’WPC4 9ē„f“Ū”/¦ZQ??§Zc@ž+ļMŌ@ī–š‚”ĶSNˆž]›œ™*IŚ&{Ė”Ü\ł.Į)ėҊ«;)²'F.ęēęYd3Śe±Ęó³)y«Ó(+ŽqöūBÅ:ļ$õ„`Ž!Ķ ÖŲīłķĮ7ķP…åź””"’NJęĪž=ß`˜90‡³‰o)i·fä(üµz±u+²O¼‚£Üé[ń\‰œMuw™•§v ½óå_†į¤>‘dW“؊œ_-q{Ÿŗžj$Ą²ŽØ9!ЇÓ7dŖ Ś^h’źo–c˜”±ŁĢõl÷Z¬e啙®¢BJj"źŽ„ {*h~~j¤Wö'į(žrTf¤5ćry6ø]&zxķ”oŁAØĮéO@Õ ę=[3׳4Ü~šæP‰”M8l(-u¼żQļõ·ł*TÆóB>( ŃmédßĒvr­¬ CrįEótF}‘×? ™¶€±ƒ“|;^€FŸ>gė%…®nxĮ):_׬.Ņ­0ÅJÖĢÓ¢%(š?ģue€4ŲsŽu¶‡µ©I·¢]ŗŽāā̇S§PŠķ¼±‰ēŁkóģqŅæŚ-:Lkb#É\ %% U N+ 0ˆy U(N 0DO “ z¦ Ņ U>ņ ^ 0w<4@ĘTĘĘąʦ–lNE m......................bDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL 0ė\ēGī.. B 0¤9 D3Ż D- 0K== ASˆĘŪ 0¤” 0DE A«‰˜\\IB01S08T\knoxclerk3ČČ,,,,ČČ0»(ÖĆ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£Ŗ$””Ń€.ŃŃ8€½­»»d»»d8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  Ó(ķ€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(#Ć$ņņŚ  Ś0Ś  Śóó Ż ƒRz$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŌ€ō¶%ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌThe€jewelry€and€the€cigarette€case€were€both€items€later€identified€as€being€taken€from€the€residence€at€205Š ° ŠRedwood.€€ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptō\  `‹&Times New RomanŪt[/Ļ óbļ.<°Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 ŒŻ ƒRz$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś2Ś  ŚóóŌ€ō¶%ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_Ō2002€Tennessee€Public€Acts,€Chapter€849,€section€2(c),€which€became€effective€after€the€appellantššs€trial€inŠ ° Šthis€matter€added€subsection€(1)€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„114,€relating€to€acts€of€terrorism,€andŠ tÄ Šredesignated€former€subsections€(1)€to€(22)€as€(2)€to€(23).€€Therefore,€the€appellants€complaints€as€to€the€trial€courtššsŠ 8ˆ Šapplication€of€enhancement€factors€(9)€and€(16)€correspond€to€the€redesignated€subsections€of€(10)€and€(17).€€However,Š üL Šbecause€the€application€of€the€enhancement€factors€in€this€case€occurred€prior€to€the€addition€of€the€new€subsection€(1),Š Ą Šwe€will€refer€to€the€enhancement€factors€by€their€old€designations.Š „Ō Š3|x’U‹’ĄĄĄ Ń l Ń- ł-’’SDU_6(|G2z$¤¤Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Żą  ąņņŚ  Ś0Ś  ŚóóŌ€ō¶%ņ»»Ō ŻŻ ƒRz$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś4Ś  ŚóóŌ€ō¶%ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌThis€enhancement€factor€refers€to€the€risk€posed€to€persons€other€than€the€victim€of€the€crime. äŻ ƒRz$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś3Ś  ŚóóŌ€ō¶%ņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌThe€trial€court€applied€enhancement€factor€(16)€only€to€the€charge€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€ d(|3Ēf$££Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻVVVV'’’dxd)!ČČČČdxdx( ±ž$’’ņ ņFigure€Ś  Ś1Ś  Śó ó^_X`YEž’<<C’’ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Ēf$¢¢Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Ż($$””ņ ņŚ  Ś1Ś  Śó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8’’’’’’’’’’C’’ HKKKKŻ ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€»»ddČ8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŃ  ŃŃ  ŃŌ€¼»»»ŌŃ8€Z±XXdģ»»d8ŃŃ€™Ńą@ttģąŌ‡īŌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆŠ ° Šą@WW$ģąAT€KNOXVILLEŌ#†¼»īī#ԈŠ Ö& ŠÓ  Óą @ ąą @` ąAssigned€on€Briefs€April€30,€2003Š üL ŠŌ‡XZ±X»¼ŌĢņ ņŌ#†¼»XXZ±0#ŌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEņņóó€v.€HENRY€MITCHELL€DIXONņņóóŌ‡XZ±X»¼Ōó óŠ śJ ŠĢą@@½½ģąņ ņDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Sullivan€CountyŠ ś J Šą@@ųųģąNo.€S44,157€&€S44,159€€€€€€Phyllis€H.€Miller,€JudgeŠ ę 6 ŠĢĢą@@ģģ*ģąßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` Aߊ Ŗś  ŠĢą@@TTģąNo.€E2002„00731„CCA„R3„CDŠ „õ  ŠOctober€Ō_Ō22,Ō_Ō€2003Š ‘į  ŠßA€V) °°` dE<|` Aߊ }Ķ  Šó óĢÓ  ÓŌ‡XŖąXXXZ±ŌA€Sullivan€County€Jury€convicted€the€appellant,€Henry€Mitchell€Dixon,€Jr.,€also€known€as€š šŌ_ŌMackieŌ_ŌššŠ xČ  ŠDixon,€of€one€count€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€(Count€One),€one€count€of€attempted€secondŠ d“ Šdegree€murder€(Count€Two),€one€count€of€attempted€aggravated€assault€(Count€Four),€two€countsŠ P  Šof€aggravated€assault€(Counts€Three€and€Five),€one€count€of€unauthorized€use€of€a€vehicle€(CountŠ <Œ ŠSix),€and€one€count€of€aggravated€burglary€(Count€Seven).€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellantŠ (x Što€an€effective€twenty„two€(22)€year€sentence€as€a€Range€I€offender€for€Counts€One€through€Six€andŠ d Šfour€(4)€years€probation€on€Count€Seven,€to€run€consecutively€to€the€twenty„two€(22)€year€sentence.€Š P ŠThe€appellant€filed€a€motion€for€a€new€trial,€which€was€denied.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€challengesŠ ģ< Šthe€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€at€trial,€his€sentence,€and€the€trial€courtššs€refusal€to€set€aside€theŠ Ų( Šappellantššs€conviction€for€attempted€first€degree€murder€based€on€the€jury€foremanššs€statement€afterŠ Ä Šthe€trial€that€there€was€a€mistake€as€to€how€the€verdict€was€returned.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€theŠ ° Šrecord,€we€conclude€that€none€of€these€claims€merit€relief.€€However,€we€must€reverse€and€remandŠ œģ Šthe€conviction€for€attempted€second€degree€murder€due€to€an€erroneous€jury€charge€on€the€definitionŠ ˆŲ Šof€š šknowingly.ššŌ#†XZ±XXXŖą÷#ŌŌ#†¼»XXZ±¬#ŌŌ‡XZ±X»¼Ō€€In€all€other€respects€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Š tÄ ŠÓėÓĢņ ņTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€Affirmed€in€Part,Š L œ ŠReversed€in€Part€and€Remanded.ó óŠ 8!ˆ  ŠĢņņÓ  ÓŌ#†¼»ąXZ±­ #ŌŌ‡XZ±X.¼ŌJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€ņņDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€ņņRobert€W.Š #`" ŠŌ_ŌWedemeyerŌ_Ō,€JJ.óó,€joined.Š ü#L# ŠĢRichard€A.€Tate,€Assistant€Public€Defender,€Ō_ŌBlountvilleŌ_Ō,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€HenryŠ Ō%$!% ŠMitchell€Dixon.Š Ą&"& ŠĢPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Jennifer€L.€Ō_ŌBledsoeŌ_Ō,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Š ˜(č#( ŠGreeley€Wells,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Teresa€Murray€Smith,€Assistant€District€AttorneyŠ „)Ō$) ŠGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Š p*Ą%* ŠĢĢŠ 4-„(-ż ŠŌ_Ō‡ĢÓß ÓĢą@@OO&ģąņ ņOPINIONó óŌ#†¼»XXZ± #ŌŌ‡XZ±X»¼ŌŠ ˆŲ ŠĢņņóóŌ#†¼»XXZ±{#ŌŌ‡XZ±X»¼ŌÓ  ÓņņŌ‡XŖąXXXZ±Ōą@ČČ!ģąFactual€BackgroundóóˆŠ `° ŠĢą  ąThe€appellant€met€Sarah€Gardner€and€Clayton€Johnson€in€1998€in€Bristol,€Tennessee.€€TheŠ 8 ˆ Šthree€became€quick€friends;€the€appellant€and€Ms.€Gardner€began€dating€and€the€appellant€and€Mr.Š $ t ŠJohnson€often€went€to€local€nightclubs€together.€€When€Ms.€Gardner€became€pregnant€with€theŠ  ` Šappellantššs€child€in€1999,€the€couple€moved€in€together.€€Ms.€Gardner€gave€birth€to€the€appellantššsŠ ü L  Šdaughter€in€November€of€that€year.€€The€couple€lived€together€from€1999€until€April€of€2000,€whenŠ č 8  ŠMs.€Gardner€and€child€moved€out.€€In€May€of€2000,€Ms.€Gardner€began€dating€Mr.€Johnson.€€TheŠ Ō$  Šappellant€saw€his€daughter€a€few€times€after€the€couple€separated.Š Ą  ŠĢą  ąOn€June€16,€2000,€the€appellant€called€Ms.€Gardner€from€Food€City,€his€place€of€daytimeŠ ˜č  Šemployment,€to€request€visitation€with€his€daughter€on€the€upcoming€Fatherššs€Day€holiday.€€He€wasŠ „Ō  Šunable€to€reach€her€by€phone€at€that€time.€€Later€that€day,€Ms.€Gardner€returned€the€appellantššs€phoneŠ pĄ Šcall.€€The€two€argued€on€the€phone€because€the€appellant€was€upset€about€the€lack€of€time€he€wasŠ \¬ Šspending€with€his€daughter€and€Ms.€Gardner€was€upset€because€the€appellant€was€threatening€to€š šgoŠ H˜ Šaway.šš€€At€that€point,€Ms.€Gardner€informed€the€appellant€that€she€intended€to€change€the€childššs€lastŠ 4„ Šname€from€his€to€hers.€€The€appellant€threatened€Ms.€Gardner,€saying€that€he€would€š šgetšš€her.€€Š  p ŠĢą  ąThe€appellant€was€so€upset€that€he€left€work€early€and€rode€around€in€his€car,€a€gold€DodgeŠ ųH ŠDynasty,€trying€to€cool€off.€€He€played€some€video€games€at€a€laundromat€and€drove€by€Mr.Š ä4 ŠJohnsonššs€home,€where€he€was€seen€by€Mr.€Johnsonššs€younger€brother.€€According€to€Ms.€GardnerššsŠ Š  Šbest€friend,€the€appellant€also€drove€by€her€house€where€he€flashed€a€gun€that€he€purchasedŠ ¼  Šapproximately€one€week€earlier€with€the€intention€of€killing€himself.€€Ms.€Gardnerššs€best€friendŠ Øų Šimmediately€told€Ms.€Gardner€what€she€witnessed.€€The€appellant€did€not€deny€that€he€drove€by€theseŠ ”ä Šhouses,€but€denied€flashing€the€weapon.€€€€€€Š €Š ŠĢą  ąWhen€Ms.€Gardner€got€off€work€at€around€5:00€p.m.,€she€picked€up€Mr.€Johnson€in€her€blueŠ X Ø ŠHonda€Prelude.€€Around€8:45€p.m.,€Ms.€Gardner€and€Mr.€Johnson€drove€back€to€Mr.€JohnsonššsŠ D!” Šhouse€to€pick€up€his€younger€brother,€age€thirteen,€to€take€him€to€Gilliganššs,€a€club€that€sponsoredŠ 0"€  Ša€š šteen€nightšš€on€Fridays.€€At€around€9:00€p.m.,€on€their€way€to€drop€off€the€younger€brother,€theyŠ #l! Šturned€onto€Volunteer€Parkway€in€Bristol,€Tennessee.€€They€saw€the€appellant€driving€behind€them.€Š $X" ŠThe€appellant€positioned€his€car€behind€the€Honda,€sped€up,€and€rammed€the€car€twice€at€a€red€light.€Š ō$D # ŠThe€impact€was€such€that€the€air€bag€in€the€appellantššs€car€deployed€on€impact.€€Š ą%0!$ ŠĢą  ąAt€that€time,€Mr.€Johnson€instructed€his€younger€brother€to€get€down€in€the€floorboard€of€theŠ ø'#& Šcar.€€Ms.€Gardner€began€screaming€and€crying.€€Mr.€Johnson€exited€the€car,€intending€to€fight€theŠ ¤(ō#' Šappellant.€€The€appellant€reached€under€the€passenger€seat€of€his€vehicle€and€grabbed€his€loaded€fortyŠ )ą$( Šcaliber€Smith€&€Wesson€handgun.€€The€appellant€also€reached€into€the€glove€box€to€get€out€a€boxŠ |*Ģ%) Šof€nine„millimeter€ammunition.€€The€appellant€got€out€of€the€car€with€the€gun€and€fired€a€shot,Š h+ø&* Šstriking€Mr.€Johnson€in€the€left€hip.€€The€appellant€stated€that€at€the€time€Mr.€Johnson€got€out€of€theŠ ° Šcar,€his€hands€were€not€visible.€€After€the€shot€was€fired,€Ms.€Gardner€and€Johnsonššs€brother€got€outŠ œģ Šof€the€car.€€Mr.€Johnson€testified€that€after€the€appellant€shot€him,€he€saw€the€appellant€point€the€gunŠ ˆŲ Šat€Ms.€Gardner.€€It€appeared€to€him€that€the€appellant€was€trying€to€shoot€the€gun,€but€it€did€not€fire.€Š tÄ ŠThe€younger€brother€ran€away€from€the€scene€down€Volunteer€Parkway€towards€a€hotel.€€AfterŠ `° Šrealizing€that€he€was€shot,€€Ms.€Gardner€grabbed€Mr.€Johnsonššs€arm€and€the€two€ran€up€Hill€StreetŠ L œ Štogether.€€The€appellant€followed€them€on€foot.€€At€some€point,€Ms.€Gardner€let€go€of€Mr.€JohnsonŠ 8 ˆ Šbecause€she€was€š šreally€scaredšš€and€she€could€run€faster€if€they€separated.€€She€ran€back€down€theŠ $ t Šhill€towards€the€vehicle€on€Volunteer€Parkway€when€the€appellant€yelled,€š šSee,€I€told€you€I€wouldŠ  ` Šget€you.šš€€Mr.€Johnson€proceeded€to€run€away€from€the€scene€onto€Windsor,€where€he€went€to€aŠ ü L  Šhouse€and€asked€the€resident€to€call€911.Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąBack€on€Volunteer€Parkway,€the€appellant€chased€Ms.€Gardner€around€her€car€with€the€gun.€Š Ą  ŠShe€ducked€behind€the€car,€watched€the€appellantššs€feet,€and€made€a€break€for€it€when€she€saw€theŠ ¬ü  Šappellant€€walking€around€the€car.€€She€ran€up€to€a€grey€car€that€was€stopped€at€a€red€light€and€gotŠ ˜č  Šinto€a€car€with€a€stranger.€€The€driver€of€the€car€drove€her€to€Bojangelššs€Restaurant€and€called€911.€Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ąAfter€Ms.€Gardner€got€into€the€grey€car,€the€appellant€got€into€Ms.€Gardnerššs€blue€Honda,€andŠ \¬ Šdrove€off,€eventually€parking€the€vehicle€at€Rooster€Front€Park€in€Bristol,€at€the€base€of€the€BlueŠ H˜ ŠRidge€Subdivision€where€Ms.€Gardner€lived€with€her€grandmother.€€Š 4„ ŠĢą  ąThe€Bristol€police€responded€to€the€scene€after€receiving€a€call€that€shots€were€fired€in€theŠ  \ Švicinity€of€Applebees€restaurant€on€Volunteer€Parkway.€€Lieutenant€Jerry€Smeltzer€arrived€at€theŠ ųH Šscene€and€discovered€the€appellantššs€Dodge€Dynasty€resting€at€the€concrete€base€of€a€light€fixture.€Š ä4 ŠInside€the€vehicle,€the€police€found€a€box€of€nine„millimeter€ammunition€and€two€knives.€€An€unfiredŠ Š  Šnine„millimeter€bullet€was€found€lying€in€the€roadway€near€the€vehicle.€€After€talking€to€some€of€theŠ ¼  Šwitnesses€and€victims,€the€police€realized€that€the€appellant€probably€left€the€scene€in€Ms.€GardnerššsŠ Øų Šblue€Honda€Prelude.€€€€Š ”ä ŠĢą  ąMs.€Gardner€was€transported€to€the€hospital€where€she€was€treated€and€released.€€She€thenŠ l¼ Šwent€to€her€residence€at€205€Redwood€Drive€to€meet€her€grandmother,€the€owner€of€the€home.€€Š X Ø ŠĢą  ąAfter€abandoning€the€Honda,€the€appellant€walked€to€the€area€near€205€Redwood€Drive,Š 0"€  Šwhere€he€observed€the€police€and€Ms.€Gardnerššs€family€at€the€residence.€€Ms.€Gardner€and€her€familyŠ #l! Šleft€to€spend€the€night€at€a€motel€as€instructed€by€the€police€because€the€appellant€was€still€at€large.€Š $X" ŠAfter€the€police€left,€the€appellant€climbed€onto€the€roof€of€the€residence€where€he€observed€Ms.Š ō$D # ŠGardner€and€her€family€inside€the€house.€€Š ą%0!$ ŠĢą  ąWhen€the€family€left,€the€appellant€climbed€down€from€the€roof,€used€the€house€keys€fromŠ ø'#& Šthe€Honda€keychain,€and€entered€the€home.€€He€slept€for€about€an€hour,€changed€clothes,€and€lookedŠ ¤(ō#' Šaround€for€the€keys€to€a€Subaru€which€belonged€to€Ms.€Gardnerššs€mother.€€Because€he€could€not€findŠ )ą$( Šthe€keys€to€the€Subaru,€€he€went€back€to€Rooster€Front€Park€where€he€discovered€that€the€Honda€wasŠ |*Ģ%) Šgone.€€The€appellant€walked€through€the€woods€to€the€area€behind€K„Mart,€where€he€wrapped€theŠ h+ø&* Šgun,€a€jewelry€box€containing€a€pendant€with€the€initial€š šSšš€on€it,€and€a€black€cigarette€case׃ׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀insideŠ ° Ša€sweatshirt€and€stowed€them€beside€a€metal€barrel.Š œģ ŠĢą  ąThe€police€were€still€on€the€lookout€for€the€appellant€the€following€morning.€€Michael€Vance,Š tÄ Ša€Bristol€Police€officer,€located€the€appellant€in€front€of€K„Mart€in€Bristol.€€Officer€Vance€exited€hisŠ `° Švehicle€and€asked€the€appellant€to€stop€and€produce€some€identification.€€The€appellant€took€off,Š L œ Šrunning€towards€the€rear€of€the€building.€€Officer€Vance€radioed€for€backup€while€continuing€toŠ 8 ˆ Šsearch€for€the€appellant.€€The€search€continued€in€the€wooded€area€behind€K„Mart€for€approximatelyŠ $ t Šforty„five€minutes,€when€the€appellant€was€finally€spotted€and€a€foot€chase€ensued.€€At€one€point,€anŠ  ` Šofficer€was€close€enough€to€the€appellant€to€grab€his€shoe,€which€came€off,€but€the€appellant€keptŠ ü L  Šrunning.€€Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąThe€appellant€was€spotted€running€into€a€convenience€store.€€He€was€cornered€by€an€officerŠ Ą  Šinside€the€store,€who€attempted€to€subdue€the€appellant€with€pepper€spray.€€The€appellant€then€pickedŠ ¬ü  Šup€a€gallon€of€antifreeze€and€proceeded€to€drink€from€it.€€The€appellant€made€a€run€out€the€door€butŠ ˜č  Šwas€tackled€by€an€officer€in€the€parking€lot€of€the€convenience€store.€€The€appellant€was€read€hisŠ „Ō  ŠMiranda€rights,€arrested€and€taken€to€the€hospital€for€treatment€for€ingestion€of€antifreeze.€Š pĄ ŠĢą  ąOfficer€Smeltzer€located€the€sweatshirt,€gun,€necklace,€and€cigarette€case€behind€K„Mart.€Š H˜ ŠHe€then€went€to€the€hospital€to€serve€an€arrest€warrant€on€the€appellant.€€While€at€the€hospital,Š 4„ ŠOfficer€Smeltzer€got€a€signed€statement€from€the€appellant€regarding€the€incident.€€Although€theŠ  p Šappellant€was€undergoing€treatment€for€antifreeze€ingestion,€Officer€Smeltzer€testified€that€theŠ  \ Šappellant€was€coherent€and€oriented.€€The€statement€taken€by€Officer€Smeltzer€and€signed€by€theŠ ųH Šappellant€states€as€follows:Š ä4 ŠĢą8  ąOn€Friday,€Six,€Sixteen,€Two€Thousand,€my€girlfriend,€Sarah€Gardner,€called€me€atŠ ¼  Šwork€and€told€me€she€wanted€to€file€papers€changing€our€daughterššs€name€to€her€lastŠ Øų Šname.€€This€greatly€upset€me€and€I€told€my€manager€I€had€to€leave.€€I€went€drivingŠ ”ä Šaround€looking€for€Sarah.€€I€could€not€find€her€so€I€went€over€by€her€cousinššs€houseŠ €Š Šand€by€Clayton€Johnsonššs€home.€€I€did€see€Claytonššs€brother€and€his€mother€out€inŠ l¼ Štheir€yard€and€Sarahššs€cousin€at€her€house€on€Virginia€Avenue.€€I€then€went€to€theŠ X Ø Šlaundry€mat€on€Pennsylvania€Avenue€and€played€some€video€games.€€I€left€thereŠ D!” Šabout€nine€p.m.€and€started€back€out€town.€€I€saw€Clayton€and€Sarah€and€another€guyŠ 0"€  Šin€her€car€turn€up€towards€La€Carreta€[a€restaurant].€€I€turned€around€and€got€behindŠ #l! Šher.€€She€turned€on€the€Parkway€but€would€not€pull€over.€€I€got€upset€over€this€and€hitŠ $X" Šthe€gas€running€into€the€rear€of€her€vehicle€twice.€€She€did€pull€over€at€this€point.€€TheŠ ō$D # Šairbag€in€my€vehicle€had€deployed.€€I€got€out€of€my€vehicle€with€my€gun€andŠ ą%0!$ Šapproached€them.€€I€remember€Clayton€getting€out€of€the€passenger€side€of€theŠ Ģ&"% Švehicle€and€yelling€at€me.€€I€shot€at€Clayton€and€turned€my€gun€on€Sarah.