ÿWPCp+ ¼¿ÈI«ñ™Ð‰±½bí"¡ÿ å,]m^ÊÐ’³µ•¼”qKëm¦¦pYO(ÿwè ñÜ©Ém_rѾ,0Û¨©ïè´Ú@Sp‘rí¸0©8ÿ7K=’œw™áW·;y¿ÙKü¥¼$ë 6wø:n#q³Tz4Pòq‘X}C.ÔÁH–Ad{ù––Ñìëk°T¹AÜ1®H4îõNŠÉÉ¿÷U(ó.ûzµ¾b¨hO9R“PeA1æÍ0úz¦cº˜¶¦¢%ð ÀªH7þÓåCéjÝÍ2dq¶ðh waëb;i’ºªMy¬°þ¨›£}fžõÖm›rº‘N´pb!7ŠXYz-%‘ñ’xÍÕhNÜóRî·L_½hë Q`3ß2t5ÿÄÇ’´©ëQãóý"c‰æÒò^?\ý ¯ÂƒYýüK :$I@ÄY׷Ǿ*ÿs\„ý[î” k?\u\XÁ"õ°¯k¡í(”á¸g®º¹/®Ó§MŸ™¢"… 1Éì$]Gb…œ€J0ÍÐnd.Z Ìõh’Ï*©äóþ­ºù~–ëäî–¢<Êbl;ö±žZ-n¶+νOí»ßXÞÉ–ÄÒÔwj=º;Ž}fS@©•Yb#Á\ % U N# 0ˆq U*Nù ^ G wS zW ÒÑ 4£ · Æ mÈ Æß Æ¥ Æk Æ1 0D÷N; 0×=ÔEèU>ê 1u( 72 0CÏ 0Ô 0Ñî 0ο 0Ë 0ÈX 0Å  1‡å 72l 0cž 1‡ 72ˆ 1‡º 72A! 1‡s! 72ú! 1‡," 72³" 1‡å"bl# 72t# 1‡¦# 72-$-$-$-$-$-$-$-$-$-$ 0Y_$_$_$_$_$_$_$_$_$_$_$_$_$_$_$_$ 1e¸$¸$¸$¸$¸$¸$ 0N% 0ëk%V&V&V& BX'X' 0¤u' D3( D-L( 0Ky(y( ASÄ(Æ) 0¤Ý) 0D* A«Å*˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularjœ,-s  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptüPH,@ó¥3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó*GM ÿÿ(_16Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó ÊÝ ƒR?¸$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôáÝò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€defendant€also€utilizes€this€argument€to€claim€that€an€unlawful€search€resulted€from€Officer€StricklandððsÐ ° Ðutilizing€a€flashlight€to€see€into€the€defendantððs€vehicle.€€We€respectfully€disagree€that€Stricklandððs€view€of€the€interiorÐ tÄ Ðof€the€vehicle€was€illegal€simply€because€his€vision€was€aided€by€a€flashlight.€€òòUnited€States€v.€Dunnóó,€480€U.S.€294,€305,Ð 8ˆ Ð107€S.€Ct.€1134,€1141,€94€L.€Ed.€2d€326,€337€(1987)€(ð ð[OÔ‡ôáÝòòôáÝÔ]fficers'€use€of€the€beam€of€a€flashlight,€directed€through€theÐ üL Ðessentially€open€front€of€respondentððs€barn,€did€not€transform€their€observations€into€an€unreasonable€search€within€theÐ À Ðmeaning€of€Fourth€Amendment.Ô#†ôáÝòòôáÝj#ÔÔ‡ôáÝòòôáÝÔðð);€òòState€v.€Hawkinsóó,€969€S.W.2d€936,€938€n.€2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997)€(ð ðThe€fact€thatÐ „Ô Ðthe€contents€of€a€vehicle€may€not€have€been€visible€without€the€use€of€artificial€illumination€does€not€preclude€suchÐ H ˜ Ðobservation€from€application€of€the€plain€view€doctrine.€.€.€.€Ô4‚SÝ DÔÔ5  ÔÔ#†ôáÝòòôáݬ#ÔÝ‚;ÿÝòòÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ6 ÔÝ‚QÍOÿÿÿÿƒÝóóÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ7Ý DÔÔ‡ôáÝòòôáÝÔ€The€plain€view€doctrine€does€not€disappear€when€the€sunÐ  \ Ðgoes€down.ðð).Ð Ð  ÐÔ#†ôáÝòòôáÝÑ#ÔÔ‡ôáÝòòôáÝÔ€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð ” ä  ÐÓ  ÓÔ#†ôáÝòòôáÝ…#ÔÓ€ K !(ÿÿ03ÓÝ‚;ÿÝòòÔÿÔÝ  ÝÔ‡ôáÝòòôáÝÔÌÔ#†ôáÝòòôáÝ£#ÔÔ‡ôáÝòòôáÝÔÐ ÐÔ#†ôáÝòòôáÝæ#ÔÔ‡ôáÝòòôáÝÔÐ ÐÌÔ#†ôáÝòòôáÝ6#ÔÔ‡ôáÝòòôáÝÔÌÔ#†ôáÝòòôá݇#Ôô\  `‹&Times New Roman3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)* ÿÿ(_17Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô€ *DM ÿÿ(_15Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*AM ÿÿ(_14Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*>M ÿÿ(_13Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*;M ÿÿ(_12Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*8M ÿÿ(_11Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*5M ÿÿ(_10Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(нCEKQW]cioAutoList1A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A."A.(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(š½CEKQW]cioAutoList2A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.%A.(ª½CEKQW]cioAutoList3A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.'A.(º½CEKQW]cioAutoList4A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.)A.(ʽCEKQW]cioAutoList5A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.+A.(Ú½CEKQW]cioAutoList6A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.- ù--A.(ê½CEKQW]cioAutoList7A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.0A.6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô ! ÿÿ35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔ(|G2?¸$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôáÝò»»Ô/research/buttonTFLink?_m=47c22a13463e3ffcbee55e454219b1fa&_xfercite=%3ccite%20cc%3d%22USA%22%3e%3c%21%5bCDATA%5b969%20S.W.2d%20 d(|3Çq$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Çq$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€D»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼D»»»ÔÑ8€iXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îQ4DÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼D»îîQ4 #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àJune€18,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XiX»¼DÔÌò òÔ#†¼D»XXi#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€CHRISTOPHER€JOHN€EDDINGERòòóóÔ‡XiX»¼DÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€3084€€€€€€Steve€R.€Dozier,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2001„02493„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€September€12,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÔ‡XiXXXiÔÓ  ÓA€Metropolitan€Parks€and€Recreation€Department€officer€observed€the€defendant,€who€was€wearingÐ xÈ  Ðonly€a€T„shirt€and€fishnet€stockings€and€had€a€spiked€leather€strap€wrapped€around€his€testicles,€asÐ d´ Ðthe€defendant€was€sitting€in€his€car,€with€the€door€open,€in€a€Nashville€public€park.€€The€defendantÐ P  Ðwas€given€a€misdemeanor€citation€charging€him€with€violating€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÐ <Œ Ð39„13„511,€ð ð[p]ublic€indecency€„€[i]ndecent€exposure.ðð€€He€was€tried€and€convicted€in€the€generalÐ (x Ðsessions€court,€and€appealed€the€conviction€to€the€criminal€court,€where€he€was€convicted€of€publicÐ d Ðindecency,€a€Class€B€misdemeanor,€and€ordered€to€pay€a€$500€fine.€€The€defendant€then€timelyÐ P Ðappealed€to€this€court,€Ô#†XiXXXi»#ÔÔ#†¼D»XXi”#ÔÔ‡¼D»»¼DÔÔ‡XiX»¼DÔarguing€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient,€that€the€search€of€his€vehicleÐ ì< Ðviolated€his€constitutional€rights,€that€he€was€acquitted€of€public€indecency€in€his€first€trial€and,Ð Ø( Ðtherefore,€could€not€be€convicted€of€it€following€the€appeal,€and€that€the€testimony€of€the€arrestingÐ Ä Ðofficer€should€have€been€suppressed.€€Following€our€review,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€conviction.Ð ° ÐÔ#†XiXXXi€#ÔÔ#†¼D»XXiŸ#ÔÔ‡XiX»¼DÔÌò òà  àTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ ˆØ ÐÌòòÔ#†¼D»àXiÍ #ÔÔ‡XiX.¼DÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòRobert€W.Ð `° ÐWedemeyer,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð L œ ÐÌCharles€Galbreath,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Christopher€John€Eddinger.Ð $"t! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Kim€R.€Helper,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ü#L# ÐVictor€S.€Johnson,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Pamela€S.€Anderson,€Assistant€DistrictÐ è$8 $ ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Ô%$!% ÐÌà@66'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼D»XXi‰ #ÔÔ‡XiX»¼DԈР¬'ü"' ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼D»XXi1#ÔÔ€XiX»¼DÔÔ‡XiXXXiÔà  àAt€the€criminal€court€trial€of€this€matter,€Officer€Edmond€Strickland,€employed€by€theÐ „)Ô$) ÐDavidson€County€Metropolitan€Parks€and€Recreation€Department,€testified€that€at€approximately€10Ð p*À%* Ðp.m.€on€July€30,€2000,€responding€to€a€call€from€a€dispatcher,€he€observed€the€defendant,€who€wasÐ \+¬&+ Ðnude€from€the€waist€down,€sitting€in€a€vehicle€with€the€door€open:Ð H,˜', ÐÐ 4-„(-ý Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àI€got€out€of€my€patrol€vehicle€and€approached€the€vehicle€andÐ ° Ðlooked€ð!ð€looked€inside€the€vehicle€ð!ð€looked€inside€and€he€was€sittingÐ œì Ðthere€with€just€a€black€T„shirt€on,€some€fishnet€stockings€and€a€leatherÐ ˆØ Ðstrap€with€spikes€on€it€wrapped€around€his€penis.ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà  àAfter€he€had€observed€the€defendant,€thusly€attired,€in€a€vehicle€parked€at€the€playground€areaÐ L œ Ðin€Shelby€Park,€Officer€Strickland€wanted€to€ascertain€whether€the€defendant€posed€a€threat€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðshined€his€flashlight€in€the€car€ð ðto€see€any€.€.€.€items€that€could€be,€like€a€gun€or€anything€like€that.ðð€Ð $ t ÐInside€the€defendantððs€car€were€ð ða€pair€of€high€heel€dressing€shoes,€someoneððs€lingerie€and€nudieÐ  ` Ðmagazines.ððÐ ü L  ÐÌà  àStrickland€described,€in€more€detail,€what€he€had€observed€of€the€defendant:Ð Ô$  ÐÌÓ*°,XƒX× –X°œX*Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àOkay.€€And€as€you€were€standing€outside€the€vehicle,€youÐ ¬ü  Ðdescribed€[the€defendantððs]€state€of€dress,€could€you€see€what€parts€ofÐ ˜è  Ðhis€body€were€visible?Ð„Ô ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà0× ` x` xàHis€penis€and€his€leg€area.Ð\¬× x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àAnd€was€there€any€mistake€ð!ð€I€mean,€was€there€any€hesitation€inÐ 4„ Ðyour€mind€or€did€you€know€immediately€when€you€saw€what€you€sawÐ  p Ðwhat€it€was?Ð \` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà0× ` x` xàYes.€€I€mean,€it€was€a€penis.Ðä4× x× x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àWas€there€any€reason,€in€particular,€why€it€stuck€out?м ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àHe€had€the€leather€strap€wrapped€around€his€testicles€and€theÐ ”ä Ðspikes€sticking€out€and€it€was€swollen€to€about€the€size€of€a€racketÐ €Ð Ðball€[sic].€€I€guess€about€that€big€around.Ðl¼` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMR.€GALBREATH:€€Iððm€sorry.€€I€couldnððt€hear€that.ÐD!”` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€All€right.€€Can€you€repeat€that?Ð#l!` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€WITNESS:€€Your€client€had€a€leather€strap€wrapped€around€hisÐ ô$D # Ðtesticles€and€his€penis€and€it€was€swollen€to€the€size€of€a€racket€ballÐ à%0!$ Ð[sic].€€The€head€of€it€was€swollen€to€about€the€size€of€a€racket€ballÐ Ì&"% Ð[sic].и'#&` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àMR.€GALBREATH:€€The€head€of€what?Ð)à$(` x` x Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àTHE€COURT:€€All€right.€€You€can€ask€ð!ð€you€can€ask€your€questions.€Ð ° Ðâ âJust€let€him€ask€those€and€weððll€get€on€with€it.Мì` x` x ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination,€Officer€Strickland€was€asked€to€clarify€certain€of€his€testimony:Ð tÄ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àWhen€you€looked€in€the€car€and€saw€his€ð!ð€you€saw€him,€did€heÐ L œ Ðhave€an€erection€on?Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àI€donððt€know€if€that€was€an€erection€or€not€what€he€had.€€I€donððtÐ  ` Ðknow€his€natural€state€of€being€so€I€can€[sic]€determine€whether€thatÐ ü L  Ðwas€an€erection.€€I€just€can€tell€you€what€I€saw€was€the€tip€of€hisÐ è 8  Ðpenis.ÐÔ$ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àWas€his€penis€between€his€legs?Ьü ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àYes.Ð„Ô ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àWhen€youððre€seated€and€your€penis€is€between€your€legs,€couldÐ \¬ Ðsomeone€see€it€from€the€side?ÐH˜` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àI€guess€not€normally,€unless€I€had€whatever€he€had€on.Ð p` x` x ÐÌà  àFollowing€the€testimony€of€Officer€Strickland,€the€State€rested€its€case€in€chief.Ð øH ÐÌà  àThe€defendant,€testifying€as€his€only€witness,€said€that€he€was€39€years€old€and€had€neverÐ Ð  Ðbefore€been€arrested.€€On€the€day€of€the€incident,€he€was€off€from€work€and€had€gone€to€theÐ ¼  ÐHermitage€Fitness€Center.€€He€said€that€he€had€been€at€the€park€ð ðalmost€all€day.ðð€€He€did€not€wantÐ ¨ø Ðto€waste€the€day,€so€he€decided€ð ðto€go€to€the€park€and€relax.ðð€€Just€as€the€officer€had€approached,€theÐ ”ä Ðdefendant€was€seated€behind€the€steering€wheel€of€his€car,€with€the€door€on€the€driverððs€side€openÐ €Ð Ðð ðtwo€to€three€inches.ðð€€He€was€in€the€process€of€restoring€his€vehicle€and,€because€he€had€removedÐ l¼ Ðthe€headliner€of€the€vehicle,€the€interior€lights€were€not€working.€€He€denied€having€with€him€ð ðsexÐ X ¨ Ðbooksðð€or€ð ðgirlie€magazines,ðð€as€Officer€Strickland€had€testified€that€he€did.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€a€restroom€was€about€150€yards€away.€€However,€needing€toÐ #l! Ðurinate,€he€did€not€want€to€go€to€the€restroom€because€it€was€unlit€and€he€was€concerned€that€it€mightÐ $X" Ðbe€unsafe€at€that€time€of€night.€€He€said€that,€because€of€his€work€as€a€security€officer,€he€had€withÐ ô$D # Ðhim€a€ð ðsmall€urine€bottleðð€which€he€decided€to€use.€€In€doing€so,€he€accidently€urinated€on€his€pants,Ð à%0!$ Ðand€was€in€the€process€of€changing€into€his€sweat€pants€when€the€officer€arrived.€€He€said€that€as€aÐ Ì&"% Ðlight€was€shined€in€his€car,€he€covered€his€lap€with€the€sweat€pants.€€The€officer€could€not€have€seenÐ ¸'#& Ðother€than€the€defendantððs€head€and€shoulders€ð ð[u]nless€he€had€some€kind€of€night€vision€device,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðinfrared€or€X„ray€device€with€him.ðð€€The€defendant€denied€that€his€ð ðtesticles€or€genitalsðð€were€visibleÐ )à$( Ðor€that€he€intended€for€them€to€be.€€He€then€described€the€stockings€and€genital€strap€that€he€wasÐ |*Ì%) Ðwearing,€as€well€as€his€reasons€for€doing€so:Ð h+¸&* Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àNow,€did€you€have€ð!ð€you€had€ð!ð€describe€the€stockings€you€hadÐ ° Ðon.Мì` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àThey€were€just€black€nylons,€thigh€high€stockings.ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àWhy?ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àThey€improve€circulation.€€I€do€a€lot€of€exercising€and€generally,Ð $ t Ðthey€make€my€legs€feel€a€lot€better€after€I€work€out€a€lot.Ð `` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àAll€right.€€Did€you€have€something€on€your€scrotum?Ðè 8 ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àYes,€sir,€I€did.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àWhat€was€that?Иè ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àIt€was€a€little€leather€device€that€I€had€made€to€keep€my€testiclesÐ pÀ Ðfrom€going€up€inside€my€body.Ð\¬` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àDid€you€have€some€trouble€with€your€testicles€going€inside€yourÐ 4„ Ðbody?Ð p` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àYes,€sir.€€Sometimes,€the€ð!ð€they€draw€up€and€they€go€up€insideÐ øH Ðthe€body€cavity.Ðä4` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àUh„huh.м ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àAnd€Iððve€read€that€they€can€be€a€cause€for€cancer.€€So€I€made€aÐ ”ä Ðsmall€strap€device€that€I€can€attach€that€keeps€the€scrotum€fromÐ €Ð Ðdrawing€up.Ðl¼` x` x ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination,€the€defendant€said€that€he€had€not€been€examined€by€a€physicianÐ D!” Ðabout€his€testicles€drawing€up€into€his€body.€€He€further€explained€the€function€of€the€leather€deviceÐ 0"€  Ðon€his€genitals:Ð #l! ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àOkay.€€And€this€ð!ð€this€device€which€was€on€your€testicles,€thatððsÐ ô$D # Ða€medical€device?Ðà%0!$` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àI€used€it,€yes,€sir.и'#&` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àOkay.€€And€have€you€seen€a€doctor€about€this€condition?Ð)à$(` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àNo,€sir.Ðh+¸&*` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àSo€itððs€not€a€doctor€prescribed€device?а` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àNo,€sir.ЈØ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àAnd€what€ð!ð€what€condition€does€it€treat?Ð`°` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àMy€testicles€are€drawn€up€ð!ð€the€scrotum€draws€up€and€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðtesticles€go€inside€my€body.Ð$ t` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àAnd€where€do€the€spikes€play€into€this?€€What€do€they€help?Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àThey€donððt€help€anything,€sir.ÐÔ$ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àSo€theyððre€just€there€for€decoration?Ьü ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àYes,€sir.Ð„Ô ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àOkay.€€Now,€how€long€had€you€had€this€device€on€at€that€ð!ð€whenÐ \¬ Ðthe€officer€approached?ÐH˜` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àI€donððt€know.€€An€hour,€two€hours,€maybe.Ð p` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àAnd€so€youððre€saying€that€you€had€just€ð!ð€while€the€officers€wereÐ øH Ðwalking€up,€you€had€just€finished€urinating€in€the€ð!ð€in€the€bottle;€isÐ ä4 Ðthat€correct?ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àYes,€sir.Шø` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àOkay.€€So€I€assume€itððs€possible€to€ð!ð€to€urinate€with€this€deviceÐ €Ð Ðon?Ðl¼` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àYes,€sir.€€The€ð!ð€the€device€is€around€the€scrotum,€not€around€theÐ D!” Ðpenis.Ð0"€ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àOkay.€€So€do€you€disagree€with€the€officerððs€testimony€that€yourÐ $X" Ðpenis€was€swollen?Ðô$D #` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àYes,€sir,€I€do.ÐÌ&"%` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àYou€disagree?€€Okay.€€So€youððre€ð!ð€youððre€saying€it€is€possible€toÐ ¤(ô#' Ðurinate?Ð)à$(` x` x Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àThe€tube€that€the€urine€passes€through,€sir,€does€not€go€throughÐ ° Ðâ âthe€scrotum.Мì` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àAre€you€an€opthamologist€[sic]€or€a€medical€doctor?ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àNo,€sir.ÐL œ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àQà × àOkay.€€So€any€testimony€that€you€have€as€far€as€light€andÐ $ t Ðprinciples€of€light€and€refraction€and€as€far€as€your€mental€[sic]Ð  ` Ðcondition,€thatððs€all€just€based€on€your€own€personal€study?Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAà × àYes,€sir,€my€personal€study€in€the€public€schools€where€itððsÐ Ô$  Ðtaught€in€physics€and€health€class.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌThe€defendant€denied€that€the€stockings€were€ð ðfishnet,ðð€as€the€officer€had€testified,€but€admitted€toÐ ˜è  Ðhaving€a€pair€of€shoes€and€some€lingerie€on€the€passenger€side€floor.€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà@òò&ìàò òòòANALYSISóóó óˆÐ \¬ ÐÌà  àWe€now€will€consider€the€issues€raised€on€appeal€by€the€defendant.Ð 4„ ÐÌà@iiìàò òSufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óˆÐ  \ ÐÌà  àIn€his€brief,€the€defendant€sets€out€his€argument€that€the€evidence€presented€was€insufficientÐ ä4 Ðto€sustain€the€conviction:Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àAppellant€could€not€have€committed€public€indecency€becauseÐ ¨ø Ðthe€appellantððs€conduct€was€not€public€any€more€so€than€if€he€hadÐ ”ä Ðbeen€in€his€home€when€he€urinated€in€the€privacy€of€his€automobileÐ €Ð Ðso€as€to€wet€himself€and€removed€his€jeans€to€cleanse€himself.€€It€wasÐ l¼ Ðdark€and€the€arresting€officer,€acting€on€an€anonymous,€hearsayÐ X ¨ Ðcomplaint,€had€no€way€of€seeing€the€defendantððs€penis€until€he€lookedÐ D!” Ðinto€the€window€of€the€parked€automobile€with€a€flashlight.€€No€oneÐ 0"€  Ðelse€did.€€He€ordered€the€appellant€to€get€out€of€his€automobile€whichÐ #l! Ðamounted€to€an€arrest,€and€the€evidence€is€not€clear€as€to€whether€hisÐ $X" Ðnudity€was€then€hidden€by€clothing€the€defendant€claims€he€held€inÐ ô$D # Ðfront€of€his€body.€€Still€no€one,€other€than€the€arresting€officers,€actingÐ à%0!$ Ðon€an€alleged,€anonymous€tip,€saw€the€appellant.ÐÌ&"%` x` x Ðâ âÐ ¸'#& Ðà  àAdditionally,€the€defendant€argues€in€his€brief:׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ° Ðâ âÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àNowhere€in€the€law€is€the€conduct€of€the€appellant€proscribed.Ð ˆØ ÐHe€had€an€absolute€right€to€remove€his€trousers€in€the€privacy€of€hisÐ tÄ Ðautomobile€just€as€he€would€have€in€a€hotel€room,€his€or€someoneÐ `° Ðelseððs€house,€or€any€other€private€place€where€he€might€be€observedÐ L œ Ðby€one€who,€without€permission,€peers€in€to€[sic]€the€property€withoutÐ 8 ˆ Ðillumination€and€sees€that€which€he€was€not€shown.€Ð$ t` x` x ÐÌÓÓà  àThe€State€responds€with€the€argument:€à  àÐ ü L  ÐÓÓà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àHere,€the€defendant€was€in€his€car€in€a€public€place,€Shelby€Park,Ð Ô$  Ðwith€the€door€open.€€His€penis€was€exposed.€€Based€on€theÐ À  Ðcircumstances,€including€the€leather€strapping€device€worn€by€theÐ ¬ü  Ðdefendant,€jurors€could€reasonably€conclude€the€defendantððs€nudityÐ ˜è  Ðwas€knowing€and€intentional.€€Further,€by€convicting€the€defendant,Ð „Ô  Ðthe€jury€obviously€accredited€the€testimony€of€Officer€Strickland€whoÐ pÀ Ðstated€that€[the€defendant]€was€not€covering€himself€with€sweat€pantsÐ \¬ Ðwhen€the€officers€approached.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÐH˜` x` x ÐÌà  àÔ#†XiXXXi¯#ÔIn€considering€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€conviction,€we€apply€theÐ  p Ðfamiliar€rule€that€where€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€questionÐ  \ Ðof€the€reviewing€court€is€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ øH Ðprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÐ ä4 Ða€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560,Ð Ð  Ð573€(1979);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€190„92€(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€835Ð ¼  ÐS.W.2d€600,€604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)òòóó;€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)€(ð ðFindings€of€guilt€in€criminalÐ ¨ø Ðactions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€supportÐ ”ä Ðthe€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð).€€All€questions€involving€theÐ ° Ðcredibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€areÐ œì Ðresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)òòóó.€Ð ˆØ Ðð ðA€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnessesÐ tÄ Ðfor€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State.ðð€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493Ð `° ÐS.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€Our€supreme€court€stated€the€rationale€for€this€rule:Ð L œ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àThis€well„settled€rule€rests€on€a€sound€foundation.€€The€trialÐ $ t Ðjudge€and€the€jury€see€the€witnesses€face€to€face,€hear€their€testimonyÐ  ` Ðand€observe€their€demeanor€on€the€stand.€€Thus€the€trial€judge€andÐ ü L  Ðjury€are€the€primary€instrumentality€of€justice€to€determine€the€weightÐ è 8  Ðand€credibility€to€be€given€to€the€testimony€of€witnesses.€€In€the€trialÐ Ô$  Ðforum€alone€is€there€human€atmosphere€and€the€totality€of€theÐ À  Ðevidence€cannot€be€reproduced€with€a€written€record€in€this€Court.Ьü ` x` x ÐÌòòBolin€v.€Stateóó,€219€Tenn.€4,€11,€405€S.W.2d€768,€771€(1966)€(citing€òòCarroll€v.€Stateóó,€212€Tenn.€464,Ð „Ô  Ð370€S.W.2d€523€(1963)).€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€aÐ pÀ Ðdefendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convictedÐ \¬ Ðdefendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð H˜ ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ô‡XiXXXiÔÐ 4„ ÐÌà  àViewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€Officer€Strickland,€respondingÐ  \ Ðto€a€call€from€his€dispatcher€at€approximately€10€p.m.€on€July€30,€2000,€observed€the€defendantððsÐ øH Ðvehicle€in€Shelby€Park,€a€public€park€in€Nashville.€€The€defendant€was€clad€only€in€a€T„shirt€andÐ ä4 Ðfishnet€stockings€and€had€a€leather€strap€adorned€with€spikes€wrapped€around€his€penis,€all€of€whichÐ Ð  ÐOfficer€Strickland,€his€vision€aided€by€a€flashlight,€was€able€to€see.€€From€this€testimony,€aÐ ¼  Ðreasonable€jury€could€conclude€that€the€defendant,€while€in€a€public€place,€knowingly€or€intentionallyÐ ¨ø Ðappeared€in€a€state€of€nudity,€thus€violating€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„Ð ”ä Ð511(a)(1)(A)(ii).€€Although,€by€the€defendantððs€argument,€he€could€not€have€committed€publicÐ €Ð Ðindecency€because€Officer€Strickland€utilized€a€flashlight€to€see€that€the€defendant€was€exposing€hisÐ l¼ Ðpenis,€the€defendantððs€penis€was€in€ð ðplain€viewðð€of€the€officer.€€While€this€statute€has€exceptions€toÐ X ¨ Ðthe€offense€of€public€indecency,€sitting€naked€from€the€waist€down€in€a€public€park€after€dark€is€notÐ D!” Ðamong€them.€€Accordingly,€taking€the€Stateððs€evidence€in€the€most€favorable€light,€we€conclude€thatÐ 0"€  Ðthe€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððs€conviction€for€public€indecency.Ð #l! ÐÌà@@ @ ìàò òDouble€Jeopardy€as€to€Public€Indecencyó óˆÐ ô$D # ÐÌà  àAs€his€next€issue,€the€defendant€argues€that,€since€he€was€convicted€in€the€general€sessionsÐ Ì&"% Ðcourt€of€indecent€exposure,€he€was€acquitted€of€the€offense€of€public€indecency.€€Accordingly,€byÐ ¸'#& Ðhis€argument,€he€could€not€then€be€convicted€of€public€indecency€in€the€Davidson€County€CriminalÐ ¤(ô#' ÐCourt.Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àThe€record€in€this€matter€has€substantial€gaps€between€the€defendantððs€receiving€aÐ ° Ðâ âmisdemeanor€citation€in€Shelby€Park€on€July€30,€2000,€and€being€convicted€of€public€indecency€onÐ œì ÐJuly€31,€2001,€in€the€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court.€€We€now€will€review€that€record,€such€as€itÐ ˆØ Ðis.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àThe€misdemeanor€citation€sets€out,€as€the€ð ðTCA€Codeðð€violated€by€the€defendant,€ð ð39„13„Ð L œ Ð511.ðð€€This€section€is€headed€€ð ðPublic€indecency€ð!ð€Indecent€exposure,ðð€defining€and€proscribing€bothÐ 8 ˆ Ðoffenses.€€The€citation€form€lists€ð ðIndecent€Exposureðð€as€the€ð ðcharge/offense.ððÐ $ t ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„511,€pursuant€to€which€the€defendant€was€charged,Ð ü L  Ðis€styled€ð ðPublic€indecency€ð!ð€Indecent€exposureðð€and€sets€out€both€offenses:Ð è 8  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(a)(1)(A)€A€person€commits€the€offense€of€public€indecency€who,€inÐ À  Ða€public€place,€as€defined€in€subdivision€(a)(2)(B),€knowingly€orÐ ¬ü  Ðintentionally:Иè ` x` x ÐÓ9°,XƒX× N h•X°,XƒX× –X9Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × à(i)à N àEngages€in€sexual€intercourse,€masturbation,€sodomy,Ð „Ô  Ðbestiality,€oral€copulation,€flagellation,€excretory€functions€or€otherÐ pÀ Ðultimate€sex€acts;Ð\¬` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × à(ii)à N àAppears€in€a€state€of€nudity;€orÐH˜` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × à(iii)à N àFondles€the€genitals€of€such€person,€or€another€person.Ð4„` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(B)€A€person€does€not€violate€this€subdivision€(a)(1)€if€such€personÐ  \ Ðmakes€intentional€and€reasonable€attempts€to€conceal€such€personÐ øH Ðfrom€public€view€while€performing€an€excretory€function,€and€suchÐ ä4 Ðperson€performs€such€function€in€an€unincorporated€area€of€the€state.ÐÐ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€.м ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(b)(1)€A€person€commits€the€offense€of€indecent€exposure€who:Шø` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × à(A)à N àIn€a€public€place,€as€defined€in€ðð€39-11-106,€or€on€theÐ ”ä Ðprivate€premises€of€another,€or€so€near€thereto€as€to€be€seen€from€suchÐ €Ð Ðprivate€premises:Ðl¼` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xà(i)€Intentionally:ÐX ¨× ×  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xàà N à(a)€Exposes€such€personððs€genitals€or€buttocks€toÐ D!” Ðanother;€orÐ0"€ × ×  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xàà N à(b)€Engages€in€sexual€contact€or€sexual€penetration€asÐ #l! Ðdefined€in€ðð€39-13-501;€andÐ$X"× ×  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × à(ii)à N àReasonably€expects€that€the€acts€will€be€viewed€by€anotherÐ ô$D # Ðand€such€acts:Ðà%0!$` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xàà N à(a)€Will€offend€an€ordinary€viewer;€orÐÌ&"%× ×  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xàà N à(b)€Are€for€the€purpose€of€sexual€arousal€andÐ ¸'#& Ðgratification€of€the€defendant;€orФ(ô#'× ×  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(B)à × àKnowingly€invites,€entices€or€fraudulently€induces€the€child€ofÐ )à$( Ðâ âanother€into€such€personððs€residence€for€the€purpose€of€attainingÐ |*Ì%) Ðsexual€arousal€or€gratification€by€intentionally€engaging€in€theÐ ° Ðfollowing€conduct€in€the€presence€of€such€child:Мì` x` x Ðâ âà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × à(i)à N àExposure€of€such€personððs€genitals,€buttocks€or€femaleÐ ˆØ Ðbreasts;€orÐtÄ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8× ` x` xà(ii)à0N × × àMasturbation.Ð`°N N  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„511€(Supp.€1999).Ð 8 ˆ ÐÔ#†XiXXXiXZ#ÔÔ‡XiXXXiÔÌà  àThe€ð ðnarrativeðð€provided€in€the€citation€by€Officer€Strickland€states€as€follows:Ð  ` ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà × àOn€7„30„00€myself€and€another€ranger€were€dispatched€on€a€callÐ è 8  Ðregarding€a€suspicious€person€in€an€older€model€vehicle€hanging€[sic]Ð Ô$  Ðin€the€park.€€The€vehicle€matching€that€description€was€spotted.€Ð À  ÐWhen€I€approached€the€vehicle€the€driver€was€sitting€in€the€driverððsÐ ¬ü  Ðseat€of€the€vehicle€with€the€door€open€wearing€a€pair€of€black€kneeÐ ˜è  Ðhigh€stockings€and€some€type€of€bondage€restraint€with€spikes€on€itÐ „Ô  Ðwrapped€around€his€penis€and€testicles.ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌà  àAs€we€have€noted,€the€misdemeanor€citation€form€sets€out€that€the€defendant€violated€ð ðTCAÐ H˜ ÐCode€39„13„511,ðð€which€proscribes€both€public€indecency€and€indecent€exposure.€€Our€review€ofÐ 4„ Ðthe€ð ðnarrativeðð€of€the€defendantððs€acts€shows€that€the€allegations€would€support€either€of€theseÐ  p Ðoffenses.Ô#†XiXXXi/t#ÔÔ‡XiXXXiÔÐ  \ ÐÌà  àAccording€to€the€citation,€the€defendant€was€ð ðfound€guiltyðð€on€November€14,€2000,€in€theÐ ä4 ÐDavidson€County€General€Sessions€Court,€although€the€offense€is€not€identified.€€The€ð ðApplicationÐ Ð  Ðfor€Appeal€to€Criminal€Court€of€a€General€Sessions€Judgmentðð€utilized€by€the€defendant€does€notÐ ¼  Ðspecify€the€offense€for€which€he€was€convicted.€€Subsequently,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€publicÐ ¨ø Ðindecency€in€the€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court.€€The€criminal€court€judgment€form€sets€out€thatÐ ”ä Ðhe€was€charged€with€ð ðindecent€exposureðð€on€what€appears€to€be€ð ð7„30„00,ðð€which€was€marked€overÐ €Ð Ðto€read€ð ð11„14„00.ðð€However,€because€of€the€markover,€it€is€difficult€to€determine€what€was€intendedÐ l¼ Ðto€be€listed€as€the€ð ðfiling€date.ðð€€The€judgment€form€further€sets€out€that€the€defendant€was€convictedÐ X ¨ Ðof€ð ðpublic€indecencyðð€on€July€31,€2001.€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àWe€respectfully€disagree€with€the€defendantððs€argument€that€the€result€of€his€trial€in€generalÐ #l! Ðsessions€court€blocked€his€subsequent€conviction€in€criminal€court€for€public€indecency.€€As€we€haveÐ $X" Ðnoted,€the€misdemeanor€citation,€alleged€that€the€defendant€had€violated€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ ô$D # Ðsection€39„13„511,€which€proscribes€both€public€indecency€and€indecent€exposure,€and€theÐ à%0!$ Ðð ðnarrativeðð€of€the€offense€appears€to€encompass€both€of€these€charges,€although€the€charge€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðð ðindecent€exposureðð€is€listed€as€the€offense.€€Ô#†XiXXXiæx#ÔÔ‡XiXXXiÔà  àÐ ¸'#& ÐÌà  àIn€his€motion€for€new€trial,€the€defendant€argued,€as€Ô#†XiXXXiê#ÔÔ‡XiXXXiÔhe€has€on€appeal,€that€he€had€beenÐ )à$( Ðconvicted€in€the€general€sessions€court€of€indecent€exposure€and€acquitted€of€public€indecency.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐThus,€according€to€his€argument€in€that€motion€and€on€appeal,€he€could€not€then€be€convicted€in€theÐ h+¸&* Ðcriminal€court€of€public€indecency.€€However,€the€trial€court€rejected€that€argument,€saying€thatÐ ° Ðð ð[t]he€Court€has€no€proof€before€it€to€make€such€a€determination.ðð€€We,€likewise,€cannot€divine€fromÐ œì Ðthe€record€on€appeal€of€what€offense€the€defendant€was€convicted€in€the€Davidson€County€GeneralÐ ˆØ ÐSessions€Court.€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€defendant€has€not€presented€a€sufficient€recordÐ tÄ Ðfor€us€to€review€this€issue;€and,€it€is€waived.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Milleróó,€737€S.W.2d€556,€558€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð `° ÐApp.€1987);€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b).Ð L œ ÐÌà  àIn€his€amended€brief,€the€defendant€cites€an€article€entitled€ð ðForum€„€Newsfront€„€whatððsÐ $ t Ðhappening€in€the€sexual€and€social€arenas,ðð€from€the€July€2002€issue€of€òòPlayboyóó€magazine,€the€articleÐ  ` Ðciting,€in€turn,€the€holding€of€the€Massachusetts€Supreme€Judicial€Court€in€òòGay€&€Lesbianóó€òòAdvocatesÐ ü L  Ð&€Defenders€v.€Attorney€Generalóó,€763€N.E.2d€38€(Mass.€2002).€€The€action€was€brought€by€groupsÐ è 8  Ðand€individuals€who€alleged€that€they€had€committed€certain€sexual€acts€ð ðin€their€residences,€vehiclesÐ Ô$  Ðparked€in€a€parking€lot,€wooded€outdoor€areas,€and€secluded€areas€of€public€beaches,ðð€and€fearedÐ À  Ðprosecution€for€these€acts,€which€were€proscribed€by€the€stateððs€ð ðCrimes€against€Chastity,€Morality,Ð ¬ü  ÐDecency€and€Good€Orderðð€prohibiting€the€ð ðabominable€and€detestable€crime€against€nature.ðð€Ð ˜è  ÐArguing€that€the€law€violated€various€of€their€rights,Ô#†XiXXXi€#ÔÔ‡XiXXXiÔ€they€brought€a€declaratory€judgment€actionÐ „Ô  Ðagainst€certain€of€its€provisions.€€However,€noting€that€only€one€of€the€plaintiffs€had€been€prosecuted,Ð pÀ Ðand€that€the€affected€attorneys€general€had€stated€that€ð ðtheir€offices€will€not€prosecute€anyone€underÐ \¬ Ðthe€challenged€laws€absent€probable€cause€to€believe€that€the€prohibited€conduct€occurred€either€inÐ H˜ Ðpublic€or€without€consent,ðð€the€appellate€court€concluded€that€the€plaintiffs€had€failed€to€demonstrateÐ 4„ Ðthat€an€actual€controversy€existed,€and€remanded€the€complaint€to€be€dismissed.€Ð  p ÐÌà  àSeeking€to€utilize€the€holding€in€this€decision,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€State€concededÐ øH Ðin€its€brief€that€indecent€exposure€requires€proof€of€ð ð[i]ntentional€exposure€of€a€personððs€genitals€inÐ ä4 Ða€public€place€to€one€or€more€persons€with€the€reasonable€expectation€that€the€acts€will€be€viewedÐ Ð  Ðby€another€and€the€acts€will€offend€the€viewing€person€or€are€for€sexual€arousal€or€gratification.ðð€€HeÐ ¼  Ðthen€asserts€that€he€should€not€have€been€convicted€because€there€is€no€proof€that€it€was€unreasonableÐ ¨ø Ðfor€the€defendant€to€believe€that€he€would€not€be€seen€by€others.€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àWe€respectfully€disagree€that€the€additional€authority€or€related€argument€presented€in€theÐ l¼ Ðdefendantððs€brief€is€relevant.€The€determination€in€òòGay€&€Lesbian€Advocates€&€Defendersóó€is€onlyÐ X ¨ Ðthat€the€plaintiffs€had€failed€to€present€a€justiciable€controversy,€resulting€in€the€dismissal€of€theirÐ D!” Ðaction.€€Likewise,€the€quoted€language€from€the€Stateððs€brief€refers€to€indecent€exposure,€not€publicÐ 0"€  Ðindecency€of€which€the€defendant€was€convicted.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€presented€also€as€an€issue€the€claim€that€ð ð[t]he€evidence€testified€to€by€theÐ ô$D # Ðprosecuting€witness€should€have€been€suppressed.ðð€€However,€since€this€argument€otherwise€is€notÐ à%0!$ Ðpursued€and€no€references€are€made€to€the€record,€we€find€that€it€is€waived.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.Ð Ì&"% ÐApp.€R.€10(b).Ô#†XiXXXiºˆ#ÔÔ‡XiXXXiÔÐ ¸'#& ÐÌÌÌà@FF%ìàò òòòCONCLUSIONóóó óˆÐ h+¸&* Їà  àBased€upon€the€foregoing€authorities€and€reasoning,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€conviction.Ð ° ÐÌÌà8  à€Ô#†XiXXXi’#ÔÐtÄÐ Ð  Ðà  àà ` àà × àà N àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð `° Ðà  àà ` àà × àà N àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE