ÿWPCž B¯ ìûñâ,dløœåïàLÑÀèoï‡Ôµ-\â ¶²K0nn0tª 'ŸÏíD‡èéþмz áí_„ÏUï7ÌÌ/xUg³ß8DŸpÕDÍäôZ ò]9få7"çû*'¢pPV›å ¯„¼ dמO#ÒKmBœ¦"uù!;¢9¸®ÑŸf—á/r…½ƒ§T¦8U`µw<öklÄ¡#׬Ӏ\ö-;zõbƒ l®[þòå ԙ匰®`ËÔ™™…\H#þÌ€“Dº& >)Y®†ÐÉ•)=°~Ÿ}29ßì²´´QW×þCí÷ƒ`þL^v:=Cã÷€eðï¼YJ î¦Ýy4voµrBvo×î–r޾R°2â…#œ.ÚÎÎÀuÔã×––-]Ì“¹C°v»¨cmx¨¸é}Ç÷%À•®è™*nJÙöH0vš¦bvÐý‚œ²LeN-‹š0\ÑÙ UcÉœË-¦œa?f~[îœ9oŠÂP4=.\t¶ó²Þ£Ï€PRXÅÇ45G<=XJ$nþx—DŸ"†P‘L‰“Ãû-FîI]–£Õy@RÙ¬ÎÂ} (_cg;W×ü<öù((rÓPï &‚æ™pGÏ0wb %\U@b 0ˆ¢UN*ÜxT Bb z¤ Ò »ð e«^ wÆ ÆæƬÆr48NLN]E_ ma#Áxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 0D999}b““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““““ 0ë›››› B†† 0¤£ D3G D-z 0K§§ ASòÆE 0¤  0D¯ A«ó»(ƒð Z‹(Times New Roman (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular ÒÝ ƒRº$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô»Uò»»ÔÝ  ÝWe€note€that€Marisa€was€in€the€hospital€during€the€entire€forty„eight€hours€preceding€the€bone€scan. Ý ƒRº$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô»Uò»»ÔÝ  ÝDr.€Ramsey€testified€that€the€initial€x„rays€indicated€some€possibility€of€this€fracture,€but€later€tests€revealedÐ ° Ðno€abnormality. 8Ý ƒRº$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô»Uò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔWe€note,€however,€that€Ô_ÔHankalÔ_Ô€was€the€last€person€with€Marisa€prior€to€the€Defendantððs€insisting€that€she€beÐ ° Ðtaken€to€the€hospital. ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ±Ý ƒRº$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô»Uò»»ÔÝ  ÝDr.€Bridgforth€testified€that€Marisaððs€leg€fracture€caused€extreme€physical€pain,€one€of€the€statutory€definitionsÐ ° Ðof€ð ðserious€bodily€injury.ðð€€There€was€no€testimony€establishing€that€any€of€the€other€injuries€met€the€statutory€definitionÐ tÄ Ðof€ð ðserious€bodily€injury.ðð€ [Ý ƒRº$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô»Uò»»ÔÝ  ÝThere€is€likewise€no€proof€that€the€Defendant€neglected€Marisa€and€thereby€caused€bodily€injury.€€Accordingly,Ð ° Ðwe€are€also€unable€to€sustain€a€conviction€of€the€lesser„included€offense€of€child€abuse€through€neglect.€Œ-s Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 53j1,Q¦k24Þ¥3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ñ e Ñ- ù-(|G2º$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€-»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô»Uò»»Ô d(|3ÿf$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€-»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ÿf$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€-»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€-»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼-»»»ÔÑ8€T!XXdì»»d8ÑÑ€-ïW Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î<-ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼-»îî<#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àJune€19,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XT!X»¼-ÔÌò òÔ#†¼-»XXT!$#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€JANET€Ô_ÔHUFFINEÔ_Ô€DYKESÔ‡XT!X»¼-Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Washington€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€26191€€€€€€Robert€E.€Ô_ÔCuppÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2001„01722„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐAugust€16,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€Defendant,€Janet€Ô_ÔHuffineÔ_Ô€Dykes,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€one€count€of€reckless€aggravatedÐ xÈ  Ðassault€and€one€count€of€aggravated€child€abuse€through€neglect.€€The€trial€court€merged€the€assaultÐ d´ Ðconviction€into€the€child€abuse€conviction€and€sentenced€the€Defendant€as€a€Range€I€standardÐ P  Ðoffender€to€fifteen€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€The€Defendant€now€appeals€as€of€right,Ð <Œ Ðchallenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€in€support€of€her€convictions.€€We€find€the€evidence€isÐ (x Ðnot€sufficient€to€support€the€Defendantððs€conviction€of€aggravated€child€abuse€through€neglect€andÐ d Ðtherefore€reverse€that€conviction.€€We€find€the€evidence€sufficient€to€support€the€reckless€aggravatedÐ P Ðassault€conviction,€and€affirm€that€conviction.€€Because€the€Defendant€was€not€sentenced€for€recklessÐ ì< Ðaggravated€assault,€we€remand€this€case€for€sentencing€on€the€Defendantððs€conviction€for€recklessÐ Ø( Ðaggravated€assault.Ð Ä ÐÓþÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmed€in€Part;Ð œì ÐReversed€in€Part;€Remandedó óÐ ˆØ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼-»àXT!³#ÔÔ‡XT!X.¼-ÔDavid€H.€Welles,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,óó€and€òòNormaÐ `° ÐMcGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€joined.Ð L œ ÐÌA.€Scott€Pratt,€Ô_ÔJonesboroughÔ_Ô,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Janet€Ô_ÔHuffineÔ_Ô€Dykes.Ð $"t! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Kathy€D.€Ô_ÔAslingerÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ü#L# ÐJoe€Ô_ÔCrumleyÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Steve€Finney,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€forÐ è$8 $ Ðthe€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Ô%$!% ÐÌÌÓ: ÓÌÐ  „)Ô$)ýà ÐÔ_Ôà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼-»XXT!i #ÔòòóóÔ‡XT!X»¼-ÔÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÓÓÔ#†¼-»XXT!â #ÔÔ€XT!X»¼-ÔòòÔ‡XT!XXXT!ÔóóÌÓÓà  àThe€Defendant€has€two€children,€a€son€and€a€younger€daughter.€€In€the€spring€of€2000,€theÐ tÄ ÐDefendant€was€thirty„four€years€old;€her€son,€Patrick,€was€eight;€and€her€daughter,€Marisa,€wasÐ `° Ðeighteen€months€old.€€In€the€fall€of€1999,€the€Defendant€began€seeing€Joe€Hankal,€a€divorced€fatherÐ L œ Ðof€three€daughters.€€The€Defendant€testified€that€Hankal€was€good€to€her€children,€and€she€had€hopedÐ 8 ˆ Ðthat€they€would€eventually€marry.€€She€acknowledged,€however,€that€Hankal€was€taking€numerousÐ $ t Ðprescription€drugs€during€the€time€they€were€seeing€each€other.€€She€explained€that€Hankal€told€herÐ  ` Ðthe€drugs€were€for€ð ða€slight€nerve€problem.ðð€€She€further€explained€that€she€felt€his€drug€taking€ð ðwasÐ ü L  Ðsafe€because€.€.€.€he€seemed€to€be€fineðð€and€she€knew€they€were€prescription€drugs.€€She€denied€everÐ è 8  Ðobtaining€any€of€Hankalððs€drugs€for€him.€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€that,€oÔ#†XT!XXXT!y#ÔÔ‡XT!XXXT!Ôn€the€night€of€April€12,€2000,€she€bathed€Marisa€and€did€notÐ ¬ü  Ðnotice€anything€on€her€head.€€She€stated€that€Marisa€ð ðdidnððt€play€quite€as€much€in€the€bathtub,ðð€butÐ ˜è  Ðexplained€that€Marisa€had€been€sick,€was€on€antibiotics,€and€was€teething.€€After€bathing€Marisa,€theÐ „Ô  ÐDefendant,€Hankal€and€Marisa€attended€a€car€sale€while€the€Defendantððs€son,€Patrick,€was€at€church.€Ð pÀ ÐDuring€the€sale,€the€Defendant€testified,€Marisa€was€ð ðfineðð€and€walked€part€of€the€time€they€wereÐ \¬ Ðthere.€€When€they€returned,€Hankal€put€Marisa€to€bed,€as€had€become€his€routine€by€this€time.€Ð H˜ ÐHankal€left€the€house€at€about€midnight.€€Before€going€to€bed€herself,€the€Defendant€checked€onÐ 4„ ÐMarisa€and€testified€that€she€seemed€ð ð[f]ine.ðð€€Ð  p ÐÌà  àThe€next€morning,€Hankal€returned€at€about€7:20,€according€to€the€Defendant.€€Marisa€wokeÐ øH Ðup€crying€at€7:30,€and€the€Defendant€told€Hankal,€ð ðSheððs€not€ready€to€get€up.€€Sheððs€just€awake.€€SheÐ ä4 Ðneeds€a€little€bit€more€sleep.ðð€€Hankal€got€Marisa€from€her€bed€and€took€her€to€the€DefendantððsÐ Ð  Ðbedroom,€where€he€laid€Marisa€in€the€Defendantððs€bed.€€The€Defendant€was€elsewhere€in€the€houseÐ ¼  Ðat€this€time.€€About€an€hour€to€an€hour€and€forty„five€minutes€later,€the€Defendant€testified,€she€heardÐ ¨ø ÐMarisa€stirring.€€She€went€in€to€get€her€up€for€the€day,€and€testified€about€what€she€found:Ð ”ä Ðà  àà8 ` àI€opened€the€bedroom€door€and€I€saw€her€laying€in€the€middle€of€theÐ €Ð Ðbed.€€I€didnððt€know€anything€was€wrong€at€that€time,€and€I€said,Ð l¼ ÐððMommyððs€little€girl€ready€to€get€up?ðð€€And€she€didnððt€move.€€I€wentÐ X ¨ Ðand€picked€her€up.€€Her€eyes€looked€real€funny.€€They€were€rolledÐ D!” Ðback€in€her€head.€€She€had€just,€like,€a€stare.€€It€looked€like€she€wasÐ 0"€  Ðlooking€at€me€but€she€couldnððt€see€me.€€And€I€said,€ððMarisa,€Marisa,ððÐ #l! Ðand€I€just€kind€of€shook€her€a€little€bit.€€I€said,€ððMarisa,€whatððs€wrong?€Ð $X" ÐWhatððs€wrong?ðð€€She€wouldnððt€even€cry.€€And€I€hollered€and€I€said,Ð ô$D # ÐððOh,€God,€Joe,€come€here.€€Come€here.€€Somethingððs€wrong€withÐ à%0!$ ÐMarisa.ðð€€He€come€running€in€there.€€And€he€said€ð!ð€€I€said,Ð Ì&"% ÐððSomethingððs€wrong.ðð€€The€very€first€words€he€said,€he€said,€ððOh,Ð ¸'#& ÐGod,€she€might€have€got€a€hold€of€one€of€my€pills.€€One€of€my€pillsÐ ¤(ô#' Ðmight€have€fell€out€of€my€pocket.ðð€€And€I€said,€ððHurry,€go€call€911.ðð€Ð )à$( Ðâ âShe€was€just€lifeless€and€limp.€€I€didnððt€know€what€was€wrong€withÐ |*Ì%) Ðher.€€He€said,€ððNo,€Iððm€not€going€to€call€911.€€Letððs€go€ahead€and€justÐ ° Ðtake€her€on€to€the€hospital.ððМì` x` x Ðâ âÔ#†XT!XXXT!#ÔÌThe€Defendant€and€Hankal€drove€Marisa€to€the€hospital,€taking€her€to€the€emergency€room.€€AsÐ tÄ Ðmedical€personnel€began€treating€the€child,€she€had€a€seizure.Ð `° ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€that€she€did€nothing€to€hurt€Marisa,€and€that€she€did€not€know€howÐ 8 ˆ ÐMarisa€was€hurt.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àMarisa€was€admitted€to€the€hospital,€and€x„rays€were€taken,€revealing€a€non„displacedÐ ü L  Ðfracture€in€the€left€tenth€rib€and€a€non„displaced€spiral€fracture€of€the€right€humerus€(the€upper€arm).€Ð è 8  ÐDr.€Glynda€Ramsey,€a€radiologist,€testified€that€these€injuries€probably€occurred€within€forty„eightÐ Ô$  Ðhours€of€the€x„rays,€and€could€have€occurred€as€little€as€ð ðone€minuteðð€before.€€She€explained€that€theÐ À  Ðrib€injury€could€have€been€caused€by€intentional€squeezing€or€by€direct€blunt€force.€€She€explainedÐ ¬ü  Ðthat€the€arm€injury€involved€ð ðsome€twisting€mechanism.ðð€€She€testified€that€neither€of€these€injuriesÐ ˜è  Ðwas€common€in€young€children.€€The€x„rays€also€revealed€healing€fractures€to€Marisaððs€right€forearm,Ð „Ô  Ðnear€the€wrist.€€Dr.€Ramsey€testified€that€these€injuries€were€probably€less€than€six€months€old,€andÐ pÀ Ðcould€have€been€caused€by€a€fall€or€a€direct€blow.€€Dr.€Ramsey€also€testified€that€these€fractures€wereÐ \¬ Ðð ðhealing€in€normal€alignment.ðð€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àA€CT€scan€of€the€brain€performed€on€April€13,€2000,€revealed€a€hematoma€on€Marisaððs€leftÐ  p Ðscalp,€described€by€Dr.€Ramsey€as€ð ðlike€a€blood€clot€internally€in€the€scalp.ðð€€The€hematoma€wasÐ  \ Ðabout€three€inches€in€size.€€This€injury€was€the€result€of€blunt€trauma,€but€Dr.€Ramsey€could€notÐ øH Ðdetermine€whether€the€injury€occurred€from€a€fall€or€from€a€blow.€€Dr.€Ramsey€stated€that€this€injuryÐ ä4 Ðwas€not€ð ðreadily€visible.ððÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àOn€April€18,€2000,€a€bone€scan€was€performed.€€This€procedure€revealed€an€additional€injuryÐ ¨ø Ðto€Marisaððs€growth€plate€at€her€right€ankle.€€Dr.€Ramsey€testified€that€this€injury€was€also€zero€toÐ ”ä Ðforty„eight€hours€old.׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Dr.€Ramsey€testified€that€this€injury€to€Marisaððs€ankle€was€probably€notÐ €Ð Ðcaused€by€a€fall,€but€could€have€been€caused€by€holding€the€child€by€her€ankles,€or€by€a€direct€blow.€Ð l¼ ÐDr.€Ramsey€testified€that€it€was€likely€that€Marisaððs€recent€fractures€and€the€hematoma€ð ðall€occurredÐ X ¨ Ðat€the€same€timeðð€and€were€ð ðconsistent€with€non„accidental€trauma.ðð€€€Marisa€was€released€from€theÐ D!” Ðhospital€to€the€care€of€her€father€on€April€20,€2000.Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àDr.€William€Bridgforth,€a€pediatrician,€testified€that,€in€his€opinion,€ð ðthe€most€probable€causeÐ $X" Ðfor€the€seizures€was€trauma€to€[Marisaððs]€head.ðð€€An€electroencephalogram,€or€ð ðbrain€wave€test,ððÐ ô$D # Ðshowed€no€abnormalities.€€The€CT€scan€of€Marisaððs€brain€also€came€back€normal.€€A€drug€screen€wasÐ à%0!$ Ðalso€performed€on€Marisa,€and€came€back€negative€for€drugs€in€Marisaððs€bloodstream.€€As€to€otherÐ Ì&"% Ðâ âinjuries,€Dr.€Bridgforth€testified€that€there€were€recent€fractures€to€Marisaððs€right€lower€leg,€upperÐ ¸'#& Ðright€arm,€and€tenth€rib.€€There€was€a€ð ðprobableðð€healing€fracture€to€her€left€upper€arm€bone,׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€andÐ ° Ðâ âtwo€old€fractures€of€the€right€lower€arm.€€Dr.€Bridgforth€testified€that€Marisaððs€recent€fractures€wereÐ œì Ðserious€bodily€injuries€and€that€Marisa€€ð ðwas€unable€to€walk€because€of€her€leg€fracture€so€it€was€veryÐ ˆØ Ðpainful.ðð€€Dr.€Bridgforth€also€testified€to€bruises€on€Marisaððs€left€upper€chest,€right€chest,€left€calf,Ð tÄ Ðthree€bruises€on€her€back,€€bruises€on€her€left€cheek€and€beside€her€right€eye,€and€a€bruise€of€her€leftÐ `° Ðeyeball.€€Dr.€Bridgforth€testified€that€these€bruises€were€ð ðnot€in€the€right€location€for€normal€toddlerÐ L œ Ðbruisesðð€and€that€some€of€them€were€several€weeks€old.€€In€Dr.€Bridgforthððs€opinion,€Marisaððs€recentÐ 8 ˆ Ðinjuries€were€the€result€of€child€abuse.€€He€testified€that€the€hematoma€was€recent€and€could€haveÐ $ t Ðoccurred€in€conjunction€with€the€recent€fractures.€€Dr.€Bridgforth€also€testified€that€the€DefendantÐ  ` Ðhad€brought€Marisa€to€his€pediatrics€practice€group€on€ten€occasions€when€Marisa€was€sufferingÐ ü L  Ðsome€illness.€€The€records€kept€by€the€pediatrics€group€contained€no€evidence€or€suspicion€of€abuse.€Ð è 8  ÐDr.€Bridgforth€testified€that€Marisaððs€shots€were€up„to„date.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àJoe€Hankal€testified€that€it€was€routine€for€him€to€put€Marisa€to€bed€on€the€evenings€that€heÐ ¬ü  Ðspent€with€the€Defendant.€€He€testified€that€the€Defendant€was€ð ðgood€toðð€Marisa,€and€that€he€neverÐ ˜è  Ðsaw€her€do€anything€to€hurt€Marisa.€€He€further€stated€that€he€ð ðnever€done€nothing€to€hurtðð€Marisa.€Ð „Ô  ÐHe€acknowledged,€however,€that€he€had€ridden€Marisa€around€with€him€on€motorcycles€and€dune„Ð pÀ Ðbuggies.€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àHankal€testified€that€he€could€not€remember€whether€the€Defendant€and€Marisa€went€withÐ 4„ Ðhim€to€the€car€sale€on€the€night€of€April€12,€2000.€€He€did€remember€being€at€the€Defendantððs€houseÐ  p Ðthat€evening,€and€testified€that€Marisa€had€been€ð ðfine.ðð€€He€testified€that€he€returned€the€nextÐ  \ Ðmorning€at€about€nine€oððclock.€€He€explained€that,€at€that€time,€Marisa€was€ð ðwhining€in€her€crib,ððÐ øH Ðso€he€ð ðwent€into€the€bedroom€and€got€her€and€went€and€laid€down€in€[the€Defendantððs]€bed€with€her,Ð ä4 Ðand€she€went€back€to€sleep.ðð€€Hankal€then€joined€the€Defendant.€€A€ð ðshort€timeðð€later,€he€testified,Ð Ð  Ðthe€Defendant€went€to€her€bedroom€to€get€Marisa€up.€€A€few€minutes€later,€he€heard€the€DefendantÐ ¼  Ðcall€him,€saying€that€something€was€wrong€with€Marisa.€€When€he€went€into€the€bedroom,€heÐ ¨ø Ðtestified,€Marisa€ð ðwas€just€kindly€limp€and€her€eyes€„„€she€just€couldnððt€focus.ðð€€The€DefendantÐ ”ä Ðwanted€to€call€911,€but€Hankal€was€worried€that€one€of€his€pills€might€have€fallen€out€of€his€pocketÐ €Ð Ðand€that€Marisa€had€swallowed€it;€he€thought€they€could€get€Marisa€to€the€hospital€more€quickly€ifÐ l¼ Ðthey€took€her€themselves.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àHankal€testified€that,€two€weeks€after€the€incident€with€Marisa,€he€entered€a€drugÐ 0"€  Ðrehabilitation€program.€€He€testified€that€he€had€been€abusing€Lortab,€Xanax,€Elavil,€Paxil,€ValiumÐ #l! Ðand€Adapin€during€the€time€he€was€seeing€the€Defendant.€€He€stated€that€he€mixed€these€drugs€andÐ $X" Ðsometimes€took€fifteen€to€twenty€pills€in€one€day.€€He€stated€that€the€Defendant€knew€how€manyÐ ô$D # Ðdrugs€he€was€taking,€and€that€she€obtained€some€of€them€for€him.€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àSgt.€Tom€Frayer€investigated€the€suspected€child€abuse.€€He€began€his€investigation€on€AprilÐ ¸'#& Ð17,€2000.€€He€testified€that€he€observed€a€hematoma€on€Marisaððs€right€forehead€while€she€was€in€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðhospital,€but€saw€no€other€visible€signs€of€injuries.€€His€initial€interview€was€with€Patrick€Dykes€atÐ ° Ðschool.€€He€then€interviewed€the€Defendant€on€April€18,€2000.€€In€this€initial€statement,€which€wasÐ œì Ðadmitted€at€trial,€the€Defendant€explained€that€Marisa€had€come€down€with€ear€and€viral€infectionsÐ ˆØ Ðabout€two€weeks€earlier€and€was€on€antibiotics.€€She€stated€that€she€had€never€seen€her€son€hit€or€hurtÐ tÄ ÐMarisa,€but€that€he€did€play€roughly€with€her,€including€ð ðpick[ing]€her€up€by€an€arm.ðð€€She€stated€toÐ `° ÐSgt.€Frayer€that€ð ðnothingðð€had€happened€on€April€12,€2000.€€Her€description€of€the€events€of€AprilÐ L œ Ð13,€2000€were€consistent€with€her€trial€testimony.€€She€also€stated€that€Marisa€had€never€had€seizuresÐ 8 ˆ Ðin€the€past,€and€that€she€had€ð ðnever€in€[her]€life€suspected€anything€like€this.ðð€€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àSgt.€Frayer€took€another€statement€from€the€Defendant€on€September€7,€2000,€which€was€alsoÐ ü L  Ðadmitted€at€trial.€€In€this€statement,€the€Defendant€reiterated€that€she€had€not€hurt€her€child,€andÐ è 8  Ðmaintained€that€ð ðJoe€did.ðð€€She€explained,€Ð Ô$  Ðà  àà8 ` àI€thought€at€the€time€he€really€loved€her.€€But€now€I€can€look€back€andÐ À  Ðknow€that€he€was€just€plain€old€obsessed€with€her.€€He€would€take€herÐ ¬ü  Ðand€lay€down€with€her€and€close€the€door.€€And€I€am€guilty€of€that,€forÐ ˜è  Ðallowing€him€to€take€my€baby€behind€closed€doors.€€I€loved€andÐ „Ô  Ðtrusted€this€man.€€I€had€no€reason€not€to€trust€him.€€He€had€three€kidsÐ pÀ Ðof€his€own€he€was€wonderful€with.€€He€was€great€with€the€kids€inÐ \¬ Ðfront€of€me.€€Patrick€loved€him.ÐH˜` x` x ÐÌAgain,€she€stated€that€Marisa€had€been€fine€on€the€night€of€April€12,€2000,€and€that€she€ð ðwasnððtÐ  p Ðhurting€until€the€next€morning.ðð€€When€Sgt.€Frayer€asked€her€when€the€injuries€could€have€occurred,Ð  \ Ðshe€stated,€ð ðThat€morning.ðð€€She€further€stated€that€she€didnððt€hear€anything€that€led€her€to€believeÐ øH Ðthat€Hankal€was€hitting€her.€€She€stated€that€she€never€saw€her€son€Patrick€hit€Marisa,€but€explainedÐ ä4 Ðthat€Patrick€and€Hankalððs€children€played€ð ðroughðð€with€her.€€She€stated€that€she€had€no€idea€aboutÐ Ð  Ðhow€the€old€fractures€could€have€occurred.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àDuring€her€second€statement€to€Sgt.€Frayer,€the€Defendant€said€that€she€had€asked€HankalÐ ”ä Ðif,€due€to€his€drug€abuse,€he€could€have€hurt€Marisa€and€not€known€it.€€According€to€the€DefendantððsÐ €Ð Ðstatement,€Hankal€answered€this€question€affirmatively.€€At€that€point,€she€told€Sgt.€Frayer,€HankalððsÐ l¼ Ðfather€took€him€to€the€drug€rehabilitation€facility.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àSgt.€Frayer€testified€that€he€spoke€with€a€total€of€five€people€about€the€case,€other€thanÐ 0"€  Ðmedical€personnel.€€He€stated€that€he€investigated€Hankal€but€found€nothing€to€show€that€he€hadÐ #l! Ðinflicted€Marisaððs€injuries.€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Sgt.€Frayer€admitted€that€he€had€decided€to€seek€an€indictment€againstÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€Defendant€by€April€21,€2000,€after€speaking€with€medical€personnel,€the€Defendant,€Hankal,€andÐ Ì&"% ÐPatrick€Dykes.€€He€admitted€that€he€never€entered€the€Defendantððs€house.€€He€took€no€photographsÐ ¸'#& Ðof€the€victim.€€He€did€not€obtain€Marisaððs€medical€history€to€check€for€evidence€of€prior€abuse.€€HeÐ ¤(ô#' Ðadmitted€that€he€quickly€made€up€his€mind€that€the€Defendant€had€inflicted€Marisaððs€injuries,€andÐ )à$( Ðthat€he€eliminated€Hankal€as€a€suspect€early€on.€€He€admitted€that€he€did€not€attempt€to€obtain€anyÐ |*Ì%) Ðrecords€from€Hankalððs€drug€rehabilitation€facility€in€an€effort€to€determine€if€he€made€any€admissionsÐ h+¸&* Ðregarding€the€case.€€When€asked€if€he€could€have€done€a€great€deal€more€of€an€investigation€in€thisÐ ° Ðcase,€he€stated,€ð ðI€guess.ðð€€Ð œì ÐÌà@òò&ìàò òANALYSISó óˆÐ tÄ Ðà  àThe€Defendant€in€this€case€was€charged€with€alternative€counts€of€aggravated€child€abuse:€Ð `° Ðthe€first€count€designates€that€the€abuse€occurred€through€the€infliction€of€serious€bodily€injury,€andÐ L œ Ðthe€second€count€designates€that€the€abuse€occurred€through€neglect.€€With€respect€to€the€first€count,Ð 8 ˆ Ðthe€trial€court€charged€the€jury€with€the€lesser„included€offenses€of€intentional€or€knowing€aggravatedÐ $ t Ðassault,€reckless€aggravated€assault,€and€child€abuse.€€With€respect€to€the€second€count,€the€trial€courtÐ  ` Ðcharged€the€jury€with€the€lesser„included€offense€of€child€neglect.€€The€jury€convicted€the€DefendantÐ ü L  Ðof€reckless€aggravated€assault€under€Count€One,€and€aggravated€child€abuse€through€neglect€underÐ è 8  ÐCount€Two.€€The€trial€court€subsequently€merged€the€reckless€aggravated€assault€conviction€into€theÐ Ô$  Ðaggravated€child€neglect€conviction.€€The€Defendant€now€challenges€both€convictions€on€sufficiencyÐ À  Ðgrounds.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àÔ‡XT!XXXT!ÔTennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€Procedure€13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[f]indings€of€guilt€in€criminalÐ „Ô  Ðactions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€supportÐ pÀ Ðthe€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€Evidence€is€sufficient€if,€afterÐ \¬ Ðreviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldÐ H˜ Ðhave€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,Ð 4„ Ð443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€24€S.W.3d€274,€278€(Tenn.€2000).€€In€addition,€becauseÐ  p Ðconviction€by€a€trier€of€fact€destroys€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€imposes€a€presumption€ofÐ  \ Ðguilt,€a€convicted€criminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient.€Ð øH ÐòòSeeóó€òòMcBee€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.€1963);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Buggsóó,€995€S.W.2d€102,Ð ä4 Ð105„06€(Tenn.€1999);€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992);òòóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð Ð  ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).òòóóÐ ¼  ÐÌà  àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðthe€strongest€legitimateÐ ”ä Ðview€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawnÐ €Ð Ðtherefrom.ðð€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914;òòóó€òòsee€alsoóó€òòSmithóó,€24€S.W.3d€at€279.€€The€court€may€not€ð ðre„Ð l¼ Ðweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below.€€òòEvansóó,€838€S.W.2d€at€191;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòBuggsóó,Ð X ¨ Ð995€S.W.2d€at€105.òòóó€€Likewise,€should€the€reviewing€court€find€particular€conflicts€in€the€trialÐ D!” Ðtestimony,€the€court€must€resolve€them€in€favor€of€the€jury€verdict€or€trial€court€judgment.€€òòTuggleóó,Ð 0"€  Ð639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€All€questions€involving€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€beÐ #l! Ðgiven€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€the€appellate€courts.€Ð $X" ÐòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Morrisóó,€24€S.W.3d€788,€795€(Tenn.€2000);€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.Ð ô$D # ÐCrim.€App.€1987).Ð à%0!$ ÐÔ#†XT!XXXT! T#ÔÌà  àA€crime€may€be€established€by€circumstantial€evidence€alone.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726Ð ¸'#& ÐS.W.2d€896,€899„900€(Tenn.€1987).€€However,€before€an€accused€may€be€convicted€of€a€criminalÐ ¤(ô#' Ðoffense€based€only€upon€circumstantial€evidence,€the€facts€and€circumstances€ð ðmust€be€so€strong€andÐ )à$( Ðcogent€as€to€exclude€every€other€reasonable€hypothesis€save€the€guilt€of€the€defendant.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð |*Ì%) ÐCrawfordóó,€470€S.W.2d€610,€612€(Tenn.€1971).€€In€other€words,€a€ð ðweb€of€guilt€must€be€wovenÐ h+¸&* Ðaround€the€defendant€from€which€he€cannot€escape€and€from€which€facts€and€circumstances€the€juryÐ ° Ðcould€draw€no€other€reasonable€inference€save€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€Ð œì ÐòòId.óó€at€613;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Ballóó,€973€S.W.2d€288,€292€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998)€(ð ðIn€convictions€.Ð ˆØ Ð.€.€where€the€evidence€is€entirely€circumstantial,€the€jury€must€find€that€the€proof€is€not€onlyÐ tÄ Ðconsistent€with€the€guilt€of€the€accused€but€inconsistent€with€his€innocence.€€There€must€be€anÐ `° Ðevidentiary€basis€upon€which€the€jury€can€exclude€every€other€reasonable€theory€or€hypothesis€exceptÐ L œ Ðthat€of€guilt.ðð).Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àAggravated€child€abuse€through€neglect€occurs€when€a€person€ð ðknowingly,€other€than€byÐ  ` Ðaccidental€means,€.€.€.€neglects€[a€child€under€eighteen€(18)€years€of€age]€so€as€to€adversely€affect€theÐ ü L  Ðchildððs€health€and€welfare,ðð€and€serious€bodily€injury€results.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„15„401(a),Ð è 8  Ð39„15„402(a)(1).€€ð ðSerious€bodily€injuryðð€is€defined€as€bodily€injury€involving:€€ð ð(A)€[a]€substantialÐ Ô$  Ðrisk€of€death;€(B)€[p]rotracted€unconsciousness;€(C)€[e]xtreme€physical€pain;€(D)€[p]rotracted€orÐ À  Ðobvious€disfigurement;€or€(E)€[p]rotracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€of€a€function€of€a€bodilyÐ ¬ü  Ðmember,€organ€or€mental€faculty.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(34).€€Thus,€to€support€a€convictionÐ ˜è  Ðof€aggravated€child€neglect,€the€State€must€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€accusedÐ „Ô  Ðknowingly€neglected€a€child,€and€that€the€knowing€neglect€resulted€in€serious€bodily€injury€to€theÐ pÀ Ðchild.€€€€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€term€ð ðneglectðð€is€not€defined€in€our€criminal€code.€€Accordingly,€our€supreme€court€hasÐ 4„ Ðlooked€to€definitions€of€the€term€in€other€parts€of€the€Tennessee€Code.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€24Ð  p ÐS.W.3d€289,€295„96€(Tenn.€2000).€€One€of€the€definitions€the€court€found€helpful€in€construingÐ  \ Ðcriminal€neglect€is€found€in€the€provisions€for€juvenile€courts,€and€states€that€a€neglected€child€is€oneÐ øH Ðð ð[w]hose€parent,€guardian€or€custodian€neglects€or€refuses€to€provide€necessary€medical,€surgical,Ð ä4 Ðinstitutional€or€hospital€care€for€such€child,ðð€€òòid.óó€at€295€(quoting€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„Ð Ð  Ð102(b)(12)(D)€(1996€and€Supp.€1999)),€or€one€who€ð ðis€in€such€condition€of€want€or€suffering€or€isÐ ¼  Ðunder€such€improper€guardianship€or€control€as€to€injure€or€endanger€the€morals€or€health€of€suchÐ ¨ø Ðchild€or€others;ðð€òòid.óó€(quoting€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€37„1„102(b)(12)(F)).€€The€court€also€looked€to€theÐ ”ä ÐTennessee€Adult€Protection€Act€which€defines€neglect€as€ð ðthe€deprivation€of€services€by€theÐ €Ð Ðcaretaker€which€are€necessary€to€maintain€the€health€and€welfare€of€an€adult€or€a€situation€in€whichÐ l¼ Ðan€adult€is€unable€to€provide€or€obtain€the€services€which€are€necessary€to€maintain€that€personððsÐ X ¨ Ðhealth€or€welfare.ðð€€òòId.óó€(quoting€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€71„6„102(1)€(1995€&€Supp.€1999)).€€€€€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àWhat€a€conviction€of€aggravated€child€abuse€through€neglect€requires,€then,€is€proof€that€the€Ð #l! Ðaccused€knew€of€some€need€that€the€child€had,€and€then€failed€to€supply€that€need,€resulting€inÐ $X" Ðserious€bodily€injury€to€the€child.€€For€instance,€in€the€case€before€us,€the€proof€would€be€sufficientÐ ô$D # Ðto€support€the€Defendantððs€conviction€if€the€record€contained€proof€that€the€Defendant€knew€of€theÐ à%0!$ Ðinjuries€Marisa€suffered€during€the€forty„eight€hours€prior€to€her€admission€to€the€hospital,€failed€orÐ Ì&"% Ðrefused€to€seek€medical€treatment€for€them,€and€serious€bodily€injury€resulted€from€the€failure€to€seekÐ ¸'#& Ðtreatment.€€The€record€does€not€contain€such€proof.€€On€the€contrary,€the€Defendant€testified€that€sheÐ ¤(ô#' Ðrealized€something€was€wrong€with€Marisa€on€the€morning€of€April€13,€2000.€€She€immediatelyÐ )à$( Ðsought€medical€care.€€The€medical€testimony€established€that€Marisa€was€suffering€from€a€hematomaÐ |*Ì%) Ðand€several€fractures,€all€occurring€from€ð ðone€minuteðð€to€forty„eight€hours€prior€to€Marisaððs€enteringÐ h+¸&* Ðthe€hospital.€€Even€if€the€jury€chose€to€disbelieve€the€Defendantððs€testimony,€there€is€no€proof€in€theÐ ° Ðrecord€that€Marisa€suffered€from€her€injuries€for€some€significant€period€prior€to€being€taken€to€theÐ œì Ðhospital.€€Nor€is€there€any€proof€that€Marisa€suffered€any€further€injury€from€any€delay€in€receivingÐ ˆØ Ðmedical€care,€or€that€the€seizures€would€not€have€occurred€had€she€received€earlier€medical€care.€€InÐ tÄ Ðshort,€there€is€simply€no€proof€in€the€record€that€the€Defendant€knew€Marisa€was€injured€and€delayedÐ `° Ðseeking€treatment€for€those€injuries€such€that€serious€bodily€injury€resulted.€€òòCf.óó€òòState€v.€Hodgesóó,€7Ð L œ ÐS.W.3d€609,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1998)€(finding€the€evidence€sufficient€to€support€a€convictionÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€murder€during€the€perpetration€of€aggravated€child€abuse€through€neglect€where€the€proofÐ $ t Ðestablished€that€the€defendant€knew€the€child€was€in€serious€medical€trouble,€took€no€action€toÐ  ` Ðprovide€medical€attention€for€the€child,€and€the€child€died€as€a€result).Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àThere€is€also€no€proof€in€the€record€to€support€a€finding€that€the€Defendant€was€criminallyÐ Ô$  Ðnegligent€in€allowing€Hankal€to€be€alone€with€Marisa.€€While€there€is€certainly€proof€that€Hankal€wasÐ À  Ðabusing€drugs€while€spending€time€with€the€Defendant€and€Marisa,€there€is€no€proof€in€the€recordÐ ¬ü  Ðthat€he€harmed€Marisa€prior€to€April€13,€2000,€òòandóó€that€the€Defendant€knew€about€it€but€continuedÐ ˜è  Ðto€allow€him€to€take€care€of€Marisa.€€Indeed,€Sgt.€Frayer€testified€that€his€investigation€revealedÐ „Ô  Ðnothing€to€indicate€that€Hankal€had€abused€Marisa.׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àWe€acknowledge€that€the€jury€may€have€disbelieved€the€Defendantððs€testimony.€€However,Ð H˜ Ðthe€medical€proof€adduced€at€trial€established€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€only€with€respect€to€theÐ 4„ Ðfractures€Marisa€suffered€in€April.׃ ×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Thus,€even€if€the€jury€determined€that€the€Defendant€was€lyingÐ  p Ðabout€her€discovery€of€Marisaððs€April€injuries,€and€concluded€that€the€Defendant€had€known€aboutÐ  \ Ðthem€for€up€to€forty„eight€hours€prior€to€seeking€medical€care,€there€is€no€proof€from€which€a€rationalÐ øH Ðjury€could€conclude€that€the€delay€„„€that€is,€the€neglect€„„€caused€serious€bodily€injury€as€requiredÐ ä4 Ðby€the€statute.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Mateykoóó,€53€S.W.3d€666,€667€(Tenn.€2001)€(holding€that€a€convictionÐ Ð  Ðof€child€abuse€through€neglect€requires€proof€that€the€neglect€causes€€ð ðan€actual,€deleterious€effectÐ ¼  Ðor€harm€to€the€childððs€health€and€welfare€and€that€the€mere€risk€of€harm€is€insufficient€to€support€aÐ ¨ø Ðconvictionðð).€€And,€with€respect€to€the€medical€proof€that€Marisa€had€suffered€some€fractures€in€theÐ ”ä Ðpast,€there€is€no€proof€in€the€record€that€the€Defendant€was€aware€of€these€injuries€or€that,€even€if€sheÐ €Ð Ðwas,€her€failure€to€seek€medical€treatment€for€them€resulted€in€serious€bodily€injury.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àIn€short,€the€State€failed€to€adduce€the€necessary€proof€to€establish€that€the€DefendantÐ D!” Ðâ âneglected€Marisa,€and€that€the€neglect€resulted€in€serious€bodily€injury€to€Marisa.€€Accordingly,€weÐ 0"€  Ðmust€reverse€the€Defendantððs€conviction€for€aggravated€child€abuse€through€neglect€and€dismiss€thatÐ ° Ðcharge.׃ ×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àWe€turn€now€to€the€Defendantððs€conviction€for€reckless€aggravated€assault.€€That€offense€isÐ tÄ Ðcommitted€upon€the€accusedððs€recklessly€causing€serious€bodily€injury€to€another.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÐ `° ÐAnn.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(2)(A).€€ð ðRecklessðð€Ð L œ Ðà  àà8 ` àrefers€to€a€person€who€acts€recklessly€with€respect€to€circumstancesÐ 8 ˆ Ðsurrounding€the€conduct€or€the€result€of€the€conduct€when€the€personÐ $ t Ðis€aware€of€but€consciously€disregards€a€substantial€and€unjustifiableÐ  ` Ðrisk€that€the€circumstances€exist€or€the€result€will€occur.€€The€riskÐ ü L  Ðmust€be€of€such€a€nature€and€degree€that€its€disregard€constitutes€aÐ è 8  Ðgross€deviation€from€the€standard€of€care€that€an€ordinary€personÐ Ô$  Ðwould€exercise€under€all€the€circumstances€as€viewed€from€theÐ À  Ðaccused€personððs€standpoint.€Ð¬ü ` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€ðð€39„11„302(c).€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€was€convicted€of€reckless€aggravated€assault€under€Count€One€of€theÐ \¬ Ðindictment,€which€charged€her€with€causing€the€April€injuries€to€Marisa,€including€the€hematoma,Ð H˜ Ðrib€fracture,€upper€arm€fracture,€and€the€fractures€near€Marisaððs€ankle.€€Dr.€Ramsey€testified€that€theÐ 4„ Ðrib€injury€was€the€result€of€ð ðintentional€squeezingðð€or€direct€blunt€force.€€She€testified€that€the€upperÐ  p Ðarm€injury€involved€ð ðsome€twisting€mechanism.ðð€€The€ankle€injury,€she€testified,€could€have€beenÐ  \ Ðcaused€by€holding€Marisa€by€her€ankles.€€The€nature€of€these€injuries€indicates€treatment€that€wasÐ øH Ðat€least€ð ðreckless.ðð€€Intentionally€squeezing€an€eighteen„month„old€child€around€the€rib€cageÐ ä4 Ðconstitutes€a€gross€deviation€from€the€applicable€standard€of€care.€€Similarly,€€twisting€a€youngÐ Ð  Ðchildððs€arm,€and/or€holding€her€by€her€ankles€constitutes€a€gross€deviation€from€the€applicableÐ ¼  Ðstandard€of€care.€€Thus,€the€proof€is€sufficient€for€a€rational€jury€to€conclude€that€someone€recklesslyÐ ¨ø Ðinflicted€these€serious€bodily€injuries€upon€Marisa.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€proof€established€that€the€Defendant€was€Marisaððs€primary€caretaker€during€the€forty„Ð l¼ Ðeight€hour€period€during€which€the€injuries€occurred.€€€€In€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€theÐ X ¨ Ðproof€established€that€the€injuries€were€caused€either€by€the€Defendantððs€actions€or€the€actions€of€JoeÐ D!” ÐHankal.€€There€certainly€was€no€direct€evidence€that€the€Defendant€inflicted€the€injuries.€€Joe€HankalÐ 0"€  Ðtestified€that€he€did€nothing€to€inflict€the€injuries€and€that€he€did€not€know€how€the€injuries€occurred.Ð #l! ÐThe€Defendant€also€testified€that€she€did€nothing€to€inflict€the€injuries€and€that€she€did€not€know€howÐ $X" Ðthe€injuries€occurred.€€The€jury€obviously€discredited€the€Defendantððs€testimony€and€found€theÐ ô$D # ÐDefendant€to€be€untruthful.€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€especially€the€credibility€of€theÐ à%0!$ ÐDefendant€and€Joe€Hankal,€was€the€crucial€issue€for€the€jury€to€resolve.€€The€jury€resolved€this€issueÐ Ì&"% Ðâ âin€the€Stateððs€favor.€€This,€we€think,€is€sufficient€to€entitle€the€jury€to€conclude€that€the€DefendantÐ ¸'#& Ðrecklessly€handled€Marisa,€thereby€causing€serious€bodily€injury.€€Accordingly,€the€evidence€isÐ ° Ðsufficient€to€support€the€Defendantððs€conviction€for€reckless€aggravated€assault.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àBecause€the€trial€court€merged€the€reckless€aggravated€assault€conviction€into€the€aggravatedÐ tÄ Ðchild€abuse€through€neglect€conviction,€the€Defendant€was€not€sentenced€for€the€assault.€€WeÐ `° Ðtherefore€remand€this€matter€for€sentencing€on€the€reckless€aggravated€assault€conviction.€€TheÐ L œ ÐDefendantððs€conviction€for€aggravated€child€abuse€through€neglect€is€reversed€and€dismissed.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ü L  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE