some€point€in€time€prior€to€leaving€the€scene€of€theÐ V"¦! Ðarrest,€the€defendant's€purse€which€was€inside€of€the€automobile€wasÐ <#Œ" Ðinspected€and€there€was€therein€discovered€a€pill€bottle€containing€theÐ "$r# Ðcontrolled€substances.€Ð%X $` x` x ÐÌà  àWarrantless€searches€and€seizures€are€presumed€to€be€unreasonable.€€The€burden€is€on€theÐ Ô&$"& Ðstate€to€establish€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€a€warrantless€search€and€seizure€fallsÐ º' #' Ðwithin€one€of€the€recognized€exceptions€to€the€warrant€requirement.€€òòCoolidge€v.€New€Hampshireóó,Ð  (ð#( Ð403€U.S.€443,€454„55€(1971).€€One€such€exception€is€the€search€incident€to€arrest.€€The€police€haveÐ ° Ðauthority€to€search€the€passenger€compartment€of€a€motor€vehicle€contemporaneous€to€an€arrest.€Ð –æ ÐòòNew€York€v.€Beltonóó,€453€U.S.€454,€460€(1981);€òòState€v.€Watkinsóó,€827€S.W.2d€293,€295„96€(Tenn.Ð |Ì Ð1992).€€The€defendant€suggests€that€the€search€of€a€vehicle€incident€to€arrest€is€not€proper€when€theÐ b² Ðarrestee€has€been€placed€in€a€patrol€car€and€can€no€longer€access€the€passenger€area€of€the€vehicle.€Ð H˜ ÐIn€support€of€her€argument,€she€cites€òòUnited€States€v.€Vaseyóó,€834€F.2d€782€(9òòthóó€Cir.€1987)€and€òòStateÐ . ~ Ðv.€Barksdaleóó,€540€A.2d€901€(N.J.€Super.€Ct.€App.€Div.€1988).€€In€òòUnited€States€v.€Whiteóó,€871€F.2dÐ  d Ð41€(6òòthóó€Cir.€1989),€however,€the€Sixth€Circuit€Court€of€Appeals€allowed€a€warrantless€search€of€theÐ ú J Ðpassenger€compartment€of€an€automobile€as€incident€to€a€lawful€arrest€even€though€the€defendant,Ð à 0 Ðsitting€in€the€back€seat€of€a€police€car,€had€been€restrained€and€presented€no€danger€to€police.€€òòId.óó€atÐ Æ   Ð44.€€The€circumstances€of€the€search€in€this€case€are€practically€indistinguishable€from€those€of€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðsearch€in€òòWhiteóó.€€Furthermore,€in€òòState€v.€Reedóó,€634€S.W.2d€665€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982),€this€courtÐ ’â  Ðupheld€the€search€of€an€automobile€passenger€compartment€immediately€after€the€defendant€had€beenÐ xÈ  Ðplaced€into€a€patrol€car:Ð ^®  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àHe€did€not€lose€that€right€by€placing€Reed€in€the€squad€car€beforeÐ *z  Ðconducting€the€search.€€In€other€words,€if€the€officer€had€the€right€toÐ ` Ðsearch€the€glove€compartment€contemporaneously€with€the€arrest€ofÐ öF ÐReed,€the€search€of€the€interior€was€allowable€even€after€Reed€wasÐ Ü, Ðneutralized.€€ÐÂ` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€at€666.€€Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àIn€our€view,€the€search€of€a€pocket€book€under€the€control€of€the€defendant€and€located€onÐ Zª Ðthe€front€passenger€side€of€the€vehicle€is€analogous€to€the€search€of€the€glove€compartment€in€òòReedóó.€Ð @ ÐBecause€there€is€no€significant€factual€distinction,€the€search€incident€to€the€defendant's€arrest€andÐ &v Ðthe€seizure€of€the€illegal€drugs€was€lawful.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà@ªª)ìàIIˆà  àà p àÐ Ø( ÐÌà  àNext,€the€defendant,€who€did€not€testify€at€trial,€argues€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€toÐ ¤ô Ðestablish€that€she€was€either€in€possession€of€the€controlled€substance€or€that€she€possessed€theÐ Š Ú Ðcontrolled€substance€with€the€requisite€intent€to€resell.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(a)(4)€providesÐ p!À  Ðas€follows:Ð V"¦! ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)à0¸ ` x` xàIt€is€an€offense€for€a€defendant€to€knowingly:Ð"$r#¸ x¸ x Ðà@$$(ìà*€*€*ˆÐ %X $ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8¸ ` x` xà(4)à0¸ ¸ àPossess€a€controlled€substance€with€intent€toÐ î%>!% Ðmanufacture,€deliver€or€sell€such€controlledÐ Ô&$"& Ðsubstance.€Ðº' #'   ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€allÐ †)Ö$) Ðreasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832€(Tenn.Ð l*¼%* Ð1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€afterÐ R+¢&+ Ða€review€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðessential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòState€v.Ð ° ÐWilliamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405€(Tenn.€1983).€€This€court€may€neither€reweigh€nor€reevaluate€theÐ –æ Ðevidence.€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòLiakasÐ |Ì Ðv.€Stateóó,€286€S.W.2d€856€(Tenn.€1956).Ð b² ÐÌà  àHere,€the€illegal€drugs€were€found€in€a€purse€in€the€passenger's€seat€of€a€vehicle€owned€byÐ . ~ Ðthe€defendant.€€The€defendant€had€been€sitting€in€the€passenger's€seat€and€had€just€asked€her€sisterÐ  d Ðto€hand€her€$100€from€the€contents€of€the€purse.€€The€purse€contained€a€card€with€the€defendant'sÐ ú J Ðname€on€it.€€From€this,€the€jury€could€logically€infer€that€the€defendant€possessed€all€of€the€contentsÐ à 0 Ðof€the€purse,€including€the€illegal€drugs.€€Because€the€drugs€were€individually€wrapped€and€had€aÐ Æ   Ðtotal€weight€of€2.4€grams,€the€jury€could€logically€infer€that€they€were€possessed€for€resale.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐPossession€of€a€controlled€substance€may€be€either€actual€or€constructive€and€can€be€established€byÐ ’â  Ðproof€that€the€defendant€had€the€ability€and€intent€to€exercise€control€over€the€drugs.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,Ð xÈ  Ð823€S.W.2d€576,€579€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€In€our€view,€there€is€a€rational€basis€for€the€verdict.€Ð ^®  ÐÌà@‰‰)ìàIIIˆÐ *z  ÐÌà  àNext,€the€defendant€questions€the€propriety€of€the€sentence.€€The€trial€court€found€noÐ öF Ðmitigating€factors€and€three€enhancement€factors€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114:Ð Ü, ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)à0¸ ` x` xàThe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictionsÐ ¨ø Ðor€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€toÐ ŽÞ Ðestablish€the€appropriate€range;Ðtĸ x¸ x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(8)à0¸ ` x` xàThe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€toÐ @ Ðcomply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€inÐ &v Ðthe€community;€and€Ð \¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(13)à0¸ ` x` xàThe€felony€was€committed€while€on€.€.€.€[p]arole.€€ÐØ(¸ x¸ x ÐÌà  àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€it€is€theÐ ¤ô Ðduty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€byÐ Š Ú Ðthe€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€uponÐ p!À  Ðthe€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ V"¦! Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.Ð <#Œ" ÐJonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.€1994).€€"If€the€trial€court€applies€inappropriate€factors€or€otherwiseÐ "$r# Ðfails€to€follow€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€the€presumption€of€correctness€falls."€€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€854Ð %X $ ÐS.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€provide€thatÐ î%>!% Ðthe€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence.€€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€andÐ  (ð#( Ðsentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€the€argumentsÐ †)Ö$) Ðof€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€anyÐ l*¼%* Ðmitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€andÐ R+¢&+ Ð(7)€the€defendant's€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,Ð 8,ˆ', Є210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€The€record€in€this€caseÐ ° Ðdemonstrates€that€the€trial€court€made€adequate€findings€of€fact.€Ð –æ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€more€specifically€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€find€that€herÐ b² Ðcriminal€conduct€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodily€injury,€a€factor€which€might€haveÐ H˜ Ðmitigated€the€length€of€the€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1).€€The€defendant€assertsÐ . ~ Ðthat€the€trial€court€erred€by€concluding€that€a€cocaine€offense€always€threatens€serious€bodily€injuryÐ  d Ðto€others.€€In€support€of€her€argument,€the€defendant€cites€òòState€v.€Clyde€Davisóó,€No.€32€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ú J ÐApp.,€at€Jackson,€Jan.€23,€1991),€wherein€this€court€concluded€that€the€€defendant,€who€was€arrestedÐ à 0 Ðwith€two€packets€of€cocaine€weighing€189.9€grams€while€operating€his€automobile€in€Shelby€County,Ð Æ   Ðdid€not€threaten€severe€bodily€injury.€€This€court€pointed€out€that€the€jury€convicted€Davis€with€intentÐ ¬ ü  Ðto€sell€based€upon€the€amount€of€cocaine€and€that€there€was€"absolutely€no€evidence€.€.€.€that€theÐ ’â  Ð[defendant]€sold€cocaine€to€another€person€or€was€operating€his€motor€vehicle€while€under€theÐ xÈ  Ðinfluence€of€cocaine."€€òòId.óó;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Michael€Wayne€Henryóó,€No.€02C01„9611„CC„00382Ð ^®  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€May€29,€1997)€(holding€that€the€"neither€caused€nor€threatenedÐ D”  Ðserious€bodily€injury"€mitigating€factor€is€applicable€unless€there€is€proof€that€the€defendant€is€aÐ *z  Ðmajor€dealer€or€is€involved€in€serious€drug€trafficking€or€that€the€conduct€relates€to€serious€bodilyÐ ` Ðinjury).€€In€òòState€v.€Johnny€Ray€Christmanóó,€No.€01C01„9211„CC„00361€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÐ öF ÐNashville,€Sept.€2,€1993),€this€court€applied€the€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1)€mitigating€factorÐ Ü, Ðin€reviewing€the€defendant's€sentences€for€two€convictions€for€sale€of€cocaine€because€the€state€wasÐ Â Ðunable€to€establish€any€threat€of€serious€bodily€injury.€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àThe€state€points€to€several€cases€holding€the€contrary.€€For€example,€in€òòState€v.€KennyÐ tÄ ÐCheathamóó,€No.€01C01„9506„CC„00196€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Jun.€11,€1996),€this€courtÐ Zª Ðheld€that€the€trial€court,€whose€judgment€was€viewed€as€presumptively€correct,€did€not€err€byÐ @ Ðrefusing€to€apply€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1)€when€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€conspiracyÐ &v Ðto€sell€or€deliver€cocaine.€€In€òòJohnny€Arwood€v.€Stateóó,€No.€335€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€MayÐ  \ Ð9,€1991),€a€sale€of€2.5€grams€of€cocaine€was€held€to€have€threatened€serious€bodily€injury.€€In€òòStateÐ òB Ðv.€Roger€D.€Pulleyóó,€No.€01C01„9501„CC„00013€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Sept.€20,€1995),Ð Ø( Ðthe€trial€court€found€the€mitigating€factor€not€applicable€because€of€the€large€amounts€of€a€dangerousÐ ¾ Ðdrug.€€Ð ¤ô ÐÌà  àIn€our€view,€the€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1)€mitigating€factor,€even€if€given€littleÐ p!À  Ðweight,€should€have€been€applied€in€this€case.€€There€was€no€proof€of€any€sale.€€While€recognizingÐ V"¦! Ðthat€there€may€be€a€conflict€among€the€decisions€of€several€panels€of€this€court,€it€is€our€view€thatÐ <#Œ" Ðthere€was€simply€no€evidence€that€there€was€an€immediate€threat€of€serious€bodily€harm€in€thisÐ "$r# Ðparticular€instance.€€The€drugs€were€simply€found€in€a€container€in€the€defendant's€purse.€€TheÐ %X $ Ðamount€of€the€drugs,€while€substantial,€was€not€unusually€large.€€There€was€no€indication€of€use€byÐ î%>!% Ðany€of€the€occupants€of€the€vehicle.€€While€crack€cocaine€can€present€a€threat€of€serious€bodilyÐ Ô&$"& Ðinjury,€the€facts€were€not€sufficiently€established€for€the€application€of€that€enhancement€factor€and,Ð º' #' Ðconcomitantly,€the€circumstances€suggest€no€immediate€threat€in€this€instance.€€That,€however,€doesÐ  (ð#( Ðnot€afford€the€defendant€any€relief.€€The€three€appropriate€enhancement€factors€weigh€heavily,Ð †)Ö$) Ðparticularly€the€defendant's€prior€criminal€record,€and€this€mitigating€factor€would€have€minimalÐ l*¼%* Ðapplication.€€€€Ð R+¢&+ ÐÐ 8,ˆ', Ðà  àThe€defendant€has€a€juvenile€record.€€She€was€convicted€of€two€separate€offenses€of€passingÐ ° Ðforged€checks€while€still€a€juvenile.€€The€defendant's€prior€record€was€so€extensive€that€she€qualifiedÐ –æ Ðas€a€Range€III€career€offender.€€While€five€prior€felony€convictions€qualified€the€defendant€as€aÐ |Ì Ðcareer€offender,€the€trial€court€pointed€to€seven€or€eight€felony€convictions€in€addition€to€thoseÐ b² Ðnecessary€to€establish€Range€III.€€She€was€on€parole€at€the€time€she€committed€two€of€the€offenses.€Ð H˜ ÐHer€parole€was€revoked€on€two€prior€occasions.€€She€was€on€parole€at€the€time€of€this€offense€asÐ . ~ Ðwell.€€The€record€includes€the€following€prior€convictions:Ð  d ÐÌòòò òDateà0  àà0` (#(#àà ¸ àCountyà0h` (#` (#àà0Àh(#h(#àOffenseà0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà  àSentenceó óóóÐà 0È(#È(# ÐÌ8„7„89à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWilliamsonà h àà0À¸ (#¸ (#àGrand€Larcenyà0ÈÀ(#À(#àà0 È(#È(#àSix€years€Ð¬ ü  (# (# Ð8„9„89à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWilliamsonà0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àForgery€less€than€$200à0 À(#À(#àOne€yearÐ’â  (# (# Ð8„9„89à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWilliamson€à0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àForgery€greater€than€$200à0 À(#À(#àThree€yearsÐxÈ  (# (# Ð7„5„89à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àRutherfordà0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àPassing€a€Forged€Check€à0 À(#À(#àOne€year€Ð^®  (# (# Ð7„5„89à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àRutherfordà0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àPassing€a€Forged€Instrumentà0 À(#À(#àOne€yearÐD”  (# (# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àUnder€$200Ð *z  Ð7„5„89à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àRutherfordà0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àObtaining€Property€by€Falseà0 À(#À(#àThree€yearsÐ` (# (# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àPretenseÐ öF Ð7„5„89à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àRutherfordà0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àPetit€Larcenyà0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àOne€yearÐÜ, (# (# Ð4„17„89à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àMarshallà0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àPetit€Larceny€à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àOne€year€Ð (# (# Ð2„20„91à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àMarshallà0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àTheft€of€Property€à0ÈÀ(#À(#àà0 È(#È(#àTwo€yearsШø (# (# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àover€$1,000Ð ŽÞ Ð3„20„91à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àMarshall€à0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àAggravated€Burglary€à0ÈÀ(#À(#àà0 È(#È(#àTen€yearsÐtÄ (# (# Ð9„27„93à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWilliamson€à0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àForgery€à0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àSix€yearsÐZª (# (# Ð9„27„93à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àWilliamsonà0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àForgeryà0pÀ(#À(#àà0Èp(#p(#àà0 È(#È(#àSix€years€Ð@ (# (# Ð5„20„94à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àRutherford€à0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àTheft€over€$1,000à0ÈÀ(#À(#àà0 È(#È(#àThree€years€Ð&v (# (# Ð5„20„94à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àRutherfordà0h¸ (#¸ (#àà0Àh(#h(#àForgery€over€$1,000à0ÈÀ(#À(#àà0 È(#È(#àThree€yearsÐ \ (# (# ÐÌFrom€all€of€this,€the€trial€court€properly€sentenced€the€defendant€to€the€maximum€possible€term.Ð Ø( ÐÌà@ƒƒ)ìàIVˆÐ ¤ô ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€fine€of€$75,000€is€excessive.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„Ð p!À  Ð17„417(c)(1)€provides€for€a€maximum€fine€of€$100,000.€€In€òòState€v.€Bryantóó,€805€S.W.2d€762,€766Ð V"¦! Ð(Tenn.€1991),€our€supreme€court€ruled€that€the€defendant's€ability€to€pay€is€a€consideration€in€theÐ <#Œ" Ðimposition€of€a€fine.€€In€this€instance,€the€defendant€claims€that€the€amount€of€the€fine€is€in€violationÐ "$r# Ðof€Article€I,€ðð€16€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€which€prohibits€excessive€fines.€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€has€appointed€counsel.€€The€record€indicates€that€she€has€no€income€and€noÐ Ô&$"& Ðassets.€€The€defendant€has€been€unemployed€since€May€of€1997.€€She€has€three€children.€€In€òòStateÐ º' #' Ðv.€Marshallóó,€this€court€concluded€that€"an€oppressive€fine€can€disrupt€future€rehabilitation€andÐ  (ð#( Ðprevent€a€defendant€from€becoming€a€productive€member€of€society."€€870€S.W.2d€532,€542€(Tenn.Ð †)Ö$) ÐCrim.€App.€1993).€€This€court€in€òòMarshallóó€reasoned€that€"a€significant€fine€is€not€automaticallyÐ l*¼%* Ðprecluded€just€because€it€works€a€substantial€hardship€on€a€defendantð!ðit€may€be€punitive€in€the€sameÐ R+¢&+ Ðfashion€incarceration€may€be€punitive.€€Given€the€seriousness€of€the€criminal€conduct€reflected€inÐ 8,ˆ', Ðthe€record,€the€background€and€social€history€of€the€defendant,€and€the€low€potential€forÐ ° Ðrehabilitation,€we€conclude€that€the€$10,000€fine€was€appropriate."€€òòId.óó€€Ð –æ ÐÌà  àHere,€the€trial€court€classified€the€defendant€as€a€professional€criminal,€one€who€did€not€workÐ b² Ðfor€her€money€and€instead€committed€crimes€for€personal€financial€gain.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àIt€is€evident€in€this€case€that€the€defendant€has€little€ability€to€pay.€€On€the€positive€side,€theÐ  d Ðdefendant,€who€did€not€complete€high€school,€has€a€Graduate€Equivalent€Diploma.€€She€has€threeÐ ú J Ðchildren,€ages€13,€9,€and€3.€€The€children€do€not€reside€with€the€defendant,€however,€and€theÐ à 0 Ðdefendant€does€not€appear€to€have€been€providing€support€for€them.€€Her€mother€and€sister€provideÐ Æ   Ðprimary€care€for€the€children.€€The€defendant€has€never€been€married.€€The€defendant's€employmentÐ ¬ ü  Ðhistory€is€practically€non„existent.€€She€worked€as€a€waitress€for€five€months€from€the€last€part€ofÐ ’â  Ð1992€to€early€1993.€€Otherwise,€she€has€worked€no€more€than€nine€days€at€any€one€job.€€She€hasÐ xÈ  Ðdelinquent€telephone€bills€and€court€fines.€€Ð ^®  ÐÌà  àA€fine€of€$75,000,€in€the€context€of€an€obvious€inability€to€pay,€warrants€some€modification.€Ð *z  ÐIn€our€view,€a€fine€of€$25,000€is€sufficiently€punitive.€€€Ð ` ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€and€sentence€are€affirmed.€€The€fine€is€modified€to€$25,000.€€Ð Ü, ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à_________________________________________Ð tÄ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE€