WPC # VU>a % 0UB 4  n U:  w@ 0J& 0Tp 0^ 0h" 0r 0| 0x 0 1u 0dU6gU.U*B)DC Ba AM~_v~*v D3{ 0@ AO= 0D D/G BvHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLH<( 9Z &Courier RegularX($  7'CXXdXXd7    iUX` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXi<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiԡ 3|x<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXx6X@JQX@,rAZ"Arial Regular PEDDӀ2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23   ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(Courier New<  9p`(Courier<  9p`(Arial% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd d-$C << G U !  #d#   #d#  ` X  ""   YYY FILED"XMay21,1997CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerk  PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'hStyl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   h HD: Geneva  h HD: Geneva %%%%'dxd("$    -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! .    #!!Xd##!!Xd#  ` X  ݛ         X \RA'\\RA'\"7  XXdXXd7ќR&'$A1-j|`  `@Rߛ ̀8 @ INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE@ ATNASHVILLE@   MARCH1997SESSIONSTATEOFTENNESSEE,  ) ̀    ) Appellee,  ) No.01C019606CR00242    )    ) SumnerCountyv.    )    ) HonorableJaneW.Wheatcraft,Judge    )DANNYRAYDORRIS,  ) (CertifiedQuestionofLaw)    ) Appellant.  )    FortheAppellant:    FortheAppellee:DavidAllenDoyle    CharlesW.BursonDistrictPublicDefender   AttorneyGeneralofTennesseèand      and    StevenF.Glaser    PeterCoughlanAssistantPublicDefender   AssistantAttorneyGeneralofTennessee117EastMainStreet   450JamesRobertsonParkway  Gallatin,TN37066    Nashville,TN372430493     LawrenceRayWhitley     DistrictAttorneyGeneral      and     DeeGay     AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral     113EastMainStreet     Gallatin,TN37066OPINIONFILED:____________________AFFIRMEDJosephM.TiptonJudge@  OPINION  Thedefendant,DannyRayDorris,appealsasofrightuponreservationofacertifiedquestionoflawfromtheSumnerCountyCriminalCourt.Uponhispleaofguilty,thedefendantwasconvictedoffeloniouspossessionwiththeintenttosellmarijuanaandsentencedtotwoyears,withninetydaysofhissentencetobeservedinjailandtheremainderofhissentencetobeservedinacommunitycorrectionsprogram.Thecasearosefromasearchofthedefendantsresidencepursuanttoawarrant.Thecertifiedquestionoflawthatisdispositiveofthecaseisstatedasfollows:  8 Whethertheinformationprovidedintheaffidavitforthesearchwarrantwassufficienttoallowthemagistratetomaketherequisiteindependentdeterminationofthereliabilityoftheinformantandtheinformationsoughttobereliedupon.  Weholdthatprobablecausewasshowntorenderthesearchwarrantvalid. TheaffidavitofJerryCarpenter,adrugtaskforceofficer,statesasfollows:  8  YOURAFFIANTHASRECEIVEDINFORMATIONFROMACONFIDENTIALINFORMANTWHOSTATEDTHATDANNYR.DORRISISSELLINGMARIJUANAFROMHISRESIDENCEAT199LAWRENCETOWNROADINGALLATIN,SUMNERCOUNTYTENNESSEE.WITHINTHELAST(5)FIVEDAYS,SAIDCONFIDENTIALINFORMANTHASMADEACONTROLLEDPURCHASEOFMARIJUANAFROMDANNYDORRISINSIDETHEABOVEDESCRIBEDLOCATION.BEFORETHEPURCHASETHESAIDINFORMANTANDINFORMANTSVEHICLEWERESEARCHEDFORCONTRABANDANDNONEWASFOUND.SAIDINFORMANTWASEQUIPPEDWITHAPOLICECONSENSUALLISTENINGDEVICEANDGIVENUNDERCOVERBUYMONEYTOPURCHASEMARIJUANAFROMDANNYDORRIS.SAIDINFORMANTALONGWITHINV.GREGBUNCHWERETHENFOLLOWEDBYYOURAFFIANTANDINV.MONTYMCCURRYTODORRISSRESIDENCE.SAIDINFORMANTWASTHENOBSERVEDBYINV.GREGBUNCHTOENTERTHERESIDENCE.YOURAFFIANTANDINV.MONTYMCCURRYMONITOREDANDRECORDEDCONVERSATIONBETWEENDORRISANDTHEINFORMANTINWHICHMARIJUANAWASSOLDTOTHEINFORMANTBYDANNYDORRIS.AFTERTHEPURCHASETHESAIDINFORMANTTHENGAVEINV.GREGBUNCHTHEMARIJUANAWHICHTHEINFORMANTSTATEDWASPURCHASEDFROMDANNYDORRIS.YOURAFFIANTLATERFIELDTESTEDTHESAIDMARIJUANAWHICHFIELDTESTEDPOSITIVEASMARIJUANAASCH.VICONTROLLEDSUBSTANCE.8  FURTHERMOREYOURAFFIANTANDOTHERMEMBERSOFTHE18thJUDICIALDISTRICTDRUGTASKFORCEHAVERECEIVEDINFORMATIONTHATDANNYDORRISHASBEENTRAFFICKINGMARIJUANAFROMHISRESIDENCE,199LAWRENCETOWNROADGALLATIN,TENNESSEE.YOURAFFIANTALSOCONFIRMEDTHATDORRISHASATLEAST(3)THREEPREVIOUSARRESTSANDCONVICTIONSFORTRAFFICKINGORSELLINGMARIJUANA.8  SAIDCONFIDENTIALANDRELIABLEINFORMANTHASPROVIDEDYOURAFFIANTWITHINFORMATIONTHATHASBEENCORROBORATEDWITHINFORMATIONYOURAFFIANTFOUNDTOBETRUE.THECONFIDENTIALANDRELIABLEINFORMANTHASNEVERGIVENYOURAFFIANTINFORMATIONTHATWASFOUNDTOBEFALSE.  ThedefendantcontendsthatthisaffidavitfailstoestablishprobablecausetobelievethathewaspossessingmarijuanainhisresidenceunderthetwoprongstandardprovidedinStatev.Jacumin,778S.W.2d430(Tenn.1989),forevaluatinginformanthearsay.0  InJacumin,oursupremecourtheldthatunderArticleI,Section7oftheTennesseeConstitutionprobablecausebaseduponinformanthearsayrequiresashowing(1)oftheinformantsbasisofknowledgeand(2)ofeitherhiscredibilityorthereliabilityofhisinformation.Id.at432,436.Relativetoasearchwarrant,thismeansthatamagistratemustmakeaneutralanddetachedjudgmentthattheaffidavitbeforehimorhershowsprobablecausetoissuethewarrant.SeeStatev.Moon,841S.W.2d336,338(Tenn.Crim.App.1992). Asfortheinformantsbasisofknowledge,thedefendantacknowledgesthatacontrolledpurchaseofmarijuanabytheinformantoccurredatthedefendantsresidence,andthattheinformantsaiditwasfromthedefendant.Thedefendantalsoadmitsthatthepoliceaurallymonitoredthetransactionbyahiddenmicrophone.However,heclaimsthattheinformants uncorroboratedassertionthatthedefendantwasthesellermakeshisbasisofknowledge opentoquestion.Asfortheinformantsreliability,thedefendantclaimsthatitwasnotshownintheaffidavitotherthanthroughtheaffiantsassertionofreliability. Thedefendantsargumentsessentiallycarryastandardofabsolutecertaintythatisalientosearchandseizurelaw,whichisprimarilybaseduponreasonableness.TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthasdefinedprobablecauseas whetheratthatmomentthefactsandcircumstanceswithin[police]knowledgeandofwhichtheyhadreasonablytrustworthyinformationweresufficienttowarrantaprudentmaninbelievingthatthepetitionerhadcommitted...anoffense.Beckv.Ohio,379U.S.89,91,85S.Ct.223,225(1964).SeeStatev.Meeks,876S.W.2d121,124(Tenn.Crim.App.1993).Oursupremecourthasstated:  8 Indealingwithprobablecause,onedealswithprobabilities.Thesearenottechnical;theyarethefactualandpracticalconsiderationsofeverydaylifeonwhichreasonableandprudentmen,notlegaltechnicians,act.  Statev.Jefferson,529S.W.2d674,689(Tenn.1975). Webelievethatasaresultofthelivemonitoringofadrugtransactionattheresidenceofthedefendant,aknownconvicteddrugdealer,whomthebuyingϜinformant,apersonusedbythepolicetogatherinformationinprevioussuccessfulcriminaldruginvestigations,saidwasthemarijuanaseller,therewasprobablecausetobelievethatthedefendantpossessedmarijuana,drugparaphernalia,orotherevidenceofillegaldrugdealingssoastojustifytheissuanceofasearchwarrantforhisresidence.Nofurtheranalysisisneeded.̜ Inconsiderationoftheforegoing,andtherecordasawhole,thejudgmentofconvictionisaffirmed.      ___________________________      JosephM.Tipton,JudgeCONCUR:_________________________JoeG.Riley,Judge_________________________ThomasT.Woodall,Judge0