ÿWPC  j»YL-Á`:ü¬y¡´E‘Oͯ>½Óªfõz\7;,,ÅEf§‚mß×Ìá'“V÷u¥†€A«À`Ö«Mpä—"‚ý#"Âtù€­¹ÀfjhŽÿ¢÷ãÍGUÜD+)’m°Wæ"ÊÄw§™ù¦Lµ‘mÆÓä ˜Ò"ˆC-ÁDÿ%˪0m‡…*^}˸J² ÷Õ|y8ïœ-Êzùî„MÃÛT®[Mü‹¶féj³¼¯8ÈL1=j(  æ7´.` ww. Ù|Åâf3ÝV»ñ¬,ÜovIžÌð™·}Á3D«¡0× šú¦Á;X[Hã@㪔4ßþ`¬ß<Ÿ¤Y2Dc:Ë“³ß›Dëˆãt…Qä tÅô-¶»žNÇAD¶ÎvÍP=pq-üoôË¿l|‡Òœ*¨y¸JNœkËËQácJÙýïÐ Býºól¹F˜ý’Da¿d©m-Ù2ø&÷’ioÕOœP¾¢â+‚ær47r ¤c¨¬„#QZ!55¥ú¡ÝõCH¥vœ,B›©ÆÇ"—àí@ß‘­w­j×@™,Ó~:q†mì&¾®……TjËÌ„Ë ú®Îý»@³ûî{›øazŒF55ÏDb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ U#N· w 4 z Ò— i x mz ‘ Æ™ Æ_ Æ% Æë UN±Nÿ 0D[EE  A¢ãããããããããããããããããããããbøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøøø 0ë Bëë 0¤ D3¬ D-ß 0K   ASWƪ 0¤p 0D A«X˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»œp+â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularYo†)¢Ø+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó QÝ ƒR‹$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôü=ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€defendant€asserts€that€the€holding€in€òòState€v.€Gillilandóó,€22€S.W.3d€266€(Tenn.€2000),€applies€to€his€caseÐ ° Ðin€that€evidence€of€his€childhood€is€ð ðbackgroundðð€evidence€crucial€to€the€juryððs€ability€to€fully€evaluate€his€claim€of€self„Ð tÄ Ðdefense.€€Defendantððs€reliance€on€òòGillilandóó€is€misplaced.€€The€issue€there€was€the€admissibility€of€evidence€of€a€priorÐ 8ˆ Ðshooting€by€the€accused€that€the€State€sought€to€present€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€404(b).€€The€StateÐ üL Ðargued€that€the€ð ðbackgroundðð€evidence€was€being€offered,€not€as€propensity€evidence,€but€to€show€the€€the€context€ofÐ À Ðthe€crime.€€The€òòGillilandóó€court€concluded€that€such€evidence€was€admissible€only€where€it€filled€a€chronological€orÐ „Ô Ðconceptual€void€in€the€Stateððs€theory€of€the€case,€thus€avoiding€jury€confusion.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€272„73.€€Here,€the€only€questionÐ H ˜ Ðis€whether€the€childhood€evidence€is€relevant€pursuant€to€Rule€401,€not€whether€the€childhood€evidence€is€propensityÐ  \ Ðevidence€admissible€for€some€ð ðother€purposeðð€pursuant€to€Rule€404(b).€€ 7Ý ƒR‹$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôü=ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAlthough€the€judgment€forms€for€John€Montgomery€were€entered€as€an€exhibit€to€the€hearing€on€the€motionÐ ° Ðfor€a€new€trial,€the€forms€were€not€included€with€the€record. Ý ƒR‹$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôü=ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAs€to€the€difference€in€the€plea€agreements€offered,€this€court€has€determined€that€plea€bargaining€is€a€matterÐ ° Ðð ðentirely€within€the€district€attorney€generalððs€discretion.ðð€€òòState€v.€Headóó,€971€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€Ð tÄ ÐIn€òòHeadóó,€the€defendant€and€three€codefendants€pled€guilty€to€especially€aggravated€robbery€and€conspiracy€to€commitÐ 8ˆ Ðespecially€aggravated€robbery€for€the€robbery€of€a€sporting€goods€store€during€which€the€defendant€struck€an€employeeÐ üL ¨ Ðwith€a€crow€bar,€fracturing€his€skull€and€shattering€his€cheekbone.€€This€court€determined€that€the€State€could€not€beÐ ° Ðforced€to€offer€the€defendant€the€same€guilty€plea€agreement€offered€the€other€three€codefendants.€€In€òòHeadóó,€the€StateÐ tÄ Ðargued€that€the€defendantððs€violent€assault€with€the€crow€bar€justified€the€Stateððs€decision€not€to€offer€the€same€reductionÐ 8ˆ Ðof€the€offense€to€robbery,€a€Class€C€felony,€as€had€been€offered€and€accepted€by€the€three€codefendants.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€50.€Ð üL Ѐ€€- ù-(|G2‹$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôü=ò»»Ô d(|3‡•$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3‡•$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[õ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼[õ»»»ÔÑ8€©XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îO4[õÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼[õ»îîO4 #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€July€10,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡X©X»¼[õÔÌò òÔ#†¼[õ»XX©#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€LAWRENCE€DOUGLASÔ‡X©X»¼[õÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNos.€98„15004„05€€€€€€Bernie€Weinman,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2000„01749„CCA„R3„CD€€Ô_Ô„Ô_Ô€Filed€August€10,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Lawrence€Douglas,€was€indicted€by€a€Shelby€County€Grand€Jury€for€one€count€ofÐ xÈ  Ðespecially€aggravated€robbery€and€one€count€of€attempted€first€degree€murder,€both€Class€A€felonies.€Ð d´ ÐHe€was€found€guilty€of€especially€aggravated€robbery€and€attempted€second€degree€murder,€a€ClassÐ P  ÐB€felony,€and€sentenced€to€twenty€years€for€the€especially€aggravated€robbery€conviction€at€100%Ð <Œ Ðand€a€concurrent€sentence€of€twelve€years€for€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€conviction,€as€aÐ (x ÐRange€I,€standard€offender,€for€an€effective€sentence€of€twenty€years.€€The€defendant€challenges:€€(1)Ð d Ðthe€ruling€of€the€trial€court€excluding€testimony€of€the€defendantððs€grandmother€concerning€hisÐ P Ðchildhood€and€(2)€his€sentences.€€Finding€no€error,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€Ð ì< ÐHowever,€we€remand€for€entry€of€corrected€judgments€in€order€that€the€appropriate€classes€of€theÐ Ø( Ðconvictions€may€be€indicated€on€the€judgments.Ð Ä ÐÓØÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed€andÐ œì ÐRemanded€for€Entry€of€Corrected€Judgmentsó óÐ ˆØ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼[õ»àX©Ž#ÔÔ‡X©X.¼[õÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòJerry€L.Ð `° ÐSmith,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð L œ ÐÌC.€Michael€Robbins,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Lawrence€Douglas.Ð $"t! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Mark€E.€Davidson,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ü#L# ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Rosemary€Andrews,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ è$8 $ ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Ô%$!% ÐÓ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼[õ»XX©< #ÔÔ‡X©X»¼[õÔÐ ¬'ü"' ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼[õ»XX©â #ÔÔ‡X©X»¼[õÔÓ  Óà  àIn€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendant€challenges€his€convictions€and€sentences€forÐ „)Ô$) Ðespecially€aggravated€robbery€and€attempted€second€degree€murder,€presenting€the€following€specificÐ p*À%* Ðissues:Ð \+¬&+ Ðâ âÐ H,˜',ý¡ ÐÓ*°,XƒX× –X°œX*Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI.à0× ` x` xàWhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€excluding€as€irrelevant€theÐ ° Ðâ âtestimony€of€Maudina€Douglas€concerning€the€defendantððsÐ œì Ðchildhood€experiences;€andЈØ× x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àII.à0× ` x` xàWhether€the€defendantððs€convictions€and€sentences€violate€theÐ `° Ðdue€process€and€equal€protection€provisions€of€the€state€andÐ L œ Ðfederal€constitutions€because€of€disparity€between€his€sentenceÐ 8 ˆ Ðand€that€of€his€codefendant.Ð$ t× x× x ÐÌà@¥¥(ìàò òòòFACTSó óóóˆÐ ü L  ÐÌà  àThe€events€of€this€case€took€place€on€a€summer€night€in€a€residential€area€of€Memphis€knownÐ Ô$  Ðas€Orange€Mound.€€The€victim,€Louis€Hill,€testified€that€on€July€21,€1998,€he€went€to€a€boardingÐ À  Ðhouse€on€Park€Avenue€around€6:00€p.m.€to€find€a€man€who€owned€a€Memphis€janitorial€service€andÐ ¬ü  Ðfor€whom€€Hill€was€working.€€On€this€evening,€€Hill€was€not€able€to€locate€his€boss€but€instead€foundÐ ˜è  Ða€dice€game€going€on€behind€the€boarding€house.€€Mr.€Hill€joined€the€game€for€about€thirty€minutes.€Ð „Ô  ÐThe€codefendant,€John€Montgomery,€and€Jerion€Craft€were€among€the€players.€€Hill€hadÐ pÀ Ðapproximately€$140€with€him;€he€was€wearing€a€gold€herringbone€necklace€with€a€medallionÐ \¬ Ðdesigned€with€an€anchor€and€a€symbol€of€Jesus,€and€a€gold€nugget€ring.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àHill€did€not€remember€either€winning€or€losing€any€money€to€speak€of€at€the€game.€€He€leftÐ  p Ðthe€game€and€went€to€visit€a€friend€who€lived€nearby€but€returned€to€the€boarding€house€after€aboutÐ  \ Ðfifteen€minutes,€again€looking€for€his€boss.€€He€walked€around€back,€and€the€dice€game€was€stillÐ øH Ðgoing€on,€although€with€some€different€players.€€As€he€was€leaving,€he€saw€two€men€coming€alongÐ ä4 Ða€path€that€led€from€other€neighboring€backyards€into€the€area€of€the€dice€game.€€Hill€testified€that,Ð Ð  Ðas€he€continued€walking€toward€Park€Avenue,€someone€grabbed€his€shirt€from€behind.€€Hill€spunÐ ¼  Ðaround€and€was€shot€in€the€lower€groin€area.€€He€fell€back€onto€the€ground,€and€his€assailantÐ ¨ø Ðdemanded€his€money.€€Hill€said€he€told€the€shooter€to€take€the€money€and€handed€him€the€$140€orÐ ”ä Ðso€that€he€had€in€his€pocket.€€The€second€man€he€recognized€as€Montgomery.€€Montgomery€hit€himÐ €Ð Ðin€the€face€and€yanked€the€necklace€from€his€neck€and€took€his€ring.€€Hill€heard€someone€say€ð ðhereÐ l¼ Ðcome€the€police,ðð€and€his€assailants€then€ran.€€Hill€testified€that€he€made€it€to€the€front€yard€whereÐ X ¨ Ðsomeone€called€an€ambulance.€€Prior€to€the€arrival€of€the€ambulance,€Hill€was€found€by€police€atÐ D!” Ðapproximately€9:30€p.m.€on€the€porch€of€the€boarding€house.€€He€was€transported€to€the€RegionalÐ 0"€  ÐMedical€Center€where€he€underwent€three€hours€of€surgery,€followed€by€eleven€days€of€recovery€atÐ #l! Ðthe€hospital€and€three€months€of€convalescence€at€home€before€being€able€to€begin€light,€part„timeÐ $X" Ðwork.