ÿWPCe yOüY+p¥Oi³¯Ok³vwuøðÙž”y ƒ²*ð”ÂÈ#ûHén»ö²©¡±©Æ‚Çdc5öF÷yO›¹Xt–& $°à¨N÷ó½·Q©?ǽSO9*ûbÓ:3Tr‘=gTæò`t˜ ~¯õ‡“Öì”äF:æóf²kÁöðniaä`xø1Ž¡»Ê-*ÿåÈ‹#j0šë@:ß[{iüÇ †qP+5Vìs§ì nã,vôÎÊÂ( z^™ñ½ã-Wb0çó"]èS\1R4Ó ³M!3Š%‰“ºí ´}*¹mKÞ ¾ÆÄ³ìHŽž†ÉÕÃg„\ù¢%²~²¸ø¾uÕ DΜX‹Ð—¸©R™C™+8þ>05¤WeÙ.oŒåbìwð×D R<2J‹Æ³,è&몖(¤¢ÊÔ ‹ÚôF‹ìñxòR#•<¼Ò…ü ÄÆãŠmÐFg)7 Aû@û|a»\ È­ÕAªÉ©ºg¾qGOçu¿øè£N‹UMxÅ 1ÌwÛe ’"Í 2—MÔ¯É—Ý ŽÊQQÖŽ£7V‘î³F¢4ñ×™M˜Ÿ†ËíÑdIè œo0\ AU¯/ÙcóŽÖA\óœzÕ8"°kc9peïb#É\ %% UN+ 0ˆy UN ^ O w[ z_ ÒÙ 4« ¿ Î mÐ Æç Æ­ ÆsÆ9 0DÿNCCEEXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXbZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ 0ëbbbb BMM 0¤j D3 D-A 0Knn AS¹Æ  0¤Ò 0Dv A«º˜\\IB01S01\CLERK4NASÒV,,,,ÒV0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularO…—/Ï  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptlz/ê:i¢×+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ý ƒRñÏ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¥4ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAlthough€the€caption€in€the€defendantððs€brief€for€this€issue€states€that€he€is€challenging€the€sufficiency€ofÐ ° Ðevidence€for€all€three€convictions,€the€brief€makes€no€argument€with€respect€to€the€Ô_ÔfirearmÔ_Ô€possession€conviction.€Ð qÁ ÐNevertheless,€we€will€address€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€with€respect€to€that€conviction.- ù-(|G2ñÏ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€˜»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¥4ò»»Ô d(|3?$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€˜»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€˜»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€˜»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼˜»»»ÔÑ8€ËXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡îr^˜ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@gg$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼˜»îîr^ #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€à @ àà @` àAugust€13,€2003Ð öF ÐÔ‡XËX»¼˜ÔÌò òÔ#†¼˜»XXË #ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€JAMES€D.€DYEòòóóÔ‡XËX»¼˜Ôó óÐ ï? ÐÌò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Rutherford€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€48780€€€€€€James€K.€Clayton,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2002„01885„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€23,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡X4®XXXËÔThe€defendant,€James€Dye,€was€convicted€in€a€bench€trial€of€two€counts€of€aggravated€assaultÐ V¦  Ðthrough€use€or€display€of€a€firearm,€and€one€court€of€possession€of€a€firearm€for€the€purpose€of€usingÐ ? Ðit€in€the€commission€of€an€offense€to€wit:€aggravated€assault.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„102;Ð (x Ð39„17„1307.€€He€received€a€three„year€sentence€for€each€aggravated€assault€conviction€and€a€one„Ð a Ðyear€sentence€for€the€possession€of€a€firearm€offense,€all€to€be€served€concurrently€for€an€effectiveÐ úJ Ðsentence€of€three€years€as€a€standard€Range€I€offender.€€In€this€appeal,€the€defendant€presents€twoÐ ã3 Ðissues:€(1)€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€his€convictions;€and€(2)€whether€convictionsÐ Ì Ðfor€aggravated€assault€and€possession€of€a€firearm€for€use€in€an€aggravated€assault,€under€theÐ µ Ðcircumstances€presented€in€this€case,€violated€the€defendantððs€rights€under€the€double€jeopardyÐ žî Ðprovisions€of€the€federal€and€state€constitutions.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record€in€this€caseÐ ‡× Ðand€the€applicable€authorities€we€find€no€reversible€error€and€therefore€AFFIRM€the€judgments€ofÐ pÀ Ðthe€trial€court.Ð Y© ÐÔ#†XËXXX4®¶#ÔÔ#†¼˜»XXËŽ#ÔÔ‡XËX»¼˜ÔÌÓªÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Trial€Court€are€Affirmed.ó óÐ d ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼˜»àXËj #ÔÔ‡XËX.¼˜ÔJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,óó€and€òòDavid€G.Ð ç 7  ÐHayes,€J.óó,€joined.Ð Ð! ! ÐÌJeffrey€S.€Burton,€Assistant€Public€Defender,€for€the€appellant,€James€Dye.Ð ¢#ò# ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€J.€Ross€Dyer,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€BillÐ t%Ä % ÐÔ_ÔWhitesellÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€John€E.€Price,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€theÐ ]&­!& Ðappellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð F'–"' ÐÌÌÌÌÌÓ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼˜»XXË: #ÔÐ ¥-õ(.ý ÐÔ_Ô‡òòóóÓ  ÓòòÔ€XËX»¼˜Ôà@ÃÃ!ìàFactual€BackgroundóóˆÐ ° ÐÌÓÓà  àòòÔ‡X4®XXXËÔóóÌÓÓà  àOn€the€morning€of€May€25,€1999,€the€defendant€went€to€the€apartment€of€his€ex„girlfriend,Ð T¤ ÐCuffey€Walters.€€According€to€Ms.€Walters,€Matt€McGaugh€and€Brian€Stancliff€were€present€insideÐ =  Ðher€apartment€that€day.€€When€Ms.€Walters€answered€the€door,€the€defendant€told€her€that€he€wantedÐ & v Ðto€talk€to€her€and€take€her€to€visit€some€ð ðpersonal€places.ððÐ  _ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€informed€Ms.€Walters€that€ð ðhe€was€carrying.ðð€€He€then€pulled€out€his€.45Ð á 1  Ðcaliber€handgun€and€held€it€up€in€the€air.€€The€defendant€told€Ms.€Walters€that€she€needed€to€go€getÐ Ê   Ðher€gun,€because€she€may€have€to€defend€herself.€€Throughout€this€incident,€Mr.€Stancliff€wasÐ ³  Ðwatching€from€inside€of€the€apartment.€€When€he€saw€the€defendant€pull€the€gun,€Mr.€Stancliff€calledÐ œì  Ðthe€police.Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àWhen€the€police€arrived,€the€defendant€forced€Ms.€Walters€back€into€the€apartment.€€As€theÐ W§  Ðdefendant€entered€the€apartment,€Mr.€Stancliff€hit€him€with€the€door.€€The€three€began€to€struggle,Ð @ Ðduring€which€time€the€defendant€was€disarmed.€€When€the€police€entered€the€apartment,€theyÐ )y Ðstruggled€with€the€defendant€for€about€two€minutes.€€After€finally€subduing€the€defendant€andÐ b Ðplacing€him€under€arrest,€the€officers€found€another€handgun,€a€.38€caliber€pistol,€on€his€person.€€TheÐ ûK Ðofficer€also€found€an€assault€rifle€and€another€gun€in€the€defendantððs€car.Ð ä4 Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àÌÌà@’’ìàòòSufficiency€of€the€EvidenceóóˆÐ Ÿï ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€used€to€convict€him€of€two€countsÐ qÁ Ðof€aggravated€assault€and€the€possession€of€a€firearm€with€the€intent€to€use€it€in€the€commission€ofÐ Zª Ða€felony.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Specifically,€the€defendant€argues€that€there€is€no€evidence€from€which€a€rational€trier€ofÐ C“ Ðfact,€in€this€case€the€trial€judge,€could€conclude€that€the€defendantððs€actions€caused€Ms.€Walters€orÐ ,| ÐMr.€Stancliff€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„101(a)(2).Ð e ÐÌà  àWhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€is€obliged€to€reviewÐ ç 7 Ðthat€claim€according€to€certain€well-settled€principles.€A€verdict€of€guilty,€rendered€by€a€jury€andÐ Ð!   Ðð ðapproved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€theðð€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€allÐ ¹" ! Ðconflicts€in€the€testimony€in€favor€of€the€State.€€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€Ð ¢#ò" ÐòòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€€Thus,€although€the€accused€is€originally€cloakedÐ ‹$Û# Ðwith€a€presumption€of€innocence,€the€jury€verdict€of€guilty€removes€this€presumption€ð ðand€replacesÐ t%Ä $ Ðit€with€one€of€guilt.ðð€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€Hence,€on€appeal,€theÐ ]&­!% Ðburden€of€proof€rests€with€the€defendant€to€demonstrate€the€insufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€Ð F'–"& ÐòòId.óó€The€relevant€question€the€reviewing€court€must€answer€is€whether€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldÐ /(#' Ðhave€found€the€accused€guilty€of€every€element€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð ° ÐR.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€at€75.€In€making€this€decision,€we€are€to€accord€the€State€ð ðtheÐ ™é Ðstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€mayÐ ‚Ò Ðbe€drawn€therefrom.ðð€òòSeeóó€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.€As€such,€this€Court€is€precluded€from€re„Ð k» Ðweighing€or€reconsidering€the€evidence€in€evaluating€the€convicting€proof.€€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€929Ð T¤ ÐS.W.2d€380,€383€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð =  ÐApp.€1990).€€€Moreover,€we€may€not€substitute€our€own€ð ðinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€ofÐ & v Ðfact€from€circumstantial€evidence.ðð€òòMatthewsóó,€805€at€779.Ð  _ ÐÌà  àThe€indictment€charges€in€two€separate€counts€that€the€defendant€knowingly€caused€Ms.Ð á 1  ÐWalters€and€Mr.€Stancliff€ð ðto€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury€by€use€or€display€of€a€deadlyÐ Ê   Ðweapon,€to€wit:€A€FIREARM€.€.€.€.ðð€€These€counts€charge€aggravated€assault€as€that€offense€isÐ ³  Ðdefined€at€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sections€39„13„101(a)(2)€and€39„13„102(a)(1)(B).Ð œì  ÐÌà  àIn€this€case€the€evidence€shows€that€the€defendant€pulled€a€.45€caliber€pistol€and€threatenedÐ n¾  Ðboth€Ms.€Walters€and€Mr.€Stancliff.€€Both€victims€testified€that€they€were€afraid€of€the€defendant.€Ð W§  ÐIt€is€reasonable€to€infer€that€the€fear€experienced€by€individuals€being€threatened€with€a€.45€caliberÐ @ Ðpistol€is€a€reasonable€fear€of€imminent€bodily€injury.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð )y ÐÌà@  ìàòòPossession€of€a€Deadly€Weapon€with€the€Intent€to€Use€it€in€the€ˆÐ ûK Ðà@ìàCommission€of€a€FelonyóóˆÐ ä4 ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„1307(c)(1)€provides:€ð ðA€person€commits€anÐ ¶ Ðoffense€who€possesses€any€deadly€weapon€with€the€intent€to€employ€it€in€the€commission€of€orÐ Ÿï Ðescape€from€an€offense.ðð€€The€proof€in€the€instant€case€amply€supports€a€conviction€for€this€offense.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àIn€the€instant€case€the€defendant,€during€the€commission€of€two€aggravated€assaults,Ð Zª Ðdisplayed€one€weapon,€a€.45€caliber€pistol.€€He€also€carried€a€.38€caliber€pistol€on€his€person,€andÐ C“ Ðhad€a€rifle€in€his€car.€€It€is€certainly€reasonable€to€conclude€that€any€or€all€of€these€weapons€wereÐ ,| Ðpossessed€with€the€intent€to€use€them,€if€needed,€in€the€commission€of€the€aggravated€assaults€of€Ms.Ð e ÐWalters€and€Mr.€Stancliff.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð þN ÐÌà@ZZìàòòAlleged€Double€Jeopardy€ViolationóóˆÐ Ð!   ÐÌà  àIn€his€last€issue€presented€for€review,€the€defendant€claims€that€his€conviction€for€theÐ ¢#ò" Ðaggravated€assaults€through€use€or€display€of€the€.45€caliber€pistol€and€conviction€for€possession€ofÐ ‹$Û# Ðthe€same€weapon€with€the€intent€to€use€it€in€a€felony€violate€his€federal€and€state€constitutional€rightsÐ t%Ä $ Ðto€be€free€of€double€jeopardy.€€If€the€weapon€possession€charge€is€based€on€the€.45€caliber€pistol€theÐ ]&­!% Ðdefendant€is€correct.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Dentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€375,€382€(Tenn.€1996)€(holding€that€dualÐ F'–"& Ðconvictions€for€aggravated€assault€through€display€or€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€and€possession€of€theÐ /(#' Ðsame€weapon€with€the€intent€to€use€it€in€the€aggravated€assault€violate€Art.€I,€ðð€10€of€the€TennesseeÐ )h$( ÐConstitution€which€prohibits€the€government€from€placing€a€criminal€defendant€in€double€jeopardy).Ð *Q%) Ðâ âÐ ê*:&* Ðà  àThe€problem€in€the€instant€case€is€that€count€four€of€the€indictment€does€not€specify€uponÐ ° Ðâ âwhich€of€the€three€firearms€found€in€the€possession€of€the€defendant€the€count€is€predicated.€Ð ™é ÐOrdinarily,€this€would€cause€grave€concern€not€only€because€of€the€possibility€of€multipleÐ ‚Ò Ðconvictions€for€the€same€offense€aðð€la€òòDentonóó,€but€also€because€of€a€lack€of€assurance€that€jurorsÐ k» Ðwere€unanimous€in€their€finding€as€to€which€firearm€is€the€subject€of€the€charge.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð T¤ ÐLemacksóó,€996€S.W.2d€166,€170€(Tenn.€1999);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€762€S.W.2d€135,€136„37€(Tenn.Ð =  Ð1988);€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€920€S.W.2d€247,€257€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€However,€the€instant€caseÐ & v Ðwas€a€bench€trial€with€the€trial€judge€sitting€not€only€as€the€arbiter€of€the€law,€but€also€as€the€trier€ofÐ  _ Ðfact.€€Moreover,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€held€that€a€trial€court€judicially€knows€the€stateÐ ø H Ðlaw€applicable€to€the€facts€stated€in€an€indictment.€€òòState€ex€rel.€Scroggins€v.€Riceóó,€19€S.W.2d€227,Ð á 1  Ð228€(1929).€€We€may€therefore€presume,€in€the€absence€of€any€indication€in€the€record€to€theÐ Ê   Ðcontrary,€that€the€learned€trial€judge€in€this€case€knew€that€convictions€for€the€aggravated€assault€andÐ ³  Ðthe€firearm€possession€charge€in€this€case,€if€based€on€the€same€weapon,€i.e.,€the€.45€caliber€pistol,Ð œì  Ðwould€run€afoul€of€òòDentonóó.€€We€therefore€find€that€the€firearm€possession€conviction€in€this€case€isÐ …Õ  Ðbased€on€either€the€.38€caliber€pistol€found€on€the€defendantððs€person€or€the€rifle€found€in€his€car,Ð n¾  Ðor€both.€€As€noted,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€warrant€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€that€any€of€theseÐ W§  Ðfirearms€were€possessed€with€the€intent€to€use€them€in€the€aggravated€assaults€of€Mr.€Stancliff€andÐ @ ÐMs.€Walters.€€As€a€result€we€find€neither€a€double€jeopardy€nor€a€fact€unanimity€problem€with€theÐ )y Ðinstant€case.Ð b ÐÌà@$$%ìàòòConclusionóóˆÐ ä4 ÐÌà  àIn€light€of€the€foregoing,€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court€are€AFFIRMED.Ô#†XËXXX4®Ù#ÔÐ ¶ ÐÌÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#à___________________________________€ÐqÁ(#(# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE