ÿWPC¿  ÇY°W“ØPTBÜB_ΩLnOß„TÞ ^7l<³ë—…Â]q|Ð)b hŽUernã±Jÿ-7Ô¥ C~)óÕ¬Bó>æ´*p‘ú¥#ô4MàB©–ý‹,Ð1ñ<„ÍŸÚ>­ôŸ[6_P ôÛv~ú¥-ümSH°ø1ÞÍh!ŒQ2Jˆ³0}}p²lÇ´c%’·Xx…ÆU$*ý+‘þ;²,~þ\¶¹ùú„-~䜓òòŠ“¢Ôœ|9•)nçΕ”L¦Aû®‹©s÷˜ ů¼ÖÍ‘zƒ{Oˆ¥t;º‚\‚²¯)x*u@£/‚»±Ø²¹ÔòÒj3/ye×÷ÉÝG"®Y§6¦¿Xh¸Íc}>WNƒé×ìeÈÒ&X›ß^ÞœqrÔØø è[öTbËÄŠ%‡ÞBk µ„ —ð=¸‹1Ûi’·ˆÊ¬ÞÕt b5ÜdÖ°-ÓPUU¿qÊÉ@çÊäG÷9é=Ò¨ã7ö9|¥å:%®Ü¨é§^ˆÉÍ/ÈsBÊ×Û ÚÊÿv´®ÐzçPUNI %— 0(w@Å4(U:0U:jU:¤(ÞU: AQ@Æ‘ 0DW 0D› 0Dß ß D/# BR Bo D3Œ ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ <=D>D?@DADB/CDÓ€Pn~<$3|xP,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,ó‚ AZ"Arial Regular,ó‚ AZ"Arial Regular Ý ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ XŠvXXXÔÔ€ #X XŠvÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ XŠvX #ÔÐ  ÐÌò òNovember€5,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ô ¡ôX XŠvÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular !"#%Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd&&&&'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñDñ›ñDñÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ XŸ/XXXÔÓ  ÓñPññDñßr€ (<,(j 8` `€€@E ±` ttx$X°ð ÕrßñDññPññPññPññPññDñ›ñDññPññPññPññPñ›ñPññPñßt€ (>.*jxÁÿÒþ` `€€@Eá°` ttx$°ð Ôtß›ñPñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌOCTOBER€1998€SESSIONò òÐ pÀ ÐÌÌÌÓ  Óó óSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)Ð 0 € Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àC.C.A.€No.€02C01„9711„CC„00435Ð  p  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,à h àà À à)Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àLauderdale€CountyÐ P  Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð ð@  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHonorable€Joseph€H.€Walker,€IIIÐ à0  ÐGRADY€DEMOSS,à  àà h àà À à)Ð Ð  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à(Delivery€of€Schedule€II€Controlled€Substance)Ð À Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À à)ò òÐ ° ÐÌÌÌÌÌó óFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð P  ÐÌJulie€K.€Pillowà  àà h àà À àà  àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ 0€ ÐAssistant€District€Public€Defenderà  àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ  p ÐP.€O.€Box€700à  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÐ ` ÐSomerville,€TN€€38068„0700à À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð P ÐÌOF€COUNSEL:à  àà h àà À àà  àà À àà  àDouglas€D.€HimesÐ à0 ÐGary€F.€Antricanà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ Ð  ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue,€NorthÐ À! ÐP.€O.€Box€700à  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð °"  ÐSomerville,€TN€€38068„0700Ìò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àó óElizabeth€T.€RiceÐ $à" Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à302€Market€StreetÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àSomerville,€TN€€38068ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMark€E.€DavidsonÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à302€Market€StreetÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àSomerville,€TN€€38068ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€____________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SENIOR€JUDGEÌò ò€€€€Ð  @837 ÐÔ‡ ¼Ñ̼X XŸ/ÔòòÓ  ÓÑ7€ Ÿ/ XXdðXXdð7ÑOPINIONóóÔ#† XŸ/X¼ ¼ÑÌ| #ÔÐ ° ÐÓž ÓÌÌó óÓÓà ` àThe€appellant,€Grady€Demoss,€referred€herein€as€the€defendant,€appeals€as€of€rightÐ ¦ö Ðfrom€the€conviction€for€delivery€of€a€Schedule€II€controlled€substance,€to€wit:€cocaine,€lessÏthan€.5€grams,€by€a€Lauderdale€County€jury.€€As€a€result€of€the€jury€verdict,€the€trial€courtÏimposed€a€sentence€of€four€years,€six€months€in€the€Department€of€Correction€and€a€fineÏof€$2,500.€€The€defendant€presents€two€issues€for€appellate€review.ÌÓ'XƒX× ¸ ˜X°œX'ÓÓÓà8 ` à1.à8× ` (#` (#àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€overruling€the€defendantððs€objectionÐ V  Ðon€grounds€of€hearsay€to€Officer€Thompson€testifying€as€to€what€heÏoverheard€the€confidential€informant€say€to€the€defendant€onÏDecember€11,€1996€at€the€time€of€the€alleged€exchange€of€cocaine.Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÌà8 ` à2.à8× ` (#` (#àWhether€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€sufficient€to€support€theÐ ¶ Ðverdict€and€judgment€of€guilty€for€the€offense€of€delivery€of€ScheduleÏII€controlled€substance€(cocaine)€less€than€.5€grams.Ð × ±!× ±! ÐÌÌÌÓÓà ` àAfter€a€review€of€the€entire€record,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€the€appropriate€law,Ïwe€have€determined€there€is€no€error€requiring€a€reversal.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€courtððsÏjudgment€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓ  Óà @ àò òFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDÐ Ö"&  ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àMr.€John€Thompson,€a€veteran€drug€investigator€for€the€Lauderdale€County€SheriffððsÐ –&æ!$ ÐDepartment,€testified€he€was€a€member€of€a€surveillance€team€working€drug€buys€throughÏa€confidential€informant€in€Henning,€Tennessee€on€December€11,€1996.€€The€surveillanceÏteam€consisted€of€the€director€of€the€drug€task€force,€fellow€agents,€and€an€evidenceÏcustodian,€who€was€responsible€for€recovering€and€securing€evidence€of€buys.€€The€agentsÏutilized€a€surveillance€van€near€target€areas.€Officer€Thompson€and€Agent€Dan€JonesÏwould€monitor€drug€buys€through€the€use€of€a€high„powered€video€camera€and€TV€monitor.ÏIn€addition,€a€confidential€informant€would€be€searched€for€the€absence€of€drugs€and€thenÏwired€with€a€œKñ?ñehñ?ññ@ñañ@ñlñAñeñAñ›€set€which€transmitted€conversations€back€to€the€surveillance€van.€€TheseÏconversations€were€then€recorded€on€audiotapes.€Thus,€the€surveillance€officers€were€ableÏto€hear€everything€said€during€the€drug€buys.€Ð V9¦48 Їà ` àAt€approximately€4:30€p.m.€on€December€11,€1996,€Officer€Thompson€met€aÏconfidential€informant,€Donald€Wallace,€at€the€Henning€rest€area€on€Highway€51.€€WallaceÏwas€searched€and€fitted€with€a€œKñ<ñehñ<ññ=ñañ=ñlñ>ñeñ>ñ›€set€to€record€any€conversations.€€Prior€to€sending€theÏconfidential€informant€into€Henning,€Officer€Thompson€and€Deputy€Kevin€Brogdon€droveÏthrough€Henning€and€observed€the€defendant€standing€in€front€of€Rosieððs€Cafe.€€OfficerÏThompson€gave€the€confidential€informant€two€$20€bills€for€the€buys.€Officer€Thompson€andÏAgent€Jones€proceeded€to€the€target€area€and€set€up€their€surveillance€van.€€OfficerÏThompson€notified€Deputy€Brogdon€to€send€the€confidential€informant€to€the€target€area.€ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Thompson€began€videoing€the€target€area.€€Officer€Thompson€observed€theÏdefendant€go€inside€Rosieððs.€The€defendant€came€out€of€the€cafe€and€the€confidentialÏinformant€stopped€in€front€of€Rosieððs,€where€the€defendant€and€Wallace€began€talking.ÏOfficer€Thompson€heard€Wallace€tell€the€defendant,€ð ðhe€wanted€a€couple€of€stonesðð€(streetÏslang€for€crack€cocaine).€The€defendant€told€Wallace,€ð ðOkay.€€Pull€over.ðð€€When€WallaceÏparked€his€car,€the€defendant€approached€the€car€and€stated,€ð ðYeah,€what€you€need?ððÏWallace€responded,€ð ðI€want€to€get€a€couple€of€nice€stones.ðð€€The€defendant€said,€ð ðOkay,ÏIððll€be€right€back.ðð€€The€defendant€went€into€the€cafe€and€returned.€€The€defendant€then€gotÏinto€the€car€and€directed€Wallace€to€drive€off.€€The€defendant€inquired€if€the€confidentialÏinformant€was€the€police.€€Wallace€denied€this.€€Wallace€then€bought€the€stones€from€theÏdefendant€for€$40.€ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Thompson€and€Agent€Jones€returned€to€the€rest€area,€where€œñ:ñtñ:ñheñ;ñyñ;ñ›€observedÏDeputy€Brogdon€had€two€pieces€of€crack€cocaine€in€a€clear€Ziploc€bag€in€his€custody.€ÏLater,€Officer€Thompson€discovered€the€œñBñKaleñBñ›œñBñKehlñBñ›€set€transmissions€of€the€conversationsÏbetween€the€defendant€and€Wallace€had€malfunctioned€and€were€inaudible.€ÌÌà ` àDonald€Wallace,€the€confidential€informant€in€this€case,€testified€he€contacted€theÏLauderdale€County€Sheriffððs€Department€and€talked€to€Officer€Thompson€about€undercoverÏwork.€€Mr.€Wallace€had€three€small€children€and€was€concerned€about€the€local€volume€ofÐ 09€48 Ðdrugs€and€violence.€€Mr.€Wallace€had€ambitions€to€be€a€law€enforcement€officer,€but€lackedÏa€high€school€diploma€or€GED.€ÌÌà ` àMr.€Wallace€testified€he€was€advised€by€Officer€Thompson€to€meet€Thompson€at€theÏrest€area€on€Highway€51.€€Wallace€was€searched€and€then€wired€with€a€wire€monitor€andÏgiven€$40€cash.€Upon€instructions,€Wallace€proceeded€to€the€McFarland€Street€area€inÏHenning.€€Wallace€drove€around€the€block€and€upon€his€return,€the€defendant€approachedÏhim€and€inquired,€ð ðWhat€do€you€want?ðð€Wallace€responded€that€he€wanted€two€of€theÏbiggest€stones€the€defendant€had.€€The€defendant€said,€ð ðWait€a€minute.ðð€€The€defendantÏwent€in€the€cafe€and€returned€and€got€in€Wallaceððs€car.€€They€rode€up€the€street.€€TheÏdefendant€showed€Wallace€two€rocks€of€cocaine€and€Wallace€gave€the€defendant€the€twoÏ$20€bills.€€Wallace€drove€the€defendant€back€to€the€cafeððs€area€and€then€returned€to€theÏrest€area.€€Wallace€gave€the€two€pieces€of€crack€cocaine€to€Deputy€Brogdon.€€WallaceÏtestified€he€received€$40€for€making€this€buy.€€Wallace€used€the€name€of€John€AndersonÏduring€this€buy.€Also,€Wallace€testified€this€was€his€first€buy€as€an€undercover€informantÏand€he€did€not€know€the€defendant€prior€to€this€buy.ÌÌà ` àKevin€Brogdon,€deputy€sheriff€for€Lauderdale€County,€testified€he€assisted€OfficerÏJohn€Thompson€and€others€in€an€undercover€buy€in€Henning.€Officer€BrogdonððsÏresponsibility€was€to€remain€at€the€rest€area€during€the€buy.€The€confidential€informant,ÏDonald€Wallace,€was€wired€and€sent€to€the€area€of€the€buy€after€Officer€Thompson€had€setÏup€surveillance.€€Later,€Wallace€returned€and€gave€Deputy€Brogdon€the€narcotics€he€hadÏpurchased.€€Deputy€Brogdon€denied€the€defendant€was€singled€out€for€drug€purchases.€ÌÌà ` àDennis€Cheairs,€director€of€the€Twenty„Fifth€Judicial€District€Violent€Crime€Drug€TaskÏForce,€testified€he€participated€in€the€purchase€of€cocaine€from€the€defendant.€€Mr.€CheairsÏand€another€officer€were€to€provide€backup€for€safety€reasons€for€the€confidentialÏinformant.€Mr.€Cheairs€followed€Wallace€to€Henning€and€was€œñCñin€ñCñaudio›€contact€with€theÏinformant.€€Cheairs€heard€someone€talking€to€the€informant€and€heard€a€car€door€shut.Ð 09€48 ÐThen,€Cheairs€followed€the€informant€back€to€the€rest€area.€Cheairs€could€not€recall€theÏspecifics€of€the€conversation€he€heard€between€the€defendant€and€the€informant.€ÌÌà ` àMs.€Lisa€Mays,€forensic€scientist€with€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€CrimeÏLaboratory,€testified€that€the€substance€she€received€from€Officer€Thompson€containedÏcocaine€base€and€weighed€0.1€gram.€ÌÌà ` àThe€defendant€testified€he€was€standing€outside€Rosieððs€Cafe€on€December€11,Ï1996.€€Rosie€was€a€longtime€friend€of€the€family.€The€defendant€testified€Donald€WallaceÏpulled€up,€threw€up€his€hand,€and€hollered€at€the€defendant.€The€defendant€approachedÏthe€car€and€Wallace€asked€the€defendant€about€some€drugs.€The€defendant€told€Wallace,Ïð ðI€do€not€sell€drugs;€I€didnððt€know€nothing€about€no€drugs.ðð€The€defendant€asked€WallaceÏto€wait€a€minute€while€the€defendant€went€in€Rosieððs€to€use€the€bathroom.€€The€defendantÏreturned€to€Wallaceððs€car€and€Wallace€gave€the€defendant€a€ride€up€the€street.€€TheÏdefendant€denied€there€was€any€exchange€of€drugs€or€money€in€the€car.€€The€defendantÏtestified€he€knew€Officer€Thompson€from€previous€encounters€on€McFarland€Street.€TheÏdefendant€testified€he€had€never€seen€Wallace€before€and€after€Wallace€let€him€out€of€theÏcar,€the€defendant€went€to€Jessie€Halliburtonððs€store€to€purchase€cigarettes.€€Apparently,ÏJessie€Halliburton€would€have€been€a€reluctant€witness€in€the€defendantððs€behalf.€ÌÌà ` àBased€on€all€of€the€testimony€and€physical€evidence,€the€jury€found€the€defendantÏguilty.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓAPPELLATE€ISSUESÐ Ð/ +. ÐÌó óÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€permitting€Officer€Thompson€toÐ 3à.2 Ðtestify€as€to€what€the€confidential€informant,€Donald€Wallace,€said€during€the€drugÏtransaction.€€The€defendant€argues€that€these€statements€were€made€for€the€truth€of€theÏmatter€asserted,€there€was€a€drug€transaction€between€the€defendant€and€Donald€Wallace,€Ð 09€48 Ðin€violation€of€Rule€801(c),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.€€However,€the€defendant€doesÏnot€cite€any€authorities,€other€than€the€rule,€in€support€of€his€contention€that€the€trial€courtððsÏruling€was€in€error€under€these€facts.€The€State€counters€that€the€statements€of€WallaceÏwere€not€offered€to€prove€the€truth€of€what€the€informant€asserted,€but€to€explain€the€policeÏsurveillance€and€give€context€to€the€investigation.€ÌÌà ` àTennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€801€defines€hearsay€as:ÌÓ0X„X/ h–XXƒX× ¸ ˜X0ÓÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(a)à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àStatement.€A€ð ðstatementðð€is€(1)€an€oral€or€writtenÐ Ð  Ðassertion€or€(2)€nonverbal€conduct€of€a€person€if€it€isÏintended€by€the€person€as€an€assertion.Ð / Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(b)à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àDeclarant.€A€ð ðdeclarantðð€is€a€person€who€makes€aÐ à Ðstatement.Ð / Y/ Y ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(c)à8/ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð àHearsay.€ð ðHearsayðð€is€a€statement,€other€than€oneÐ `° Ðmade€by€the€declarant€while€testifying€at€the€trial€orÏhearing,€offered€in€evidence€to€prove€the€truth€of€theÏmatter€asserted.Ð / Y/ Y ÐÌÌÓÓà ` àWe€do€not€find€the€trial€court€was€in€error€in€permitting€Officer€Thompson€to€relateÏwhat€the€informant,€Donald€Wallace,€stated€to€the€defendant.€The€testimony€of€OfficerÏThompson€was€not€offered€for€the€truth€of€the€matter€asserted€therein,€but€to€explain€theÏreasons€why€the€officers€had€this€particular€drug€transaction€under€observation.€òòState€v.Ð  #ð! ÐJones,€óó598€S.W.2d€209,€223€(Tenn.€1980);€òòState€v.€Barry€Hill,€óóDickson€County€No.€01C01„Ð €%Ð # Ð9004„CC„00113,€1991€WL€218288€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€October€29,€1991).€ÏFurthermore,€the€declarant,€Donald€Wallace,€testified€as€to€his€conversations€with€theÏdefendant.€Thus,€the€defendant€had€the€benefit€of€testing€the€accuracy€of€WallaceððsÏstatements€in€the€presence€of€the€jury.€€In€his€own€testimony,€the€defendant€admittedÏWallace€asked€him€for€drugs€which€corroborates€the€testimony€of€Officer€Thompson.€€EvenÏif€the€testimony€of€Officer€Thompson€was€error,€it€was€harmless€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt,€in€light€of€the€overwhelming€guilt€of€the€defendant.€òò€Chapman€v.€California,€óó386€U.S.Ð  2ð-1 Ð18,€87€S.Ct.€824,€17€L.Ed.2d€705€(1967);€òòState€v.€Fears,€óó659€S.W.2d€370,€378€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð €4Ð/3 ÐApp.€1983),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€465€U.S.€1082,€104€S.Ct.€1450,€79€L.Ed.2d€768€(1984).€ThereÐ `6°15 Ðis€no€merit€to€this€issue.ÌÐ  :p59 Ðà ` àIn€his€second€issue,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€toÏsupport€the€verdict€of€guilty€for€the€offense€of€delivery€of€a€Schedule€II€controlled€substanceÏ(cocaine)€less€than€.5€grams.€ÌÌà ` àWhen€a€jury€convicts€an€individual€of€a€criminal€offense,€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence€disappears€just€as€the€sunset.€€Thus,€ñ2ñœñ2ñthe€presumption€of€innocenceñ2ñ›ñ2ñ€is€replacedÏby€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstratingÏthat€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€òòState€v.€Tuggle,€óó639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€InÐ Ð  Ðdetermining€the€sufficiency€of€ñ2ñœñ2ñthe€evidence,ñ2ñ›ñ2ñ€this€court€does€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€theÏevidence.€òòState€v.€Cabbage,€óó571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€On€appeal,€the€State€isÐ à Ðentitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€legitimate€or€reasonableÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€òò€State€v.€Harris,€óó839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.Ð P  Ð1992).€It€is€the€appellate€courtððs€duty€to€affirm€the€conviction€if€the€evidence€viewed€underÏthese€standards€was€sufficient€for€any€rational€trier€of€fact€to€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€òò€Jackson€v.€Virginia,óó€443€U.S.€307,Ð ð@ Ð317,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€ñ2ñœñ2ñ2789,€61€L.Ed.2d€560ñ2ñ›ñ2ñ€(1979);€òòState€v.€Cazes,€óó875€S.W.2d€253,€259Ð Ð  Ð(Tenn.€1994);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€This€ruling€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicatedÏupon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€both€direct€andÏcircumstantial€evidence.€òò€State€v.€Matthews,€óó805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð p&À!$ Ð1990).€ÌÌà ` àIn€conclusion,€the€proof€before€the€jury€implicating€the€defendant€consisted€of:ÌÓ6XƒX× ¸ / h–XX„X/ h–X6Óà ` à1.à × àOfficer€Thompson€of€the€Twenty„Fifth€Judicial€ñ2ñœñ2ñDistrict€Violent€Crime€Drugñ2ñ›ñ2ñ€TaskÐ ð-@), ÐForce€conducted€a€surveillance€in€Henning€on€December€4,€1996€for€possible€drugÏtrafficking.€The€officer€observed€the€defendant€in€the€target€area€and€thus€the€defendantÏbecame€a€suspect.Ìà ` à2.à × àOn€December€11,€1996,€Officer€Thompson€sent€the€wired€informant,€DonaldÐ p5À04 ÐWallace,€into€the€surveillance€area€to€see€if€the€informant€could€buy€crack€cocaine€from€theÏdefendant.€€This€event€was€monitored€by€audiotapes€and€a€video€camera.€Ð 09€48 Ðà ` à3.à × àOfficer€Thompson€observed€the€informant€meet€the€defendant€and€ask€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€for€ð ðtwo€stones.ðð€€The€defendant€entered€Rosieððs€ñ2ñœñ2ñCafe,ñ2ñ›ñ2ñ€ñ2ñœñ2ññ-ñand›€ñ-ñreturned,ñ2ñ›ñ2ñ€ñ2ñœñ2ññ.ñand€hadñ.ññ/ñhavingñ/ññ2ñ›ñ2ñ€theÏinformant€drive€ñ2ñœñ2ññ0ñhim€ñ0ñdownñ2ñ›ñ2ñ€the€ñ2ñœñ2ñstreet.ñ1ñ€ñ1ññ2ñ›ñ2ñ€The€defendant€sold€the€crack€cocaine€to€the€informantÏfor€two€$20€bills.€Ìà ` à4.à × àThe€informant€returned€to€the€rest€area€on€Highway€51€and€gave€the€lawÐ 0 € Ðenforcement€officers€the€suspected€cocaine.€An€analysis€established€the€substance€wasÏcocaine.Ìà ` à5.à × àThe€defendant€testified€he€was€at€Rosieððs€Cafe€on€the€date€in€question.€TheÐ Ð  Ðinformant€pulled€up€in€a€car€and€inquired€if€the€defendant€had€any€drugs,€to€which€theÏdefendant€denied€having€any€drugs€or€knowledge€of€drugs.€€However,€the€defendant€wentÏinto€œRosieððsñ7ñ,ñ7ñ›€œñ8ñand›€ñ8ñreturnedñ9ñ,ñ9ñ›€and€got€into€the€informantððs€car€for€a€ride€down€the€street.€ÌÌà ` àBased€on€this€proof,€we€find€the€evidence€sufficient€from€which€a€rational€trier€of€factÏcould€have€found€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€as€to€the€offense€ofÏdelivery€of€a€controlled€substance,€Schedule€II,€to€wit:€cocaine.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€ÌÌà ` àThe€trial€courtððs€judgment€is€affirmed.ÌÌÔ‡ XÑ®XX X|ÔÓÓà ` àà × àà ¸ àà / àà h àà À à________________________________________Ð p&À!$ Ðà ` àà × àà ¸ àà / àà h àà À àL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SENIOR€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ô#† X|XX XÑ®†P#ÔÔ‡ X|XX X|ÔÐ ê3:/3 ÐDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGEÌÌÔ#† X|XX X|1R#Ôà ` àà × àà ¸ àà / àÌÌ