ÿWPC ’SéÚ{±bˆ $Y›0\þæ‘Z(Rí·al¦~÷·–Í?Ñ­`Nû~†‚ ç܂܇Ž|™Šã‘_Сã× Xµbž~eAPÑÎ8ÆVpê(q-çìþ/˜”Nl¸ s½G"£pBßgò sB,÷1âËøSŸÍŒç×,¯ Jû®Q Úœ¢jhá°Ú¥ŒeÅæKP×›‚x6Ù¥NœYN|¥¥_î§côž£ØÍÆH÷tK•UŒe[ˆ±¸¾®zn°#*T2ÿùv\šñƒÐ°Qzé–õ0¨O»ÄÕH°âÝ€_OsÆö%jþ¼‰4¤µ©Æ¡jý Û¥º,ëÊ©C÷ä½2QZ{øÝ_-s6Z¿9ê>É@;æµ Tî—„j¥~ ” aņÞÅ£q'4MÿÆ[°1Õ‹‚ ”ó4C¢ "íX†©õr0ìNR¶Ù‡L| rym–Λ‚öÓ–° ^zõÅKm쮢°£ò~Ý‘rB¨&½ûP¢–Þ¡4®E‰±§Æu7~Æ¨Šµõçáà±é}ïuöƒ òή¾×,ެS¶¹À&£ g|@˜,ŸPW}´Í­ÐsÙ]Tû.<Ì[ œ­|{“õƒb %\^ b 0ˆnU,NöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÁÐ U@‘ ÆÑ Æ— Æ] Æ#éNñññEóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóóbõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõõ 0ëýýýý Bèè 0¤ D5© D-Þ 0K   ASVÆ© 0¤o 0D A«W»Œ¡-s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular3j1,bk2,EW3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 - ù-(|G2Å©$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€å»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¯íò»»Ô d(|3ÿ}$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€å»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ÿ}$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€å»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€å»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼å»»»ÔÑ8€K9XXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î¤î»¼åÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼å»îî¤ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓJuly€23,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔÌò òÔ#†¼å»XXK9û#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€GROVER€LEE€Ô_ÔDUNIGANÔ_ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€217588€€€€€€Stephen€M.€Ô_ÔBevilÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2002„00108„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐAugust€29,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant€was€indicted€for€first€degree€murder€and€convicted€by€a€Hamilton€County€jury€of€theÐ xÈ  Ðlesser„included€offense€of€second€degree€murder.€€He€was€sentenced€to€25€years€imprisonment.€€InÐ d´ Ðthis€appeal,€the€defendant€contends€(1)€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€his€conviction;€andÐ P  Ð(2)€the€trial€court€improperly€limited€cross„examination€of€a€state€witness€regarding€bias.€€AfterÐ <Œ Ðreview,€we€affirm.Ð (x ÐÓáÓÓ  ÓÔ#†¼å»XXK9#ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔÌÔ#†¼å»XXK9.#ÔÓÿÓÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€AffirmedÔ#†¼å»XXK9#ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔó óÐ P ÐÓÓÌÓKÓÓ  ÓÔ#†¼å»XXK9#ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔòòJoe€G.€Riley,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€WellesóóÔ#†¼å»XXK9›#ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔ€and€òòJerry€L.€Smith,óóÐ Ø( ÐJJ.,€joined.Ô#†¼å»XXK97 #ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔÐ Ä ÐÔ#†¼å»XXK9´ #ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔà  àÌLee€Davis€(at€trial)€and€Bryan€H.€Ô_ÔHossÔ_Ô€(on€appeal),€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,Ð œì ÐGrover€Lee€Ô_ÔDuniganÔ_Ô.Ð ˆØ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Peter€M.€Ô_ÔCoughlanÔ_ÔÔ#†¼å»XXK9 #ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔ,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð `° ÐWilliam€H.€Cox,€IIIÔ#†¼å»XXK9— #ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔ,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Barry€A.€Steelman€and€Christopher€D.€Poole,Ô#†¼å»XXK9 #ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔÐ L œ ÐAssistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.€€Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÌÓlÓÔ#†¼å»XXK9¬ #ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔÌò òÓ  ÓOPINIONó óÔ#†¼å»XXK9v #ÔÔ‡XK9X»¼åÔÐ ü#L# ÐÓ™ ÓÌà@¥¥(ìàò òFACTSó óˆÐ Ô%$!% ÐÌÔ#†¼å»XXK9Ò #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XK9X»¼åÔà  àÔ_ÔRayshannÔ_Ô€Underwood€testified€the€victim,€the€defendant,€and€a€group€of€friends€were€at€hisÐ ¬'ü"' Ðhouse€drinking€and€gambling€on€the€evening€of€July€11,€1997.€€Underwood€stated€the€game€wasÐ ˜(è#( Ðstopped€when€two€police€cars€drove€by€his€residence.€€Underwood€stated€he€then€heard€ð ða€littleÐ „)Ô$) Ðaltercationðð€at€the€side€of€the€house€between€the€victim€and€the€defendant.€€He€explained€he€thoughtÐ p*À%* Ðit€would€not€ð ðlead€up€to€anything;ðð€there€was€just€ð ðloud€talking;ðð€and€there€was€no€physicalÐ \+¬&+ Ðaltercation.€€Underwood€testified€he€walked€inside€the€house€and€heard€one€gunshot.€€He€explainedÐ H,˜', Ðthe€defendant€had€recently€bought€a€.38€pistol€which€he€ð ðÔ_Ôflash[edÔ_Ô]ðð€around€with€ð ðcockiness.ðð€€Ð 4-„(-ýà Їà  àMarcus€Sales,€Underwoodððs€older€brother,€testified€he€arrived€home€at€approximately€10:30Ð ° Ðp.m.€on€the€night€of€the€shooting;€he€entered€the€residence;€he€heard€a€shot€within€fifteen€minutesÐ œì Ðof€his€arrival;€he€exited€the€residence;€he€saw€the€victim€stagger€and€fall;€and€he€saw€several€peopleÐ ˆØ Ðdisperse.€€He€further€testified€he€saw€nothing€in€the€victim's€hand.€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àInvestigator€Ralph€Freeman€testified€that€while€on€routine€patrol€he€heard€a€shot,€andÐ L œ Ðsomeone€ran€in€front€of€his€cruiser.€€Freeman€stated€he€heard€screaming,€called€EMS€and€backup,Ð 8 ˆ Ðexited€his€cruiser,€and€ran€to€the€victim.€€An€off„duty€EMS€employee€rendered€aid,€and€FreemanÐ $ t Ðfound€no€weapon€on,€near,€or€around€the€victim.€€Freeman€estimated€he€was€on€the€scene€withinÐ  ` Ðseconds€of€hearing€the€shot.€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àEdward€Moore,€Jr.,€a€friend€of€the€victim€and€the€defendant,€testified€he€was€gambling€atÐ Ô$  ÐUnderwoodððs€residence€on€the€day€of€the€shooting.€€Moore€stated€the€defendant€and€victim€beganÐ À  Ðarguing€on€the€porch€and€progressed€to€the€side€of€the€house;€he€followed€them€and€attempted€toÐ ¬ü  Ðbreak€them€up.€€Moore€stated€he€then€saw€the€defendant€push€the€victim,€step€backwards€a€few€steps,Ð ˜è  Ðand€pull€his€pistol.€€Moore€said€he€turned€away,€heard€the€victim€say€ð ðI€donððt€care€about€that€gun,"Ð „Ô  Ðand€immediately€heard€one€shot.€€Moore€testified€he€then€saw€the€defendant€run€across€the€street€andÐ pÀ Ðalmost€hit€a€police€cruiser.€€Moore€stated€the€defendant€owned€a€.38€revolver,€which€he€would€wieldÐ \¬ Ðand€say,€ð ðI€got€[sic]€something€for€one€of€you€young€Ô_ÔmotherfÔ_Ô„„„Ô_ÔersÔ_Ô€if€you€mess€with€me;ðð€he€saw€theÐ H˜ Ðdefendant€with€the€gun€earlier€on€the€day€of€the€shooting;€he€had€not€seen€the€victim€with€a€weapon;Ð 4„ Ðand€he€did€not€see€the€victim€attempt€to€hit€or€harm€the€defendant.€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Moore€conceded€he€had€been€convicted€of€theft,€selling€cocaine,€andÐ øH Ðhad€been€placed€on€probation;€he€was€then€arrested€on€other€cocaine€charges;€these€and€other€chargesÐ ä4 Ðwere€still€pending;€and€he€was€on€an€ð ðO.R.€bond.ðð€€He€testified€that€although€he€drank€beer€andÐ Ð  Ðsmoked€marijuana€all€day€prior€to€the€shooting,€it€had€no€effect€on€his€memory.€€Moore€concededÐ ¼  Ðhe€told€officers€four€days€following€the€shooting€that€the€gunshot€was€fired€ð ð[Ô_Ôp]robablyÔ_Ô€about€15Ð ¨ø Ðsecondsðð€after€the€defendant€wielded€the€gun.€€Moore€denied€he€was€testifying€favorably€for€the€stateÐ ”ä Ðfor€the€prospect€of€receiving€assistance€regarding€those€charges.€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àChattanooga€Police€Officer€Edwin€Duke€testified€he€videotaped€the€crime€scene€and€foundÐ X ¨ Ðno€firearms€nor€shell€casings.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àDr.€Frank€King€testified€the€victim€died€from€a€gunshot€wound€to€the€head€fired€from€aÐ #l! Ðdistance€greater€than€two€feet.€€Dr.€King€stated€the€bullet€fragments€recovered€from€the€victim€wereÐ $X" Ðfired€from€a€.38€caliber€pistol.€€Dr.€King€further€testified€the€victimððs€hands€were€not€on€or€near€theÐ ô$D # Ðgun€barrel€when€it€was€fired€because€they€exhibited€no€signs€of€heat€or€blast€injury.€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€did€not€testify€at€trial.€€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðà@  ìàò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€his€conviction€for€secondÐ ˆØ Ðdegree€murder,€arguing,€at€most,€the€evidence€could€only€support€a€conviction€of€voluntaryÐ tÄ Ðmanslaughter.€€We€disagree.€€Ð `° ÐÌò òA.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌÔ‡ XK9XXXK9Ôà  àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€does€not€Ô_ÔreweighÔ_Ô€or€reevaluate€theÐ  ` Ðevidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€A€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trialÐ ü L  Ðjudge€accredits€the€state's€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔBigbeeÔ_Ôóó,Ð è 8  Ð885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.€1994).€€On€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€viewÐ Ô$  Ðof€the€evidence€and€all€legitimate€or€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòId.óó€ThisÐ À  Ðcourt€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€due€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€unless€the€defendantÐ ¬ü  Ðdemonstrates€that€the€facts€contained€in€the€record€and€the€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefromÐ ˜è  Ðare€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€accused€guilty€beyond€aÐ „Ô  Ðreasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,€19€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1996).€€Accordingly,€it€isÐ pÀ Ðthe€appellate€court's€duty€to€affirm€the€conviction€if€the€evidence,€viewed€under€these€standards,€wasÐ \¬ Ðsufficient€for€any€rational€trier€of€fact€to€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€aÐ H˜ Ðreasonable€doubt.€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,Ð 4„ Ð2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560€(1979);€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔCazesÔ_Ôóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994).€€Ô#†XK9XX XK9°"#ÔÐ  p ÐÌò òB.€€Analysisó óÐ øH ÐÌà  àThe€jury€rejected€the€charged€offense€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder€and€convicted€theÐ Ð  Ðdefendant€of€the€lesser„included€offense€of€second€degree€murder.€€The€Tennessee€Code€definesÐ ¼  Ðsecond€degree€murder€as€ð ð[a]€knowing€killing€of€another.€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1).€Ð ¨ø ÐA€ð ðknowingðð€killing€is€one€in€which€the€defendant€acts€with€an€awareness€that€his€conduct€isÐ ”ä Ðreasonably€certain€to€cause€the€death€of€the€victim.€€òòSee€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(20);€òòStateÐ €Ð Ðv.€Ô_ÔDuckerÔ_Ôóó,€27€S.W.3d€889,€896€(Tenn.€2000).€€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àThe€evidence€viewed€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€state€establishes€the€following€facts:€theÐ D!” Ðdefendant€acquired€the€murder€weapon€within€two€weeks€of€the€murder;€during€those€two€weeks,Ð 0"€  Ðhe€wielded€the€weapon€threatening€any€ð ðyoung€Ô_ÔmotherfÔ_Ô„„„Ô_ÔersÔ_Ôðð€that€ð ðÔ_Ômess[edÔ_Ô]€with€[him];ðð€theÐ #l! Ðdefendant€and€the€victim€argued€verbally;€during€their€argument,€the€defendant€pushed€the€victimÐ $X" Ðand€wielded€his€pistol;€and€the€unarmed€victim€made€no€threatening€moves€toward€the€defendantÐ ô$D # Ðprior€to€the€defendant's€shooting€the€victim€with€the€.38€caliber€pistol.€€Whether€a€homicide€is€secondÐ à%0!$ Ðdegree€murder€or€voluntary€manslaughter€is€a€question€for€the€jury.€€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€909€S.W.2dÐ Ì&"% Ð461,€464€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1995).€€Based€on€the€evidence,€the€jury€could€reasonably€conclude€theÐ ¸'#& Ðdefendant€knowingly€killed€the€victim.€€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðà@üüìàò òII.€€CROSS„EXAMINATIONó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€improperly€limited€his€inquiry€into€the€pending€chargesÐ ˆØ Ðof€state€witness€Edward€Moore.€€Again,€we€disagree.€€Ð tÄ ÐÌò òA.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ L œ ÐÌà  àThe€propriety,€scope,€manner,€and€control€of€the€examination€of€witnesses€are€matters€withinÐ $ t Ðthe€discretion€of€the€trial€judge€and€will€not€be€disturbed€in€the€absence€of€an€abuse€of€that€discretion.€Ð  ` ÐòòState€v.€Ô_ÔDishmanÔ_Ôóó,€915€S.W.2d€458,€463€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔMeeksÔ_Ôóó,€876€S.W.2d€121,Ð ü L  Ð128€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1993).€€Testimony€regarding€possible€bias€of€a€witness€is€admissible€pursuantÐ è 8  Ðto€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€616€which€provides€that€a€witness€may€be€cross-examined€as€to€biasÐ Ô$  Ðor€prejudice€against€a€party.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Reidóó,€882€S.W.2d€423,€428€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1994).€Ð À  ÐFurther,€cross-examination€as€to€bias€of€a€witness€involves€the€constitutional€right€of€confrontation.€Ð ¬ü  ÐòòSeeóó€òòDavis€v.€Alaskaóó,€415€U.S.€308,€316-17,€94€S.€Ct.€1105,€1110,€39€L.€Ed.€2d€347€(1974);€òòReidóó,€882Ð ˜è  ÐS.W.2d€at€428.€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌò òB.€€Analysisó óÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€improperly€disallowed€questioning€regarding€MooreððsÐ 4„ Ðrelease€on€his€own€recognizance€while€awaiting€the€pending€charges.€€Initially,€we€note€the€defendantÐ  p Ðfailed€to€include€this€issue€in€his€motion€for€new€trial€and€failed€to€make€reference€to€the€trialÐ  \ Ðtranscript.€€Ô‡ XK9XXXK9ÔThus,€the€issue€is€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e);€Tenn.€Ct.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€R.€10(b)Ô#†XK9XX XK9Ý8#ÔÔ‡ XK9XXXK9Ô;òò€óóÔ#†XK9XX XK99#ÔÔ‡ XK9XXXK9ÔòòStateÐ øH Ðv.€Ô_ÔSchallerÔ_Ôóó,€975€S.W.2d€313,€318€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1997);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7)€andÐ ä4 Ð(g).Ô#†XK9XX XK9Ù9#ÔÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àRegardless€of€waiver,€the€record€clearly€reflects€defense€counsel€fully€and€forcefully€cross„Ð ¨ø Ðexamined€Moore€regarding€his€pending€charges,€and€the€witness€testified€he€was€released€on€an€o.r.Ð ”ä Ðbond.€Defense€counsel€conceded€he€was€not€suggesting€that€an€agreement€between€the€witness€andÐ €Ð Ðthe€state€had€been€reached€as€to€promises€of€leniency.€€Furthermore,€the€trial€court€specifically€statedÐ l¼ Ðdefense€counsel€could€ð ðask€him€if€any€promises€or€deals€have€been€made€to€him€in€that€regard,€andÐ X ¨ ÐI€will€let€you€bring€out€the€motive€for€testifying€or€the€bias.€.€.€.ðð€€We€see€no€abuse€of€discretion€byÐ D!” Ðthe€trial€court.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ¸'#& Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE