ÿWPCF: …# VU:a %› 0 ¡w@¥ 4å ù 0H 0DP ” 0Jœ 0Tæ 0^: 0h˜ 0r 0|r 0†î 0t 1u 0dy BÝU*úB)$DCM AMËÝ D3¨ÝÛ‘¸ 0@Ií‰0v$¦&äh)L-v~P1vÓÎ2 AO¡8Æð8 0D¶9 D/ú9 B):˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLhÎ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(Üg$¡¡Ñ°ÑÑ€°ÑÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€YXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ñ DD !D"#e$r‚%Ó€Úƒç"3|x0(ø(3Jb$¤¤Ý ƒg!ÝѰÑÑ€°ÑÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€?ìXXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà Ø àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1dd€-'Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÁÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€%XÔÌÌò òDecemberÏ16,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€%ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó$$$$'ÿÿdxd ÓÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔThe€appellant€did€not€testify€at€trial.€€However,€the€defense€called€appellantððs€wife€and€two€otherÏpotential€witnesses.€€The€defense€calledÔ€%XÔ€Ô€%ôÔan€investigator€from€the€public€defenderððs€office€to€testifyÏabout€pictures€of€the€gas€station€where€appellant€and€Wilson€stopped.€€The€trial€court€did€not€permit€theÏinvestigator€to€testify€because€it€found€that€the€basis€of€his€testimony€was€inadmissible.€€Additionally,€theÏdefense€called€the€detective€investigating€the€crime€to€testify€about€appellantððs€state€of€mind€after€heÏwas€arrested€and€confined€at€the€local€jail.€€The€trial€court€ruled€that€the€detective€was€not€competent€toÏtestify€about€appellantððs€state€of€mind€because€he€lacked€the€requisite€expertise.€€Furthermore,€theÏdetective€had€already€testified€on€cross„examination€that€appellant€was€nervous€and€scared€when€heÏwas€in€the€jail.€€The€trial€court€found€that€any€additional€testimony€from€the€detective€would€be€cumulative.€ÏTherefore,€the€trial€court€ruled€that€the€detective€could€not€testify€for€the€defense.€€Those€rulings€are€notÏchallenged€on€appeal.Ì ‡Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔThe€òòAnthonyóó€decision€is€premised€solely€upon€due€process€grounds€and€the€court€thereÏemphasized€the€inadequate€nature€of€a€double€jeopardy€analysis€in€such€cases.€€òòSeeóó€817€S.W.2d€atÏ303„304.€€We€note,€however,€that€the€supreme€court€recently€formulated€a€more€stringent€analysis€forÏdouble€jeopardy€purposes.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Dentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€373,€381(Tenn.€1996).€€We€haveÏtherefore€conducted€the€double€jeopardy€analysis€outlined€by€our€supreme€court€in€òòDentonóó,€althoughÏnot€raised€as€an€issue€on€appeal.€€We€conclude€that€the€statutory€offenses€charged€and€the€factualÏcircumstances€giving€rise€to€the€offenses€do€not€violate€appellantððs€protection€against€double€jeopardy.€ÏHowever,€this€does€not€preclude€a€possible€due€process€violation€under€òòAnthonyóó.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ãÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Robertsóó,€943€S.W.2d€403€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)€(finding€the€due€processÏconcerns€of€òòAnthonyóó€applicable€to€convictions€for€burglary€and€attempted€theft);€òòState€v.€Gregoryóó,€862ÏS.W.2d€574,€579€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)€(upholding€trial€courtððs€application€of€òòAnthonyóó€althoughÏarmed€robbery€was€not€involved);€òòState€v.€Timothy€Adams,€aka›€Skinny€Rockóó,€No.€œ02C01›„9512„CC„00376€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€January€2,€1997)€(applying€double€jeopardy€analysis€and€òòAnthonyóóÏanalysis€to€convictions€for€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€aggravated€assault);€òòState€v.€Cornelius€T.ÏLusteróó,€No.€œ02C01›„9201„CR„00019€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€November€25,€1992)€(applyingÏòòAnthonyóó€to€convictions€for€attempted€aggravated€rape€and€aggravated€assault€and€dismissingÏaggravated€assault€as€essentially€incidental€to€the€rape).Ì &Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔFalse€imprisonment€is€defined€as€knowingly€removing€or€confining€the€victim€so€as€toÏsubstantially€interfere€with€his€or€her€liberty.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„302(a)€(1991).Ì ¸Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔFor€Range€I€standard€offenders,€a€Class€A€felony€carries€a€sentencing€range€of€fifteen€(15)€toÏtwenty€five€(25)€years.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112€(a)(1)€(Supp›.€1996).€€Class€C€felonies,€forÏRange€I€offenders,€carry€a€possible€sentence€of€three€(3)€to€six€(6)€years.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112€(a)(3).€Ì ÚÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€885€S.W.2d€357,€363€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€òòper.€app›.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1994)Ï(holding€that€enhancer€(10)€is€inherent€in€the€offense€of€aggravated€assault).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€RonaldÏCollieróó,€No.€œ02C01›„9402„CC„00029€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€Oct.€5,€1994)€(holding€that€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping,€involving€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon,€inherently€included€a€high€risk€to€humanÏlife);€òòState€v.€Roger€Stewartóó,€No.€01„C„019012„CR„00342€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Aug.€30,Ï1991)€(holding€that€armed€robbery€inherently€included€a€high€risk€to€human€life).€Ì úÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€%ôÔOur€holding€is€limited€to€the€facts€of€this€case.€€We€do€not€conclude€that€enhancer›€(10)€is€neverÏapplicable€to€aggravated€assault€with€a€deadly€weapon.€€To€the€contrary,€there€are€cases€where€theÏapplication€of€œenhancer›€(10)€would€be€proper.€€For€example,€if€the€appellantððs€aggravated€assault€hadÏplaced€people,€other€than€the€victim,€at€a€high€risk€of€injury,€then€œenhancer›€(10)€would€apply€to€hisÏaggravated€assault€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œSims›óó,€909€S.W.2d€46,€50€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(holdingÏthat€enhancer€(10)€was€applicable€to€aggravated€robbery€where€the€defendant€placed€other€potentialÏvictims€at€risk€of€injury).€€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€%ÔÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÙ€€Ù›œßR€()'A1-j|` , `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌóóÌà@ àòòAT€KNOXVILLE€óóÌÌà@ à€€JANUARY€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àNo.€03C01„9602„CC„00076€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà àà à)à à€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSULLIVAN€COUNTYÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€FRANK€L.€SLAUGHTER,ÌFREDDIE€JOE€DAY,€JR.,à àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)à à(Especially€Aggravated€Kidnapping;Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Aggravated€Assault)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellant:óóà àà àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appellee:óóÌÌStephen€M.€Wallaceà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌTerry€L.€Jordan€à àà àà àà àà àClinton€J.€Morganà àà àà àÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌP.O.€Box€839à àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌBlountville,€TN€37617à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àH.€Greeley€Wells,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRebecca€H.€DavenportÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€37617Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€___________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIED€ÌÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÇà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Freddie€Joe€Day,€Jr.,€appeals€as€of€right€his€convictions€andÏsentences€in€the€Sullivan€County€Criminal€Court.€€After€a€jury€trial,€the€appellant€wasÏconvicted€of€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€and€aggravated€assault€and€wasÏsentenced€as€a€Range€I€offender€to€twenty€five€(25)€years€for€the€kidnapping€offenseÏand€six€(6)€years€for€aggravated€assault.€€The€sentences€were€ordered€to€runÏconcurrently€for€a€total€effective€sentence€of€twenty€five€years.€€Ìà àAppellant€raises€three€issues€on€appeal:€€(1)€whether€the€evidence€wasÏsufficient€to€sustain€his€convictions;€(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€hisÏmotion€to€dismiss€the€aggravated€assault€charge;€and€(3)€whether€the€trial€court€erredÏin€sentencing€him€to€the€maximum€sentence€on€each€offense.€€After€a€careful€reviewÏof€the€record€and€applicable€law,€we€affirm€the€appellantððs€convictions€but€modify€his€Ïsentence€for€aggravated€assault.€€Ìà@ àò òFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDó óÌà àAround€8:00€p.m.€on€the€evening€of€January€7,€1995,€Carolyn€Wilson€left€herÏhome€in€Church€Hill€and€was€traveling€to€Colonial€Heights€to€visit€friends.€€En€route,Ïshe€passed€a€mini„van€driven€by€a€friend€of€hers€traveling€in€the€opposite€direction.€ÏSoon€thereafter,€she€noticed€a€vehicle€behind€her€with€its€headlights€repeatedlyÏflashing€from€bright€to€dim.€€Believing€this€to€be€the€friend€she€had€just€seen,€sheÏpulled€over€to€the€side€of€the€road€at€the€entrance€to€the€Eastman€Chemical€facility€inÍKingsport.€€She€then€exited€her€car€and€walked€toward€the€vehicle€which€had€pulledÏin€behind€her.€€Appellant,€the€driver€of€the€car,€had€stepped€from€his€vehicle.€€WilsonÏrealized€that€she€did€not€know€the€driver€and€stopped€walking.€€Appellant€asked€her€ifÏshe€knew€how€to€get€to€Duffield,€Virginia.€€Wilson€replied€that€she€knew€nothing€aboutÏVirginia€and€turned€to€get€back€in€her€car.€€Ìà àWilson€testified€that€as€she€turned€away,€appellant€grabbed€her€arm€andÏpulled€her€toward€his€car.€€She€screamed,€ð ðLet€me€go,ðð€and€tried€to€push€him€away.€ÏThey€struggled€and€she€told€appellant€to€take€her€money€and€her€car,€but€pleadedÏwith€him€to€let€her€go.€€Appellant€responded€by€saying€he€had€a€gun€and€would€shootÏher€if€she€did€not€get€in€his€car.€€When€Wilson€continued€to€resist,€the€appellant€pulledÏout€a€small€silver€handgun€saying,€ð ðYou€see€this?€€Iððll€shoot€you.ðð€€Wilson€testified€thatÏshe€was€not€really€afraid€that€he€would€shoot€her,€so€she€continued€to€resist.€€TheÏappellant€then€struck€her€on€the€back€of€the€head,€apparently€with€the€gun.€€WilsonÏtestified€at€that€point€she€became€afraid€and€believed€he€would€shoot€her.€€Appellant,Ïthereafter,€forced€Wilson€into€the€driverððs€side€door€of€his€car€and€allowed€her€to€crawlÏto€the€passengerððs€seat.€€He€then€sped€away,€driving€through€the€Eastman€facility€byÏsecurity€headquarters€and€making€a€U„turn€in€order€to€get€back€onto€a€mainÏthoroughfare.€Ìà àWilson€testified€that€appellant€drove€on€Eastman€Road€and€then€turned€rightÏonto€Fort€Henry€Drive,€which€took€them€into€Colonial€Heights.€€He€asked€her€to€tryÍopening€the€passenger€door.€€When€Wilson€replied€that€it€would€not€open,€appellantÏsaid,€ð ðI€know,€Iððve€jammed€it.ðð€€While€driving,€appellant€would€point€the€gun€at€herÏhead€and€threaten€to€shoot€her€if€she€did€not€calm€down.€€He€also€told€her€that€he€hadÏrobbed€a€bank.€€When€they€reached€Colonial€Heights,€appellant€stopped€to€buy€gas€€Ïat€a€Texaco€station.€€Appellant€ordered€Wilson€to€get€out€of€the€car,€pump€$10€of€gas,Ïand€avoid€any€attempts€to€escape.€€He€threatened€to€shoot€her€and€everyone€in€theÏstore€if€she€acted€against€his€wishes.€€Wilson€complied€with€appellantððs€instructionsÏwhile€he€entered€the€store€and€paid€for€the€gas.€€He€came€back€to€the€car,€opened€theÏpassenger€door€for€Wilson,€returned€to€the€driverððs€side,€and€drove€away.€€Ìà àThey€again€traveled€on€Fort€Henry€Drive,€but€in€the€opposite€direction€towardÏKingsport.€€Appellant€told€Wilson€that€if€she€would€take€him€to€the€mall,€he€would€letÏher€go€because€he€knew€how€to€get€home€from€there.€€Wilson€directed€himÏaccordingly,€but€he€drove€past€the€Fort€Henry€Mall€and€continued€driving€throughÏKingsport.€€He€then€told€Wilson€he€would€take€her€to€Duffield,€Virginia€and€call€a€taxiÏto€take€her€home.€€During€the€drive,€he€asked€Wilson€about€her€head€injury€andÏwhether€she€would€live.€€When€she€replied,€ð ðNo,ðð€appellant€then€said,€ð ðWell,€if€youððreÏnot€going€to€live€then€Iððm€going€to€go€ahead€and€shoot€you€anyway.ðð€€Wilson€told€himÏshe€would€be€fine.Ìà àSecurity€officers€at€the€Eastman€facility€had€witnessed€appellant€and€WilsonÏstruggling€at€the€scene.€€Although€they€were€unable€to€stop€the€appellant€as€he€spedÍthrough€the€facility,€they€contacted€the€Kingsport€Police.€€Officers€investigatedÏWilsonððs€car,€which€remained€on€the€roadside€and€discovered€her€personalÏidentification.€€They€also€obtained€a€description€of€appellantððs€car€from€the€securityÏpersonnel.€€All€law€enforcement€officials€were€notified€about€the€incident€and€advisedÏto€look€for€appellantððs€car,€a€gray€1980's€model€Oldsmobile€with€Virginia€licenseÏplates.Ìà àWilson€stated€that€they€drove€from€Center€Street€onto€Lynn€Garden€Drive,Ïwhich€leads€into€Virginia.€€Appellant€then€noticed€that€a€police€car€was€behind€themÏand€in€response€to€its€flashing€blue€lights,€he€pulled€over.€€He€instructed€Wilson€thatÏhe€did€not€have€a€gun€and€that€he€did€not€want€her€to€say€anything.€€He€then€placedÏthe€gun€in€the€carððs€console€between€the€driver€and€passenger€seats.€€An€officerÏapproached€the€car€and€asked€Wilson€her€name.€€When€it€matched€the€identificationÏfound€in€the€abandoned€car,€the€officer€asked€appellant€to€step€out€of€the€car.€ÏAnother€officer€arrived€and€Wilson,€hysterical€by€that€time,€jumped€from€the€car€andÏinformed€him€that€appellant€had€a€gun.€€A€.38€caliber€Rossi€revolver€containing€threeÏlive€rounds€was€recovered€from€the€carððs€console.€€Police€officers€then€arrested€theÏappellant.Ìà àWilson€was€taken€to€the€hospital€where€she€received€three€stitches€for€herÏhead€injury.€€Pictures€at€trial€depicted€blood€smeared€on€the€head€rest€of€theÍpassengerððs€seat€in€appellantððs€car.€€In€addition,€Wilsonððs€jacket,€introduced€at€trial,Ïhad€a€significant€amount€of€blood€on€it.€€Wilson€sustained€no€other€injuries.€Ìà àThe€appellantððs€wife€testified€that€she€and€appellant€had€owned€the€grayÏOldsmobile€since€1993€and€that€the€passenger€door€was€broken€since€the€time€of€theÏpurchase.€€According€to€her€testimony,€the€door€could€be€opened€from€the€outside,Ïbut€not€from€the€inside.€€In€addition,€she€stated€that€the€revolver,€found€in€the€car,€hadÏbeen€placed€in€the€car€on€January€6,€1995,€and€had€not€been€removed.€€Finally,€sheÏstated€that€since€their€marriage,€appellant€had€only€been€to€Kingsport€on€oneÏoccasion.× ƒ+ ××  ×€€Ìà àBased€upon€the€foregoing€evidence,€appellant€was€convicted€of€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping€and€aggravated€assault.€Ìà@ àò òANALYSISó óÌà àThe€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€supporting€bothÏconvictions.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àAn€appellant€challenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€has€the€burden€ofÏillustrating€to€this€Court€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returnedÏby€the€trier€of€fact.€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€for€lack€of€sufficientÏevidence€unless€the€facts€contained€in€the€record€and€any€inferences€which€may€beÏdrawn€therefrom€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€findÏthe€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2dÏ913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€We€must€consider€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€toÏthe€prosecution€in€determining€whether€ð ðany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÏessential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòSeeóó€€òòJackson€v.ÏVirginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€Ìà àWe€do€not€reweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidence€and€are€required€to€afford€theÏState€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€proof€contained€in€the€record,€as€well€as€allÏreasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€We€further€note€that€a€guilty€verdictÏrendered€by€the€jury€and€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€testimony€of€theÏwitnesses€for€the€State.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€appellant€was€indicted€for€the€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€and€aggravated€assault€of€Carolyn€Wilson€by€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„305(a)(1)€and€39„13„102(a)€(1991).€€On€theÏkidnapping€charge,€the€State€was€required€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€thatÍthe€appellant,€with€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon,€knowingly€removed€or€confined€theÏvictim€unlawfully€so€as€to€substantially€interfere€with€her€liberty.€€There€wasÏoverwhelming€proof€of€those€elements€at€trial.€€Ìà àThe€victim,€Wilson,€testified€that€appellant€grabbed€her€arm€as€she€tried€toÏreturn€to€her€car.€€He€refused€to€release€her€arm€and€threatened€her€with€a€weapon€ifÏshe€would€not€get€into€his€car.€€He€then€shoved€her€into€the€car€and€kept€her€captiveÏwhile€he€drove€around€the€city.€€Other€witnesses€corroborated€Wilsonððs€testimony.€ÏTwo€security€officers€from€the€Eastman€facility€testified€that€they€witnessed€a€struggleÏbetween€appellant€and€Wilson€and€that€appellant€used€force€to€place€Wilson€into€hisÏcar.€€That€evidence€is€sufficient€to€show€that€appellant€knowingly€confined€Wilson€andÏsubstantially€interfered€with€her€liberty.€€Moreover,€during€the€course€of€theÏkidnapping,€appellant€possessed€a€gun,€revealed€it€to€Wilson,€and€threatened€toÏshoot€her€with€it.€€That€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction€of€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping.Ìà àThe€second€count€of€the€indictment€alleged€that€appellant€ð ðdid€unlawfully,Ïintentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklessly€and€feloniously€cause€bodily€injury€to€CarolynÏWilson€by€striking€and€cutting€her€head€with€a€deadly€weapon€.€.€.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„13„102(a)€(1991).€€Those€elements€of€aggravated€assault€were€alsoÏproved€at€trial.€€After€struggling€with€Wilson,€appellant€struck€her€on€the€back€of€theÏhead€with€his€gun,€causing€an€injury€which€bled€extensively€and€required€threeÍstitches.€€From€those€facts,€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€find€that€the€appellantÏknowingly€or€intentionally€caused€bodily€injury€to€Wilson€by€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€ÏThe€juryððs€guilty€verdict€on€both€counts€was€amply€supported€by€evidence€at€trial.Ìà àThe€appellant,€however,€argues€that€the€proof€was€inadequate€to€show€that€heÏused€a€deadly€weapon.€€He€relies€upon€the€testimony€from€the€Eastman€securityÏguards€who€stated€that€they€did€not€observe€him€wielding€a€gun.€€He€further€points€toÏWilsonððs€testimony€in€which€she€stated€that€she€did€not€actually€see€the€gun€strike€herÏhead.€€This€argument€is€without€merit.€€Ìà àWilson€testified€that,€during€the€initial€struggle,€appellant€specifically€drew€herÏattention€to€the€gun€in€his€hand.€€He€then€threatened€to€shoot€her€with€it.€€As€sheÏturned€her€head€away€from€the€appellant,€he€struck€her€with€a€blunt€object,€causingÏan€injury€which€required€three€stitches.€€Although€Wilson€did€not€see€the€gun€strikeÏher,€it€was€reasonable€for€the€jury€to€infer€that€appellant€struck€Wilson€with€thatÏweapon.€€The€€appellant€suggests€that€the€injury€could€have€been€inflicted€by€a€ringÏor€a€set€of€keys.€€However,€such€a€finding€would€have€been€pure€speculation€absentÏany€proof.€€€€Ìà àMoreover,€the€security€guards€testified€that€they€were€between€250€and€300Ïfeet€from€the€appellant€and€Wilson€when€they€witnessed€the€struggle.€€ConsideringÏtheir€distance€and€the€fact€that€the€struggle€occurred€at€eight€oððclock€in€the€evening,Ïtheir€vision€was€more€obscured€than€Wilsonððs,€who€was€in€close€proximity€to€theÍappellant.€€The€juryððs€verdict€credits€Wilsonððs€testimony€and€we€find€appellantððsÏargument€unpersuasive.Ìò òà@ àII.ó óÌà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€toÏdismiss€the€aggravated€assault€charge.€€Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ìà àAppellantððs€argument€relies€upon€the€principles€announced€by€our€supremeÏcourt€in€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€òòAnthonyóó,€the€court€heldÏthat€due€process€of€law€will€not€permit€a€kidnapping€conviction€where€the€detention€ofÏthe€victim€is€essentially€incidental€to€the€commission€of€another€felony,€such€asÏrobbery€or€rape.× ƒ, ××  ×€€òòSeeóó€òòidóó€at€306.€€The€court€recognized€that€under€the€statutoryÏdefinition€of€kidnapping,€evidence€proving€an€offense€of€robbery€or€rape€inherentlyÏproves€the€elements€of€kidnapping.€€However,€as€reasoned€by€the€court,€theÏlegislature€did€not€intend€for€defendants€convicted€of€robbery€or€rape€to€also€beÍconvicted€and€punished€for€the€incidental€kidnapping.€€Under€that€analysis,€theÏsupreme€court€concluded€that€the€kidnapping€convictions€could€not€stand.€€€Ìà àIn€contrast€to€òòAnthonyóó,€the€appellant€in€this€case€does€not€contest€the€validity€ofÏhis€kidnapping€conviction,€but€instead€contends€that€his€conviction€of€aggravatedÏassault€cannot€stand.€€He€asserts€that€the€aggravated€assault€was€committed€duringÏthe€course€of€the€kidnapping€and€was€ð ðessentially€incidentalðð€to€the€kidnapping.€ÏAlthough€we€acknowledge€that€the€rule€from€òòAnthonyóó€is€not€limited€to€cases€involvingÏrobbery€and€kidnapping× ƒ. ××  ×,€we€find€that€òòAnthonyóó€does€not€apply€in€appellantððs€case.€Ìà àThe€appellant€was€charged€and€convicted€of€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€and€aggravated€assault,€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏsections€39„13„305€and€102€(1991).€€The€Tennessee€Code€defines€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping€as€false€imprisonment× ƒ/ ××  ×€ð ðaccomplished€with€a€deadly€weaponÏor€by€display€of€any€article€used€or€fashioned€to€lead€the€victim€to€reasonably€believeÍit€to€be€a€deadly€weapon.ðð€€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„305€(a)(1).€€AggravatedÏassault€is€defined€as€intentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklessly€causing€bodily€injury€toÏthe€victim€by€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„101€„„€102Ï(1)(B).€€Ìà àOur€task€under€òòAnthonyóó€is€to€apply€those€statutes€narrowly,€ð ðso€as€to€makeÏ[their]€reach€fundamentally€fair€and€to€protect€the€due€process€rights€of€every€citizen,Ïeven€those€charged€with€robbery,€rape,€or€the€like.ðð€€òòSeeóó€817€S.W.2d€299,€306€(Tenn.Ï1991).€€In€this€case,€we€find€that€the€application€of€both€the€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€statute€and€the€aggravated€assault€statute€does€not€offend€the€principlesÏof€due€process€announced€in€òòAnthonyóó.€€The€offenses€of€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€and€aggravated€assault€are€defined€separately€in€the€Tennessee€Code,Ïand€each€offense€requires€proof€of€distinct€elements€that€the€other€does€not.€ÏFurthermore,€unlike€the€robbery€and€kidnapping€offenses€in€òòAnthonyóó,€neither€offenseÏin€this€case€inherently€proves€the€statutory€elements€of€the€other.€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àà àà àMoreover,€we€find€from€the€record€that€the€appellant€hadÏtechnically€completed€the€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€before€he€assaulted€theÏvictim€with€his€gun.€€The€evidence€shows€that€the€appellant€grabbed€Wilson€by€herÏarm€and€threatened€to€shoot€her€with€his€wielded€gun€if€she€did€not€accompany€himÏto€his€car.€€That€act€alone€substantially€interfered€with€Wilsonððs€liberty€and€wasÏsufficient€to€constitute€especially€aggravated€kidnapping.€€As€the€struggle€continued,Íthe€appellant€kept€Wilson€from€returning€to€her€car€before€he€struck€her€on€the€headÏwith€his€gun.€€Ìà àFrom€that€evidence,€we€find€that€appellantððs€aggravated€assault€was€notÏessentially€incidental€to€the€kidnapping€offense€within€the€meaning€of€òòAnthonyóó.€€TheÏevidence€necessary€to€prove€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€did€not€inherentlyÏprove€aggravated€assault.€€Furthermore,€under€the€particular€facts€of€this€case,Ïappellantððs€aggravated€assault€subjected€the€victim€to€a€ð ðððsubstantially€increased€riskÏof€harm€over€and€above€that€necessarily€present€in€the€crime€of€[especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping]€itself.ðððð€òòSeeóó€òòAnthonyóó€817€S.W.2d€at€307.€€We€thereforeÏconclude€that€the€appellant€was€properly€convicted€and€sentenced€on€the€charges€ofÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping€and€aggravated€assault.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìò òà@ àIII.ó óÌà àThe€appellant€next€challenges€the€length€of€his€sentences.€€He€contends€thatÏthe€maximum€sentences€within€Range€I€are€unwarranted€by€the€factualÏcircumstances€of€both€offenses.€€We€find€that€appellantððs€twenty„five€year€sentenceÏfor€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€is€supported€by€the€record;€however,€we€modifyÏhis€sentence€for€the€aggravated€assault€conviction.€€€€Ìà àWhen€a€defendant€complains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€deÏnovo€review€of€the€record.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1990).€€TheÏsentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctnessÍand€the€appealing€party€carries€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(Sentencing€Commission€Comments).€€ThisÏpresumption,€however,€is€conditioned€upon€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€thatÏthe€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ìà àA€portion€of€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€codified€at€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€section€40„35„210,€mandates€the€courtððs€consideration€of€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€The€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencingÏhearing;€(2)€[t]he€presentence€report;€(3)€[t]he€principles€of€sentencingÏand€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€[t]he€nature€andÏcharacteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(5)€[e]vidence€andÏinformation€offered€by€the€parties€on€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÏfactors€in€ðððð€40„35„113€and€40„35„114;€and€(6)€[a]ny€statement€theÏdefendant€wishes€to€make€in€his€own€behalf€about€sentencing.ÌÌÓÓòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210€(Supp.€1996).Ìà àAt€the€time€of€appellantððs€offense,€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€set€rangeÏwas€the€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony.€€If€there€were€enhancing€andÏmitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€was€required€to€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€thatÏrange€and€enhance€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors€andÏthen€reduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€If€there€were€noÏmitigating€factors,€the€court€could€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€in€that€rangeÏbut€still€within€the€range.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d)„(e)€(Supp.€1996).Ìà àThe€trial€court€sentenced€appellant,€as€a€Range€I€offender,€to€the€maximumÏtwenty€five€(25)€years€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€and€the€maximum€six€(6)Ïyears€for€aggravated€assault.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€The€trial€court€found€the€following€enhancementÏfactors:€€(1)€The€appellant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€behavior;€(5)€TheÏappellant€treated€a€victim€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€theÏoffense;€(10)€The€appellant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€riskÏto€human€life€was€high;€and€(12)€The€appellant€willfully€inflicted€bodily€injury€uponÏanother€person€during€the€commission€of€the€felony.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(1),€(5),€(10),€(12)€(Supp.€1996).€€The€trial€court€declined€to€find€any€mitigatingÏfactors€despite€the€submission€of€eleven€character€references,€evidence€thatÏappellant€has€a€very€low€IQ,€and€evidence€that€he€was€intoxicated€at€the€time€of€theÏoffenses.Ìà àThe€appellant€first€challenges€the€application€of€enhancer€(1)€to€hisÏconvictions€of€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€and€aggravated€assault.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€He€contends€that€the€use€of€enhancer€(1)€was€improperÏbecause€his€prior€criminal€history€consists€solely€of€his€juvenile€record.€€Our€supremeÏcourt,€however,€has€held€that€trial€courts€may€consider€juvenile€records€whenÍevaluating€a€defendantððs€history€of€criminal€behavior.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864ÏS.W.2d€31,€34€(Tenn.€1993).€€It€serves€no€societal€interest,€nor€does€it€protect€theÏpublic€to€deny€the€sentencing€authority€the€benefit€of€considering€the€appellantððs€pastÏhistory€of€criminal€activity€merely€because€it€occurred€when€he€was€a€juvenile.€€òòSeeóóÏòòid.óó€€Ìà àThe€record€shows€that€appellant€committed€grand€larceny€and€breaking€andÏentering€on€two€separate€occasions.€€Those€charges€were€combined€for€purposes€ofÏpunishment.€€That€evidence€demonstrates€a€previous€history€of€criminal€behavior€andÏsupports€the€application€of€enhancer€(1).Ìà àThe€appellant€also€challenges€the€application€of€the€ð ðexceptional€crueltyððÏenhancer.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5)€(Supp.€1996).€€He€argues€that€cruelty€isÏinherent€in€the€offenses€of€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€and€aggravated€assaultÏand€that€no€specific€facts€support€the€application€of€that€enhancer.€€We€disagree€withÏboth€contentions.Ìà àInitially,€we€acknowledge€that€the€trial€court€should€have€stated€on€the€recordÏthe€particular€actions€of€the€appellant,€apart€from€the€elements€of€the€offenses,€whichÏconstitute€exceptional€cruelty.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Chad€Douglas€œPoole›óó,€No.€œ02S01›„9607„CC„00064€(Tenn.€Crim€App.,€at€Jackson,€May€12,€1997).€€Nevertheless,€our€òòde€novoóóÏreview€of€the€record€reveals€that€there€was€sufficient€evidence€to€support€the€trialÍcourtððs€finding€that€appellant€treated€the€victim€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offenses.Ìà àAs€the€trial€court€found,€appellant€struck€Wilson€over€the€head€with€a€gun,Ïcausing€an€injury€and€extensive€bleeding.€€He€used€violent€force€to€confine€her€in€hisÏcar€and€he€tormented€her€by€repeatedly€threatening€to€take€her€life.€€We€also€findÏadditional€evidence€to€support€a€finding€of€cruelty.€€The€appellant€apparently€realizedÏthat€Wilson€was€bleeding€profusely,€as€demonstrated€by€the€bloody€seat€andÏsignificant€blood€on€her€jacket,€and€he€inquired€as€to€whether€she€would€live.€€WhenÏshe€stated€ð ðNo,ðð€the€appellant€callously€replied€that€he€should€go€ahead€and€shootÏher€if€she€were€going€to€die€anyway.€€The€appellant€showed€absolutely€no€remorse€orÏconcern€over€Wilsonððs€well€being€despite€her€head€injury.€€Moreover,€his€feignedÏconcern€and€callous€remarks€were€extraordinarily€heartless.€€€Ìà àThe€appellant,€nevertheless,€argues€that€the€ð ðexceptional€crueltyðð€enhancer€isÏnot€applicable€in€this€case€because€it€is€an€essential€element€of€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping€and€aggravated€assault.€€We€disagree.€€First,€the€factsÏnecessary€to€demonstrate€ð ðexceptional€crueltyðð€are€not€inherent€in€every€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping,€nor€are€they€elements€of€that€offense.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„13„305€(1991).€€The€evidence€of€appellantððs€cruel€treatment€of€the€victim€wentÏover€and€above€that€necessary€to€prove€the€kidnapping€charge.€€Therefore,€theÏapplication€of€enhancer€(5)€is€not€barred€on€that€basis.€€€Ìà àAs€applied€to€the€conviction€of€aggravated€assault,€we€also€find€that€the€use€ofÏenhancer€(5)€was€proper.€€ð ðExceptional€crueltyðð€is€not€an€essential€element€ofÏaggravated€assault.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102€(1991).€€Moreover,€proof€ofÏassault€with€a€deadly€weapon,€which€is€an€element€of€aggravated€assault,€is€not€theÏonly€evidence€sufficient€to€support€the€application€of€that€enhancer.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏœPoole›óó,€945€S.W.2d€93,€98€(Tenn.€1997).€€In€this€case,€we€find€that€the€appellantÏexhibited€cruelty€over€and€above€the€act€of€striking€Wilson€with€a€gun.€€The€recordÏreflects€that€he€forced€Wilson€to€remain€with€him€in€his€car€where€he€repeatedlyÏpointed€his€gun€at€her€and€threatened€to€end€her€life.€€Despite€her€head€injury€andÏextensive€bleeding,€the€appellant€did€not€allow€her€to€seek€medical€attention.€ÏInstead,€he€indicated€a€willingness€to€shoot€her€if€she€were€going€to€die€anyway.€ÏFrom€that€evidence,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€applied€enhancer€(5)€toÏincrease€the€appellantððs€sentences.€€€Ìà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€the€ð ðrisk€toÏhuman€lifeðð€enhancer.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10)€(Supp.€1996).€€He€firstÏargues€that€when€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€is€accomplished€with€a€deadlyÏweapon,€enhancer€(10)€is€inherent€in€that€offense.€€We€agree.€€This€Court€hasÏpreviously€held€that€a€risk€to€human€life€is€inherent€in€the€offense€of€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping.€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Timothy€L.€Lasteróó,€No.€03C01„9507„CR„00194Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€July€9,€1996),€òòper.€œapp›.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.ÍRonald€Collieróó,€No.€02C01„9402„CC„00029€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€October€5,Ï1994).€€Although€not€a€designated€element€of€the€offense,€any€enhancement€factorÏwhich€is€inherent€in€the€offense€itself€may€not€be€used€to€increase€the€defendantððsÏsentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Claybrooksóó,€910€S.W.2d€868,€872€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),Ïòòper.€œapp›.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1995)€(citations€omitted).€€Therefore,€enhancer€(10)€wasÏincorrectly€applied€to€the€appellantððs€kidnapping€conviction.€Ìà àThe€appellant€also€asserts€that€enhancer€(10)€was€improperly€applied€to€hisÏaggravated€assault€conviction.€€The€aggravated€assault€in€this€case€consisted€ofÏbodily€injury€inflicted€upon€Wilson€with€a€deadly€weapon,€to€wit:€a€gun.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102€(a)€(1991).€€Although€we€fully€appreciate€the€extent€ofÏWilsonððs€injuries,€we€find€that€the€appellantððs€aggravated€assault€with€a€deadlyÏweapon€inherently€included€a€high€risk€to€human€life.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€There€is€no€evidence€toÏdemonstrate€the€existence€of€a€high€risk€to€human€life€other€than€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€charged€offenses.€€Therefore,€we€conclude€that€œenhancer›€(10)€shouldÍnot€have€been€applied€to€the€assault€conviction€in€this€case.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€885ÏS.W.2d€357,€363€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€òòper.€œapp›.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).× ƒ2 ××  ×Ì€€à àThe€appellant€next€challenges€the€application€of€enhancer€(12)€pertaining€toÏthe€willful€infliction€of€bodily€injury€during€the€commission€of€the€felony.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(12)€(Supp.€1996).€€He€contends€that€enhancer€(12)€is€inapplicableÏas€an€element€of€the€offenses.Ìà àFirst,€we€find€that€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€accomplished€with€theÏuse€of€a€deadly€weapon,€does€not€necessarily€entail€the€infliction€of€willful€bodilyÏinjury€on€a€victim.€€A€kidnapper€may€simply€use€the€presence€of€a€deadly€weapon€toÏcoerce€and€detain€the€victim€without€ever€inflicting€bodily€injury.€€Thus,€the€appellantððsÏconduct€in€this€case€supports€the€application€of€enhancer€(12)€to€his€kidnappingÏconviction.€€He€acted€beyond€the€mere€statutory€elements€of€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€and€intentionally€struck€the€victim€over€the€head€with€his€weapon,Ïcausing€bodily€injury.€€Ìà àWe€find,€however,€that€enhancer€(12)€should€not€have€been€applied€to€theÏaggravated€assault€conviction.€€This€Court€has€previously€held€that€enhancer€(12)€isÍalready€included€in€the€offense€of€aggravated€assault.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tony€VonÏCarruthersóó,€No.€œ02C01›„9102„CR„00019€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€Aug.€7,€1991).€€ÏIn€this€case,€the€bodily€injury€inflicted€upon€Wilson€was€an€essential€element€ofÏaggravated€assault.€€Therefore,€the€application€of€enhancer€(12)€was€not€proper.€€€Ìà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€finding€anyÏmitigating€factors.€€We€disagree.€€Appellant€has€failed€to€demonstrate€how€his€age€orÏhis€relatively€low€intelligence€level€mitigate€his€criminal€actions.€€Moreover,€weÏdecline€to€find€that€his€alleged€intoxication€was€relevant€in€mitigating€his€culpability.€ÏThe€trial€court€did€not€err€in€refusing€to€apply€mitigating€factors.Ìà àIn€summary,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancer€(10)€to€theÏkidnapping€conviction€and€œenhancers›€(10)€and€(12)€to€the€aggravated€assaultÏconviction.€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€six„year€sentence€for€aggravatedÏassault€should€be€modified€to€four€(4)€years.€€However,€regarding€the€twenty„five€yearÏsentence€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€we€cannot€say€that€the€maximumÏsentence€is€unjustified.€€Appellant€committed€a€particularly€violent€crime€without€anyÏprovocation€and€has€failed€to€demonstrate€any€remorse.€€He€terrorized€a€youngÏwoman,€inflicted€bodily€injury€upon€her,€held€her€captive,€and€threatened€her€life.€ÏDue€to€the€unusual€circumstances€surrounding€the€crime€and€the€application€of€threeÏenhancement€factors,€the€twenty„five€year€sentence€for€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€is€affirmed.Ìà àBased€upon€the€œforegoing,€appellantððs€convictions€and€his€twenty„five€(25)Ïyear€sentence€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€are€affirmed.€€AppellantððsÏsentence€for€aggravated€assault,€however,€is€reduced€to€four€(4)€years.€Ì̛̜à à›€€€€ÏÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àœ______________________________›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ____________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€œTIPTON›,€JUDGEÌÌÌ____________________________ÌœCURWOOD›€œWITT›,€JUDGEÌ