€€I€was€goingŠ ø'#& Što€shoot€her€also€but€my€gun€jammed.€€She€was€running€around€screaming€and€finallyŠ ¤(ō#' Šgot€into€some€car€and€left€south€on€the€parkway.€€The€third€guy€ran€across€in€betweenŠ ° Šus€towards€the€Days€Inn.€€I€ran€back€and€got€into€Sarahššs€car.€€I€had€to€take€it€to€getŠ œģ Šaway€because€mine€would€no€longer€run.€€I€went€down€the€Parkway€and€over€toŠ ˆŲ ŠRooster€Front€Park€and€left€the€car.€€I€took€the€key€and€walked€back€over€to€RedwoodŠ tÄ Šroad€to€Sarahššs€grandmotherššs€house.€€I€sat€in€the€bushes€and€watched€the€police€overŠ `° Šat€the€house€for€some€time.€€After€the€police€left,€I€went€over€to€the€house€andŠ L œ Šclimbed€up€on€the€roof.€€I€watched€everybody€inside€through€the€skylight.€€After€theyŠ 8 ˆ Šleft,€I€climbed€down€and€used€the€house€keys€and€went€inside.€€I€sat€in€the€livingŠ $ t Šroom€rocker€and€slept€for€about€an€hour.€€I€changed€my€clothes€and€started€lookingŠ  ` Šaround€the€house€for€the€keys€to€the€Subaru.€€I€was€planning€on€taking€the€Subaru€butŠ ü L  Šcould€not€find€the€keys.€€I€went€back€down€to€Rooster€Front€and€discovered€the€policeŠ č 8  Šhad€taken€Sarahššs€car.€€I€walked€through€the€park€trail€and€came€on€Steele€Creek€ParkŠ Ō$  Šside.€€I€walked€up€the€hill€behind€K„Mart€where€I€hid€the€gun€beside€a€metal€barrel.€Š Ą  ŠI€walked€over€behind€K„Mart€where€a€bald€headed€policeman€stopped€me€for€someŠ ¬ü  ŠID.€€I€took€off€running€from€him€and€hid€in€the€weeds€until€they€left.€€I€then€walkedŠ ˜č  Šover€towards€the€Appco€[convenience€store].€€I€went€inside€and€another€police€officerŠ „Ō  Šcome€[sic]€running€in€after€me.€€I€grabbed€a€bottle€of€antifreeze€and€tried€to€drink€it.€Š pĄ ŠThe€officer€sprayed€me€with€pepper€spray€and€I€took€off€running€outside.€€The€officerŠ \¬ Šran€after€me€and€tackled€me.€€He€then€handcuffed€me€and€took€me€to€the€hospital.€Š H˜ ŠI€had€bought€my€gun€at€Uncle€Samššs€Pawn€Shop€about€a€week€ago€with€the€purposeŠ 4„ Šof€killing€myself.€€I€meant€to€shoot€Clayton€and€Sarah€but€not€aiming€to€kill€them€justŠ  p Što€get€my€point€across.€€The€keys€to€all€the€vehicles€and€he€house€were€on€her€keyŠ  \ Šring€when€I€took€her€car.€€ŠųHŠ Š  ŠĢą  ąThe€Honda€was€located€by€the€police€at€Rooster€Front€Park€the€day€following€the€incident.€Š Š  ŠThe€car€had€collision€damage€to€the€rear€of€the€vehicle.€€Officer€Smeltzer€testified€that€he€found€aŠ ¼  Šnine„millimeter€shell€casing€in€the€front€floorboard€along€with€a€pocketbook€containing€Ms.Š Øų ŠGardnerššs€driverššs€license.Š ”ä ŠĢą  ąWhen€Ms.€Gardner€and€her€family€returned€home€the€next€morning,€they€realized€thatŠ l¼ Šsomeone€had€broken€into€the€residence€at€205€Redwood€and€removed€several€items€without€theirŠ X Ø Špermission.€€Š D!” ŠĢą  ąSeveral€witnesses€came€forward€after€the€incident€and€reported€seeing€a€man€with€a€gunŠ #l! Šchasing€a€woman€around€a€car€in€the€area€where€the€incident€occurred.€€At€least€one€of€the€witnessesŠ $X" Šwas€able€to€identify€the€appellant€as€the€man€with€the€gun.€€Š ō$D # ŠĢą  ąOn€July€25,€2000,€the€Sullivan€County€Grand€Jury€returned€an€indictment€against€theŠ Ģ&"% Šappellant€charging€him€with€the€attempted€first€degree€murder€of€Mr.€Johnson€and€Ms.€Gardner;€theŠ ø'#& Šaggravated€assault€of€Mr.€Johnson,€Ms.€Gardner,€and€the€younger€brother;€theft€of€over€$1,000€forŠ ¤(ō#' Šthe€Honda;€and€the€aggravated€burglary€of€205€Redwood.€€Š )ą$( Šā āŠ |*Ģ%) Šą  ąA€jury€trial€was€held€on€July€23,€24,€and€25,€2001€in€the€Criminal€Court€for€Sullivan€County,Š ° Šā āTennessee€where€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€in€count€one€of€attempted€first€degree€murder,Š œģ Šguilty€in€count€two€of€attempted€second€degree€murder,€guilty€in€count€three€and€five€of€theŠ ˆŲ Šaggravated€assault€of€Ms.€Gardner€and€the€younger€brother,€guilty€in€count€four€of€the€attemptedŠ tÄ Šaggravated€assault€of€Mr.€Johnson,€guilty€in€count€six€of€theft€over€$1,000,€and€guilty€in€count€sevenŠ `° Šof€aggravated€burglary.€€Š L œ ŠĢą  ąA€sentencing€hearing€was€held€on€September€11,€2001,€where€the€trial€court€sentenced€theŠ $ t Šappellant€to€an€effective€sentence€of€twenty„two€years€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€in€counts€oneŠ  ` Šthrough€six.€€In€count€seven,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€to€four€years€of€supervisedŠ ü L  Šprobation€to€run€consecutively€to€counts€one€through€six.€€The€appellant€filed€a€motion€for€new€trial,Š č 8  Šwhich€was€denied,€and€this€appeal€as€of€right€ensued.€€Š Ō$  ŠĢą  ąOn€appeal,€the€appellant€argues:€(1)€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€theŠ ¬ü  Šconvictions€for€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€attempted€second€degree€murder;€(2)€that€the€trialŠ ˜č  Šcourt€imposed€an€improper€sentence;€and€(3)€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€setting€aside€theŠ „Ō  Šconviction€for€attempted€first€degree€murder€when€the€jury€foreperson€came€forward€after€the€trialŠ pĄ Što€report€a€mistake€in€how€the€verdict€was€reported.€€The€state€argues€that€the€evidence€was€sufficientŠ \¬ Što€support€the€convictions,€the€trial€court€properly€sentenced€the€appellant,€and€the€trial€courtŠ H˜ Šcorrectly€refused€to€set€aside€the€conviction€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€We€reverse€theŠ 4„ Šjudgment€of€the€trial€court€on€a€ground€not€raised€by€either€party.€€€€Š  p ŠĢņņÓ  ÓSufficiency€of€the€EvidenceóóŠ ųH ŠĢÓżWÓą  ąWhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€is€obliged€to€reviewŠ Š  Šthat€claim€according€to€certain€well-settled€principles.€€A€verdict€of€guilty,€rendered€by€a€jury€andŠ ¼  Šš šapproved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€thešš€stateššs€witnesses€and€resolves€allŠ Øų Šconflicts€in€the€testimony€in€favor€of€the€state.€€€ņņState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€Š ”ä ŠņņState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€€Thus,€although€the€accused€is€originally€cloakedŠ €Š Šwith€a€presumption€of€innocence,€the€jury€verdict€of€guilty€removes€this€presumption€š šand€replacesŠ l¼ Šit€with€one€of€guilt.šš€€ņņState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€Hence,€on€appeal,€theŠ X Ø Šburden€of€proof€rests€with€the€defendant€to€demonstrate€the€insufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€Š D!” ŠņņId.óó€€The€relevant€question€the€reviewing€court€must€answer€is€whether€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldŠ 0"€  Šhave€found€the€accused€guilty€of€every€element€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.Š #l! ŠR.€App.€P.€13(e);€ņņHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€at€75.€€In€making€this€decision,€we€are€to€accord€the€state€š štheŠ $X" Šstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€mayŠ ō$D # Šbe€drawn€therefrom.šš€€ņņSeeóó€ņņTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€As€such,€this€Court€is€precluded€from€re„Š ą%0!$ Šweighing€or€reconsidering€the€evidence€when€evaluating€the€convicting€proof.€€ņņState€v.€Morganóó,€929Š Ģ&"% ŠS.W.2d€380,€383€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€ņņState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.Š ø'#& ŠApp.€1990).€€Moreover,€we€may€not€substitute€our€own€š šinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€ofŠ ¤(ō#' Šfact€from€circumstantial€evidence.šš€€ņņMatthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€at€779.Š )ą$( Šā āŠ |*Ģ%) Šą  ąIn€the€case€herein,€the€appellant€was€charged€with€two€counts€of€attempted€first€degreeŠ ° Šā āmurder€and€the€jury€returned€a€verdict€finding€the€appellant€guilty€of€one€court€of€attempted€firstŠ œģ Šdegree€murder€and€one€count€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€These€are€the€only€two€chargesŠ ˆŲ Šchallenged€by€the€appellant€on€appeal.€€Specifically,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€evidence€isŠ tÄ Šinsufficient€to€substantiate€two€charges€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€because€there€was€only€oneŠ `° Šshot€fired€on€June€16,€2000.€€Further,€the€appellant€argues€that€š ša€jury€could€not€find€him€guilty€ofŠ L œ Šattempted€first€degree€murder€[of€Mr.€€Johnson]€in€count€one€and€attempted€second€degree€murderŠ 8 ˆ Š[of€Ms.€Gardner]€in€count€two.šš€€The€state€argues€that€a€jury€could€reasonably€conclude€that€theŠ $ t Šappellant€committed€the€offenses€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€attempted€second€degreeŠ  ` Šmurder.€€Š ü L  ŠĢÓ  ÓņņA.€€Attempted€First€Degree€Murderą @h ąóóŠ Ō$  ŠÓņdÓĢą  ąTo€convict€the€defendant€of€the€attempted€first„degree€murder€of€Mr.€Johnson€and/or€Ms.Š ¬ü  ŠGardner,€the€jury€must€have€found€that€the€defendant€unlawfully,€intentionally,€and€withŠ ˜č  Špremeditation€attempted€to€kill€Mr.€Johnson€and/or€Ms.€Gardner.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šššš€39„12„Š „Ō  Š101€&€„13„202.€€The€Tennessee€attempt€statute€provides:€Š pĄ ŠĢą8  ą(a)€A€person€commits€criminal€attempt€who,€acting€with€the€kind€of€culpabilityŠ H˜ Šotherwise€required€for€the€offense:€Š 4„ Š(1)€Intentionally€engages€in€action€or€causes€a€result€that€would€constitute€an€offenseŠ  p Šif€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€were€as€the€person€believes€them€to€be;€Š  \ Š(2)€Acts€with€intent€to€cause€a€result€that€is€an€element€of€the€offense,€and€believesŠ ųH Šthe€conduct€will€cause€the€result€without€further€conduct€on€the€personššs€part;€or€Š ä4 Š(3)€Acts€with€intent€to€complete€a€course€of€action€or€cause€a€result€that€wouldŠ Š  Šconstitute€the€offense,€under€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€Ō% ‡C ŌŌ%†C jŌŌ#†XZ±XXXŖą#ŌŌ‡ XŖąXXXZ±Ōas€the€personŠ ¼  Šbelieves€them€to€be,€and€the€conduct€constitutes€a€substantial€step€toward€theŠ Øų Šcommission€of€the€offense.€Š ”ä Š(b)€Conduct€does€not€constitute€a€substantial€step€under€subdivision€(a)(3)€unless€theŠ €Š Špersonššs€entire€course€of€action€is€corroborative€of€the€intent€to€commit€the€offense.€Š l¼ Š(c)€It€is€no€defense€to€prosecution€for€criminal€attempt€that€the€offense€attempted€wasŠ X Ø Šactually€committed.€Š D!” ŠŠ Š Š  ŠTenn.€Code€Ann.€Ō#†XZ±XX XŖąNj#ŌŌ‡ XŖąXXXZ±Ōšš€Ō#†XZ±XX XŖąŽl#ŌŌ‡XŖąXXXZ±Ō39„12„101.€Š #l! ŠĢą  ąTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„202(a)(1)€defines€first€degree€murder€in€pertinentŠ ō$D # Špart€as€š ša€premeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€another.šš€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„Š ą%0!$ Š13„202(d)€provides:€Š Ģ&"% ŠĢą8  ąAs€used€in€subdivision€(a)(1)€š špremeditationšš€is€an€act€done€after€the€exercise€ofŠ ¤(ō#' Šreflection€and€judgment.€€š šPremeditationšš€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€haveŠ )ą$( Šbeen€formed€prior€to€the€act€itself.€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€purpose€to€kill€pre„existŠ |*Ģ%) Šin€the€mind€of€the€accused€for€any€definite€period€of€time.€The€mental€state€of€theŠ h+ø&* Šaccused€at€the€time€the€accused€allegedly€decided€to€kill€must€be€carefully€consideredŠ ° Šin€order€to€determine€whether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitement€andŠ œģ Špassion€as€to€be€capable€of€premeditation.€ŠˆŲŠ Š  ŠŠ ŠTenn.€Code€Ann.€Ō#†XZ±XXXŖą%m#ŌŌ‡ XŖąXXXZ±Ōšš€Ō#†XZ±XX XŖą”q#ŌŌ‡XŖąXXXZ±Ō39„13„202(d).€Therefore€the€State€was€required€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonableŠ `° Šdoubt€that€the€defendant€attacked€the€victim€with€š špremeditation.ššŠ L œ ŠĢą  ąA€premeditated€act€is€one€done€after€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņid.ó󀚚€39„3„Š $ t Š202(d).€€š š[W]hether€premeditation€is€present€is€a€question€of€fact€for€the€jury,€and€it€may€be€inferredŠ  ` Šfrom€the€circumstances€surrounding€thešš€commission€of€the€crime.€€ņņState€v.€Debowóó,€No.€M1999„Š ü L  Š02678„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1137465,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Aug.€2,€2000);€ņņseeóó€ņņalsoóó€ņņState€v.Š č 8  ŠBlandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€660€(Tenn.€1997);€ņņState€v.€Andersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,€605€(Tenn.€Crim.Š Ō$  ŠApp.€1992).€€Some€relevant€factors€that€tend€to€support€the€existence€of€premeditation€include:€š štheŠ Ą  Šuse€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim;€the€particular€cruelty€of€the€killing;€declarationsŠ ¬ü  Šby€the€defendant€of€an€intent€to€kill;€evidence€of€procurement€of€a€weapon;€preparations€before€theŠ ˜č  Škilling€for€concealment€of€the€crime,€calmness€immediately€after€the€killing,šš€and€evidence€that€theŠ „Ō  Švictim€was€retreating€or€attempting€to€escape€when€killed.€€ņņBlandóó,€958€S.W.2d€at€660;€ņņseeóó€ņņalsoóó€ņņStateŠ pĄ Šv.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144,€148€(Tenn.1992).€€š šŌ#†XZ±XXXŖąčq#ŌŌ‡ XŖąXXXZ±Ō[T]he€fact€that€repeated€blows€(or€shots)€were€inflictedŠ \¬ Šon€the€victim€is€not€sufficient,€by€itself,€to€establish€first„degree€murder.šš€€Ō#†XZ±XX XŖą x#ŌŌ‡ XŖąXXXZ±ŌņņState€v.€Brownóó,ņņŌ#†XZ±XX XŖąģx#ŌŌ‡XŖąXXXZ±Ōóó€836Š H˜ ŠS.W.2d€530,€542€(Tenn.1992).Š 4„ ŠĢą  ąThus,€to€support€a€charge€of€attempted€first€degree€murder,€the€state€must€prove€that€theŠ  \ Šappellant€intended€to€murder€Mr.€Johnson€and/or€Ms.€Gardner€with€premeditation,€and€that€theŠ ųH Šappellant€acted€to€accomplish€the€murder.€€The€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€the€attempted€firstŠ ä4 Šdegree€murder€of€Mr.€Johnson.€€Here,€the€evidence€shows€that€on€the€evening€of€June€16,€2000,€theŠ Š  Šappellant€drove€by€the€home€of€Ms.€Gardnerššs€cousin€and€held€up€a€gun.€€The€appellant€testified€thatŠ ¼  Šhe€was€angry€at€Ms.€Gardner€after€she€informed€him€that€she€intended€to€change€their€childššs€lastŠ Øų Šname€and€that€he€had€to€leave€work€just€to€cool€down.€€Later€that€night,€while€the€appellant€wasŠ ”ä Šdriving€around,€he€spotted€Ms.€Gardner€and€Mr.€Johnson€in€a€vehicle€and€rammed€into€that€vehicle.€Š €Š ŠWhen€Mr.€Johnson€exited€Ms.€Gardnerššs€car,€the€appellant€grabbed€his€gun,€got€out€of€his€car,€andŠ l¼ Šshot€at€Mr.€Johnson,€striking€him€in€the€left€hip.€€The€appellantššs€own€signed€statement€reads,€š šI€gotŠ X Ø Šout€of€my€vehicle€with€my€gun€and€approached€them.€€I€remember€Mr.€Johnson€getting€out€of€theŠ D!” Špassenger€side€of€the€vehicle€and€yelling€at€me.€€I€shot€at€Clayton.€.€.€.€€I€meant€to€shoot€Clayton€.€.Š 0"€  Š.€but€not€aiming€to€kill€.€.€.€just€to€get€my€point€across.šš€€The€jury€apparently€did€not€believe€that€theŠ #l! Šappellant€shot€the€deadly€weapon€at€Mr.€Johnson€merely€to€š šget€[his]€point€across.šš€€The€evidenceŠ $X" Šsupports€the€juryššs€finding€that€the€appellant€committed€attempted€first€degree€murder.Š ō$D # ŠĢņņÓ  ÓB.€€Attempted€Second€Degree€MurderóóŠ Ģ&"% ŠĢÓɀÓą  ąIn€order€to€convict€a€defendant€of€attempted€second„degree€murder,€the€state€is€required€toŠ ¤(ō#' Šprove€that€the€defendant€acted€with€the€intent€to€cause€the€knowing€killing€of€another,€believing€hisŠ )ą$( Šā āconduct€would€cause€the€result€without€further€conduct€on€his€part.€€Tenn.€Code€€Ann.€šššš€39„12„Š |*Ģ%) ŠŃ™ Ńā āŃ l XŃā āŃ  Ń101(a)(2)€and€39„13„210(a).€€Whether€the€appellant€š šknowinglyšš€attempted€to€kill€his€victim€is€aŠ ° Šquestion€of€fact€for€the€jury.€€Š œģ Šā āĢą8  ąKnowing€refers€to€a€person€who€acts€knowingly€with€respect€to€the€conduct€or€toŠ tÄ Šcircumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€of€the€nature€of€theŠ `° Šconduct€or€that€the€circumstances€exist.€€A€person€acts€knowingly€with€respect€to€aŠ L œ Šresult€of€the€personššs€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€that€the€conduct€is€reasonablyŠ 8 ˆ Šcertain€to€cause€the€result.€Š$ tŠ Š  Š€ĢTenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„11„302(b).€€Š ü L  ŠĢą  ąIntent,€which€can€seldom€be€proven€by€direct€evidence,€may€be€deduced€or€inferred€by€theŠ Ō$  Štrier€of€fact€from€the€character€of€the€assault,€the€nature€of€the€act€and€from€all€the€circumstances€ofŠ Ą  Šthe€case€in€evidence.€€ņņState€v.€Inlowóó,€52€S.W.3d€101,€104„05€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000);€ņņState€v.Š ¬ü  ŠHollandóó,€860€S.W.2d€53,€59€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€Š ˜č  ŠĢą  ąThe€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€of€Ms.€Gardner.€Š pĄ ŠAgain,€the€evidence€shows€that€the€appellant€drove€by€the€home€of€Ms.€Gardnerššs€cousin€and€heldŠ \¬ Šup€a€gun.€€The€appellant€himself€€testified€that€he€was€angry€at€Ms.€after€she€informed€him€that€sheŠ H˜ Šintended€to€change€their€childššs€last€name€and€that€he€had€to€leave€work€just€to€cool€down.€€Ms.Š 4„ ŠGardner€testified€that€during€their€phone€conversation,€the€appellant€threatened€her€by€saying€he€wasŠ  p Šgoing€to€š šgetšš€her.€€Later€that€night,€the€appellant€rammed€into€Ms.€Gardnerššs€vehicle€twice.€€AfterŠ  \ Šthe€appellant€shot€Mr.€Johnson,€Ms.€Gardner€exited€the€vehicle€and€began€to€run€up€the€hill€with€Mr.Š ųH ŠJohnson.€€The€two€separated€at€some€point€and€Mr.€Johnson€testified€that€he€saw€the€appellant€withŠ ä4 Šthe€gun€š šin€her€[Ms.€Gardnerššs]€backšš€and€that€it€appeared€the€appellant€was€trying€to€fire€the€gun.€Š Š  ŠMs.€Gardner€was€screaming€and€crying€and€testified€that€she€heard€the€appellant€say,€š šI€told€you€IŠ ¼  Šwould€get€you.šš€€Ms.€Gardner€remembered€seeing€the€appellant€hold€the€gun€sideways€and,€š šhearingŠ Øų Šhim,€like€he€was€messing€with€a€gun€or€something.€€It€was€like€it€was€clicking,€like€a€clicking€noise.Š ”ä Š.€.€.šš€€The€appellant€also€admitted€in€his€statement€that€he€intended€to€shoot€Ms.€Gardner,€but€the€gunŠ €Š Šjammed.€€Additionally,€several€eye€witnesses€reported€seeing€a€man€pointing€a€gun€at€a€woman€atŠ l¼ Šthe€location€where€the€incident€occurred.€€The€evidence€supports€the€juryššs€finding€of€guilt€on€theŠ X Ø Šcharge€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€ņņŠ D!” ŠĢÓ  ÓSentencingóóŠ #l! ŠĢÓóŽÓą  ąOn€appeal,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€certain€enhancementŠ ō$D # Šā āfactors.€€Specifically,€he€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancement€factors€(9)€and€(16)Š ą%0!$ Što€his€convictions€for€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€attempted€second€degree€murder.׃ׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś2Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀€The€StateŠ ° Šā ācounters€that€the€trial€court€correctly€applied€enhancement€factor€(9)€and€concedes€that€the€trial€courtŠ œģ Šincorrectly€applied€enhancement€factor€(16),€but€argues€that€the€record€supports€the€sentenceŠ ˆŲ Šimposed€by€the€trial€court.€€After€reviewing€the€record,€we€agree€that€the€trial€court€incorrectlyŠ tÄ Šapplied€enhancement€factor€(16),€but€conclude€that€the€record€supports€the€sentence€imposed€by€theŠ `° Štrial€court€despite€the€erroneous€application€of€the€enhancement€factor.€€Š L œ ŠĢą  ąš šWhen€reviewing€sentencing€issues€.€.€.€,€the€appellate€court€shall€conduct€a€de€novo€reviewŠ $ t Šon€the€record€of€such€issues.€€Such€review€shall€be€conducted€with€a€presumption€that€theŠ  ` Šdeterminations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct.šš€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ššŠ ü L  Š40-35-401(d).€€š šHowever,€the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trial€courtššs€actionŠ č 8  Šis€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€theŠ Ō$  Šsentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.šš€€ņņState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Š Ą  Š169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€conducting€our€review,€we€must€consider€the€defendantššs€potential€forŠ ¬ü  Šrehabilitation,€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing€evidence,€the€pre„sentence€report,€the€sentencingŠ ˜č  Šprinciples,€sentencing€alternative€arguments,€the€nature€and€character€of€the€offense,€the€enhancingŠ „Ō  Šand€mitigating€factors,€and€the€defendantššs€statements.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šššš€40-35-103(5),€-210(b);€Š pĄ ŠņņAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.ņņóó€We€are€to€also€recognize€that€the€defendant€bears€š šthe€burden€ofŠ \¬ Šdemonstrating€that€the€sentence€is€improper.šš€ņņAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.Š H˜ ŠĢą  ąIn€making€its€sentencing€determination,€the€trial€court,€at€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencingŠ  p Šhearing,€determines€the€range€of€sentence€and€then€determines€the€specific€sentence€and€the€proprietyŠ  \ Šof€sentencing€alternatives€by€considering:€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€theŠ ųH Šsentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€toŠ ä4 Šsentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(5)Š Š  Ševidence€and€information€offered€by€the€parties€on€the€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors;€(6)€anyŠ ¼  Šstatements€the€defendant€wishes€to€make€in€the€defendantššs€behalf€about€sentencing;€and€(7)€theŠ Øų Špotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šššš€40„35„210(a),€(b),€„103(5);€ņņState€v.Š ”ä ŠWilliamsóó,€920€S.W.2d€247,€258€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Š €Š ŠĢą  ąIn€balancing€these€concerns,€a€trial€court€should€start€at€the€presumptive€sentence,€enhanceŠ X Ø Šthe€sentence€within€the€range€for€existing€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€withinŠ D!” Šthe€range€for€existing€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€€Ann.€šš€40-35-210(e).€€No€particular€weightŠ 0"€  Šfor€each€factor€is€prescribed€by€the€statute.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Santiagoóó,€914€S.W.2d€116,€125€(Tenn.€Crim.Š #l! Šā āApp.€1995).€€The€weight€given€to€each€factor€is€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€as€long€as€itŠ $X" Šcomports€with€the€sentencing€principles€and€purposes€of€our€code€and€as€long€as€its€findings€areŠ ° Šsupported€by€the€record.€€ņņId.óóŠ œģ Šā āĢą  ąIn€imposing€the€appellantššs€sentence€on€the€charges€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€andŠ tÄ Šattempted€second€degree€murder,€the€trial€court€found€the€existence€of€several€statutory€enhancementŠ `° Šfactors,€including:€(1)€that€the€appellant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm,€explosive€device€or€other€Š L œ Šdeadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€the€offense,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(9)€(2000);€(2)Š 8 ˆ Šthat€the€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€under€which€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€aŠ $ t Švictim€was€great,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(16)€(2000).׃Tׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś3Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀€Š  ` ŠĢą  ąTurning€specifically€to€the€facts€of€this€case,€the€appellant€€was€first€convicted€of€atņ ņó ótemptedŠ č 8  Šfirst€degree€murder€and€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€Since€attempted€first€degree€murder€is€aŠ Ō$  ŠClass€A€felony,€the€starting€point€for€sentencing€determinations€is€the€middle€of€the€range.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.Š Ą  ŠCode€Ann.€šš€40-35-210(c).€€Undisputably,€this€appellant€was€a€Range€I€offender;€thus,€twenty€yearsŠ ¬ü  Šwas€the€mid„point€against€which€the€trial€court€was€to€balance€any€mitigating€and€enhancementŠ ˜č  Šfactors.€€Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ąAttempted€second€degree€murder€is€a€Class€B€Felony€and€the€starting€point€for€sentencingŠ \¬ Šdeterminations€is€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€appellantššs€sentencing€range.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeŠ H˜ ŠAnn.€šš€40„35„210(c).€€This€appellant€was€a€Range€I€offender;€thus,€the€appellantššs€sentencing€rangeŠ 4„ Šis€eight€to€twelve€years.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€was€required€to€start€with€the€appellantššsŠ  p Špresumptive€sentence,€eight€years,€increase€his€sentence€by€applying€any€relevant€enhancementŠ  \ Šfactors,€and€then€reduce€his€sentence€by€applying€any€mitigating€factors.€€Š ųH ŠĢņņÓ  ÓA.€€Enhancement€Factor€(9)óóŠ Š  ŠÓ…ØÓĢą  ąThe€appellant€first€challenges€the€trial€courtššs€application€of€enhancement€factor€(9)€to€hisŠ Øų Šsentence€on€the€charges€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€HeŠ ”ä Šargues€that€counts€one€and€two€of€the€indictment€(indicting€the€appellant€with€two€separate€countsŠ €Š Šof€attempted€first€degree€murder)€state€that€the€appellant€used€a€handgun€in€the€commission€of€theŠ l¼ Šoffense€and€š što€enhance€count€one€and€two€would€in€fact€be€enhancing€an€offense€because€of€anŠ X Ø Šelement€that€is€inherent€in€the€charge.ššŠ D!” ŠĢą  ąThe€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€to€the€presumptive€sentence€of€twenty€years€for€theŠ #l! Šattempted€first€degree€murder€and€enhanced€that€sentence€to€twenty„four€years,€finding€asŠ $X" Šenhancement€factors€that€the€appellant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminalŠ ō$D # Šbehavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range,€that€the€appellant€had€noŠ ą%0!$ Šhesitation€about€committing€the€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€that€the€crime€wasŠ Ģ&"% Šcommitted€under€circumstances€under€which€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€of€a€victim€was€great,Š ø'#& Šand€that€the€appellant€used€a€handgun€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„Š ¤(ō#' Š35„114(1),€(9),€(10),€&€(16).€€The€trial€court€found€no€statutory€mitigating€factors€with€respect€to€theŠ )ą$( Šcharge,€but€gave€some€weight€to€several€non„statutory€mitigating€factors€including€€the€appellantššsŠ ° Šexcellent€work€history€and€voluntary€confession€of€guilt.€€The€trial€court€reduced€the€appellantššsŠ œģ Šenhanced€sentence€on€attempted€first€degree€murder€from€twenty„four€years€to€twenty„two€years.€Š ˆŲ ŠĢą  ąThe€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€to€a€presumptive€sentence€of€eight€years€on€theŠ `° Šattempted€second€degree€murder€charge€and€enhanced€that€sentence€to€twelve€years,€finding€asŠ L œ Šenhancement€factors€that€the€appellant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminalŠ 8 ˆ Šbehavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range,€that€the€appellant€used€aŠ $ t Šhandgun€in€the€commission€of€the€offense,€that€the€appellant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€theŠ  ` Šcrime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€and€that€the€appellant€abused€a€position€of€private€trustŠ ü L  Šthat€significantly€facilitated€the€commission€or€the€fulfillment€of€the€offense.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Š č 8  Ššš€40„35„114(1),€(9),€(10),€(15).€€The€trial€court€found€no€statutory€mitigating€factors€and€declined€toŠ Ō$  Šapply€either€non„statutory€mitigating€factor€to€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€charge€becauseŠ Ą  Šhe€gave€greater€weight€to€the€enhancement€factors€than€the€mitigating€factors,€especiallyŠ ¬ü  Šenhancement€factor€(10),€because€the€appellant€š šchased€[Ms.€Gardner]€around€the€car€trying€to€shootŠ ˜č  Šher,€trying€to€get€the€gun€unjammed€with€all€the€traffic€passing€by€very€close€.€.€.€.šš€Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ąThis€court€has€held€that€enhancement€factor€(9)€is€not€an€essential€element€of€attempted€firstŠ \¬ Šdegree€murder€or€an€essential€element€of€second€degree€murder.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„Š H˜ Š114(9)€(2000);€ņņState€v.€Makokaóó,€885€S.W.2d€366,€373€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€ņņState€v.€Billsóó,€No.Š 4„ ŠW2001„00396„CCA„R3„CD,€2002€WL€974673,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€May€10,€2002);€ņņState€v.Š  p ŠOsborneóó,€No.€M2000„00802„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€252083,€at€*6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Mar.€14,Š  \ Š2001)€(perm.€to€appeal€denied€Sept.€17,€2001).€€The€evidence€is€undisputed€that€the€appellant€utilizedŠ ųH Ša€firearm€in€the€commission€of€the€crimes€for€which€he€was€convicted.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€correctlyŠ ä4 Šapplied€enhancement€factor€(9)€to€the€appellantššs€sentence€on€the€charges€of€attempted€first€degreeŠ Š  Šmurder€and€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€Š ¼  ŠĢņņÓ  ÓB.€€Enhancement€Factors€(15)€and€(16)óóŠ ”ä ŠÓ;ŗÓĢą  ąThe€appellant€also€argues€on€appeal€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€applied€enhancementŠ l¼ Šfactor€(16),€š šthe€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€under€which€the€potential€for€bodilyŠ X Ø Šinjury€to€the€victim€was€great,šš€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(16)€(2000),€contending€that€this€factorŠ D!” Šis€inherent€in€the€charge€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€The€state€agrees€that€the€trial€courtŠ 0"€  Šincorrectly€applied€enhancement€factor€(16)€because€this€court,€in€ņņState€v.€Nixóó,€922€S.W.2d€894,€903Š #l! Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€held€that€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„114(16)€(2000)€shouldŠ $X" Šnot€be€applied€to€a€sentence€for€attempted€first€degree€murder€because€a€high€š šrisk€to€human€life€andŠ ō$D # Šthe€great€potential€for€bodily€injury€always€exist€with€an€attempted€first€degree€murder.ššņņóó€€We€agreeŠ ą%0!$ Šwith€the€appellant€and€the€state€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€applied€enhancement€factor€(16)€toŠ Ģ&"% Šthe€appellantššs€sentence€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€Moreover,€we€believe€the€trial€court€erredŠ ø'#& Šin€applying€factor€(15),€that€the€appellant€abused€a€position€of€private€trust€to€facilitate€theŠ ¤(ō#' Šcommission€of€the€offense.€€The€appellant€and€Ms.€Gardner€were€estranged€from€each€other€and€thereŠ )ą$( Šis€no€proof€in€the€record€that€the€fact€that€the€two€were€the€parents€of€a€small€child€facilitated€theŠ |*Ģ%) Šcommission€of€these€offenses.€€Consequently,€this€enhancement€factor€should€not€have€been€appliedŠ h+ø&* Šin€this€case.€€However,€we€note€that€the€wrongful€application€of€one€or€more€enhancement€factorsŠ ° Šby€the€trial€court€does€not€necessarily€lead€to€a€reduction€in€the€length€of€the€sentence.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.Š œģ ŠWinfieldóó,€23€S.W.3d€279,€284€(Tenn.€2000).€€A€determination€that€one€or€more€enhancement€factorsŠ ˆŲ Šwere€improperly€considered€requires€that€we€review€the€evidence€supporting€any€remainingŠ tÄ Šenhancement€factors,€as€well€as€the€evidence€supporting€any€mitigating€factors.€€ņņState€v.€Imfeldóó,€70Š `° ŠS.W.3d€698,€707€(Tenn.€2002).Š L œ ŠĢą  ąLooking€to€the€remaining€enhancement€factors,€the€trial€court€applied€enhancement€factorsŠ $ t Š(1),€(9),€and€(10)€in€addition€to€the€erroneously€applied€factors€(15)€and€(16)€in€determining€theŠ  ` Šappellantššs€sentence€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€(2000)€šš€40„35„114(1),Š ü L  Š(9),€(10),€&€(16).€€The€appellantššs€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€was€listed€inŠ č 8  Šthe€presentence€report.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(1).€€The€appellant,€a€high€school€graduateŠ Ō$  Šwho€was€twenty„two€years€old€at€the€time€of€sentencing,€€had€convictions€for€speeding,€operating€anŠ Ą  Šuninspected€vehicle,€and€a€charge€for€shoplifting€which€was€reduced€to€interfering€with€the€propertyŠ ¬ü  Šrights€of€another.€€The€appellant€also€admitted€illegal€drug€use,€reporting€that€he€first€used€alcoholŠ ˜č  Šat€the€age€of€seventeen.€€He€admitted€to€drinking€several€times€a€month€in€high€school€and€four€orŠ „Ō  Šfive€bottles€of€beer€everyday€after€work€once€he€graduated€from€high€school.€€The€appellant€alsoŠ pĄ Šadmitted€to€using€marijuana€several€times€a€month€in€high€school€and€reported€€his€last€use€of€theŠ \¬ Šillegal€substance€in€1998.€€Thus,€enhancement€factor€(1)€was€properly€applied.€€Š H˜ ŠĢą  ąThe€appellant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€the€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€wasŠ  p Šhigh€as€evidenced€by€the€commission€of€these€shooting€crimes€in€the€presence€of€a€multitude€ofŠ  \ Špotential€victims€on€a€heavily€trafficked€highway.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(10).׃Sׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś4Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀€Finally,Š ųH Šthere€is€no€dispute€that€the€appellant€used€a€handgun€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.Š ä4 ŠCode€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(9).€€Š Š  ŠĢą  ąAfter€reviewing€the€application€of€the€remaining€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€withŠ Øų Šrespect€to€the€sentence€on€the€charge€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€attempted€second€degreeŠ ”ä Šmurder,€we€conclude€that€despite€the€erroneous€application€of€enhancement€factors€(15)€and€(16),Š €Š Šthe€remaining€enhancement€factors€applied€by€the€trial€court€support€the€sentence€imposed€by€theŠ l¼ Štrial€court€of€twenty„two€(22)€years€for€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€twelve€(12)€years€forŠ X Ø Šattempted€second€degree€murder.€€Accordingly,€we€believe€that€the€trial€court€imposed€appropriateŠ D!” Šsentences€for€the€appellantššs€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€attempted€second€degree€murderŠ 0"€  Šconvictions.€€ņņóóŠ #l! ŠĢņņÓ  ÓSetting€Aside€the€VerdictóóŠ ō$D # ŠĢÓVĻÓą  ąFinally,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€setting€aside€the€verdict€in€countŠ Ģ&"% Šone,€attempted€first€degree€murder€due€to€a€mistake€on€the€part€of€the€jury€in€rendering€the€verdict.€Š ø'#& ŠThe€state€disagrees.€€Š ¤(ō#' ŠŠ )ą$( Šą  ąAfter€the€jury€verdict€was€rendered,€the€appellant€filed€a€motion€for€new€trial.€€In€that€motion,Š ° Šthe€appellant€alleged€that€the€jury€foreman,€Jeffrey€Needham,€called€the€court€the€day€after€the€trialŠ œģ Što€report€that€there€was€a€mistake€as€to€how€the€verdict€was€returned.€€At€the€hearing€on€the€motionŠ ˆŲ Šfor€new€trial,€the€appellant€asked€the€court€to€hear€the€testimony€of€Mr.€Needham.€€The€trial€courtŠ tÄ Šallowed€the€appellant€to€proffer€the€testimony€of€Mr.€Needham,€but€declined€to€accept€it€under€theŠ `° Štheory€that€a€juror€cannot€impeach€his€or€her€verdict€under€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€606(b).€€€€Š L œ ŠĢą  ąThe€appellant€chose€to€proffer€the€testimony€of€the€jury€foreman€at€the€hearing.€€Mr.€Š $ t ŠNeedham€testified€that€at€the€trial,€he€had€erroneously€reported€the€verdict€of€the€jury€to€be€guilty€onŠ  ` Šcount€one€of€the€attempted€first€degree€murder€of€Mr.€Johnson€and€guilty€on€count€two€of€theŠ ü L  Šattempted€second€degree€murder€of€Ms.€Gardner,€when€in€fact€the€jury€verdict€with€respect€to€countŠ č 8  Šone€was€attempt€to€commit€second€degree€murder€against€Mr.€Johnson€and€the€verdict€with€respectŠ Ō$  Što€count€two€was€attempt€to€commit€first€degree€murder€against€Ms.€Gardner.€Š Ą  ŠĢą  ąAccording€to€the€transcript€at€trial,€the€trial€court€stated€the€following€after€the€verdict€wasŠ ˜č  Šread:Š „Ō  ŠĢą8  ąAll€right,€Members€of€the€Jury,€you€have€heard€your€foreman€state€that€in€count€One,Š \¬ Šyou€have€found€the€Defendant€.€.€.€guilty€of€attempt€to€commit€first€degree€murderŠ H˜ Šand€that€you€do€not€fix€a€fine.€€Is€that€the€verdict€of€each€and€every€juror?€€If€so,Š 4„ Šwould€you€please€indicate€by€raising€your€right€hand?Š pŠ Š  ŠĢThe€jury€was€then€polled€and€each€juror€raised€their€hand,€indicating€unanimous€agreement€with€theŠ ųH Šverdict€of€the€attempted€first€degree€murder€of€Mr.€Johnson.€€The€jury€was€again€polled€after€theŠ ä4 Šverdict€was€read€by€the€foreman€in€count€two,€and€again,€the€jury€unanimously€agreed€that€theirŠ Š  Šverdict€in€count€two€was€attempt€to€commit€the€second€degree€murder€of€Ms.€Gardner.€€Š ¼  ŠĢą  ąRule€606(b)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€provides:Š ”ä ŠĢą8  ąUpon€an€inquiry€into€the€validity€of€a€verdict€or€indictment,€a€juror€may€not€testifyŠ l¼ Šas€to€any€matter€or€statement€occurring€during€the€course€of€the€juryššs€deliberationsŠ X Ø Šor€to€the€effect€of€anything€upon€any€jurorššs€mind€or€emotions€as€influencing€thatŠ D!” Šjuror€to€assent€to€or€dissent€from€the€verdict€or€indictment€or€concerning€the€jurorššsŠ 0"€  Šmental€processes,€except€that€a€juror€may€testify€on€the€question€of€whetherŠ #l! Šextraneous€prejudicial€information€was€improperly€brought€to€the€juryššs€attention,Š $X" Šwhether€any€outside€influence€was€improperly€brought€to€bear€upon€any€juror,€orŠ ō$D # Šwhether€the€jurors€agreed€in€advance€to€be€bound€by€a€quotient€or€gambling€verdictŠ ą%0!$ Šwithout€further€discussion;€nor€may€a€jurorššs€affidavit€or€evidence€of€any€statementŠ Ģ&"% Šby€the€juror€concerning€a€matter€about€which€the€juror€would€be€precluded€fromŠ ø'#& Štestifying€be€received€for€these€purposes.€€Š¤(ō#'Š Š  ŠĢą  ąš šIn€ņņMontgomery€v.€Stateóó,€556€S.W.2d€559€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977)€and€ņņState€v.€Fuinoóó,€608Š |*Ģ%) ŠS.W.2d€892€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980),€it€was€noted€that€Federal€Rule€of€Evidence€606(b)€wasŠ h+ø&* Šessentially€a€codification€of€Tennessee€law€in€respect€to€the€admissibility€of€juror€testimony€whenŠ ° Šthe€validity€of€a€verdict€is€challenged€and,€accordingly,€used€the€rule€as€the€law€in€Tennessee.šš€€ņņStateŠ œģ Šv.€Blackwellóó,€664€S.W.2d€686,€688€(Tenn.€1984)€(adopting€the€federal€rule€as€the€rule€governing€theŠ ˆŲ Šexclusion€and€admissibility€of€evidence€to€impeach€a€jury€verdict€in€Tennessee).€€Rule€606(b)€of€theŠ tÄ ŠTennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€€became€effective€in€1990.€€According€to€the€Advisory€CommissionŠ `° ŠComments€after€the€rule,€a€juror€š šmay€testify€or€submit€an€affidavit€in€connection€with€a€motion€forŠ L œ Šnew€trialšš€only€in€the€three€limited€circumstances€enumerated€in€the€rule.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€606Š 8 ˆ ŠAdvisory€Commššn.€Comments.€Š $ t ŠĢą  ąThe€law€of€this€state€is€well„settled€that€after€a€jury€has€been€discharged€from€court,€it€mayŠ ü L  Šnot€be€reassembled€to€amend,€correct€or€impeach€its€verdict.€€ņņSeeóó,€ņņe.g.óó,€ņņState€v.€Jeffersonóó,€938Š č 8  ŠS.W.2d€1€(Tenn.€1996);€ņņClark€v.€Stateóó,€170€Tenn.€494,€500,€97€S.W.2d€644,€646€(1936);€ņņState€v.Š Ō$  ŠGreenóó,995€S.W.2d€591,€606„614€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.1998);€ņņState€v.€Morrisóó,€788€S.W.2d€820€(Tenn.Š Ą  ŠCrim.€App.€1990).€€The€sound€rationale€for€this€rule€is€that€once€the€jury€has€been€discharged,€itsŠ ¬ü  Šmembers€have€been€separated€from€the€trial€court€and€are€subject€to€outside€contacts;€thus,€furtherŠ ˜č  Šaction€involving€the€fate€of€the€accused€would€be€improper.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņGreenóó,€995€S.W.2d€at€612„13.€€€Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ąThe€alleged€mistake€involved€in€the€jury€verdict€herein€did€not€involve€any€of€the€instancesŠ \¬ Šenumerated€in€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€606(b)€which€would€allow€a€juror€to€testify€as€to€theŠ H˜ Švalidity€of€a€verdict.€€The€appellant€did€not€allege€that€the€jury€was€influenced€by€extraneousŠ 4„ Šprejudicial€information,€outside€influence€or€that€there€existed€an€agreement€by€the€jurors€to€beŠ  p Šbound€by€a€quotient€or€gambling€verdict.€€The€appellant€was€indicted€on€two€counts€of€attempted€firstŠ  \ Šdegree€murder€and€was€convicted€by€the€jury€of€one€count€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€oneŠ ųH Šcount€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€The€alleged€error€of€the€jury€foreperson€in€reading€theŠ ä4 Šverdict€did€not€result€in€the€appellant€being€convicted€of€an€offense€greater€than€the€original€indicted€Š Š  Šcharges.€€We€find€this€issue€without€merit.€€Š ¼  ŠĢņņą@Ć Ć ģąJury€Instructions€for€Attempted€MurderˆŠ ”ä ŠĢóó(a)€ņņAttempted€Second€Degree€MurderóóŠ l¼ ŠĢą  ąAlthough€not€raised€by€either€party€on€appeal,€we€note€that€the€appellant€was€charged€withŠ D!” Šattempted€second€degree€murder,€which€requires€the€trial€court€to€give€a€jury€instruction€on€theŠ 0"€  Šdefinition€of€š šknowingly.šš€€In€the€case€herein,€in€regards€to€the€second€degree€murder€charge,€theŠ #l! Štrial€court€instructed€the€jury€that:€Š $X" ŠĢą8  ąAny€person€who€attempts€to€commit€second€degree€murder€is€guilty€of€a€crime.€€ForŠ ą%0!$ Šyou€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€of€attempt€to€commit€second€degree€murder,€the€StateŠ Ģ&"% Šmust€have€proved€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€existence€of€the€following€essentialŠ ø'#& Šelements:Ф(ō#'Š Š  Šą8  ą(1)€that€the€defendant€intended€to€commit€the€specific€offense€of€second€degreeŠ )ą$( Šā āmurder;€andŠ|*Ģ%)Š Š  Šą8  ą(2)(a)€that€the€defendant€did€some€act€or€caused€something€to€happen€that€would€haveŠ ° Šā āconstituted€second€degree€murder€if€the€defendantššs€beliefs€at€the€time€he€acted€hadŠ œģ Šin€fact€been€true;€orŠˆŲŠ Š  Šą8  ą(b)€that€the€defendant€did€some€act€intending€to€cause€an€essential€element€of€secondŠ tÄ Šdegree€murder€to€occur,€and€at€the€time€believed€the€act€would€cause€the€element€toŠ `° Šoccur€without€further€action€on€the€defendantššs€part;€orŠL œŠ Š  Šą8  ą(c)€that€the€defendant€did€some€act€intending€to€complete€a€course€of€action€or€causeŠ 8 ˆ Ša€result€that€would€constitute€second€degree€murder€under€the€circumstances,€as€theŠ $ t Šdefendant€believed€them€to€be€at€the€time,€and€his€actions€constituted€a€substantialŠ  ` Šstep€toward€the€commission€of€second„degree€murder.€€The€defendantššs€actions€doŠ ü L  Šnot€constitute€a€substantial€step€unless€the€defendantššs€entire€course€of€action€clearlyŠ č 8  Šshows€his€intent€to€commit€second€degree€murder.€€ŠŌ$ Š Š  Šą8  ąš šIntentionallyšš€means€that€a€person€acts€intentionally€with€respect€to€the€nature€of€theŠ Ą  Šconduct€or€to€a€result€of€the€conduct€when€it€is€the€personššs€conscious€objective€orŠ ¬ü  Šdesire€to€engage€in€the€conduct€or€cause€the€result.€€Š˜č Š Š  Šą8  ąMurder€in€the€second€degree€by€definition€includes€all€of€the€following€essentialŠ „Ō  Šelements:ŠpĄŠ Š  Šą8  ą(1)€the€killing€is€unlawful;€andŠ\¬Š Š  Šą8  ą(2)€the€killing€is€committed€knowingly.ŠH˜Š Š  Šą8  ąš šKnowinglyšš€means€that€a€person€acts€knowingly€with€respect€to€the€conduct€or€toŠ 4„ Šthe€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€of€the€nature€ofŠ  p Šthe€conduct€or€that€the€circumstances€exist.€€A€person€acts€knowingly€with€respect€toŠ  \ Ša€result€of€the€personššs€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€that€the€conduct€isŠ ųH Šreasonable€certain€to€cause€the€result.€€The€requirement€of€knowingly€is€alsoŠ ä4 Šestablished€if€it€is€shown€that€the€defendant€acted€intentionally.€€€€ŠŠ Š Š  ŠĢą  ąThis€court€has€acknowledged€that€second€degree€murder€qualifies€as€a€result„of„conductŠ Øų Š(rather€than€nature„of„conduct)€offense€wherein€the€defendant,€in€order€to€be€guilty,€must€be€awareŠ ”ä Šthat€his€or€her€conduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€death.€€ņņState€v.€Pageóó,€81€S.W.3d€781,€788Š €Š Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2002)€(interpreting€ņņState€v.€Duckeróó,€27€S.W.3d€889€(Tenn.€2000)).€€In€ņņPageóó,€theŠ l¼ Šappellant,€who€was€drunk,€admitted€striking€the€victim€with€a€baseball€bat€but€contended€that€he€hadŠ X Ø Šno€intention€to€kill.€€The€appellant€was€convicted€of€second€degree€murder.€€The€trial€courtššsŠ D!” Šinstructions€defined€š šknowinglyšš€to€include€an€appellantššs€awareness€(1)€that€his€conduct€is€of€aŠ 0"€  Šparticular€nature,€(2)€that€a€particular€circumstance€exists,€or€(3)€that€his€conduct€was€reasonablyŠ #l! Šcertain€to€cause€the€result.€€ņņPageóó,€81€S.W.3d€at€786.€€This€court€granted€Page€a€new€trial€where€theŠ $X" Šappellantššs€ņņmensóó€ņņreaóó€was€in€dispute€because€the€instructions€improperly€lessened€the€stateššs€burdenŠ ō$D # Šof€proof€by€allowing€the€jury€to€convict€on€second€degree€murder€based€only€upon€awareness€of€theŠ ą%0!$ Šnature€of€the€conduct€or€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct.€€Š Ģ&"% ŠĢą  ąGiven€that€the€trial€courtššs€instruction€on€the€definition€of€š šknowinglyšš€was€erroneous€in€thisŠ ¤(ō#' Šcase,€we€must€now€determine€the€appropriate€standard€of€review.€€An€š šerroneous€jury€instruction,Š )ą$( Šwhich€misstates€the€applicable€conduct€element€of€an€offense€and€lessens€the€stateššs€burden€of€proof,Š |*Ģ%) Šis€.€.€.€subject€to€constitutional€harmless€error€analysis.šš€€ņņņņóóId.óó€at€789.€€Š h+ø&* Їą8  ąWe€recognize€that€in€many,€if€not€most,€homicide€trials,€the€ņņmensóó€ņņreaóó€juryŠ ° Šinstructions€utilized€in€this€case€would€be€harmless€error.€€If€a€victim€is€shot€at€pointŠ œģ Šblank€range€with€a€twelve€gauge€shotgun€while€asleep,€and€the€defense€is€theŠ ˆŲ Šdefendant€was€not€the€shooter,€then€the€erroneous€instruction€would€likely€beŠ tÄ Šharmless.€€In€such€a€situation,€the€ņņmens€reaóó€is€not€a€disputed€issue€at€trial.€€Similarly,Š `° Šif€causation€is€not€disputed€in€a€homicide€trial,€the€failure€to€instruct€the€jury€onŠ L œ Šcausation€may€well€be€harmless.€€ņņSee€State€v.€Farneróó,€66€S.W.3d€188,€206€(Tenn.Š 8 ˆ Š2001).€€Š$ tŠ Š  ŠĢņņId.óóŠ ü L  Šą  ąIn€the€case€herein,€we€recognize€that€one€of€the€disputed€issue€at€trial€and€the€primary€theoryŠ č 8  Šof€the€defense€was€the€ņņmensóó€ņņreaóó€of€the€appellant.€€The€statement€signed€by€the€appellant€andŠ Ō$  Šintroduced€at€trial€stated€that€he€š šmeant€to€shoot€Clayton€and€Sarah€but€not€aiming€to€kill€them€justŠ Ą  Što€get€my€point€across.šš€€This€statement€indicates€that€the€appellant€did€not€intend€the€result€of€hisŠ ¬ü  Šactions€to€be€the€death€of€either€Ms.€Gardner€or€Mr.€Johnson.€€Therefore,€the€jury,€if€it€had€believedŠ ˜č  Šthe€appellant€and€if€it€had€been€properly€instructed,€could€have€determined€that€the€appellant€was€notŠ „Ō  Šguilty€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€On€the€other€hand,€under€the€instruction€as€given,€evenŠ pĄ Šif€the€jury€believed€the€appellant€had€no€intention€to€kill,€his€knowing€acts€with€respect€to€his€conductŠ \¬ Šin€shooting€at€his€victims€could€furnish€the€basis€for€a€conviction.€€While€the€trial€in€this€caseŠ H˜ Šoccurred€nearly€a€year€before€our€decision€in€ņņPageóó,€and€it€was€š šfar€from€clear€at€the€time€of€trial€howŠ 4„ Šthe€ššknowingšš€ņņmensóó€ņņreaóó€for€second€degree€murder€should€be€defined€in€jury€instructions,šš€ņņóóit€was€inŠ  p Šthe€š špipelinešš€at€the€time€the€decision€in€ņņPageóó€was€rendered.€€ņņId.óó€at€788.€€We€have€applied€ourŠ  \ Šdecision€in€ņņPageóó€retroactively€to€cases€that€were€in€the€š špipelinešš€at€the€time€of€that€decision.€€ņņSeeóó,Š ųH Šņņe.g.,óó€ņņState€v.€Standridgeóó,€No.€M2002„01699„CCA„R3„CD,€2003€WL€22243249€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Š ä4 ŠSept.€30,€2003,€at€Nashville);€ņņState€v.€Faulkneróó,€No.€W2001„2614„CCA„R3„DD,€2003€WL€22220341Š Š  Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Sept.€26,€2003,€at€Jackson);€ņņ€State€v.€Lawrenceóó,€No.€W2001„02638„CCA„R3„CD,Š ¼  Š2003€WL€22318461€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Nov.€5,€2002,€at€Jackson)ņņóó.€€Applying€our€decision€in€ņņPageóóŠ Øų Što€the€case€herein,€we€are€unable€to€conclude€that€the€trial€courtššs€failure€to€instruct€the€jury€with€theŠ ”ä Šproper€definition€of€š šknowinglyššas€to€the€second€degree€murder€charge€was€harmless€beyond€aŠ €Š Šreasonable€doubt€because€it€improperly€lessened€the€stateššs€burden€of€proof.€€Accordingly,€theŠ l¼ Šjudgment€of€the€trial€court€with€respect€to€the€conviction€of€attempted€second€degree€murder€isŠ X Ø Šreversed€and€remand€for€a€new€trial.€€Ō#†XZ±XXXŖąFy#ŌŌ‡XŖąXXXZ±ŌŌ#†¼ōŌ»XXŖąŁ#ŌŌ‡XŖąX»¼ōŌŌŠ D!” ŠĢ(b)€ņņAttempted€First€Degree€MurderóóŠ #l! ŠĢą  ąAfter€the€jury€instructions€on€the€law€of€attempt,€the€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€on€firstŠ ō$D # Šdegree€murder€as€follows:Š ą%0!$ ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąMurder€in€the€first€degree€by€definition€includes€all€of€the€followingŠ ø'#& Šessential€elements:Ф(ō#'` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą(1)€the€killing€in€unlawful;€andŠ|*Ģ%)` x` x Šą  ąą ` ą(2)€the€killing€is€intentional;€andŠ h+ø&* Šą  ąą ` ą(3)€the€killing€is€premeditated.Š ° ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąš šIntentionallyšš€means€that€person€acts€intentionally€with€respect€toŠ ˆŲ Šthe€nature€of€the€conduct€ņņoróó€to€a€result€of€the€conduct€when€it€is€theŠ tÄ Špersonššs€conscious€objective€or€desire€to€engage€in€the€conduct€orŠ `° Šcause€the€result.ŠL œ` x` x ŠĢą  ąFirst€degree€murder,€like€second€degree€murder,€is€a€result„of„conduct€offense.€€ņņState€v.Š $ t ŠAntionette€Hillóó,€No.€E2001„02524„CCA„R3„CD,€2002€WL€31780718€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Dec.€13,Š  ` Š2002,€at€Knoxville).€€Thus,€the€trial€court€erred€in€instructing€the€jury€that€the€jury€could€convict€theŠ ü L  Šappellant€upon€a€finding€ņņinter€aliaóó€that€he€intentionally€engaged€in€the€conduct€of€shooting€at€theŠ č 8  Švictim.€€However,€as€noted€earlier,€this€error€is€subject€to€harmless€error€review€to€determine€whetherŠ Ō$  Šit€can€be€said€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€error€effected€the€outcome€of€the€trial.€€ņņPageóó,€81Š Ą  ŠS.W.3d€at€789.Š ¬ü  ŠĢą  ąTurning€to€the€question€of€harmless€error€with€respect€to€the€attempted€first€degree€murderŠ „Ō  Šconviction€it€is€readily€apparent€that€unlike€second€degree€murder,€first€degree€murder€requires€thatŠ pĄ Šthe€ņņkillingóó€be€ņņpremeditatedóó.€€This€in€turn€means€that€in€order€for€the€jury€to€convict€the€appellant€ofŠ \¬ Šattempted€first€degree€murder€in€this€case,€the€panel€must€have€concluded€beyond€a€reasonable€doubtŠ H˜ Šthat€the€appellant€š špremeditatedšš€or€planned€ņņto€killóó€Mr.€Johnson.€€Under€these€circumstances,€weŠ 4„ Šbelieve€that€the€erroneous€instruction€or€intentional€ņņconductóó€was€harmless€beyond€a€reasonableŠ  p Šdoubt.€€ņņState€v.€Hillóó,€2002€WL€31780718€at€*Ō#†¼ōŌ»XXŖąČ#ŌŌ‡XŖąX»¼ōŌŌŌ#†XZ±XXXŖą†#ŌŌ‡XŖąXXXZ±Ō€*4„*5.Š  \ ŠĢņņÓ  ÓConclusionóóŠ ä4 ŠÓĢÓĢą  ąAfter€thoroughly€reviewing€the€record€before€this€Court,€we€conclude€that€there€is€reversibleŠ ¼  Šerror€and€accordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€with€respect€to€the€conviction€of€attemptedŠ Øų Šsecond€degree€murder€is€reversed€and€remanded€for€a€new€trial.€€ą Č ąŠ ”ä ŠĢĢą  ąŌ#†XZ±XXXŖą#ŌŌ#†¼»XXZ±K#ŌŌ€XZ±X»¼ŌĢĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ą___________________________________€Š #l! Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE