ÿWPCÛ Û‰cZ¾Uh$¢!"á¶‘1ñ9²\k›gŽ9•-Ô^h?¢E‰Ÿ–¿¢v³s­%°œ©ä-p å3ÓÍ:†EŽJÊö@éPñ…ɰ:+u˜ÿ{à8Lõé8YÛžØÅ¼¾¯p¼ð§È õ:“ŠÃÙ«º‹Ee~Ëñ¦nLç‘ ÃD÷,tBÏÞý'ŠçðÙÅD%=ãšaZ2±;:[© Ö52 Ê·/îYB!xµHkÁÛq|™#ë¨QCG Ý \êÑ©ê=ÀbëóÍ~ÊõyÒÎO¹³5[ÄY¬x @ùd¬ÁqUü89ÁEêÄèÛÄúªß9>÷Ó;±r])“ºÆ`¶GÖ¨ ,äFðv6 7ßßûr™e@Æ MÀ2É~¿¼òÌq.)çœø©Ä ÒX|#%™ÞÕW(eRFµÛŸ/Î~là†‘¼ÁNP\_m¾Œ‘ÕÌ´ï¹Ò¿ ÀãTî’÷Føýú£ Ëdúä /þζ¸½”áV›ž´Õhé²vpú£´S+wPŸùuñó^tË1ÿ1=æÚôÈeAX4 ’h=’L•¸K_)&‰-éL5w˜øÜîddöQâ/°ÝÛ«XVÍKÞa0™äÃBù™Z2.Ôb %\^ b 0ˆnUNöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÉÐ 1‡™ Æ Ææ ƬÆr 728Nj 1ul 72áE 0cUNxÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆbÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ 0ëÖÖÖÖ BÁÁ 0¤Þ D5‚ D-· 0Kää AS/Æ‚ 0¤H 0Dì A«0»Ôs‚/Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularyö.ê:i¢×+003|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜\\IB01S02\CLERKJACÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(5hCEKQW]cioAutoList1I.I.I.I.I.I.I.I.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 I.3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular - ù-(|G2A\$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ðq»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôç,ò»»Ô d(|3xµ$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ðq»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3xµ$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ðq»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ðq»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ8€ƒ7XXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡î%6î»»ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@òò%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†»Ðq»îî%6á#ԈРÓ# Ðà@„ „ ìàAssigned€on€Briefs€August€5,€2003ˆÐ öF ÐÌà@  ìàò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€RICHARD€Ô_ÔDILLINGÔ_Ôòòóóó óˆÐ  f ÐÌÔ€Xƒ7X»»ÐqÔà@– – ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Ô_ÔObionÔ_Ô€CountyˆÐ 7 ‡ Ðà@  ìàNo.€2„275€€€€€€William€B.€Ô_ÔAcreeÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JudgeˆÐ ! q ÐÌÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<Þ` A߈Ð ß/  ÐÌà@ ìàNo.€W2002„02547„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€November€24,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ԈРØ(  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<«` AßÐ ¬ü  Ðó óÌFollowing€a€bench€trial€in€the€Circuit€Court€of€Ô_ÔObionÔ_Ô€County,€Defendant,€Richard€Ô_ÔDillingÔ_Ô,€wasÐ ¤ô  Ðconvicted€of€misdemeanor€reckless€endangerment.€€He€was€sentenced€to€serve€11€months€and€29Ð Ý Ðdays,€with€all€but€30€days€to€be€suspended.€€He€now€appeals,€challenging€both€the€sufficiency€of€theÐ vÆ Ðevidence€to€sustain€the€conviction€and€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court.€€After€a€carefulÐ _¯ Ðreview€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà@ìàò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óˆÐ j ÐÌòòThomas€T.€Woodall,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòNorma€McGee€Ogleóó€andÐ í= ÐòòRobert€W.€Wedemeyer,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ö& ÐÌDidi€Christie,€Brownsville,€Tennessee,€(on€appeal);€Joseph€P.€Ô_ÔAtnipÔ_Ô,€District€Public€Defender;€andÐ ¨ø ÐWilliam€K.€Randolph,€Assistant€Public€Defender,€(at€trial)€for€the€appellant,€Richard€Ô_ÔDillingÔ_Ô.Ð ‘á ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Jennifer€Bledsoe,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð c³ ÐThomas€A.€Thomas,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Kevin€Ô_ÔAlpinÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ L œ ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€the€State€of€Tennessee.Ð 5!…  ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óˆÐ #W" ÐÌà  àOn€the€afternoon€of€July€20,€2002,€Defendant€was€at€the€home€of€his€aunt,€Sarah€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ô,Ð Ú$* $ Ðlocated€at€the€Homestead€trailer€park€in€Troy,€Tennessee.€€Several€other€people€were€also€present,Ð Ã%!% Ðincluding€family€members.€€From€the€record€it€appears€that€there€was€some€discord€among€theÐ ¬&ü!& Ðmembers€of€the€family€during€the€immediately€preceding€24€to€48€hours.€€One€or€more€had€beenÐ •'å"' Ðtaken€to€jail€on€unspecified€criminal€charges,€and€Ms.€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ô€had€been€required€to€arrange€bail.€Ð ~(Î#( ÐSome€of€those€present€had€congregated€at€Ms.€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ôððs€home€because€they€had€been€staying€at€theÐ g)·$) Ðresidence€of€an€individual€who€was€incarcerated,€and€he€had€told€them€to€leave.€€In€any€event,€it€isÐ P* %* Ðimplied€Ô_Ôfrom€a€review€of€the€record€that€disharmony€and€disgust€among€the€family€members€hadÐ 9+‰&+ Ðcaused€tempers€to€flare€and€patience€was€in€short€supply.€€Ð ",r', Ðâ âÐ  -[(-ý ÐÔ_Ôà  àMs.€Ceiga€testified€that€she€told€those€present€in€her€home€that€they€could€stay,€but€ð ðif€theyÐ ° Ðâ âstarted€any€stuff,ðð€they€would€have€to€leave.€€Ms.€Ceiga€further€stated€that€Defendant€ð ðstarted€withÐ ™é Ðan€attitudeðð€and€she€asked€him€to€leave€several€times.€€He€would€not€leave.€€Ms.€Ceigaððs€husband,Ð ‚Ò ÐDavid€Ceiga,€pushed€Defendant€out€the€door,€but€Defendant€still€would€not€leave,€and€kept€ð ðcomingÐ k» Ðbackðð€at€Ms.€Ceigaððs€husband.€€She€called€the€police€for€assistance€in€forcing€Defendant€to€leave.€Ð T¤ ÐÌÌà  àOfficer€Larry€Farley€and€Chief€James€Cleek€of€the€Troy€Police€Department€responded€shortlyÐ  _ Ðafter€Ms.€Ceigaððs€call€to€the€police.€€They€arrived€at€the€Ceiga€residence€at€approximately€2:00€p.m.€Ð ø H ÐFarley,€Ms.€Ceigaððs€former€son„in„law,€arrived€a€few€minutes€before€Chief€Cleek.€€Farley€confrontedÐ á 1  ÐDefendant€at€the€scene€and€told€Defendant€that€he€had€to€leave.€€According€to€Farley,€DefendantÐ Ê   Ðstated€that€he€did€not€want€to€leave,€at€least€until€he€told€his€side€of€the€story.€€Farley€again€toldÐ ³  ÐDefendant€to€leave,€and€that€he€had€no€desire€to€hear€Defendantððs€story.€€Defendant€became€ð ða€littleÐ œì  Ðagitatedðð€and€got€into€his€vehicle.€€According€to€Officer€Farley,€Defendant€reversed€the€vehicle€atÐ …Õ  Ða€high€rate€of€speed,€left€the€trailer€park€ð ðslinging€gravel,ðð€ran€a€stop€sign,€and€proceeded€downÐ n¾  ÐHighway€51€North€at€a€high€rate€of€speed.€€Chief€Cleek€and€Farley€immediately€gave€chase€afterÐ W§  ÐDefendant€in€their€respective€police€cruisers,€with€Chief€Cleek€in€the€lead.€€Officer€Farley€testifiedÐ @ Ðthat€at€one€point€he€was€chasing€Defendant€at€a€speed€in€excess€of€80€miles€per€hour.€€Ð )y ÐÌà  àPrior€to€leaving€the€trailer€park,€Defendantððs€friendððs€six„year„old€child€had€gotten€in€theÐ ûK Ðbackseat€of€Defendantððs€vehicle.€€Defendant€testified€that€he€placed€the€child€inside€the€vehicleÐ ä4 Ðbefore€he€left,€but€Farley€and€Cleek€testified€that€they€were€unaware€that€the€child€was€insideÐ Í ÐDefendantððs€vehicle€until€Defendant€finally€stopped€his€vehicle€on€Highway€51.€€Ð ¶ ÐÌà  àFarley€and€Cleek€testified€that€Defendant€did€not€pull€over€in€a€normal€fashion.€€Both€cruisersÐ ˆØ Ðhad€their€flashing€lights€and€sirens€turned€on€during€the€chase.€€Chief€Cleek€drove€his€vehicle€Ô_ÔevenÐ qÁ Ðwith€Defendant,€on€the€passenger€side€of€Defendantððs€vehicle.€€According€to€Farley,€Defendant€thenÐ Zª Ðswerved€his€vehicle€toward€Chief€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ôððs€cruiser,€causing€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ôððs€vehicle€to€drive€off€the€shoulderÐ C“ Ðof€the€road.€€Chief€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€then€passed€Defendant,€and€he€was€driving€in€front€of€Defendant€whileÐ ,| ÐFarley€was€driving€behind€Defendant.€€Chief€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€began€to€slow€down€to€force€Defendant€to€slowÐ e Ðdown.€€Suddenly,€Defendant€ð ðlocked€downðð€the€brakes€on€his€car,€ð ðslungðð€over€to€the€right€side€ofÐ þN Ðthe€roadway,€leaving€skid€marks€on€the€road,€and€he€stopped€with€his€car€sideways€in€the€right€sideÐ ç 7 Ðof€the€road.€€Defendant€was€then€arrested.€€Chief€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ôððs€testimony€was€similar€to€Officer€FarleyððsÐ Ð!   Ðtestimony,€except€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€did€not€mention€that€Defendant€had€swerved€at€his€vehicle.€€Ð ¹" ! ÐÌà  àDefendant€testified€that€he€initially€went€to€the€trailer€next€door€to€Ms.€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ôððs€trailer,€toÐ ‹$Û# Ðspeak€with€Elizabeth€Ô_ÔNeaceÔ_Ô.€€Ô_ÔNeaceÔ_Ô€left€and€went€to€the€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ô€residence,€and€told€Defendant€to€ð ðstayÐ t%Ä $ Ðput.ðð€€Defendant€initially€stayed,€but€then€went€to€the€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ô€home€and€asked€to€speak€with€Ms.Ð ]&­!% ÐÔ_ÔNeaceÔ_Ô.€€Defendant€stated€that€ð ðone€thing€led€to€anotherðð€and€that€David€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ô€ð ðassaulted€me€byÐ F'–"& Ðforce,€grabbed€my€arm,€threw€me€against€the€trailer,€pushed€me€down€the€stairs,€knocked€me€downÐ /(#' Ðin€the€gravel.ðð€€Ð )h$( ÐÌà  àDefendant€testified€that€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€and€Farley€then€arrived€and€told€him€to€leave.€€He€told€themÐ ê*:&* Ðthat€he€did€not€mind€leaving,€but€he€wanted€to€tell€his€side€of€the€story.€€Defendant€said€that€ChiefÐ Ó+#'+ ÐÔ_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€told€him€twice€that€he€had€one€minute€to€leave.€€Defendant€put€the€child€into€the€car€andÐ ° Ðbacked€out.€€Defendant€claimed€that€he€left€two€or€three€minutes€before€Chief€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€and€OfficerÐ ™é ÐFarley€left€the€trailer€park.€€This€contradicted€the€police€officersðð€testimony€that€they€immediatelyÐ ‚Ò Ðbegan€chasing€Defendant€when€he€left.€€Ð k» ÐÌà  àDefendant€claimed€that€he€did€not€see€flashing€lights€or€hear€sirens.€€He€said€he€did€not€knowÐ =  Ðhe€was€being€chased€by€police€until€Chief€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€pulled€directly€in€front€of€him,€putting€on€hisÐ & v Ðbrakes,€forcing€Defendant€to€slam€on€the€brakes€and€swerve€to€the€right,€leaving€skid€marks€on€theÐ  _ Ðroad.Ð ø H ÐÌà  àDefendant€claimed€that€he€left€the€trailer€park€at€10€miles€per€hour,€the€posted€speed€limit.€Ð Ê   ÐHe€asserted€that€he€drove€no€faster€than€65€miles€per€hour€down€Highway€51€North€prior€to€beingÐ ³  Ðstopped€by€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€and€Farley.€€Defendant€testified€that€he€has€family€members€who€reside€atÐ œì  ÐHomestead€trailer€park,€that€he€had€visited€there€often,€and€that€he€had€never€seen€a€stop€sign€at€theÐ …Õ  Ðexit€he€took€from€the€trailer€park.Ð n¾  ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Defendant€stated€that€the€officersðð€sirens€were€never€turned€on,€andÐ @ Ðthat€he€did€not€see€the€flashing€lights€because€he€was€ð ðlooking€at€the€childðð€in€the€back€seat.€Ð )y ÐDefendant€testified€that€Chief€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€and€Officer€Farley€lied€when€they€testified€that€the€sirens€wereÐ b Ðturned€on.€€He€also€stated€that€Ms.€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ô€lied€when€she€testified€that€she€had€told€Defendant€to€leaveÐ ûK Ðher€residence.€€Defendant€denied€that€he€tried€to€run€Chief€Ô_ÔCleekÔ_Ô€off€the€road,€that€he€had€run€a€stopÐ ä4 Ðsign,€and€that€he€had€ð ðslungðð€gravel€when€he€left€the€trailer€park.Ð Í ÐÌà  àIn€announcing€its€verdict€from€the€bench,€the€trial€court€found€that€Defendantððs€testimonyÐ Ÿï Ðwas€ð ðtotally€impeachedðð€during€cross„examination€by€the€prosecutor.€€The€trial€court€specificallyÐ ˆØ Ðfound€that€Defendant€backed€out€of€the€trailer€park€at€a€very€high€rate€of€speed€while€the€young€childÐ qÁ Ðwas€with€him.€€Also,€the€trial€court€found€that€Defendant€ran€the€stop€sign€and€proceeded€onÐ Zª ÐHighway€51€North€at€a€very€high€rate€of€speed,€with€the€police€officers€following€behind€him€atÐ C“ Ðspeeds€up€to€80€miles€per€hour.€€The€trial€court€found€that€it€was€necessary€for€the€officers€to€ð ðboxÐ ,| Ðinðð€Defendant€in€order€to€try€to€get€him€to€stop,€and€that€Defendant€then€came€to€an€ð ðabrupt€stopððÐ e Ðin€such€a€manner€as€to€endanger€the€officers€as€well€as€the€child€in€the€vehicle€with€Defendant.Ð þN ÐÌà@ôô&ìàò òANALYSISó óˆÐ Ð!   ÐÌò òà@ŽŽìàI.€€Validity€of€Defendantððs€Appeal€to€Circuit€Court€from€General€Sessions€Courtó óˆÐ £#ó" ÐÌà  àWe€must€first€address€the€Stateððs€argument€on€appeal€that€the€trial€court€lacked€theÐ v%Æ $ Ðð ðauthorityðð€to€determine€Defendantððs€guilt€or€innocence€of€reckless€endangerment.€€The€case€cameÐ _&¯!% Ðbefore€the€Circuit€Court€of€Ô_ÔObionÔ_Ô€County€following€Defendantððs€appeal€from€the€General€SessionsÐ H'˜"& ÐCourt€of€that€county,€where€the€charge€was€initiated€in€an€arrest€warrant.€€Defendant€was€alsoÐ 1(#' Ðcharged,€as€a€result€of€this€incident,€and€convicted€in€General€Sessions€Court,€of€resisting€arrest€andÐ )j$( Ðdisorderly€conduct.€€He€appealed€those€convictions€at€the€same€time€and€the€Circuit€Court€found€himÐ *S%) Ðnot€guilty€of€those€two€offenses€following€the€trial.Ð ì*<&* ÐÐ Õ+%'+ Ðà  àThe€State€argues€for€the€first€time€on€appeal€that€Defendant€pled€guilty€to€all€three€offensesÐ ° Ðin€the€General€Sessions€Court,€and€therefore€could€only€appeal€the€sentences€imposed.€€Tenn.€R.Ð ™é ÐCrim.€P.€5(c)(1);€òòsee€State€v.€Ô_ÔWinebargerÔ_Ôóó,€70€S.W.3d€99,€100€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2001).€€The€StateÐ ‚Ò Ðasserts€that€the€three€guilty€pleas€to€reckless€endangerment,€resisting€arrest,€and€disorderly€conductÐ k» Ðshould€be€reinstated.Ð T¤ ÐÌà  àWe€initially€note€that€the€State€did€not€advocate€this€legal€argument€in€the€Circuit€Court€ofÐ & v ÐÔ_ÔObionÔ_Ô€County.€€We€also€question€whether€the€learned€trial€judge€in€this€case€would€conduct€a€òòdeÐ  _ Ðnovoóó€bench€trial€following€guilty€pleas€in€the€General€Sessions€Court.€€The€State,€on€appeal,Ð ø H Ðapparently€relies€upon€the€fact€that€on€each€of€the€three€arrest€warrants,€the€word€ð ðguiltyðð€is€circledÐ á 1  Ðin€the€boiler„plate,€pre„printed€language€under€the€heading€ð ðRequest€to€have€case€tried€in€GeneralÐ Ê   ÐSessions€Court.ðð€€The€pertinent€language€on€each€arrest€warrant€states€that€ð ð[Ô_Ôa]fterÔ_Ô€being€fullyÐ ³  Ðadvised€of€my€rights€by€the€Judge€I€submit€this€case€to€the€jurisdiction€of€the€General€Sessions€Court,Ð œì  Ðand€hereby€plead€___€guilty€to€the€offense€of€[reckless€endangerment€or€Disorderly€Conduct€orÐ …Õ  ÐResisting€arrest/stop]€.€.€.€.ðð€€Ð n¾  ÐÌà  àWhile€the€word€ð ðguiltyðð€is€circled,€it€is€also€important€to€note€that€each€arrest€warrant€hasÐ @ Ðpre„printed€language€listing€the€litany€of€rights€waived€upon€a€plea€of€guilty.€€On€this€part€of€theÐ )y Ðarrest€warrant,€the€spaces€for€the€signatures€of€Defendant,€his€attorney,€and€the€General€SessionsÐ b ÐJudge€are€blank.€€This€strongly€indicates€that€there€were€no€guilty€pleas€in€General€Sessions€Court.€Ð ûK ÐFurthermore,€there€is€reference€to€Officer€Farleyððs€General€Sessions€Court€testimony€in€DefendantððsÐ ä4 Ðtestimony€during€the€Circuit€Court€trial.€€Finally,€there€is,€in€the€transcript,€a€persuasive€indicationÐ Í Ðthat€the€trial€court,€the€prosecutor,€and€the€defense€attorney€were€all€aware€that€the€appeals€wereÐ ¶ Ðfrom€convictions€following€a€trial€in€the€General€Sessions€Court.€€At€the€beginning€of€the€trial€inÐ Ÿï ÐCircuit€Court€there€is€the€following€colloquy:€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà@””!ìàOPENING€STATEMENTSˆÐ Zª ÐÌà8  à[Prosecutor]:à0¸ Ð Ð àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àI€just€want€to€make€sure€„€„€weððre€here€on,€I€believe,€threeÐ ,| Ðcharges€that€were€appealed,€reckless€endangerment,€resistingÐ e Ðstop€[sic],€and€disorderly€conduct.€€Is€that€„€„ÐþNÐ Ð  ÐÌà8  à[Defense€counsel]:à0Ð Ð àThatððs€correct.€ÐÐ!  Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àTHE€COURT:à0  àLetððs€see€€„€„€yeah,€youððre€correct.Т#ò"(#(# ÐÌà  àWhile€the€ð ðjudgmentðð€portion€of€each€arrest€warrant€does€not€clearly€indicate€that€the€finesÐ t%Ä $ Ðand€sentences€were€imposed€following€a€trial€rather€than€guilty€pleas,€and€the€word€ð ðguiltyðð€isÐ ]&­!% Ðcircled€on€a€portion€of€the€arrest€warrant€as€indicated€above,€we€are€confident€from€our€review€ofÐ F'–"& Ðthe€entire€record€that€Defendant€did€in€fact€appeal€to€the€Circuit€Court€the€three€convictions€whichÐ /(#' Ðresulted€from€a€trial€following€pleas€of€ð ðnot€guilty.ðð€€The€State€is€not€entitled€to€the€relief€it€seeksÐ )h$( Ðon€this€issue.Ð *Q%) ÐÌò òà@ÑÑìàII.€€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óˆÐ Ó+#'+ Їà  àDefendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€to€sustain€his€conviction€ofÐ ° Ðmisdemeanor€reckless€endangerment.Ô‡Xé XXXƒ7Ô€€A€person€ð ðwho€recklessly€engages€in€conduct€which€placesÐ ™é Ðor€may€place€another€person€in€imminent€danger€of€death€or€serious€bodily€injuryðð€commits€theÐ ‚Ò Ðoffense€of€misdemeanor€reckless€endangerment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„103€(1997).€€A€personÐ k» Ðð ðacts€recklessly€with€respect€to€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€or€the€result€of€the€conductÐ T¤ Ðwhen€the€person€is€aware€of€but€consciously€disregards€a€substantial€and€unjustifiable€risk€that€theÐ =  Ðcircumstances€exist€or€the€result€will€occur.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(31)€(1997).€€Tenn.Ð & v ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106€provides,€ð ð[Ô_Ôt]heÔ_Ô€risk€must€be€of€such€a€nature€and€degree€that€its€disregardÐ  _ Ðconstitutes€a€gross€deviation€from€the€standard€of€care€that€an€ordinary€person€would€exercise€underÐ ø H Ðall€the€circumstances€as€viewed€from€the€accused€personððs€standpoint.ðð€€€Ô#†Xƒ7X XXé;D#ÔÐ á 1  ÐÔ‡Xé XXXƒ7ÔÌà  àThe€State€is€afforded€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonableÐ ³  Ðinferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€InÐ œì  Ðdetermining€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient,€the€relevant€question€on€appeal€is€whether,€afterÐ …Õ  Ðviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€haveÐ n¾  Ðfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2dÐ W§  Ð185,€190-91€(Tenn.€1992).Ð @ ÐÌà  àAlthough€this€was€a€bench€trial,€the€findings€of€the€trial€judge€carry€the€same€weight€as€a€juryÐ b Ðverdict.€€òòState€v.€Holderóó,€15€S.W.3d€905,€911€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€Questions€concerning€theÐ ûK Ðcredibility€of€the€witnesses€and€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€their€testimony€are€mattersÐ ä4 Ðentrusted€to€the€trial€judge€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Í ÐApp.€1987).€€Accordingly,€we€may€neither€reweigh€nor€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòCabbageóó,€571Ð ¶ ÐS.W.2d€at€835.Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  àThe€arrest€warrant€charging€Defendant€with€misdemeanor€reckless€endangerment€indicatedÐ qÁ Ðthat€the€victim€was€the€six„year€old€child€who€was€a€passenger€in€Defendantððs€vehicle.€€In€order€forÐ Zª Ðthere€to€be€an€ð ðimminentðð€threat€of€death€or€serious€bodily€injury,€the€victim€ð ðmust€be€placed€in€aÐ C“ Ðreasonable€probability€of€danger€as€opposed€to€a€mere€possibility€of€danger.ðð€€òòState€v.€Payneóó,€7Ð ,| ÐS.W.3d€25,€28€(Tenn.€1999).€€Clearly,€the€child€victim€was€within€the€ð ðzone€of€dangerðð€as€definedÐ e Ðby€our€supreme€court.€€òòSee€idóó.€€Taken€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€proof€showed€thatÐ þN ÐDefendant€backed€his€vehicle€from€the€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ô€residence€at€a€high€rate€of€speed,€ran€a€stop€sign,Ð ç 7 Ðproceeded€at€up€to€80€miles€per€hour€down€Highway€51€North,€attempted€to€force€a€police€cruiserÐ Ð!   Ðoff€the€road€and€abruptly€stopped,€losing€control€of€his€vehicle€when€he€knew,€or€should€have€knownÐ ¹" ! Ðthat€he€was€in€near€proximity€to€two€other€vehicles.€€All€of€this€occurred€when€Defendant€knew€heÐ ¢#ò" Ðhad€a€six„year„old€child€as€a€passenger.€€We€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€more€than€sufficient€forÐ ‹$Û# Ðany€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€essential€elements€of€misdemeanor€reckless€endangermentÐ t%Ä $ Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ð ]&­!% ÐÌò òÌà@YY"ìàIII.€€Sentencingó óˆÐ )i$( Ðâ âÐ *S%) Ðà  àThe€trial€court€sentenced€Defendant€to€serve€11€months€and€29€days€in€the€county€jail€withÐ ° Ðall€but€30€days€suspended.€€Defendant€was€sentenced€following€a€hearing€wherein€he€and€his€motherÐ ™é Ðtestified.€€Defendant€argues€on€appeal€that€his€entire€sentence€should€be€suspended.Ð ‚Ò Ðâ âÔ#†Xƒ7X XXé¢H#ÔÌÔ‡Xé XXXƒ7Ôà  àA€trial€court€is€allowed€greater€flexibility€in€setting€misdemeanor€sentences€than€felonyÐ T¤ Ðsentences.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔHumphreysÔ_Ôóó,€70€S.W.3d€752,€769€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2001).€€No€separateÐ =  Ðsentencing€hearing€is€required,€though€the€court€must€give€the€defendant€a€reasonable€opportunityÐ & v Ðto€be€heard€regarding€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð  _ Ð302(a)€(1997€&€Supp.€2002).€€There€is€no€presumption€of€a€minimum€sentence.€€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,Ð ø H Ð15€S.W.3d€515,€518€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€Ð á 1  ÐÌà  àThe€sentence€must€be€specific€and€in€accordance€with€the€principles,€purposes,€and€goals€ofÐ ³  Ðthe€Sentencing€Act.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„302(b)€(1997€&€Supp.€2002);€òòState€v.€Palmeróó,€902Ð œì  ÐS.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.€1995).€€A€determinate€sentence€should€be€set€with€a€percentage€of€notÐ …Õ  Ðgreater€than€75€percent€to€be€served€in€confinement.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„302(d)€(1997€&Ð n¾  ÐSupp.€2002).€€The€trial€court€should€consider€the€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€whenÐ W§  Ðcalculating€the€percentage€of€the€sentence€to€be€served€in€confinement.€€òòIdóó.;€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔTroutmanÔ_Ôóó,€979Ð @ ÐS.W.2d€271,€274€(Tenn.€1998).€€The€trial€court€is€authorized€to€place€the€Ô_ÔmisdemeanantÔ_Ô€on€probationÐ )y Ðeither€immediately€or€after€a€term€of€confinement.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„302(e)€(1997€&€Supp.Ð b Ð2002).€€Ð ûK ÐÔ#†Xƒ7X XXé¼U#ÔÌà  àAt€the€time€of€sentencing,€Defendant€had€no€prior€criminal€record,€was€20€years€old,€and€wasÐ Í Ðnot€employed€full€time,€but€was€a€member€of€the€Army€National€Guard.€€Defendantððs€motherÐ ¶ Ðtestified€that€Defendant€had€tried€to€take€care€of€her€for€the€past€two€years€due€to€her€inability€toÐ Ÿï Ðwork.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àIn€sentencing€Defendant,€the€trial€court€found€that€one€enhancement€factor€applied,€that€theÐ Zª Ðsix„year„old€child€victim€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€his€age.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð C“ Ð114(5)€(Supp.2002).€€Defendant€had€promised€to€take€the€child€swimming.€€Defendant€was€agitatedÐ ,| Ðwith€the€two€police€officers€and€with€one€or€more€other€persons€at€the€Ô_ÔCeigaÔ_Ô€residence.€€He€placedÐ e Ðthe€child€into€his€vehicle€and€immediately€initiated€the€course€of€conduct€which€led€to€hisÐ þN Ðconviction.€€Ð ç 7 Ðà  àDue€to€his€age,€the€victim€was€unable€to€resist€the€crime€and/or€summon€help.€€While€thisÐ Ð!   Ðconsideration€might€apply€to€òòanyóó€passenger€no€matter€the€age,€an€adult€or€at€least€an€older€minorÐ ¹" ! Ðpassenger€might€be€able€to€reason€with€Defendant€or€take€control€of€the€vehicle€before€it€left€theÐ ¢#ò" Ðtrailer€park.€€Therefore,€this€enhancement€factor€is€entitled€to€some,€but€little,€weight.€€However,€asÐ ‹$Û# Ðnoted€above,€the€trial€court€is€entitled€to€much€more€flexibility€in€misdemeanor€sentencing€than€inÐ t%Ä $ Ðfelony€sentencing.ò òó ó€€òòJohnsonóó,€15€S.W.3d€at€518.€€The€Ô_ÔmisdemeanantÔ_Ô€is€not€presumptively€entitled€toÐ ]&­!% Ðthe€minimum€sentence€in€the€absence€of€enhancement€factors.€€òòIdóó.€€ò òó óÐ F'–"& ÐÌà  àDefendant€argues€that€he€is€entitled€to€have€his€entire€sentence€suspended€because€the€trialÐ )h$( Ðcourt€did€not€follow€the€considerations€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„103(1)€inÐ *Q%) Ðordering€him€to€be€confined€in€a€jail€for€30€days€of€the€11€months€and€29€days€sentence.€€TheseÐ ê*:&* Ðconsiderations€are:Ð Ó+#'+ ÐÓÌÌÓÌÓÌÌÜeÓÓ ÐÓÓ ÐÓ(A)€Confinement€is€necessary€to€protect€society€by€restraining€a€defendant€whoÐ jº Ðhas€a€long€history€of€criminal€conduct;Ð S£ ÐÓÌÌÓÌÓÌÌÀfÓ(B)€Confinement€is€necessary€to€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€offenseÐ öF Ðor€confinement€is€particularly€suited€to€provide€an€effective€deterrence€to€othersÐ ß/ Ðlikely€to€commit€similar€offenses;€orÐ È  ÐÓÌÌÓÌÓÌÌðgÓ(C)€Measures€less€restrictive€than€confinement€have€frequently€or€recently€beenÐ k » Ðapplied€unsuccessfully€to€the€defendant;Ð T ¤  ÐÓÌÌÓÓ ÐfÓÓ ÐfÓÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)€(1997).ò òó óÐ ÷ G  ÐÌÓÌ̺hÓà  àHowever,€when€the€trial€court€determines€that€total€confinement€during€the€sentence€is€notÐ k»  Ðappropriate€(as€in€this€case),€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„103(5)€is€relevant€inÐ T¤  Ðdetermining€how€much€of€the€sentence€should€be€served€in€confinement.€€òòSee€State€v.€Dowdyóó,€894Ð =  ÐS.W.2d€301,€305€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€That€section€provides:Ð &v  ÐÓÌÌÓÌÓÌÌkÓÓ ÐÓÓ ÐÓThe€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€the€rehabilitation€or€treatment€of€theÐ É Ðdefendant€should€be€considered€in€determining€the€sentence€alternative€or€lengthÐ ² Ðof€a€term€to€be€imposed.€€The€length€of€a€term€of€probation€may€reflect€the€lengthÐ ›ë Ðof€a€treatment€or€rehabilitation€program€in€which€participation€is€a€condition€ofÐ „Ô Ðthe€sentence.€.€.€.Ð m½ ÐÓÌÌÓÓ Ð