WPC /c,Cb,SIϵ1#[53 ݸ pt9õԽ"u$0wG'toгǯнݑVrU t# 8RƗPYvn\~|JgUKR2 @VGF4,\f_RWq 0~0֪^.sEqZ3?we06>1 f8b#)mWh4iueDf1 8)vo"!܉~PWyuJ ~Q~s,[S:xQD КtB~59nj=qf,4ayۭ(_ noUTwaRQZT; K͊u5oߌ#?⭶ %U.nX 0P4l 0 0D>w@  m.U: 1I U:z  b ( U:)4U:]]]]] AQ 0D 0D 0D> B D/ B D3<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%2A`ArialTT3|X <6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXx6X@JQX@%2A`ArialTTt10cpiXXX2PQXP(($D  n~<$ (f(2$ !D   XXXX   0  (#$  0   t &eu rv rw ex ry z D{ e| Ӏ HU $  $D  XYXXX   2    Theactualchargetothejurywasnottranscribed.Therecordcontainsacopyofthewrittencharge,  however,fromwhichwequote.,rAZ"Arial Regular '  $D  XYXXX   1    ݢT.C.A.4035201(b)(2)(A)(I)(1997)providesthat [w]henachargeastopossiblepenaltieshas  beenrequestedpursuanttosubdivision(b)(1),thejudgeshallalsoincludeintheinstructionsforthejurytoweighandconsiderthemeaningofasentenceofimprisonmentfortheoffensechargedandanylesserincludedoffenses.Suchinstructionshallincludeanapproximatecalculationoftheminimumnumberofyearsapersonsentencedtoimprisonmentfortheoffensechargedandlesserincludedoffensesmustservebeforereachingsuchperson'searliestreleaseeligibilitydate.Suchcalculationshallincludesuchfactorsasthereleaseeligibilitypercentageestablishedby4035501,maximumandminimumsentencereductioncreditsauthorizedby4121236andthegovernor'spowertoreduceprisonovercrowdingpursuanttotitle41,chapter1,part5,ifapplicable.,  AZ"Arial Regular  - -   $D  XYXXX   3    Wenotethattwoseparateconcurringopinionsinthiscasereachedthisresultbasedonfindingthe  statuteunconstitutional."Arial Regular  !"  XPXXX OXXP   Ad FILEDXPX O   November20,1998  CecilCrowson,Jr.oXXPAppellateCourtClerk ,cAZ"Arial Regular !"#%C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1   d''' dxdP Pd$$$$'dxd !D   w w w t t w t t ` X7*XXdd7  TR[A'Legal3'A' Legal3'T  ӜXyXXX | | r(<,(j 8` `@Ef ` ttx$ ` r   INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE `   t(>.*jx'` `@Ew ` ttx$P tߛ @;;ATJACKSON  @5;SEPTEMBER1998SESSION STATEOFTENNESSEE,      T ) p     L      T )  C.C.A.No.02C019711CR00443 `    Appellee,     T ) P     L      T )  t t w t t w w w Shelbyw w w t t w t t County @  ТV.   L      T ) 0     L      T )  HonorableW.Fredt t w t t w w w Axleyw w w t t w t t ,Judge   Т t t w t t w w w RECOw w w t t w t t R.DOUGLAS,      T )   p    L      T )  Appellant.     T )  (Firstdegreefelonymurder) P FORTHEAPPELLANT:     T   FORTHEAPPELLEE:  ACWharton L      T   JohnKnoxWalkup  t t w t t w w w Shelbyw w w t t w t t CountyPublicDefender   T   AttorneyGeneral&Reporter  p TonyN.t t w t t w w w Braytonw w w t t w t t  L      T   MarvinE.t t w t t w w w Clementsw w w t t w t t ,Jr. "P AssistantPublicDefender     T   AssistantAttorneyGeneral #@ 201PoplarAvenue,Suite201   T   425FifthAvenueNorth $0 Memphis,TN38103     T   Nashville,TN37243 %  Ѐ(onappeal) L      T      \    !  p&    L      T   WilliamL.Gibbonst t w t t w x x Trentw t t w x x t t R.Hall 0 L      T   DistrictAttorneyGeneralP(!L2%L2% AssistantPublicDefender     T   0  @)"2%2% 201PoplarSt.,Ste.201     T   EdgarA.PetersonIV 0* # Memphis,TN38103     T 0  AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral +!$2%2% Ѐ(attrial)0 0L 2% 2%0L2%L2%02%2%0T2%2%0T2%T2%201Poplart t { t t { Aveny uy z iz e{ t t { t t ,Suite301,"%2%2%    L      T   Memphis,TN38103 !  -#&    L      T      L   OPINIONFILED:____________________ REVERSEDANDREMANDEDFORANEWTRIAL  4 +.  PAULG.SUMMERS,  P7-1 Judge  09/3 XD7٩XXdXXd7@:; OPINION `        Thedefendantwaschargedwithfirstdegreemurderduringtheperpetrationofarobberyandconvictedofthatoffensebyajury.Hewassentencedtolifeimprisonment.Inthisdirectappealthedefendantraisesthefollowingissues: 8 1.Whetherthetrialcourterredinitsinstructiontothejuryonreleaseeligibilitydates;  " "  8 2.WhetherT.C.A.4035201(b)(2)(A)(I)(1997)isunconstitutional;and  " "  8 3.Whethertheevidenceissufficienttosupporttheverdict.  " " Thet t statet t correctlyconcedesthatthiscasemustbereversedandremandedforanewtrialbecausethetrialcourtcommittedreversibleerrorinitsinstructiontothejuryonreleaseeligibilitydates.@>; FACTS     Accordingtothedefendant'sstatementtothepolice,heandafriendnamedDiondecidedonDecember3,1994,torob [a]nybodyweseewithsomething.Theysawthevictim'sapartmentdooropenandenteredit.Thevictim,JackRouse, rantowardsDionandthedefendantshothimonceinthestomachwithasawedoff.410shotgun.DionthentookthegunandhitRouseintheheadwiththegunbarrel.Thetwoassailantsthentookapproximatelyninedollarsinchangeandthevictim'sbeeperandranoutoftheapartment.  Otherproofestablishedthatthevictimcalledhisneighborsand911.Thepoliceandemergencymedicalpersonnelarrivedandthevictimwastakentothehospital.Hesubsequentlybledtodeathfromaseveredaortacausedbytheshotgun      woundtotheabdomen.FifteenshotgunpelletswererecoveredfromRouse's  abdomen.  :04 D`     Severaldayslaterthepolicefoundthedefendant,recoveredthevictim'sbeeperfromhispersonandtookhisstatement.Thedefendant'sexgirlfriendtestifiedattrialthatthedefendanthadalsoconfessedthemurderandrobberytoherafterhewasinjail.@AA<; ANALYSIS     Thedefendantfirstcontendsthatthetrialcourterredinitsinstructiontothejuryonparoleeligibilitydates.  #  1      ׀Thetrialcourtinstructedthejuryasfollows:P  #  2       H@   8 Thejurywillnotattempttofixanypunishmentorsentencefor[thedefendant's]offenses.However,foryourinformationonly,youareinformedthatthe[range]ofpunishmentasto...MurderintheFirstDegreeDuringthePerpetrationofaRobbery[is]imprisonmentforlifewithparole.  " "   ... 8 Youarefurtherinformedthattheminimumnumberofyearsapersonsentencedtoimprisonmentfor[thisoffense]mustservebeforereachingtheearliestreleaseeligibilitydate(RED)is:  " "   ... 8 RED%0 " "0""0T""0T"T"0""30%H!@""   RED%Applied0  0T2%2%0T2%T2%02%2%4.50years8"02%2%   t t { v v { { { W[ith{ { t t { u u { ]{ { { { Max[imum{ { { { ]Credits0 T 0T2%T2%02%2%2.95years(# 2%2%   SafetyValve0  02%2%0T2%2%0T2%T2%02%2%2.70years$2%2%   SafetyValve&{ { { { Max[imum{ { { { ]Credits0  1.77years% 2%2% Thetrial{ { judgefurther{ { { { instructedthejurywithexplanationsfortheterms RED%, RED%Applied, With{ { { { Max[imum{ { { { ]Credits, SafetyValve,and SafetyValve&Ϣ{ { { { Max[imum{ { { { ]Credits.Hethentoldthejurythat WhetheradefendantisactuallyreleasedfromincarcerationonthedatewhenfirsteligibleforreleaseisadiscretionarydecisionmadebytheBoardofParolesandisbasedonmanyfactors.TheBoardof h.`'* ParoleshastheauthoritytorequireadefendanttoservetheentiresentenceimposedbytheCourt.  Aspointedoutbythedefendant,personssentencedtolifeimprisonmentforfirstdegreemurdermustserveatleasttwentyfivefullcalendaryearsbeforebecomingeligibleforparole.See{ { { { T.C.A.{ { { { 4035501(h)(1).Furthermore,ourcriminal h`  coderequiresatrialcourttoinstructthejuryinafirstdegreemurdercasethatadefendantreceivingalifesentenceshallnotbeeligibleforparoleuntilhehasservedatleasttwentyfivefullcalendaryearsofhislifesentence.See{ { { { T.C.A.{ { { { 3913  204(e)(2).  InStatev.Cook,816{ { { { S.W.2d{ { { { 322(Tenn.1991),thejurywasmistakenly  instructedthatthedefendant'srangeofpunishmentwasRangeIwhenthedefendant'scrimeswerestatutorilyrequiredtobesentencedatRangeII.OurSupremeCourtheldthat{ { { { T.C.A.{ { { { 4035201(b) givesadefendantaclaimablestatutoryrighttohavethejuryknowtherangeofpunishmentapplicabletothechargesbeforedecidingguiltorinnocence.Id.at326.Itfurtherheldthatthisright %   wouldbelostifthedefendantweretobesentencedtopunishmentsgreaterthanwhatthejuryfindingguiltwasinstructedwouldbeimposedandthatdenyingthedefendantthisright constitutesprejudicetothejudicialprocess,renderingtheerrorreversibleunderRule36(b){ { { { T.R.A.P.{ { { { Id.at327. ,%(   Intheinstantcase,thetrialcourtdidnoterrinitsinstructiontothejuryonrangeofpunishment.However,theinstructionsdidinformthejurythatthedefendantcouldbereleasedonparoleinlessthantwoyearswhenhewas,infact,ineligibleforparoleuntilafterservingtwentyfiveyears.ThiscaseisdistinguishablefromthoseinwhichthedefendantiseventuallydeterminedtobeaRangeIIoffenderbutthejurywasinstructedontheminimumRangeIsentenceandthemaximum 926 RangeIIsentence.See,e.g.,Statev.Smith,%  926{ { { { S.W.2d{ { { { 267,271(Tenn.{ { { { Crim{ { { { .{ { { { App{ { { { .  1995).Inthosecases,thedefendantmayindeedbecomeineligibleforaRangeIsentenceuponlaterproofsubmittedatthesentencinghearing.Atthetimeoftrial,however,suchdefendants'sentencingstatushasnotbeenestablishedandthe{ { state's{ { { { proofforahigherrangemayfail.Inotherwords,inthosecases,theinstructedminimumsentenceisstillapossibility.Inthiscase,thedefendantwasineligibleforparolebeforeservingtwentyfiveyearsatthetimeoftrial.Becausethedefendant H@  couldnot,underanycircumstances,beeligibleforreleasein1.77years,hewassubjected,ineffect,toagreatersentencethanthataboutwhichthejurywasinformed.  Also,thejuryinthiscasewasinstructednotonlyontheoffenseoffirstdegreefelonymurderbutalsoonthelesseroffensesofrecklesshomicideandcriminallynegligenthomicide.AstheCookcourtrecognized, Itiswidelyperceivedby h` thosewhoobservedtheoperationsofourtrialcourtsinprevioustimes,whenjurieshadtheadditionalresponsibilityofsettingpunishment,thatoftentheyseemedtofindguiltofacrimenotnecessarilymoststronglysuggestedbytheevidence,butonethepunishmentforwhichsuitedtheirsenseofjusticeinthecase.Cook,816{ { { { S.W.2d{ { { { at &" 326.Intheinstantcase,itisconceivablethat,hadthejuryknownthatafirstdegreemurderconvictioncarriedaminimumserviceoftwentyfiveyears,itwouldhavechosentoconvictthedefendantofalesseroffense.{ { { { Cf{ { { { .Statev.{ { { { Winford{ { { { LeePipkin, ,%( No.{ { { { 01C01{ { { { 9605CR00210(Tenn.{ { { { Crim{ { { { .{ { { { App{ { { { .filedDec.4,1997,atNashville)(wherenolesseroffenseswerechargedtothejury,thetrialcourt'sfailuretoinformthejurythatthedefendantwouldnotbeeligibleforsentencereductioncreditsdidnotconstitutereversibleerror).  InStatev.JerryRayCooper,No.{ { { { 01C01{ { { { 9604CC00150(Tenn.{ { { { Crim{ { { { . 704 { { { { App{ { { { .filedNov.17,1997,atNashville),thisCourtconsideredajurychargegiven 926 pursuantto{ { { { T.C.A.{ { { { 4035201(b)whichincludedtheminimumreleaseeligibilitydatebutomittedtheparagraphstatingthattheBoardofParoleshastheauthoritytorequirethedefendanttoservehisentiresentence.Asaresult,thetrialcourthadtherebygiven aninaccuratestatementofthelawand{ { { { mis[led{ { { { ]thejuryregardingthelikelihoodofwhen[the]defendantwouldbereleased.Accordingly,thisCourtreversedtheconvictionandremandedthecaseforanewtrial.  #  3      ׀ h`    Theinstructionalerrorcommittedinthiscasewassimilarlymisleadingtothejury.Thejurywasinformedthat,evenifitconvictedthedefendantofthegreatestoffensewithwhichhewascharged,hecouldbeparoledinlessthantwoyears.Misinformationofthatmagnituderesultedinprejudicetothejudicialprocess.See  Т{ { { { T.R.A.P.{ { { { 36(b).Accordingly,wehavenochoicebuttoreversetheconvictionbelowandremandthismatterforanewtrial.  Inhisnextissue,thedefendantchallengestheconstitutionalityofthestatuteunderwhichajuryisinstructedabouttherangeofpunishmentsfortheoffensescharged,{ { { { T.C.A.{ { { { 4035201(b)(2)(A)(I)(1997).OurSupremeCourthasrecentlyaddressedthisissueandfoundthestatuteconstitutional.Statev.King,973 &" { { { { S.W.2d{ { { { 586,592(Tenn.1998).Thisissueis,therefore,withoutmerit.  Finally,weaddressthedefendant'scontentionthattheevidenceisnotsufficienttosustainhisconviction.XYXXXYAdefendantchallengingthesufficiencyofthe h.`'* proofhastheburdenofillustratingtothisCourtwhytheevidenceisinsufficienttosupporttheverdictreturnedbythetrieroffactinhisorhercase.ThisCourtwillnotdisturbaverdictofguiltforlackofsufficientevidenceunlessthefactscontainedintherecordandanyinferenceswhichmaybedrawnfromthefactsareinsufficient,asa 5.2 matteroflaw,forarationaltrieroffacttofindthedefendantguiltybeyondareasonabledoubt.SeeStatev.{ { { { Tuggle{ { { { ,639{ { { { S.W.2d{ { { { 913,914(Tenn.1982).Wemust  reviewtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecutionindeterminingwhether anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrime   beyondareasonabledoubt.Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307,319(1979).Wedo  notreweighorreevaluatetheevidenceandarerequiredtoaffordthe{ { r sr s Ss tate{ { { { thestrongestlegitimateviewoftheproofcontainedintherecordaswellasallreasonableandlegitimateinferenceswhichmaybedrawntherefrom.SeeStatev.Cabbage,571 (  { { { { S.W.2d{ { { { 832,835(Tenn.1978).  Questionsconcerningthecredibilityofwitnesses,theweightandvaluetobegiventotheevidence,aswellasfactualissuesraisedbytheevidenceareresolvedbythetrieroffact,notthisCourt.Seeid.Aguiltyverdictrenderedbythe  juryandapprovedbythetrialjudgeaccreditsthetestimonyofthewitnessesforthe{ { state,{ { { { andapresumptionofguiltreplacesthepresumptionofinnocence.SeeState{ { v.{ { { {  H!@ Grace,493{ { { { S.W.2d{ { { { 474,476(Tenn.1973). (#    Theproofinthiscaseestablishedthatthedefendantconfessedatleasttwicetothecrimeofwhichhewasconvicted.Testimonyandphysicalevidencecorroboratedtheseconfessions.See{ { { { Ashby{ { { { v.State,139{ { { { S.W.{ { { { 872,875(1911) *#& (holdingthatconfessionscorroboratedbyotherevidence,directorcircumstantial,willsupportaconviction).Theproofofthedefendant'sguiltisnotonlysufficient,itisoverwhelming.Thisissueiswithoutmerit.  Forthereasonssetforthabove,thedefendant'sconvictionisreversedandthismatterisremandedforanewtrial. 926 Ї   L      T   _____________________________   L      T   PAULG.SUMMERS,JudgeCONCUR:___________________________DAVIDH.{ { { { WELLES{ { { { ,Judge___________________________JOEG.{ { { { RILEY{ { { { ,Judge#XYXXXYA#