€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àJerion€Craft€testified€that,€on€the€night€of€the€shooting,€he€and€John€Montgomery€had€beenÐ Ì&"% Ðgambling€with€others€in€the€crap€game€behind€the€house€on€Park€Avenue€in€Orange€Mound.€€He€sawÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€defendant,€armed€with€a€pistol,€grab€the€victim€and€fire€the€pistol.€€He€had€not€heard€the€twoÐ ¤(ô#' Ðarguing€prior€to€the€shot.€€Additionally,€he€did€not€see€any€movement€by€the€victim€which€made€itÐ )à$( Ðappear€that€he€was€reaching€for€a€pistol,€himself.€€Craft€said€that€the€victim€was€wearing€a€smallÐ |*Ì%) Ðmedallion€that€evening,€which€the€defendant€removed€from€him€after€the€shooting.€€Montgomery€gotÐ h+¸&* Ðsomething€from€the€victim,€but€Craft€could€not€see€what€it€was.€€He€later€told€Memphis€policeÐ ° Ðofficers€what€he€had€observed.Ð œì ÐÌà  àSergeant€Joseph€Scott€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department€interviewed€the€victim.€€He€hadÐ tÄ Ðlearned€the€names€of€the€codefendant€and€the€defendant€from€Jerion€Craft.€€Sergeant€Scott€preparedÐ `° Ðphotographic€lineups€for€Hill€to€view.€€Hill€had€already€identified€the€codefendant,€Montgomery,€asÐ L œ Ðthe€person€who€was€with€the€defendant€and€who€hit€him€in€the€face€and€took€his€necklace€and€ring.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐOn€August€2,€Hill€was€able€to€immediately€pick€out€the€defendant€from€a€photographic€lineup€as€theÐ $ t Ðperson€who€shot€him.€€The€photograph€used€by€Sergeant€Scott€was€the€most€recent€on€file€for€theÐ  ` Ðdefendant,€a€photograph€that€had€been€taken€some€nine€days€after€the€crime€date,€as€a€result€of€aÐ ü L  Ðtraffic€violation.€€The€defendant€was€wearing€a€gold,€herringbone€necklace,€which€the€victimÐ è 8  Ðidentified€as€the€one€stolen€from€him€on€the€night€of€the€shooting.€Ð Ô$  ÐÔ#†¼[õ»XX©@ #ÔÔ‡X©X»¼[õÔÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€had€lived€in€ð ðthe€Moundðð€off€and€on€most€of€his€life.€€On€JulyÐ ¬ü  Ð21,€1998,€the€defendant,€days€from€turning€nineteen,€was€living€on€Cella€Street€in€Orange€MoundÐ ˜è  Ðwith€his€aunt.€€On€this€particular€evening,€the€codefendant,€John€Montgomery,€came€to€theÐ „Ô  Ðdefendantððs€house€and€told€him€about€a€crap€game€that€was€underway€behind€a€boarding€house€someÐ pÀ Ðtwo€blocks€away€on€Park€Avenue.€€The€house€was€directly€across€the€street€from€the€Park€AvenueÐ \¬ ÐStore,€a€location€known€among€residents€of€the€community€as€a€place€to€purchase€drugs.€€OnceÐ H˜ Ðpurchased,€some€individuals€then€crossed€to€the€boarding€house€where€they€could€use€drugs,€drinkÐ 4„ Ðbeer,€and€gamble.€€Montgomery,€who€had€just€come€from€the€dice€game,€told€the€defendant€thatÐ  p Ðamong€the€gamblers€that€evening€was€one€who€was€a€ð ðpluckðð€or€an€ð ðeasy€markðð€with€money€on€him.€Ð  \ ÐThe€two€then€left€for€the€game,€but€not€before€Montgomery€retrieved€a€small,€black€pistol€that€he€hadÐ øH Ðleft€at€the€defendantððs€home.€€The€defendant€explained€that€Montgomery€had€given€him€the€gun€forÐ ä4 Ðhis€protection.€€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€version€of€what€then€happened€differs€substantially€from€that€testified€to€byÐ ¨ø Ðthe€victim€but€is€consistent€with€his€affirmative€defense€of€self„defense.€€According€to€the€defendant,Ð ”ä Ðhe€got€into€the€dice€game€to€cheat€the€ð ðpluckðð€out€of€his€money.€€The€defendant€apparently€had€theÐ €Ð Ðability€to€ð ðslick€rollðð€the€dice,€which€he€explained:Ð l¼ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àSetting€the€dice€on€where€I€want€them.€€And,€stack€them.€€€When€IÐ D!” Ðstack€them€I€spread€them€instead€of€rolling€them.€€And,€look€like€theyÐ 0"€  Ðrolling€and€all€the€time€they€spinning€on€the€number€I€set€them€on.€€IÐ #l! Ðdo€them€from€snake€eyes€on€up€to€twelve,€from€two€on€up€to€twelve.€Ð$X"` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€played€in€the€dice€game€with€the€victim€for€about€twentyÐ à%0!$ Ðminutes€and€had€won€$150€to€$200€from€the€victim,€when€he€was€caught€cheating.€€The€victimÐ Ì&"% Ðbecame€angry€and€started€calling€the€defendant€names.€€According€to€the€defendant,€MontgomeryÐ ¸'#& Ðslipped€the€gun€into€the€defendantððs€back€waistband.€€When€the€victim€seemed€to€be€reaching€for€aÐ ¤(ô#' Ðweapon,€the€defendant€pulled€the€gun€from€his€back€waistband€and€shot€the€victim€once€and€ran.€€Ð )à$( ÐÌÐ h+¸&* Їà  àAfter€the€shooting,€the€defendant€ran€back€to€his€home€where,€some€thirty€minutes€later,Ð ° ÐMontgomery€showed€up.€€According€to€the€defendant,€the€two€were€ð ðsitting€there€chitchatting€aboutÐ œì Ðsome€rocks€he€had€got€and€a€necklace€he€had€got.ðð€€The€defendant€gave€Montgomery€$30€in€cash€forÐ ˆØ Ðthe€necklace.€€It€was€a€gold€herringbone€chain€necklace€with€a€religious€medallion€designed€with€anÐ tÄ Ðanchor€and€a€symbol€of€Jesus.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€suspected€that€Montgomery€had€takenÐ `° Ðthe€necklace€from€the€victim.€€The€defendant€was€photographed€by€the€police€nine€days€later,Ð L œ Ðapparently€as€part€of€a€booking€for€a€traffic€offense€on€July€30,€1998,€wearing€the€necklace.€€As€toÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€gun,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€and€Montgomery€took€it€to€the€home€of€Jerion€Craft,€who€wasÐ $ t Ðtold€by€Montgomery€to€ð ðtake€careðð€of€it.Ð  ` ÐÌà@òò&ìàò òòòANALYSISó óóóˆÐ è 8  ÐÌà@Þ Þ ìàò òIssue€I.€€Admissibility€of€Evidence€of€Defendantððs€ChildhoodˆÐ À  ÐÌà  àó óAccording€to€the€defendantððs€version€of€the€facts,€he€shot€the€victim€in€self„defense.€€ThisÐ ˜è  Ðdefense€is€established€by€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€Section€39„11„611,€which€states,€in€pertinentÐ „Ô  Ðpart:Ð pÀ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àò òSelf„defense.ð"ð€ó ó(a)€A€person€is€justified€in€threatening€or€usingÐ H˜ Ðforce€against€another€person€when€and€to€the€degree€the€personÐ 8ˆ Ðreasonably€believes€the€force€is€immediately€necessary€to€protectÐ $t Ðagainst€the€otherððs€use€or€attempted€use€of€unlawful€force.€€TheÐ ` Ðperson€must€have€a€reasonable€belief€that€there€is€an€imminent€dangerÐ üL Ðof€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.€€The€danger€creating€the€belief€ofÐ è8 Ðimminent€death€or€serious€bodily€injury€must€be€real,€or€honestlyÐ Ô$ Ðbelieved€to€be€real€at€the€time,€and€must€be€founded€upon€reasonableÐ À Ðgrounds.€€There€is€no€duty€to€retreat€before€a€person€threatens€or€usesÐ ¬ü Ðforce.Иè` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€.€ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(d)€The€threat€or€use€of€force€against€another€is€not€justified€if€theÐ H!˜ Ðperson€provoked€the€other€individualððs€use€or€attempted€use€ofÐ 4"„  Ðunlawful€force,€unless:Ð #p!` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€The€person€abandons€the€encounter€or€clearly€communicates€toÐ ø$H # Ðthe€other€the€intent€to€do€so;€andÐä%4!$` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(2)€The€other€nevertheless€continues€or€attempts€to€use€unlawful€forceÐ ¼' #& Ðagainst€the€person.Ш(ø#'` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€ðð€39„11„611(a),€(d)€(1997).€€The€test€for€justification€by€reason€of€self„defense€is,€therefore,€aÐ €*Ð%) Ðthreefold€test:€€ð ð[T]he€defendant€must€reasonably€believe€he€is€threatened€with€imminent€loss€of€lifeÐ l+¼&* Ðor€serious€bodily€injury;€the€danger€creating€the€belief€must€be€real€or€honestly€believed€to€be€realÐ ° Ðat€the€time€of€the€action;€and€the€belief€must€be€founded€on€reasonable€grounds.ðð€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„11„611Ð œì ÐSentencing€Commission€Cmts.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€evidence€the€defendant€sought€to€put€before€the€jury€was,€according€to€the€defendant,Ð `° Ðnecessary€to€meet€this€threefold€test€and€show€that€the€defendant€reasonably€and€honestly€€believedÐ L œ Ðthat€he€was€in€imminent€danger€of€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.€€The€evidence€at€issue€had€twoÐ 8 ˆ Ðbasic€parts:€(1)€that€the€defendant€had€been€shot€in€the€head€approximately€one€year€earlier,Ð $ t Ðapparently€in€a€random€shooting,€and€the€bullet€was€still€lodged€in€his€head;€and€(2)€that€he€had€livedÐ  ` Ðfor€a€period€of€time€with€his€mother,€who€was€addicted€to€crack€cocaine,€and€that€he€ran€wild,Ð ü L  Ðdrinking€and€using€drugs.€€The€proffered€evidence€was€to€come€in€through€the€testimony€of€theÐ è 8  Ðdefendantððs€grandmother,€Maudina€Douglas.€€In€a€jury„out€hearing€concerning€the€admissibility€ofÐ Ô$  Ðthis€evidence,€defense€counsel€explained€to€the€trial€court€the€significance€of€the€proffered€testimonyÐ À  Ðof€Ms.€Douglas:Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àWhat€Iððm€seeking€to€do,€Judge,€is€simply€to€inform€the€jury€that€Mr.Ð „Ô  ÐDouglas,€within€a€year€or€so€prior€to€this€incident,€was€shot,€period.€Ð pÀ ÐHe€was€shot,€he€has€a€bullet€in€his€head.€€Itððs€inoperable,€canððt€beÐ \¬ Ðremoved€and€his€mother€or€grandmother,€one€or€the€other,€will€testifyÐ H˜ Ðto€corroborate€that.€€And,€that€he€is€of€a€heightened€letððs€say,Ð 4„ Ðnervousness,€or€sensitivity€or€sensibility€and€heððs€a€little€prone€toÐ  p Ðthink€maybe€somebodyððs€out€to€get€him.€€Thatððs€as€far€as€I€plan€to€goÐ  \ Ðwith€it.€€As€far€as€childhood,€I€wasnððt€going€to€trot€out€a€wholeÐ øH Ðdysfunctional€childhood.€€But,€I€do€think€itððs€relevant€in€order€that€theÐ ä4 Ðjury€understand€and€determine€what€was€his€state€of€mind€on€the€nightÐ Ð  Ðin€question.€€I€do€think€itððs€important€that€the€jury€understand€that€heÐ ¼  Ðdid€get,€fairly€early€on,€an€introduction€to€what€Iððm€calling€the€drugÐ ¨ø Ðsub„culture€around€the€City€of€Memphis.€€Again,€no€great€detail.€€But,Ð ”ä Ðjust€that€as€a€ten€or€eleven€year€old,€he€was€aware€of€the€fact€of€crackÐ €Ð Ðcocaine€addiction€and€what€it€does€and€what€goes€on€around€it.€€And,Ð l¼ Ðthen€you€add€to€that€the€fact€that€he€was€shot,€thatððs€going€to€also,€IÐ X ¨ Ðanticipate,€come€out,€as€far€as€why€he€frequently€goes€armed€in€orderÐ D!” Ðto€protect€himself.€€But,€thatððs€as€far€as€I€intend€to€go€with€it.€€I€thinkÐ 0"€  Ðthat€ought€to€be€permitted.Ð#l!` x` x ÐÌà  àSubsequently,€out€of€the€presence€of€the€jury,€Maudina€Douglas,€the€defendantððsÐ ô$D # Ðgrandmother,€testified€how€his€life€had€changed€after€age€eight€when€he€moved€from€her€OrangeÐ à%0!$ ÐMound€house€to€live€in€east€Memphis€with€his€mother:€€ð ðWell,€he€started€staying€out€long€as€heÐ Ì&"% Ðwanted,€all€night€long€or€either€she€would€have€him,€she€would€let€him€drink,€she€would€let€himÐ ¸'#& Ðsmoke€weed€with€her.€€So,€he€had€his€own€way.€€He€did€what€he€wanted€to€do€when€he€was€withÐ ¤(ô#' Ðher.ðð€€Ms.€Douglas€said€that€she€did€not€know€what€the€defendant€did€while€he€was€ð ðin€the€streets,ððÐ )à$( Ðonly€when€he€was€with€her.€€Also,€she€testified€as€to€the€defendantððs€being€shot€in€1997:€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à0× ` x` xàHe€had€a€gunshot€wound€on€the€left€side,€just€near€the€eye€andÐ ° Ðbullet€lodged€in€the€back€of€the€eye€and€they€said€they€couldnððtÐ œì Ðremove€it.€€If€they€did€it€would€do€more€damage€than€it€wouldÐ ˆØ Ðgood.ÐtÄ× x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQ.à0× ` x` xàAnd,€after€that€event,€after€his€release€from€the€hospital,€did€youÐ L œ Ðnotice€any€change€in€his€behavior?Ð8 ˆ× x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àA.à0× ` x` xàYes,€he€was€seemed€a€bit€nervous.€€He€had€headaches€andÐ  ` Ðanybody€came€up€on€him€to[o]€fast€it€would€frighten€him.€€And,Ð ü L  Ðif€he€went,€left€the€house€going€anywhere,€constantly€lookingÐ è 8  Ðbehind€him€like€he€was€afraid€or€something.ÐÔ$ × x× x ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€ruled€in€the€following€manner€regarding€this€testimony:€€ð ð[T]he€testimonyÐ ¬ü  Ðabout€his€growing€up,€his€running€wild€in€the€streets,€his€mother€being€on€drugs,€the€Court€finds€thatÐ ˜è  Ðto€be€irrelevant€to€the€issues€here€on€trial€and€will€not€allow€that.ðð€€However,€the€trial€court€allowedÐ „Ô  Ðthe€testimony€regarding€the€fact€that€the€defendant€had€been€shot€in€the€head€some€months€earlierÐ pÀ Ðas€corroborative€of€his€own€testimony€concerning€the€bullet€in€his€head€and€the€fact€that€it€made€himÐ \¬ Ðð ðjitteryðð€and€fearful€of€being€shot€again.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àThis€court€will€not€reverse€the€decision€of€a€trial€court€to€exclude€evidence€based€on€its€lackÐ  p Ðof€relevance€unless€the€trial€court€has€abused€its€discretion.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€DuBoseóó,€953€S.W.2d€649,Ð  \ Ð652€(Tenn.€1997)€(citations€omitted).€€Abuse€of€discretion,€in€this€context,€essentially,€contemplatesÐ øH Ða€situation€where€the€ð ðcourt€applied€an€incorrect€legal€standard,€or€reached€a€decision€which€isÐ ä4 Ðagainst€logic€or€reasoning€that€caused€an€injustice€to€the€party€complaining.ðð€€òòState€v.€Shuckóó,€953Ð Ð  ÐS.W.2d€662,€669€(Tenn.€1997)€(citing€òòBallard€v.€Herzkeóó,€924€S.W.2d€652,€661€(Tenn.€1996)).€Ð ¼  ÐAccordingly,€ð ð[a]lthough€a€decision€made€under€this€standard€will€not€be€lightly€reversed€on€appeal,Ð ¨ø Ðthe€discretion€of€the€trial€court€is€not€without€limits.ðð€€òòState€v.€Gillilandóó,€22€S.W.3d€266,€273€(Tenn.Ð ”ä Ð2000).€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àHere,€the€challenged€ruling€involves€the€relevance€of€testimony€concerning€the€defendantððsÐ X ¨ Ðchildhood.€€Relevant€evidence€is€evidence€ð ðhaving€any€tendency€to€make€the€existence€of€any€factÐ D!” Ðthat€is€of€consequence€to€the€determination€of€the€action€more€probable€or€less€probable€than€it€wouldÐ 0"€  Ðbe€without€the€evidence.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€401.€€Relevant€evidence€is€admissible€unless€a€ruleÐ #l! Ðexcludes€it.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€402€Advisory€Commission€Cmts.€€ð ðEvidence€which€is€not€relevant€is€notÐ $X" Ðadmissible.ðð€€òòId.óó€402.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€evidence€of€his€childhood€was€relevant€because€it€showed€that€heÐ Ì&"% Ðgrew€up€around€the€criminal€drug€sub„culture€and€so€was€familiar€with€its€violence.€€The€result€ofÐ ¸'#& Ðâ âthis€familiarity,€the€defendant€argues,€made€him€honestly€and€reasonably€believe€that€the€victim€wasÐ ¤(ô#' Ðreaching€for€a€gun€to€shoot€him.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€State€counters€that€whether€the€defendant€drank,€smokedÐ ° Ðâ âmarijuana,€or€stayed€out€late€as€a€child€was€not€relevant€to€whether€he€acted€in€self„defense€when€heÐ œì Ðshot€the€victim.€€We€agree€with€the€State.€€Testimony€regarding€an€undisciplined€childhood€is€notÐ ˆØ Ðrelevant€to€the€defendantððs€alleged€belief€that€the€victim€made€a€ð ðpocket€playðð€just€before€theÐ tÄ Ðdefendant€shot€him.Ð `° ÐÌà  àAdditionally,€we€note€that€Ms.€Douglas€did€not€offer€testimony€concerning€what€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðdefendant€did€in€Orange€Mound€but€rather€what€he€did€while€living€with€his€mother€in€ð ðEastÐ $ t ÐMemphis.ðð€€Ms.€Douglas€was€not€able€to€link€the€defendantððs€childhood€problems€with€theÐ  ` Ðgeographical€area€where€this€crime€occurred,€or€with€any€individual€present€at€the€crime€scene,€orÐ ü L  Ðwith€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€robbery€and€shooting.€€Furthermore,€nothing€in€the€recordÐ è 8  Ðsuggested€that€either€drugs€or€alcohol€played€any€role€in€the€commission€of€this€offense.€€WhenÐ Ô$  Ðquestioned€on€cross„examination€by€the€State€as€to€why,€if€the€defendant€was,€as€he€suggested,Ð À  Ðextremely€nervous€about€being€shot€again,€knowing€how€violent€the€streets€could€be,€he€deliberatelyÐ ¬ü  Ðput€himself€in€ð ðan€illegal€dice€game,€in€Orange€Mound,€behind€a€crack€house,€with€a€friend€that€wasÐ ˜è  Ðarmed,€and€start[ed]€to€cheat.ðð€€The€defendant€responded:€€ð ðJust€coming€outside€is€a€dangerousÐ „Ô  Ðsituation.ððÐ pÀ ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€excluding€evidence€of€theÐ H˜ Ðtroubled€childhood€of€the€defendant€as€irrelevant€in€that€such€evidence€failed€to€make€it€moreÐ 4„ Ðprobable€or€less€probable€that€the€shooting€by€the€defendant€was€an€act€of€self„defense.Ð  p ÐÌÓ  Óò òIssue€II.€€Disparity€in€Sentencesó óÐ øH ÐÓ=bÓÌà  àIn€his€second€issue,€the€defendant€contends€that€his€convictions€and€sentences€violate€hisÐ Ð  Ðrights€to€due€process€and€equal€protection€of€the€law€guaranteed€by€the€Fourteenth€Amendment€ofÐ ¼  Ðthe€U.S.€Constitution€and€by€Article€I,€Section€8€of€the€Constitution€of€Tennessee.€€This€claim€isÐ ¨ø Ðbased€on€the€differing€sentences€of€the€defendant€and€his€codefendant,€John€Montgomery,€who€pledÐ ”ä Ðguilty€to€aggravated€robbery€and€aggravated€assault€and€received€a€sentence€of€eight€years€accordingÐ €Ð Ðto€a€plea€bargain€agreement€with€the€State.׃t×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€defendant€contends€that€the€difference€between€hisÐ l¼ Ðcodefendantððs€sentence€of€eight€years€at€30%€and€his€sentence€of€twenty€years€at€100%€is€grosslyÐ X ¨ Ðdisparate€and€violative€of€the€principles€of€the€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€as€well€asÐ D!” Ðhis€constitutionally€protected€rights.€€The€State€argues€that€the€disparity€between€sentences€is€justifiedÐ ° Ðbased€on€the€facts€of€the€case.€€As€to€these€claims,€the€trial€court€stated€the€following€at€the€jointÐ œì Ðsentencing€hearing€and€hearing€on€the€motion€for€a€new€trial:Ð ˆØ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àIn€taking€into€consideration€the€argument€as€to€the€disparity€ofÐ `° Ðsentences.€€The€Court€does€not€feel€that€what€was€argued€is€what€wasÐ L œ Ðthe€intent€of€the€act.€€I€think€the€Court€„€„€The€act€was€someone€„€„€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðfeeling€being€that€someone€convicted€of€the€same€crime,€under€theÐ $ t Ðsame€circumstances,€with€the€same€background,€should€receive€theÐ  ` Ðsame€punishment.Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àUnderstand,€the€argument€is,€well,€this€is€between€the€two€peopleÐ Ô$  Ðinvolved€in€the€same€crime.€€There€was€proof€in€this€case€that€Mr.Ð À  ÐDouglas€had€more€of€an€involvement€in€this€crime.Ьü ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àBut€I€donððt€think€there€was€anything€in€the€intent€of€theÐ „Ô  Ðlegislature€in€passing€the€statute€that€says€there€could€not€be€aÐ pÀ Ðnegotiation€with€a€co„defendant,€and€that€would€bar€any€increasedÐ \¬ Ðpunishment€for€a€defendant€who€did€not€enter€into€a€negotiatedÐ H˜ Ðagreement.Ð4„` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€.€Ð \` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àThe€Court,€for€the€same€reason€the€Court€indicated€previously,Ð ä4 Ðfeels€that€thereððs€not€a€violation€of€the€statute€nor€a€violation€of€theÐ Ð  ÐConstitution,€to€have€the€two€defendants€sentenced€to€differentÐ ¼  Ðamounts€of€„€„€different€punishments€in€this€matter.Шø` x` x ÐÌà  àBefore€assessing€these€claims,€we€will€first€review€the€evidence.€€The€defendant€admitted€thatÐ €Ð Ðhe€fired€the€shot€at€close€range€into€the€victim.€€The€jury€rejected€his€theory€of€self„defense,Ð l¼ Ðconvicting€him€of€shooting€the€victim€and€causing€serious€bodily€injury€and€also€of€taking€$140€fromÐ X ¨ Ðhim.€€The€codefendant€hit€the€victim€in€the€face€and€yanked€the€necklace€and€ring€from€his€body.€Ð D!” ÐThe€codefendant€also€helped€conceal€the€gun.€€Ô#†¼[õ»XX©´##ÔÔ‡X©X»¼[õÔWhile€there€was€evidence€that€the€codefendant€toldÐ 0"€  Ðthe€defendant€about€the€dice€game€and€came€with€the€defendant€for€the€purpose€of€cheating€theÐ #l! Ðvictim,€nothing€in€the€evidence€suggested€that€it€was€anyone€other€than€the€defendant€who€grabbedÐ $X" Ðthe€victimððs€shirt€to€stop€him€from€leaving;€shot€the€victim€in€the€lower€abdominal€area;€andÐ ô$D # Ðdemanded€the€victimððs€money.€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÔ#†¼[õ»XX©Øp#ÔÔ‡X©X»¼[õÔÌà  àò òó óòòóóClaiming€that€the€two€had€similar€culpability,€the€defendant€argues€that€his€codefendantÐ ¸'#& Ðð ðplayed€a€material€role€in€providing€the€gun€used€in€this€offense€and€in€retrieving€the€gun€later€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdisposing€of€it.ðð€€However,€it€was€the€shot€fired€by€the€defendant€which€resulted€in€the€victimððsÐ )à$( Ðspending€three€hours€in€surgery,€eleven€days€in€the€hospital,€and€three€months€convalescing€at€home.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐThus,€in€considering€the€defendantððs€claims€that€his€due€process€and€equal€protection€rights€wereÐ h+¸&* Ðviolated,€we€note€that€he,€not€the€codefendant,€shot€the€victim€and€that€he,€unlike€the€codefendant,Ð ° Ðrejected€a€guilty€plea€proposal€from€the€State.€€However,€following€his€conviction,€he€now€insists€thatÐ œì Ðhis€sentence,€following€a€trial,€must€be€measured€against€that€imposed€on€the€codefendant,€followingÐ ˆØ Ða€guilty€plea.Ô‡X©XXX©Ôà ` àÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àAs€we€understand€the€defendantððs€argument,€his€right€to€due€process€and€equal€protection€ofÐ L œ Ðthe€law€were€violated€when,€following€his€trial,€he,€as€the€shooter,€received€a€greater€sentence,Ð 8 ˆ Ðalthough€the€longer€of€his€sentences€was€the€presumptive€minimum,€than€did€his€co„defendant,€whoÐ $ t Ðentered€a€plea€of€guilty€to€a€lesser€offense.€Ð  ` ÐÌò òÔ#†X©XXX©w#ÔÓ  ÓA.€€Due€Processó óÔ‡X©XXX©ÔÔ#†¼[õ»XX©ôr#ÔÔ‡X©X»¼[õÔÐ è 8  ÐÓyÓÌà  àIt€is€without€question€that€the€length€of€sentence€for€a€defendant€who€is€convicted€followingÐ À  Ða€trial€is€not€circumscribed€by€that€received€by€a€codefendant,€who€was€here€less€culpable.€€The€courtÐ ¬ü  Ðnoted€in€òòUnited€States€v.€Sparksóó,€2€F.3d€574,€587€(5th€Cir.€1993):Ð ˜è  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àSparks€also€contends€that€he€was€denied€due€process€of€law€becauseÐ pÀ Ðonly€those€co-defendants€who€elected€to€go€to€trial,€as€opposed€toÐ \¬ Ðthose€who€pled€guilty,€had€their€sentences€enhanced€for€possession€ofÐ H˜ Ðfirearms.€€Sparks,€however,€may€not€use€the€sentences€received€by€hisÐ 4„ Ðco-defendants€as€yardsticks€for€the€sentence€he€argues€he€should€haveÐ  p Ðreceived.€€òòUnited€States€v.€Harrisonóó,€918€F.2d€469,€475€(5th€Cir.Ð  \ Ð1990).€€This€is€especially€true€when€the€co-defendants€pled€guilty€andÐ øH Ðcooperated€with€the€government.€€The€sentences€of€suchÐ ä4 Ðco-defendants€ð ðare€obviously€the€result€of€leniency€and€are€notÐ Ð  Ðrelevant€to€the€present€constitutional€inquiry.ðð€€òòUnited€States€v.Ð ¼  ÐDevineóó,€934€F.2d€1325,€1338-39€(5th€Cir.€1991),€òòcert.óó€òòdeniedóó,€502Ð ¨ø ÐU.S.€1065,€112€S.€Ct.€954,€117€L.€Ed.€2d€121€(1992).€€SparksÐ ”ä Ðelucidates€no€other€facts€in€support€of€his€due€process€claim.Ð €Ð ÐConsequently,€we€find€his€claim€to€be€without€merit.Ðl¼` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€has€presented€no€authority€for€the€argument€that€his€due€process€rights€wereÐ D!” Ðviolated€by€the€fact€that€he€received€a€longer€sentence€following€his€trial€than€did€his€codefendant,Ð 0"€  Ðwho€entered€a€plea€of€guilty.€€Thus,€we€conclude€that€this€claim€is€without€merit.Ð #l! Ðà  àÌò òÓ  ÓB.€€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989ó óÐ ô$D # ÐÓmÓÌà  àÔ#†X©XXX©4y#ÔÔ#†¼[õ»XX©vy#ÔÔ‡X©X»¼[õÔThe€defendant€argues€that€the€differing€sentences€are€violative€of€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act.€Ð Ì&"% ÐWhile€a€stated€goal€of€our€sentencing€act€is€the€ð ðfair€and€consistent€treatment€of€all€defendants€byÐ ¸'#& Ðeliminating€òòunjustified€óódisparity€in€sentencing,ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(2)€(emphasis€added),Ð ¤(ô#' Ðnothing€in€our€law€prohibits€differences€in€sentences€among€codefendants€where€a€codefendant,Ð )à$( Ðwhile€accountable€as€a€principal,€was€not€ð ðtainted€with€that€degree€of€guilt€as€was€defendant.ðð€Ð |*Ì%) ÐòòMcGowen€v.€Stateóó,€427€S.W.2d€555,€560€(Tenn.€1968);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Greg€Lee€Swordóó,€No.Ð h+¸&* Ð03C01„9203„CR„00074,€1993€WL€100192,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Mar.€31,€1993)€(concluding€thatÐ ° Ðdisparate€sentences€were€appropriate€where€defendant€placed€gun€in€victimððs€neck,€fired€twice,€andÐ œì Ðforcibly€removed€property€from€victim;€codefendant€was€not€armed€and€did€not€personally€removeÐ ˆØ Ðproperty).€€Our€sentencing€code€clearly€supports€an€ð ðindividualized,€case„specific€inquiry€toÐ tÄ Ðdetermine€the€range€of€sentence€.€.€.€.ðð€€òòSwordóó,€1993€WL€100192,€at€*5.Ð `° ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€notes€that€his€conviction€by€a€jury€of€especially€aggravated€robbery,€a€ClassÐ 8 ˆ ÐA€felony,€placed€him€within€the€ambit€of€the€statutory€provision€€requiring€that€the€trial€court€beginÐ $ t Ðcalculating€his€sentence€at€the€midpoint€in€the€appropriate€range,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð  ` Ð210(c),€which€in€this€case€was€twenty€years.€€The€defendant€apparently€contends€that€this€statuteÐ ü L  Ðunconstitutionally€restricted€the€trial€judgeððs€ability€to€equitably€sentence€the€defendant.€€This€courtÐ è 8  Ðhas€stated€that€the€ð ðTennessee€General€Assembly€has€the€exclusive€authority€to€designate€whatÐ Ô$  Ðconduct€is€prohibited€and€the€punishment€for€that€conduct.ðð€€òòState€v.€Turneróó,€919€S.W.2d€346,€362Ð À  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€The€defendantððs€rights€to€due€process€was€not€violated€by€the€impositionÐ ¬ü  Ðof€a€sentence€based€on€the€law€and€a€punishment€that€existed€at€the€time€he€committed€the€crimes.€Ð ˜è  ÐòòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€there€was€sufficient€justification€for€the€disparity€between€the€sentencesÐ \¬ Ðand€that€the€defendant€was€convicted€and€sentenced€based€on€duly€enacted€criminal€laws€of€this€state.€Ð H˜ ÐThis€argument€is€without€merit.Ð 4„ ÐÌà@…… ìàò òC.€€Equal€Protectionó óˆÐ  \ ÐÌà  àAs€for€his€claim€that€his€right€to€equal€protection€of€the€laws€was€violated,€the€defendantÐ ä4 Ðargues€that€he€and€his€codefendant€have€not€been€treated€similarly,€apparently€in€the€application€ofÐ Ð  Ðsentencing€laws,€and€that€there€is€no€rational€or€logical€ground€for€any€distinction€in€their€sentences,Ð ¼  Ðother€than€the€fact€that€the€codefendant€came€into€custody€of€the€police€before€the€defendant.€€TheÐ ¨ø ÐState€counters€that€the€sentence€imparted€to€the€codefendant€was€part€of€a€negotiated€plea€agreementÐ ”ä Ðand€is€irrelevant€to€the€sentencing€process€of€the€defendant.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àAccording€to€the€State€and€the€record,€the€codefendant€was€arraigned€on€January€1,€1999,€andÐ X ¨ Ðpled€guilty€as€part€of€his€plea€agreement€on€April€20,€1999.€€The€defendant€was€not€in€custody€untilÐ D!” Ðapproximately€fourteen€months€after€the€crime,€when€he€was€arrested€on€unrelated€charges.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àAlthough€an€accused€does€not€have€a€constitutional€right€to€plea€negotiations,€òòseeóó€òòMabry€v.Ð $X" ÐJohnsonóó,€467€U.S.€504,€507,€104€S.€Ct.€2543,€2545„47,€81€L.€Ed.€2d€437€(1984),€the€record€indicatesÐ ô$D # Ðthat€the€defendant€was€offered€a€plea€agreement€of€fifteen€years€and€rejected€it,€choosing€rather€toÐ à%0!$ Ðgo€to€trial,€as€was€his€right.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Obviously,€the€codefendantððs€convictions€and€sentences€resulted€fromÐ Ì&"% Ðhis€agreement€with€the€State,€while€the€defendantððs€convictions€and€sentences€resulted€from€the€trialÐ ° Ðand€sentencing€processes.€€Our€supreme€court€has€stated€that€ð ðthings€which€are€different€in€fact€orÐ œì Ðopinion€are€not€required€by€either€[the€federal€or€state]€constitution€to€be€treated€the€same.ðð€Ð ˆØ ÐòòTennessee€Small€School€Systemsóó,€851€S.W.2d€at€153€(citations€omitted;€òòState€ex€rel.€Stewart€v.Ð tÄ ÐMcWherteróó,€857€S.W.2d€875,€876€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)€(ð ðEqual€protection€requires€that€allÐ `° Ðpersons€similarly€situated€must€be€treated€alike€and,€ordinarily,€legislatures€may€determine€whatÐ L œ Ðgroups€are€different€so€long€as€the€classification€has€a€reasonable€relationship€to€a€legitimate€stateÐ 8 ˆ Ðinterest.ðð).€€This€was€not€a€difference€in€treatment€imposed€by€the€State€but€rather€one€resulting€fromÐ $ t Ðthe€individual€choices€made€by€the€defendant,€who€elected€to€go€to€trial,€and€the€codefendant,€whoÐ  ` Ðelected€to€plead€guilty.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð ü L  ÐÌà@FF%ìàò òòòCONCLUSIONóóˆÐ Ô$  ÐÌó óà  àBased€upon€the€foregoing€authorities€and€analyses,€we€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.ò ò€Ð ¬ü  Ðó óHowever,€the€matter€is€remanded€for€entry€of€corrected€judgment€forms€in€order€that€the€appropriateÐ œì  Ðclasses€of€the€convictions€may€be€indicated€on€the€judgments.ò òÐ ˆØ  Ðó ó€€€€€à  à€€€€€à8 ` àà8× ` x` xà€€€€€ÐtÄ× ×  ÐÌÌÌÔ#†¼[õ»XX©‚#ÔÔ€X©X»¼[õÔà  àà ` àà × àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð $t Ðà  àà ` àà × àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE