ÿWPCü pŒ}õá 2s¦X`&o 2~¦’ ·~¥kМߵp Ýpõ7á<Î%1ê% Q¨*g`ÇÐ8¡>vÚì˜vé²”^©%0ûQܤxm=&Џ¿¡mb(Ë*õð%ã %ûR ˜ÕŒëA ¿Ôl‘³Žµ$ÜüÆdÇG00Fþ(Ùä‰MÑ‚±‡œO:æÐXÛÚ—ÄÞk4Ô#p)ïUÈc›ÉÅØ¾dHL§™af/6!t˜ËÛ[´Ó;.|F‡%áx9šü¬æb_0$Ì|ÄÀúÉ hJ»1,vßʼn˜Ô¢4ðŸâý&tBæºöv'5<˜'Ln`™ß¶ý tí²fëɉ9Öö_Šÿ‹Þ¶Æ¸kˆ½¯kØ›KÅ'•‰~È´Ù›4•è\vÝCÀ&§ZçQzJ6ÂVQ-ýù眵5ß Mº‚UJR Z ²f²¶ížPS:‘·^›iL„mŒ=Ìzáš3,.9ÙNU…í¶æ.z²F†È€i;þ˜`’ý2ØÖŠrÔ{6Vûì¨oÃd¦Ø .ð´#¦C°Éƒ0ö†>IÞƒ«±yƒSè26Û5Êj1Ùï¶Ù.K•:üxõÒÈäFŒp;Üb|FeKb#É\ %% UN+ 0ˆy UN 0ÑO ^ z, Ò¦ wx 4|  Ÿ Æ¡ ÆgÆ-Æó m¹NÐ 0ÅÒ 0D—EÛ 0³Ý 0­ 0§= 0¡ä 0›… 0• .µ 1uã 72XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXbŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ 1e’’’’’’’’’’’’’ 0ë÷÷÷÷ Bââ 0¤ÿ D5£ D-Ø 0K ASPÆ£ 0¤i 0D  A«Q˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL6ÒV,,,,ÒV0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular*GG ÿÿ(_16Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÓ ¨ý ÓÓ ° Ó;°s1Ï  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpth_B03|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ*AA ÿÿ(_17Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ  Ó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó*88 ÿÿ(_15Ó  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÓ  Ó*55 ÿÿ(_14Ó ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÓ ` Ó*22 ÿÿ(_13Ó ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÓ ¸ Ó*// ÿÿ(_12Ó  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÓ  Ó*,, ÿÿ(_11Ó h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó pÈ xÐ ÓÓ h Ó*)) ÿÿ(_10Ó À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€ÓppÈ xÐ ÓÓ À Ó $Ý ƒRî÷$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô§tò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔOf€course€the€State€was€not€required€to€be€so€specific€in€its€allegations€concerning€aggravated€vehicularÐ ° Ðhomicide.€€If€the€State€had€merely€alleged€that€the€vehicular€homicide€was€aggravated€within€the€meaning€of€TennesseeÐ qÁ ÐCode€Annotated€section€39„13„218,€the€appellant€would€have€been€on€notice€he€should€prepare€to€defend€against€eitherÐ 2‚ Ðmeans€of€aggravation.3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)- ù- ÿÿ35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.(|G2î÷$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€™Q»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô§tò»»Ô d(|3$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€™Q»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€™Q»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€™Q»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼™Q»»»ÔÑ8€ÄÏXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡îb^™QÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@gg$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼™Q»îîb^ #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  ÓSeptember€21,€2004€SessionÐ öF ÐÔ‡XÄÏX»¼™QÔÌò òÔ#†¼™Q»XXÄÏ#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€MICHAEL€A.€DRAKEòòóóÔ‡XÄÏX»¼™QÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Wilson€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„0898€&€98„0900€€€€€John€D.€Ô_ÔWoottenÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2003„02520„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€November€17,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡X)fXXXÄÏÔThe€appellant,€Michael€A.€Drake,€was€indicted€on€two€counts€of€vehicular€homicide€and€two€countsÐ V¦  Ðof€aggravated€vehicular€homicide.€€A€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€two€counts€of€vehicularÐ ? Ðhomicide€by€intoxication.€€In€the€second€phase€of€the€trial,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€twoÐ (x Ðcounts€of€aggravated€vehicular€homicide€based€on€one€prior€Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô€conviction€and€a€blood€alcoholÐ a Ðlevel€of€.20€or€more€at€the€time€of€the€present€offense.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€challenges€theÐ úJ Ðsufficiency€of€the€indictment€by€arguing€that€it€only€gave€notice€that€the€State€sought€to€convict€himÐ ã3 Ðof€aggravated€vehicular€homicide€based€on€two€prior€Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô€offenses.€€We€determine€that€theÐ Ì Ðindictment€is€misleading€and€deprives€the€appellant€of€adequate€notice€of€the€charges€against€himÐ µ Ðin€violation€of€the€6òòthóó€amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€1,€section€9€of€theÐ žî ÐTennessee€Constitution.€€€The€indictment€indicated€that€the€State€sought€the€aggravated€vehicularÐ ‡× Ðhomicide€convictions€solely€on€the€basis€of€the€appellantððs€two€prior€Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô€convictions€pursuant€toÐ pÀ ÐTennessee€Code€annotated€section€39„13„218(1)(a),€rather€than€one€prior€Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô€and€a€blood€alcoholÐ Y© Ðof€.20€or€more€at€the€time€of€the€offense,€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„Ð B’ Ð218(3).€€€Thus,€we€are€forced€to€dismiss€the€aggravated€vehicular€homicide€conviction,€modify€theÐ +{ Ðconviction€to€vehicular€homicide€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„213€and€remandÐ d Ðthe€case€for€Ô_ÔresentencingÔ_Ô.€€€€Ð ýM ÐÔ#†XÄÏXXX)fÌ#ÔÔ#†¼™Q»XXÄÏr#ÔÔ‡XÄÏX»¼™QÔÓÀÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€Reversed€andÐ Ï!! ÐRemanded.Ð ¹" " Ðó óÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼™Q»àXÄÏê #ÔÔ‡XÄÏX.¼™QÔJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòThomas€T.Ð Œ$Ü$ ÐÔ_ÔWoodallÔ_Ôóó,€JJ.,€joined.Ð u%Å % ÐÌGary€Ô_ÔVandeverÔ_Ô,€Lebanon,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Michael€A.€Drake.Ð G'—"' ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Elizabeth€B.€Ô_ÔMarneyÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð )i$) ÐTom€P.€Thompson,€Jr.,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Jerry€Hunt,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ *R%* ÐGeneral,€€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ë*;&+ ÐÌÔ#†¼™Q»XXÄÏØ #ÔÔ‡XÄÏX»¼™QÔÌÐ ¦-ö(.ý ÐÔ_Ô‡Ó© Óà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼™Q»XXÄϬ#ÔÔ‡XÄÏX»¼™QÔÐ ° ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼™Q»XXÄÏH#ÔÓ  Óò òòòÔ‡¼}€ »»¼™QÔà@ÃÃ!ìàóóó óà@@ÈÈ!ìàÔ€X)fX »¼}€ÔòòFactual€BackgroundóóˆÐ ƒÓ ÐÌà  àIn€the€early€morning€hours€of€August€2,€1997,€the€appellant€was€traveling€with€€Danny€Lane,Ð U¥ Ðand€Thomas€Wilkerson€in€the€appellantððs€vehicle€in€Lebanon,€Tennessee.€€All€three€men€hadÐ > Ž Ðattended€a€twenty„first€birthday€party€for€Billy€Jack€Lane,€Danny€Laneððs€brother€,earlier€that€eveningÐ ' w Ðand€all€three€men€had€been€drinking€beer€for€several€hours.€€The€appellant€and€his€passengers€metÐ  ` Ðup€with€Kate€Hays€and€Billy€Jack€Lane€at€an€auto€parts€store€near€downtown€Lebanon€at€aroundÐ ù I Ðmidnight.€€Ms.€Hays€and€Billy€Lane€attempted€to€persuade€the€appellant€to€refrain€from€drivingÐ â 2  Ðbecause€he€was€obviously€intoxicated.€€When€the€appellant€insisted€on€driving,€Billy€Lane€offeredÐ Ë   Ðto€ride€with€the€appellant.€€Danny€Lane€got€out€of€the€appellantððs€vehicle€and€into€Ms.€Haysðð€vehicle.€Ð ´  ÐMs.€Hays€slowly€drove€her€vehicle€in€front€of€the€appellantððs€vehicle€slowly,€in€an€attempt€to€leadÐ í  Ðhim€toward€his€house.€€When€the€two€vehicles€approached€a€small€hill,€the€appellantððs€car€passedÐ †Ö  ÐMs.€Haysðð€car€at€a€high€rate€of€speed.€€Ms.€Hays€and€Danny€Lane€lost€sight€of€the€appellantððs€vehicleÐ o¿  Ðmomentarily€until€they€crested€the€hill.€€By€that€time,€the€appellantððs€car€had€hit€a€tree€and€wrecked.€Ð X¨  ÐÌÌà  àThe€appellant€survived€the€accident,€suffering€a€bruised€lung€and€lacerations€on€his€left€eyeÐ c Ðand€right€leg.€€The€appellantððs€blood€alcohol€level€measured€.281.€€Both€of€the€appellantððs€passengersÐ üL Ðwere€killed€in€the€crash.€€Ð å5 ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€was€originally€indicted€on€September€9,€1997€by€the€Wilson€County€GrandÐ · ÐJury€on€two€counts€of€aggravated€vehicular€homicide.€€Those€indictments€were€dismissed€and€theÐ  ð Ðappellant€was€subsequently€re„indicted€by€the€Wilson€County€Grand€Jury€on€two€counts€of€vehicularÐ ‰Ù Ðhomicide€and€two€counts€of€aggravated€vehicular€homicide.€€Count€One€of€the€indictment€allegedÐ r Ðthat€the€appellant:Ð [« ÐÌà8  à[U]nlawfully,€and€recklessly€did€kill€Thomas€Wilkerson€by€the€operation€of€anÐ -} Ðautomobile,€the€killing€of€Thomas€Wilkerson€being€the€proximate€result€of€.€.€.€[theÐ f Ðappellantððs]€intoxication€as€operator€of€the€automobile,€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€ðð€39„Ð ÿO Ð13„213€.€.€.€.€€€Ðè 8Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àCount€Two€of€the€indictment€charging€the€appellant€with€aggravated€vehicular€homicideÐ º" ! Ðalleged€that€the€appellant:Ð £#ó" ÐÌà8  à[H]as€been€previously€convicted€of€Driving€Under€the€Influence€of€an€Intoxicant€asÐ u%Å $ Ðfollows:Ð^&®!%Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àò òDATEà0¸ Ð Ð àCOUNTYà0h¸ Ð ¸ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àCOURTà0pÀÐ ÀÐ àà0ÈpÐ pÐ àCASE€NUMBERó óÐ0(€#'ÈÐ ÈÐ  Ðà8  à01„25„94à0¸ Ð Ð àWilsonà0h¸ Ð ¸ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àGeneral€Sessionsà0ÈÀÐ ÀÐ à179„749„188Ð)j$(ÈÐ ÈÐ  Ðà8  à01„03„96à0¸ Ð Ð àWilsonà0h¸ Ð ¸ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àCriminalà0pÀÐ ÀÐ àà0ÈpÐ pÐ à95„1751Ð*S%)ÈÐ ÈÐ  Ðâ âÐ ì*<&* Ðà8  àand€has€thus€committed€the€offense€of€Aggravated€Vehicular€Homicide€by€theÐ ° Ðâ âunlawful€and€reckless€killing€of€Thomas€Wilkerson€by€the€operation€of€anÐ ™é Ðautomobile,€said€killing€being€the€proximate€result€of€Michael€Drakeððs€intoxication,Ð ‚Ò Ðin€violation€of€T.C.A.€ðððð€39„13„213€and€39„13„218€.€.€.€.€Ðk»Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àCount€Three€of€the€indictment€alleged€that€the€appellant:€Ð =  ÐÌà8  à[U]nlawfully€and€recklessly€did€kill€Billy€J.€Lane€by€the€operation€of€an€automobile,Ð  _ Ðthe€killing€of€Billy€J.€Lane€being€the€proximate€result€of€.€.€.€[the€appellantððs]Ð ø H Ðintoxication€as€operator€of€the€automobile,€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„213€.€.€.€.€Ðá 1 Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àFinally,€Count€Four€of€the€indictment€charging€the€appellant€with€a€second€count€ofÐ ³  Ðaggravated€vehicular€homicide€alleged€that€the€appellant:€Ð œì  ÐÌà8  à[H]as€been€previously€convicted€of€Driving€Under€the€Influence€of€an€Intoxicant€asÐ n¾  Ðfollows:ÐW§ Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àò òDATEà0¸ Ð Ð àCOUNTYà0h¸ Ð ¸ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àCOURTà0pÀÐ ÀÐ àà0ÈpÐ pÐ àCASE€NUMBERó óÐ)yÈÐ ÈÐ  Ðà8  à01„25„94à0¸ Ð Ð àWilsonà0h¸ Ð ¸ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àGeneral€Sessionsà0ÈÀÐ ÀÐ à179„749„188ÐcÈÐ ÈÐ  Ðà8  à01„03„96à0¸ Ð Ð àWilsonà0h¸ Ð ¸ Ð àà0ÀhÐ hÐ àCriminalà0pÀÐ ÀÐ àà0ÈpÐ pÐ à95„1751ÐüLÈÐ ÈÐ  ÐÌà8  àand€has€thus€committed€the€offense€of€Aggravated€Vehicular€Homicide€by€theÐ Î Ðunlawful€and€reckless€killing€of€Billy€J.€Lane€by€the€operation€of€an€automobile,€saidÐ · Ðkilling€being€the€proximate€result€of€.€.€.€[the€appellantððs]€intoxication,€in€violationÐ  ð Ðof€T.C.A.€ðððð€39„13„213€and€39„13„218€.€.€.€.€Ð‰ÙÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€a€jury€trial,€but€prior€to€closing€argument,€the€trial€court€determined€thatÐ [« Ðif€the€appellant€was€convicted€of€vehicular€homicide,€he€was€going€to€charge€the€jury€withÐ D” Ðaggravated€vehicular€homicide€in€accordance€with€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„218Ð -} Ðthat:Ð f ÐÌà8  à(a)€Aggravated€vehicular€homicide€is€vehicular€homicide,€as€defined€in€ðð€39„13„Ð è 8 Ð213(a)(2),€where:€(1)€The€defendant€has€two€(2)€or€more€prior€convictions€for:€(A)Ð Ñ!!  ÐDriving€under€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant;€(B)€Vehicular€assault;€or€(C)€AnyÐ º" ! Ðcombination€of€such€offenses;(2)€The€defendant€has€one€(1)€or€more€priorÐ £#ó" Ðconvictions€for€the€offense€of€vehicular€homicide;€or€(3)€There€was€at€the€time€of€theÐ Œ$Ü# Ðoffense€twenty„hundredths€of€one€percent€(.20%),€or€more,€by€weight€of€alcohol€inÐ u%Å $ Ðthe€defendantððs€blood€and€the€defendant€has€one€(1)€prior€conviction€for:€(A)€DrivingÐ ^&®!% Ðunder€the€influence€of€an€intoxicant;€or€(B)€Vehicular€assault.ÐG'—"&Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„218.Ð )i$( ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€objected€to€the€inclusion€of€section€(3),€arguing€that€the€indictment€had€onlyÐ ë*;&* Ðcharged€the€appellant€with€aggravated€vehicular€homicide€under€section€(1)(a),€that€he€had€two€priorÐ Ô+$'+ ÐDUI€convictions.€€The€trial€court€overruled€the€objection.€€The€appellant€moved€for€a€judgment€ofÐ ° Ðaquittal.€€The€trial€court€denied€the€motion€and€proceeded€to€charge€the€jury€on€the€first€two€countsÐ ™é Ðof€vehicular€homicide.€€Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  àAfter€deliberations,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€two€counts€of€vehicular€homicideÐ T¤ Ðby€intoxication.€€The€trial€then€proceeded€to€the€second€phase,€where€the€State€read€the€indictmentsÐ =  Ðcharging€the€appellant€with€aggravated€vehicular€homicide.€€The€indictments,€as€stated€previously,Ð & v Ðspecifically€relied€solely€on€the€appellantððs€two€prior€DUI€convictions€to€substantiate€the€aggravatedÐ  _ Ðvehicular€homicide€charge.€€The€State€put€on€proof€of€the€appellantððs€prior€DUI€offenses€and€theÐ ø H Ðblood€alcohol€level€at€the€time€of€the€present€offense,€trying€to€satisfy€both€Tennessee€CodeÐ á 1  ÐAnnotated€section€39„13„218(a)(1)€and€(3).€€The€appellant€objected€to€the€introduction€of€anyÐ Ê   Ðevidence€of€his€blood€alcohol€level,€arguing€that€if€it€had€been€clear€that€the€State€was€going€toÐ ³  Ðproceed€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„218(a)(1)€and€(3),€the€defense€would€haveÐ œì  Ðbeen€different.€€There€was€testimony€during€the€second€phase€of€the€trial€by€the€clerk€of€the€trialÐ …Õ  Ðcourt€that,€according€to€the€order€of€conviction,€one€of€the€appellantððs€DUI€convictions€wasÐ n¾  Ðcommitted€on€12/12/1994€and€tried€on€1/25/1994.€€This€indicated€that€the€appellant€was€tried€beforeÐ W§  Ðthe€instant€crime€was€even€committed.€€Counsel€for€the€appellant€argued€that€the€conviction€was€notÐ @ Ðvalid€based€on€the€inconsistency€in€the€order€of€conviction.€€€€Ð )y ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€proof,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€the€two€counts€ofÐ ûK Ðaggravated€vehicular€homicide€based€on€one€prior€DUI€offense€and€a€blood€alcohol€level€of€.20€orÐ ä4 Ðmore€at€the€time€of€the€present€offense.€€Implicit€in€the€jury€verdict€is€a€determination€that€one€of€theÐ Í Ðappellantððs€prior€DUI€convictions€was€found€invalid€by€the€jury.€€€€Ð ¶ ÐÌà  àAt€a€separate€sentencing€hearing,€the€appellant€was€sentenced€to€a€twenty„five€year€sentenceÐ ˆØ Ðon€each€count€of€aggravated€vehicular€homicide,€to€be€served€concurrently,€for€a€total€effectiveÐ qÁ Ðsentence€of€twenty„five€years.€€The€appellant€filed€a€timely€notice€of€appeal.€€Ð Zª ÐÌòòÓ  ÓAnalysisóóÐ ,| ÐÓà8ÓÌà  àThe€appellant€presents€this€Court€with€three€issues,€all€related€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€noticeÐ þN Ðgiven€him€by€the€indictment.€€Specifically,€the€appellant€argues€that:€(1)€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ ç 7 Ðoverruling€the€motion€for€judgment€of€aquittal;€(2)€the€court€erred€in€charging€the€jury€withÐ Ð!   ÐTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„218€in€its€entirety;€and€(3)€that€the€appellant€was€convictedÐ ¹" ! Ðof€an€offense€that€he€was€not€charged€with€in€the€indictment.€€These€errors,€argues€the€appellant,€ledÐ ¢#ò" Ðto€a€violation€of€his€constitutional€rights€to€due€process€by€denying€him€adequate€notice€of€with€whatÐ ‹$Û# Ðhe€was€charged.€€The€State€argues€that€the€indictment€was€sufficient€enough€to€allow€the€appellantÐ t%Ä $ Ðto€adequately€prepare€a€defense.€€Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  àThe€Sixth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€provides€in€pertinent€part:€ð ðIn€allÐ /(#' Ðcriminal€prosecutions,€the€accused€shall€enjoy€the€right€.€.€.€to€be€informed€of€the€nature€and€causeÐ )h$( Ðof€the€accusation.€.€..ðð€€Similarly,€Article€I,€section€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€guarantees€thatÐ *Q%) Ðð ðin€all€criminal€prosecutions,€the€accused€[has]€the€right€.€.€.€to€demand€the€nature€and€cause€of€theÐ ê*:&* Ðaccusation€against€him,€and€have€a€copy€thereof.ðð€€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€9.€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.Ð Ó+#'+ ÐHammondsóó,€30€S.W.3d€294,€297€(Tenn.€€2000).€€The€requirements€for€the€content€of€an€indictmentÐ ° Ðare€governed€by€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„13„202,€which€provides,€in€pertinent€part,Ð ™é Ðas€follows:€Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà8  àà ` à[T]he€indictment€must€state€the€facts€constituting€the€offense€in€ordinary€andÐ T¤ Ðconcise€language,€without€prolixity€or€repetition,€in€such€a€manner€as€to€enable€aÐ =  Ðperson€of€common€understanding€to€know€what€is€intended,€and€with€that€degree€ofÐ & v Ðcertainty€which€will€enable€the€court,€on€conviction,€to€pronounce€the€properÐ  _ Ðjudgment€.€.€.€.€Ðø HÐ Ð  ÐÐ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202.Ð Ê   ÐÌà  àIn€òòHammondsóó,€the€court€announced€its€ð ðrelaxation€of€common€law€pleading€requirementsÐ œì  Ðand€.€.€.€reluctance€to€elevate€form€over€substance€when€evaluating€the€sufficiency€of€indictmentsððÐ …Õ  Ðand€determined€that€an€indictment€that€achieves€its€ð ðoverriding€purpose€of€notice€to€the€accused€willÐ n¾  Ðbe€considered€sufficient€to€satisfy€both€constitutional€and€statutory€requirements.ðð€€òòHammondsóó,€30Ð W§  ÐS.W.3d€at€300.€€An€indictment€is€sufficient€to€satisfy€notice€requirements€if€it€ð ðcontains€allegationsÐ @ Ðthat€(1)€enable€the€accused€to€know€the€accusation€to€which€answer€is€required;€(2)€furnish€the€trialÐ )y Ðcourt€an€adequate€basis€for€entry€of€a€proper€judgment;€and€(3)€protect€the€accused€from€aÐ b Ðsubsequent€prosecution€for€the€same€offense.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€299€(òòcitingóó€òòHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€727).€Ð ûK ÐIndictments€need€not€conform€to€strict€pleading€requirements.€€òòSeeóó€òòHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€727.€StrictÐ ä4 Ðpleading€in€indictments€was€historically€required€because€offenses€existed€at€common€law€and€didÐ Í Ðnot€have€elements€that€were€easily€ascertainable€by€reference€to€a€statute.€€òòId.óó€at€728.Ð ¶ ÐÌÌà  àIt€is€apparent€in€the€many€decisions€following€òòHillóó€that€there€is€a€true€move€toward€relaxationÐ qÁ Ðof€the€strict€pleading€requirements.€€For€example,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€determined€thatÐ Zª Ðan€indictment€which€merely€references€the€statute€defining€the€offense€is€sufficient€and€satisfies€theÐ C“ Ðconstitutional€and€statutory€requirements€of€òòHillóó.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sledgeóó,€15€S.W.3d€93,€95€(Tenn.Ð ,| Ð2000)€(holding€an€indictment€alleging€that€the€defendant€ð ðdid€unlawfully€kill€[the€victim]€during€theÐ e Ðperpetration€of€Aggravated€Robbery,€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€39„13„202ðð€sufficient€because€itÐ þN Ðcontained€a€specific€reference€to€the€statute€which€was€ð ðsufficient€to€place€the€accused€on€notice€ofÐ ç 7 Ðthe€charged€offenseðð€even€though€it€did€not€specifically€allege€the€required€culpable€mental€state);Ð Ð!   ÐòòState€v.€Carteróó,€988€S.W.2d€145,€148€(Tenn.€1999)€(holding€that€reference€to€the€appropriate€statuteÐ ¹" ! Ðwas€sufficient€in€felony€murder€indictments€alleging€that€the€defendant€did€ð ðunlawfully€kill€[theÐ ¢#ò" Ðvictims]€during€the€perpetration€of€Aggravated€Robbery,€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€39„13„202ðð);€òòRuffÐ ‹$Û# Ðv.€Stateóó,€978€S.W.2d€95,€100€(Tenn.€1998)€(holding€that€ð ðan€indictment€which€cites€the€pertinentÐ t%Ä $ Ðstatute€and€uses€its€language€will€be€sufficient€to€support€a€convictionðð).Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  àFurther,€an€indictment€need€not€allege€the€specific€theory€or€means€by€which€the€StateÐ /(#' Ðintends€to€prove€each€element€of€an€offense€to€achieve€the€overriding€purpose€of€notice€to€theÐ )h$( Ðaccused.€€òòSeeóó€òòHammondsóó,€30€S.W.3d€at€302€(holding€that€an€indictment€for€aggravated€assault€wasÐ *Q%) Ðsufficient€because€it€alleged€the€appropriate€òòmensóó€òòreaóó,€the€assault€and€the€use€of€a€weapon,€evenÐ ê*:&* Ðthough€the€indictment€failed€to€indicate€whether€the€State€intended€to€prove€the€underlying€assaultÐ Ó+#'+ Ðwas€committed€by€bodily€injury,€reasonable€fear€of€imminent€bodily€injury,€or€offensive€physicalÐ ° Ðconduct);€òòWyatt€v.€Stateóó,€24€S.W.3d€319,€324€(Tenn.€2000)€(upholding€the€validity€of€an€indictmentÐ ™é Ðinvolving€attempt€which€cited€the€relevant€statute€but€made€ð ðno€reference€to€the€attempt€statuteððsÐ ‚Ò Ðnumbered€subsections€nor€[did]€it€specify€a€specific€act€or€course€of€conduct€constituting€theÐ k» Ðððattempt€to€killðððð);€òòState€v.€Lemacksóó,€996€S.W.2d€166,€172€(Tenn.€1999)€(holding€that€the€indictmentÐ T¤ Ðfor€driving€under€the€influence€provided€sufficient€notice€and€that€ð ð[t]he€theories€available€to€supportÐ =  Ða€conviction€of€that€offense€were€not€required€to€be€included€in€the€indictmentðð).Ð & v ÐÌà  àThe€indictment€in€the€case€herein€is€distinguishable€from€the€indictments€in€the€cases€setÐ ø H Ðforth€above.€€òòóóIt€was€sufficient€to€provide€notice€that€the€appellant€was€charged€with€aggravatedÐ á 1  Ðvehicular€homicide€by€reason€of€having€two€prior€DUI€convictions.€€However,€because€it€containedÐ Ê   Ða€specific€reference€to€the€statute€allegedly€violated€by€relying€on€a€very€specific€theory€ofÐ ³  Ðaggravation€for€the€vehicular€homicide€to€the€exclusion€of€other€means€of€aggravation,€theÐ œì  Ðindictment€fails€to€give€adequate€notice€of€the€theory€of€aggravation€upon€which€the€State€wouldÐ …Õ  Ðultimately€rely€to€prove€aggravated€vehicular€homicide€so€that€the€appellant€could€prepare€anÐ n¾  Ðadequate€defense.€The€indictment€only€notified€the€appellant€that€the€State€would€attempt€to€proveÐ W§  Ðaggravated€vehicular€homicide€by€utilizing€his€two€prior€DUI€convictions€under€Tennessee€CodeÐ @ ÐAnnotated€section€39„13„218(1)׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×.€€The€indictment€made€no€mention€of€the€use€of€the€appellantððsÐ )y Ðblood€alcohol€level.€€As€is€evidenced€by€the€jury€verdict,€the€appellant€was€successful€in€preparingÐ b Ða€defense€to€the€indictment€as€written,€because€the€jury,€when€presented€with€the€option€to€find€theÐ ûK Ðappellant€guilty€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„218€by€either€utilizing€the€two€priorÐ ä4 ÐDUI€convictions€or€one€prior€DUI€conviction€coupled€with€a€blood€alcohol€level€of€.20€or€more€inÐ Í Ðthe€present€offense,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€not€guilty€of€aggravated€vehicular€homicide€byÐ ¶ Ðutilizing€only€the€two€prior€DUI€offenses.€€Even€though€the€indictment€did€include€the€general€factsÐ Ÿï Ðconstituting€the€offense€(including€an€allegation€that€the€appellant€was€intoxicated€at€the€time€of€theÐ ˆØ Ðoffense),€including€the€name€of€the€appellant,€the€date€of€the€alleged€offense,€the€statute€violated,Ð qÁ Ðand€the€two€prior€DUI€convictions,€the€indictment€did€not€indicate€that€the€appellant€had€a€bloodÐ Zª Ðalcohol€level€of€.20€or€more€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€While€we€are€mindful€that€the€State€is€notÐ C“ Ðrequired€to€allege€the€specific€theory€or€means€by€which€the€State€intends€to€prove€each€element€ofÐ ,| Ðan€offense,€òòseeóó€òòWyatt€v.€Stateóó,€24€S.W.3d€319€(Tenn.€2000),€the€case€herein€presents€a€differentÐ e Ðscenario€that€is€distinguishable€from€existing€case€law.€€The€indictment€herein€affirmatively€misledÐ þN Ðthe€appellant€as€to€the€method€by€which€the€State€would€attempt€to€prove€aggravated€vehicularÐ ç 7 Ðhomicide.€€This€case€is€more€analogous€to€the€case€of€òòState€v.€Goodsonóó,€77€S.W.3d€240€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ð!   ÐApp.€2001).€€In€òòGoodsonóó,€the€defendant€was€indicted€for€driving€on€a€revoked€drivers€license€inÐ ¹" ! Ðviolation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€55„50„504€which€prohibits€driving€on€a€suspended,Ð ¢#ò" Ðrevoked,€or€cancelled€license.€€The€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€driving€on€a€suspended€license.€Ð ‹$Û# ÐòòGoodsonóó,€77€S.W.3d€at€244.€€However,€the€proof€at€trial€demonstrated€that€the€defendantððs€licenseÐ t%Ä $ Ðwas€in€reality€merely€suspended.€€Finding€that€ð ðrevocationðð€and€ð ðsuspensionðð€have€legally€districtÐ ]&­!% Ðmeanings,€this€Court€held€that€after€an€indictment€has€been€returned€its€charge€may€not€be€broadenedÐ F'–"& Ðexcept€by€action€of€the€grand€jury,€and€that€an€indictment€which€specifically€charged€one€means€ofÐ ° Ðviolating€a€statute€could€not€support€a€conviction€based€on€proof€of€another€means€of€violating€thatÐ ™é Ðstatute.€€òòIdóó.€at€245.€€Otherwise€the€defendantððs€due€process€rights€to€adequate€notice€of€the€chargesÐ ‚Ò Ðagainst€him€would€be€violated.€€òòIdóó.€at€244.€€The€Stateððs€affirmative€decision€in€the€case€herein€toÐ k» Ðindict€the€appellant€in€such€a€specific€manner€and€then€proceed€at€the€second€phase€of€trial€to€offerÐ T¤ Ðan€additional€theory,€to€wit,€one€prior€DUI€conviction€and€a€blood€alcohol€level€of€.20€or€more€at€theÐ =  Ðtime€of€the€present€offense,€prevented€the€appellant€from€preparing€an€adequate€defense€to€theÐ & v Ðcharge.€€There€was€no€need€for€the€appellant€herein€to€seek€a€bill€of€particulars€as€suggested€by€theÐ  _ Ðcourt€in€òòHammondsóó,€as€the€record€demonstrates€that€the€appellant€reasonably€thought€he€knewÐ ø H Ðprecisely€with€what€he€was€charged€and€prepared€his€defense€accordingly.€30€S.W.3d€at€303.€€It€wasÐ á 1  Ðnot€until€the€closing€arguments€that€the€appellant€learned€that€the€State€would€attempt€to€proveÐ Ê   Ðaggravated€vehicular€homicide€under€both€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„218(1)(a)€andÐ ³  Ð(3).€Ð œì  Ðà  àÌà  àAccordingly,€we€determine€that€the€appellant€was€not€provided€with€adequate€notice€of€theÐ n¾  Ðoffense€charged€in€the€indictment,€such€that€he€could€prepare€an€adequate€defense.€€For€that€reasonÐ W§  Ðalone,€we€must€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court,€dismiss€the€aggravated€vehicular€homicideÐ @ Ðconviction,€modify€the€conviction€to€vehicular€homicide€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÐ )y Ð39„13„213,€and€remand€the€case€for€resentencing.€€Ð b ÐÌòòÓ  ÓConclusionóóÐ ä4 ÐÓ^jÓÌà  àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court,€dismiss€the€aggravatedÐ ¶ Ðvehicular€homicide€conviction,€modify€the€conviction€to€vehicular€homicide€under€Tennessee€CodeÐ Ÿï ÐAnnotated€section€39„13„213,€and€remand€the€case€for€resentencing.€€Ð ˆØ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌÔ#†XÄÏXXX)f¸#ÔÔ‡X)fXXXÄÏÔÌÔ#†XÄÏXXX)fal#ÔÔ‡X)fXXXÄÏÔÌÔ#†XÄÏXXX)f¤l#ÔÔ‡X)fXXXÄÏÔà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌÔ#†XÄÏXXX)fçl#Ôà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð e Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE