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àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€June€2,€2004Ð öF ÐÔ#†XÏ—X»¼ ‘#ÔÔ‡¼ »XXÏ—ÔÌò òÔ#†XÏ—X»¼ 4#ÔÔ‡¼ »XXÏ—ÔòòóóSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEÔ#†XÏ—X»¼ z#ÔÔ‡¼ »XXÏ—Ôó ó€ò òv.€Ô#†XÏ—X»¼ Ô#ÔÔ‡¼ »XXÏ—ÔÔ#†¼x»»¼ a#ÔÔ‡¼ »»¼xÂÔòòCARLOS€Ô_ÔEDDINGSÔ_Ôóóó óÔ#†XÏ—X»¼ #ÔÔ‡¼ »XXÏ—ÔÔ#†¼x»»¼ b#ÔÔ‡¼ »»¼xÂÔÐ  f ÐÌÔ#†XÏ—X»¼ Û#Ôò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ : Š Ðà@@t t ìàNo.€01„03777€€€€W.€Otis€Ô_ÔHiggsÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ $ t ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€VT) °°` d€÷E<á` AßÐ â2  ÐÌà@@››ìàNo.€W2003„02255„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€October€8,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ Û+  ÐÌßA€VT) °°` dE<®` AßÐ ¯ÿ  Ðó óÌÓÓThe€Defendant,€Carlos€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô,€was€tried€and€convicted€for€aggravated€robbery,€and€the€trial€courtÐ §÷  Ðsentenced€the€Defendant€to€ten€years€in€prison.€€The€Defendant€appeals€contending€that:€€(1)€the€trialÐ à Ðcourt€permitted€improper€closing€argument€by€the€State;€and€(2)€the€trial€court€improperly€appliedÐ yÉ Ðenhancement€factors€when€sentencing€the€Defendant.€€In€a€supplemental€òòproóó€òòseóó€letter,€the€DefendantÐ b² Ðasks€this€Court€to€consider€whether€the€trial€court€improperly€gave€the€jury€an€instruction€after€itÐ K› Ðbegan€deliberating.€€After€a€through€review€of€the€record€and€applicable€case€law,€we€conclude€that,Ð 4„ Ðbased€on€òòÔ_ÔBlakelyÔ_Ô€v.€Washingtonóó,€the€sentence€must€be€modified€to€a€term€of€eight€years.€€OtherwiseÐ m Ðthe€judgments€of€the€trial€court€are€affirmed.€Ð V ÐÔ#†X(ÔXXXÏ—#ÔÌÓsÓÔ‡XÏ—XXX(ÔÔò òÓ  ÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed€in€Part,Ð Ø( ÐModified€in€Part,€and€Remandedó óÐ Â ÐÓÓÌòòRobert€W.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Welles,€J.,Ð •å Ðóójoined.€€òòDavid€G.€Hayes,€J.óó,€filed€a€concurring€and€dissenting€opinion.Ð ~Î ÐÌGarland€Ô_ÔErgudenÔ_Ô,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Carlos€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô.Ð P   ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Kathy€D.€Ô_ÔAslingerÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ""r! ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€David€Zak,€Assistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÔ#†X(ÔXXXÏ—– #ÔÔ‡XÏ—XXX(ÔÔ,€forÐ  #[" Ðthe€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ô#D# ÐÌÓg Óò òÓ  ÓOPINIONó óÐ Æ%!% ÐòòóóÔ#†X(ÔXXXÏ—&#ÔÔ‡XÏ—XXX(ÔÔò òI.€Factsó óÐ °&"& ÐÔ#†X(ÔXXXÏ—ý#ÔÓ©ÓÓÓÌà  àThis€case€arises€out€of€the€Defendantððs€conviction€for€the€aggravated€robbery€of€the€victim,Ð ƒ(Ó#( ÐCeleste€Williamson,€on€October€23,€2000.Ð l)¼$) ÐÌÌà@WWìàò òA.€€Facts€Presented€at€Trialó óˆÐ ',w', ÐÐ -a(- ÐÑ^ÆÑâ ^âÑ8€(ÔXXdédÈ8ÑÑ€[Ñâ ^âÑ  Ñà  àAt€the€Defendantððs€trial,€the€following€evidence€was€presented.€€Celeste€Williamson,€theÐ ° Ðvictim,€testified€that€she€has€been€employed€with€Direct€Insurance€since€March€of€1997,€and€workedÐ ™é Ðat€the€office€located€in€Shelby€County.€€She€said€that,€on€October€23,€2000,€she€opened€the€officeÐ ‚Ò Ðat€approximately€ten€minutes€before€9€a.m.€€Williamson€testified€that,€after€she€went€into€the€officeÐ k» Ðand€turned€off€the€alarm€system,€she€went€to€her€desk€and€began€doing€paperwork.€€She€said€that€atÐ T¤ Ð9:05€a.m.€two€black€men,€one€tall€with€a€mask€on€and€an€automatic€weapon€and€the€other€withoutÐ =  Ða€mask€and€with€a€roll€of€duct€tape,€came€in€the€front€door€of€the€office.€€The€men€came€toward€herÐ & v Ðand€started€yelling€ð ðb****,€hurry€up.€€Weððre€here€to€rob€you€and€weððve€only€got€two€minutes€soÐ  _ Ðhurry€up.ðð€€Williamson€identified€the€Defendant€as€the€man€who€entered€her€office€with€the€roll€ofÐ ø H Ðduct€tape.Ð á 1  ÐÌà  àWilliamson€testified€that€the€Defendant€got€behind€her€and€was€choking€her€as€he€wrappedÐ ³  Ðher€mouth,€face,€and€nose€with€duct€tape.€€She€said€that€the€men€dragged€her€to€the€safe€and€thenÐ œì  Ðordered€her€to€open€the€safe.€€The€men€were€on€either€side€of€her€while€she€was€on€her€kneesÐ …Õ  Ðopening€the€safe.€€She€said€that€the€man€with€the€mask€held€the€gun€to€her€while€she€was€trying€toÐ n¾  Ðget€the€keys€in€the€safe€in€order€to€get€it€open.€€She€said€that€she€was€nervous€and€could€not€breathe.€Ð W§  ÐWilliamson€testified€that€she€finally€got€the€safe€open€and€gave€the€men€the€two€bags€inside,€whichÐ @ Ðcontained€approximately€$1700.00€in€cash,€money€orders,€and€checks.€€She€testified€that€the€manÐ )y Ðwith€the€gun€wiped€his€fingerprints€off€of€the€safe€after€he€touched€the€safe.€Ô_ÔÔ_ÔÐ b ÐÌà  àWilliamson€said€that,€after€she€gave€the€men€the€money,€the€man€with€the€mask€told€her€toÐ ä4 Ðget€down€on€the€floor,€and€then€he€put€the€gun€to€her€head€and€told€her€not€to€tell€anyone€and€not€toÐ Í Ðcall€the€police.€€She€said€that€the€Defendant€then€retrieved€her€billfold€containing€her€credit€cards,€Ð ¶ Ðdriverððs€license,€and€$295.00,€and€told€her€not€to€tell€anyone€because€they€had€her€personalÐ Ÿï Ðinformation€and€would€kill€her€if€she€did.€€Williamson€said€that€she€was€scared€for€her€life€and,€asÐ ˆØ Ða€result,€she€suffered€a€heart€attack.€€Williamson€explained€that,€after€the€men€left,€she€got€up€off€theÐ qÁ Ðfloor€and€was€having€chest€pains,€her€head€was€hurting,€and€she€was€getting€nauseated.€€She€said€thatÐ Zª Ðshe€ran€out€the€front€room€door€and€to€a€ð ðcash€placeðð€located€a€ð ðcouple€of€doors€downðð€from€herÐ C“ Ðoffice.€€She€testified€that€the€employees€at€the€ð ðcash€placeðð€called€911,€and€the€operator€told€her€notÐ ,| Ðto€remove€the€duct€tape.€€Williamson€said€that,€when€the€police€came,€she€explained€to€them€whatÐ e Ðhad€happened€and€provided€them€with€a€description€of€the€intruders,€before€being€taken€byÐ þN Ðambulance€to€the€hospital.€€She€said€that€she€told€the€police€that,€during€the€robbery,€she€noticed€aÐ ç 7 Ðscar€that€looked€like€a€zipper€on€the€wrist€of€the€unmasked€intruder.€€Ð Ð!   ÐÌà  àWilliamson€said€that,€at€the€hospital,€she€was€diagnosed€as€having€suffered€a€heart€attack.€Ð ¢#ò" ÐAs€a€result,€Williamson€was€in€the€hospital€for€four€days€and€was€then€sent€home.€€She€testified€thatÐ ‹$Û# Ðthe€police€came€to€her€home€to€show€her€an€array€of€six€photographs€from€which€she€identified€theÐ t%Ä $ Ðpicture€of€the€Defendant€as€the€unmasked€intruder.€€Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Williamson€testified€that€she€did€not€notice€whether€the€unmaskedÐ /(#' Ðintruder€had€a€tattoo€of€the€name€ð ðCarlosðð€on€his€arm.€€She€said€that,€on€November€3,€2000,€sheÐ )h$( Ðidentified€the€Defendantððs€picture€from€a€photo€array€of€six€photographs,€and€then€she€was€shownÐ *Q%) Ðphotographs€of€the€scar€on€the€Defendantððs€wrist.€€Further,€she€said€that,€on€November€21,€2000,€sheÐ ê*:&* Ðgave€the€police€a€statement€regarding€the€incident,€which€she€signed.€€Williamson€testified€that€sheÐ Ó+#'+ Ðcould€not€remember€on€which€of€the€Defendantððs€wrists€the€scar€was€located.€€Ð ° ÐÌà  àSherry€Brooks€testified€that,€in€October€of€2000,€she€was€employed€by€National€CheckÐ ‚Ò ÐCashing,€which€is€located€near€Direct€Insurance.€€She€said€that,€a€few€minutes€before€9€a.m.€on€theÐ k» Ðmorning€of€October€23,€2000,€she€saw€two€men€walk€past€the€building.€€She€said€that€she€noticedÐ T¤ Ðthe€men€because€she€wondered€if€they€were€going€to€come€into€her€store.€€She€described€both€menÐ =  Ðas€ð ðtall€and€slim,ðð€and€explained€that€the€taller€of€the€two€men€had€ð ðbig€lips.ðð€€Brooks€testified€that,Ð & v Ða€few€minutes€later,€Williamson€came€running€in€the€door€ð ðtaped€upðð€and€crying.€€She€explained€thatÐ  _ ÐWilliamson€could€not€talk€because€she€had€tape€covering€her€mouth.€€Brooks€and€her€co„workers€letÐ ø H ÐWilliamson€in€and€then€locked€the€door€behind€her.€€Brooks€said€that€she€asked€Williamson€if€sheÐ á 1  Ðhad€been€robbed,€and€Williamson€responded€affirmatively.€€Brooks€testified€that€she€called€theÐ Ê   Ðpolice€and€they€came€to€her€office€and€took€a€report.€€On€cross„examination,€Brooks€said€that€theÐ ³  ÐDefendant€was€not€the€same€size,€in€his€weight,€as€either€of€the€men€she€saw€on€the€day€of€theÐ œì  Ðrobbery.Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àSergeant€Kelly,€an€officer€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department,€testified€that€she€collectedÐ W§  Ðevidence,€including€duct€tape€from€the€crime€scene,€and€took€pictures€of€the€crime€scene.€€She€saidÐ @ Ðthat€she€turned€this€evidence€and€other€fingerprint€cards€that€she€collected€over€to€ð ðprocessingðð€andÐ )y Ðhad€not€yet€heard€the€results.€€Ð b ÐÌà  àSergeant€Ben€Ô_ÔPruittÔ_Ô,€and€officer€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department,€testified€that€heÐ ä4 Ðinvestigated€the€robbery€at€Direct€Insurance€on€October€23,€2000.€€He€stated€that,€later€in€the€dayÐ Í Ðafter€the€robbery€occurred,€the€police€received€information€that€Williamsonððs€credit€card€had€beenÐ ¶ Ðused€at€a€gas€station.€€The€sergeant€testified€that€he€went€to€the€gas€station€and€interviewed€severalÐ Ÿï Ðpeople€who€remembered€the€men€that€used€the€credit€card.€€He€explained€that€the€gas€stationÐ ˆØ Ðemployees€identified€and€recognized€the€car€the€men€using€the€credit€card€were€in€and€ð ðknewÐ qÁ Ðvaguely€where€the€car€belonged€and€who€owned€it.ðð€€Sergeant€Ô_ÔPruittÔ_Ô€said€that,€based€upon€thisÐ Zª Ðinformation,€he€obtained€and€executed€a€search€warrant€and,€in€the€car,€he€found€a€ð ðknit€cap[]€thatÐ C“ Ðhad€a€hole€cut€through€it€.€.€.€some€gloves€and€jacket€and€clothes.ðð€€Ð ,| ÐÌà  àThe€sergeant€said€that€he€was€present€when€they€showed€Williamson€a€photo€array€of€six€menÐ þN Ðand€asked€her€if€she€recognized€any€of€the€men€as€the€perpetrator€of€the€robbery.€€He€said€that,€at€theÐ ç 7 Ðtime,€he€explained€to€Williamson€that€these€men€may€or€may€not€have€anything€to€do€with€the€crimeÐ Ð!   Ðand€not€to€pick€anyone€out€unless€she€was€certain€that€who€she€was€picking€was€the€man€whoÐ ¹" ! Ðcommitted€the€crime.€€Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌà  àThe€sergeant€stated€that€he€was€present€when€the€Defendant€was€arrested€on€November€2,Ð t%Ä $ Ð2000,€and€when€the€Defendant€confessed€to€the€crime.€€He€said€that€he€checked€on€the€DefendantÐ ]&­!% Ðapproximately€every€fifteen€minutes€before€he€gave€the€Defendant,€and€the€Defendant€signed,€aÐ F'–"& Ðwaiver€of€his€Miranda€rights.€€The€sergeant€said€that,€later,€the€Defendant€orally€confessed€to€theÐ /(#' Ðcrime,€and€then€he€signed€a€written€confession.€€The€sergeant€recounted€that,€in€the€DefendantððsÐ )h$( Ðconfession,€he€said€that€he€and€another€man€randomly€ended€up€at€Direct€Insurance€and€decided€toÐ *Q%) Ðrob€it.€€He€told€the€officer€that€he€took€duct€tape€and€taped€the€victim€and€that€the€other€individualÐ ê*:&* Ðwas€armed€with€a€gun.€€The€officer€said€that€the€Defendant€told€him€that€the€two€men€obtainedÐ Ó+#'+ Ðapproximately€$2000€from€the€robbery€and€the€Defendantððs€share€was€$500.€€Sergeant€Ô_ÔPruittÔ_Ô€statedÐ ° Ðthat€he€and€another€officer€took€photographs€of€the€Defendantððs€arm,€which€had€a€large€scar.€€Ð ™é ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination€the€officer€testified€that€the€search€warrant€that€he€executed€was€toÐ k» Ðsearch€for€ð ðMaurice€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ôðð€and€described€him€as€having€a€scar.€€The€officer€also€testified€that€theÐ T¤ ÐDefendant€was€six€feet€two€inches€and€weighed€approximately€235€pounds,€which€does€not€matchÐ =  Ðthe€description€in€the€search€warrant.€€The€officer€said€that,€on€the€day€after€the€Defendant€wasÐ & v Ðarrested,€he€brought€the€Defendant€up€to€his€office€to€speak€with€the€Defendant€early€in€the€day,€andÐ  _ Ðhandcuffed€the€Defendant€to€a€bench.€€He€said€the€Defendant€did€not€sign€the€waiver€of€rights€formÐ ø H Ðuntil€12:54€p.m.€that€afternoon,€and€did€not€sign€his€confession€until€5:30€p.m.€€The€officer€concededÐ á 1  Ðthat€some€people€lie€when€giving€a€statement€to€police.€€The€officer€also€stated€that€the€employeesÐ Ê   Ðat€the€gas€station€provided€the€name€and€description€of€Maurice€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô€and€not€Carlos€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô.€Ð ³  ÐSergeant€Ô_ÔPruittÔ_Ô€stated€that€none€of€the€items€found€during€the€search€that€were€suspect,€i.e.,Ð œì  Ðpantyhose,€masks,€and€a€BB€gun,€were€found€in€the€Defendantððs€possession.Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àJames€Dalton€testified€that€he€was€employed€with€the€Ô_ÔTutwellÔ_Ô€Oil€Company€and€that,€onÐ W§  ÐNovember€1,€2000,€police€officers€came€into€his€gas€station€and€asked€him€questions€about€a€patronÐ @ Ðwho€had€used€a€stolen€credit€card.€€Dalton€testified€that€he€reviewed€with€police€surveillance€cameraÐ )y Ðrecordings€to€look€at€the€date€and€time€that€the€stolen€credit€card€was€used€in€his€store€and,€from€that,Ð b Ðthe€police€officers€developed€and€showed€him€a€photo€array€and€asked€him€to€pick€out€the€man€usingÐ ûK Ðthe€stolen€credit€card.€€Dalton€stated€that€the€man€that€used€the€stolen€credit€card€was€a€regularÐ ä4 Ðcustomer,€who€usually€paid€in€cash.€€Dalton€testified€that€the€man€was€not€the€Defendant€and€theÐ Í ÐDefendant€was€not€with€the€man€using€the€card.€€Ð ¶ ÐÌà  àDennis€Ô_ÔMcNeilÔ_Ô,€an€officer€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department,€testified€that€he€wasÐ ˆØ Ðinvolved€in€the€robbery€investigation€in€this€case.€€He€said€that€he€interviewed€the€Defendant€withÐ qÁ ÐSergeant€Craig€and€that€no€one€promised€the€Defendant€anything€or€promised€the€Defendant€that€heÐ Zª Ðcould€leave€if€he€confessed€to€the€crime.€€On€cross„examination,€the€officer€stated€that€he€had€no€ideaÐ C“ Ðwhat€was€said€to€the€Defendant€prior€to€interviewing€him.€€The€officer€said€that€Sergeant€Ô_ÔPruittÔ_Ô,€whoÐ ,| Ðis€Caucasian,€asked€he€and€Lieutenant€Craig,€who€are€both€African„American,€to€speak€with€theÐ e ÐDefendant€because€the€Defendant€did€not€want€to€ð ðtalk€to€a€white€officer.ððÐ þN ÐÌà  àLieutenant€Anthony€F.€Craig,€an€officer€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department,€testified€thatÐ Ð!   Ðhe€interviewed€the€Defendant.€€He€said€that€he€spoke€with€the€Defendant€about€general€informationÐ ¹" ! Ðand€not€about€the€details€of€the€case€itself.€€He€explained€that€he€did€not€make€any€promises€to€theÐ ¢#ò" ÐDefendant.€€On€cross„examination,€Lieutenant€Craig€stated€that€the€Defendant€did€not€confess€toÐ ‹$Û# Ðhim.Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌà  àSergeant€Matthew€S.€Ô_ÔPughÔ_Ô,€an€officer€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department,€testified€thatÐ F'–"& Ðhe€worked€on€this€investigation,€and,€during€his€investigation,€he€learned€that€some€of€the€victimððsÐ /(#' Ðpersonal€items,€including€credit€cards,€had€been€taken.€€Accordingly,€he€checked€with€the€bank€toÐ )h$( Ðsee€if€any€of€those€items€had€been€used,€and€he€learned€that€one€of€the€credit€cards€was€used€at€a€gasÐ *Q%) Ðstation.€€The€officer€said€that,€from€gas€stationððs€surveillance€tapes,€a€gas€station€attendantÐ ê*:&* Ðrecognized€a€car€from€the€neighborhood€whose€occupants€used€the€credit€card.€€The€attendant€toldÐ Ó+#'+ Ðthe€officer€where€the€car€was€usually€parked€in€the€neighborhood.€€The€officer€said€that€he€found€theÐ ° Ðcar€and€discovered€that€it€was€registered€to€Maurice€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô.€€He€said€that€he€got€a€photograph€ofÐ ™é ÐMaurice€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô€and€made€a€photo€array,€from€which€the€gas€station€attendant€identified€MauriceÐ ‚Ò ÐÔ_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô€as€the€driver€of€the€car€and€the€man€that€used€the€credit€card.€€The€officer€said€that,€basedÐ k» Ðupon€this€information,€he€obtained€a€search€warrant€naming€Maurice€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô€and€an€unknown€maleÐ T¤ Ðwith€a€six„inch€long€scar€on€his€arm.€€Ð =  ÐÌà  àOfficer€Ô_ÔPughÔ_Ô€testified€that,€when€he€executed€the€search€warrant,€Maurice€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ôðð€motherÐ  _ Ðtold€one€of€the€officers€that€she€had€another€son€named€Carlos€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô€and€that€he€had€a€six„inchÐ ø H Ðscar€on€one€of€his€arms.€€She€then€provided€an€address€where€Carlos€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô€could€be€found.€€TheÐ á 1  Ðofficer€said€that€they€found€Carlos€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô,€the€Defendant,€at€the€address€provided€and€took€him€intoÐ Ê   Ðpolice€custody.€€Officer€Ô_ÔPughÔ_Ô€stated€that,€thereafter,€he€brought€a€photo€array,€which€included€theÐ ³  ÐDefendantððs€photograph,€to€Williamsonððs€home,€and€she€identified€the€Defendant€as€one€of€theÐ œì  Ðrobbers.€€He€said€that€Williamson€also€positively€identified€pictures€of€the€scar€on€the€DefendantððsÐ …Õ  Ðarm€as€the€same€as€the€scar€that€she€noticed€on€the€robber.€€Ð n¾  ÐÌà  àThe€officer€said€that,€after€Williamsonððs€identification,€he€went€back€to€the€police€station€toÐ @ Ðinterview€the€Defendant.€€He€said€that€he€advised€the€Defendant€of€his€rights€and€tried€to€ð ðbuild€aÐ )y Ðrapportðð€with€him.€€The€officer€said€that€he€told€the€Defendant€that€the€victim€had€identified€him€andÐ b Ðhad€identified€the€scar€on€his€arm.€€Officer€Ô_ÔPughÔ_Ô€said€that€the€Defendant€wanted€to€confess,€and€theÐ ûK Ðofficer€took€his€statement.€€The€officer€said€that€the€Defendant€described€the€crime€to€him€from€theÐ ä4 Ðtime€that€the€Defendant€and€the€Defendantððs€brother„in„law€entered€Direct€Insurance€Company€untilÐ Í Ðthe€time€that€they€left.€€The€Defendant€told€him€that€his€brother„in„law€planned€the€robbery€and€wasÐ ¶ Ðarmed€with€a€semi„automatic€handgun€during€the€robbery.€€The€Defendant€said€that€his€€brother„in„Ð Ÿï Ðlaw€told€him€to€duct€tape€the€victim€and€to€look€for€money€inside€the€business.€€He€told€the€officerÐ ˆØ Ðhow€he€and€his€brother„in„law€split€the€money€after€the€robbery.€€The€officer€read€the€DefendantððsÐ qÁ Ðstatement,€stating:Ð Zª ÐÌà8  àQuestion:€Did€you€participate€in€the€robbery€of€Direct€Insurance€Company€locatedÐ ,| Ðat€3388€North€Watkins,€which€occurred€on€October€23,€2000,€at€approximately€9Ð e Ða.m.?€Answer:€Yes,€sir.€€Question:€€Who€was€with€you€during€the€robbery?€€Answer:Ð þN Ð.€.€.€My€brother„in„law.€€Question:€Were€you€armed€with€a€weapon?€€Answer:€No,€IÐ ç 7 Ðwas€not.€€No,€sir.€€Question:€Was€[your€brother„in„law]€armed€with€a€weapon?€Ð Ð!   ÐAnswer:€Yes,€sir.€€Question:€Were€you€wearing€a€mask?€€Answer:€No,€sir.€.€.€.Ð ¹" ! ÐQuestion:€€Was€[your€brother„in„law]€wearing€a€mask?€€Answer:€Yes,€sir.€€Question:Ð ¢#ò" ÐWho€planned€the€robbery?€€Answer:€It€just€happened,€a€really€bad€mistake€of€mine.€Ð ‹$Û# ÐQuestion:€Why€Direct€Insurance€company?€€Answer:€It€really€was€not€just€an€exactÐ t%Ä $ Ðreason€why€Direct€Insurance.€€Question:€Did€you€know€that€Direct€Insurance€kept€aÐ ]&­!% Ðlot€of€money€inside?€€Answer:€Just€I€did€not€know€that,€no,€sir.€€Question:€€Did€youÐ F'–"& Ðor€[your€brother„in„law]€know€any€employees€that€worked€inside?€€Answer:€No,€sir.€Ð /(#' ÐQuestion:€To€your€knowledge,€does€[your€brother„in„law]€or€any€of€your€family€haveÐ )h$( Ðinsurance€with€Direct?€€Answer:€No,€sir,€not€to€my€knowledge.€€Ð*Q%)Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€officer€testified€that,€through€his€investigation,€he€learned€that€Maurice€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô€had€a€businessÐ Ó+#'+ Ðrelationship€with€Direct€Insurance.€€The€officer€continued€reading€the€Defendantððs€statement,€stating:Ð ° ÐÌà8  àQuestion:€Explain€to€me€in€your€own€words€the€events€leading€up€to€the€robbery€andÐ ‚Ò Ðduring€the€robbery.€€Answer:€I€spent€the€night€over€there€that€night€with€[my€brother„Ð k» Ðin„law]€.€.€.€.€We€walked€ð!ð€parked€the€car,€like,€by€the€check€cashing€place€basicallyÐ T¤ Ðon€the€corner.€€I€walked€in€.€.€.€first,€and€[my€brother„in„law]€came€in€behind€me.€€IÐ =  Ðtold€the€lady€to€be€quiet€and€donððt€say€anything€and€I€attempted€to€put€gray€tape€onÐ & v Ðher€mouth.€€The€tape€didnððt€stick,€and€I€attempted€to€wrap€the€tape€around€her€andÐ  _ Ðshe€.€.€.€got€the€keys€and€opened€the€safe.€[My€brother„in„law]€took€the€money€out€ofÐ ø H Ðthe€safe€and€we€left.€€Question:€Did€you€or€[your€brother„in„law]€take€the€ladyððsÐ á 1  Ðpocketbook?€€Answer:€[My€brother„in„law]€took€it.€€Question:€What€kind€of€vehicleÐ Ê   Ðwere€you€and€[your€brother„in„law]€occupying?€€Answer:€A€gray€Cavalier,€hisÐ ³  Ðmotherððs€car.€€Question:€What€was€in€the€safe?€€Answer:€[My€brother„in„law]Ð œì  Ðgrabbed€the€little€pouch€thing€and€he€got€the€ladyððs€wallet.€€Question:€How€muchÐ …Õ  Ðmoney€did€you€see€after€the€robbery?€€Answer:€It€was€like€close€to€$2,000.€€Question:Ð n¾  ÐDid€you€see€any€checks€in€the€pouch?€€Answer:€Yes.€€I€saw€the€checks€and€we€threwÐ W§  Ðthem€away.€€I€think€[my€brother„in„law]€threw€them€in€the€trash€at€home.€€Question:Ð @ ÐDid€you€see€[your€brother„in„law]€with€the€ladyððs€pocketbook?€€Answer:€Yes,€sir.Ð)yÐ Ð  Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à.€.€.€Question:€What€happened€to€the€contents€of€the€pocketbook?€€Answer:Ð ûK ÐWe€had€that.€€I€donððt€know€exactly€what€he€did€with€it€ð!ð€he€had€that€.€.€.€.€€Question:Ð ä4 ÐWhere€did€you€go€after€the€robbery?€€Answer:€To€[my€brother„in„lawððs]€house€.€.€.Ð Í Ð.€€Question:€.€.€.€What€did€you€get€as€a€result€of€this€robbery?€€Answer:€A€little€overÐ ¶ Ð$500.€€Question:€Was€there€anyone€else€at€the€house€when€you€and€[your€brother„in„Ð Ÿï Ðlaw]€split€the€money€up?€€Answer:€No,€sir.€€Question:€Did€[your€brother„in„law]€giveÐ ˆØ Ðany€of€the€contents€to€Maurice?€€Answer:€Not€to€my€knowledge.€€Answer:€.€.€.€DidÐ qÁ Ðyou€see€Maurice€the€day€of€the€robbery?€€Answer:€No,€sir.€€Question:€What€type€ofÐ Zª Ðweapon€did€[your€brother„in„law]€have€during€the€robbery?€€Answer:€It€was€aÐ C“ Ðhandgun.€€I€donððt€know€for€sure€what€kind€but€you€rack€it€back.€€Itððs€black.€€Question:Ð ,| ÐHave€you€ever€seen€[your€brother„in„law]€with€a€gun€before?€€Answer:€No,€sir.€Ð e ÐQuestion:€Have€you€and€[your€brother„in„law]€ever€committed€any€other€robberies?€Ð þN ÐAnswer:€No,€sir.€.€.€.€Question:€Do€you€have€any€of€the€money€left?€€Answer:€No,€sir.€Ð ç 7 ÐI€spent€it€all.€€I€canððt€recall€where.€€Question:€Is€there€anything€else€you€would€likeÐ Ð!   Ðto€add€to€this€statement?€€Answer:€Yes,€sir.€€I€really€wasnððt€trying€to€hurt€anybody.€Ð ¹" ! ÐI€know€that€was€a€big€mistake€and€I€am€very€sorry.€€If€itððs€possible,€Iððll€get€a€job€andÐ ¢#ò" Ðdo€whatever€they€say€and€replace€what€they€say€is€missing.€€Honestly,€Iððm€not€justÐ ‹$Û# Ða€bad€person.€€Never€been€involved€in€anything.€.€.€.Ðt%Ä $Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€officer€then€testified€that€he€took€a€photograph€of€the€Defendantððs€right€arm€that€showed€his€scarÐ F'–"& Ðand€another€of€the€Defendantððs€left€arm€that€showed€a€tattoo€of€his€name.€€Ð /(#' ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Officer€Ô_ÔPughÔ_Ô€testified€that€the€incident€report,€which€was€madeÐ *Q%) Ðshortly€after€the€robbery€was€reported,€indicated€that€the€robbery€was€perpetrated€by€three€men.€€TheÐ ê*:&* Ðofficer€also€stated€that€the€search€warrant€that€he€prepared€was€for€ð ðan€unknown€Ô_ÔmaleÔ_Ô€black,Ð Ó+#'+ Ðapproximately€22€years€old,€medium€build,€medium€complexion,€short€natural€Afro,€with€a€.€.€.€six„Ð ° Ðinch€scar€on€left€arm,ðð€and€then€he€conceded€that€he€would€not€describe€the€Defendant€as€having€aÐ ™é Ðmedium€build.€€Officer€Ô_ÔPughÔ_Ô€stated€that,€after€issuing€the€search€warrant,€he€did€not€find€a€moneyÐ ‚Ò Ðbag€or€any€checks€in€any€garbage€cans.€€The€officer€stated€that€the€Defendant€did€not€complete€highÐ k» Ðschool.Ð T¤ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€on€his€own€behalf€that€he€was€arrested€while€at€his€brother„in„lawððsÐ & v Ðhouse€and€taken€to€a€gas€station€and€then€to€the€police€station.€€The€Defendant€admitted€that€he€hasÐ  _ Ðpreviously€been€arrested€for€theft€of€property.€€The€Defendant€said€that,€after€he€was€arrested€for€thisÐ ø H Ðcrime,€he€spent€the€night€in€jail€and,€in€the€morning,€he€was€brought€up€to€speak€with€police€officers.€Ð á 1  ÐHe€said€that€Officer€Ô_ÔPughÔ_Ô€and€another€officer€spoke€with€him€in€the€morning€and€told€him€that€heÐ Ê   Ðhad€been€involved€in€a€robbery.€€The€Defendant€denied€any€involvement€in€the€October€23,€2000,Ð ³  Ðrobbery€of€Direct€Insurance.€€He€said€that€he€told€the€police€that€he€had€been€involved€in€the€robberyÐ œì  Ðbecause€they€had€been€holding€him€all€day€and€ð ðconstantly€coming€back€and€forth.ðð€€He€said€thatÐ …Õ  Ðthe€officers€told€him€what€was€missing€from€Direct€Insurance,€how€much€money€had€been€stolen€andÐ n¾  Ðprovided€him€other€details€of€the€crime.€€The€Defendant€said€that,€at€first,€he€denied€involvement€inÐ W§  Ðthe€crime,€but€later€the€officers€told€him€that€he€could€go€home€if€he€told€them€about€his€involvementÐ @ Ðin€the€crime.€€He€said€that€the€police€officers€came€in€and€started€yelling€and€ð ðsmacking€me€around.ðð€Ð )y ÐHe€said€they€told€him€ð ðððlook,€you€are€going€to€make€something€up€right€now.€€Or€if€you€donððt,€weÐ b Ðare€going€to€lock€you€up€for€the€rest€of€your€life.€€But€if€you€do,€weððll€just€let€you€go.ðððð€TheÐ ûK ÐDefendant€explained€that€he€was€able€to€make€the€statement€that€he€made€from€the€facts€that€theÐ ä4 Ðpolice€had€told€him.€€Ð Í ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€that€he€has€a€scar€on€his€arm,€but€it€is€on€the€outside€of€his€forearmÐ Ÿï Ðand€not€on€the€inside€as€Williamson€had€testified.€€The€Defendant€said€that€this€was€the€first€time€thatÐ ˆØ Ðhe€had€ever€been€arrested€and€the€first€time€he€was€ever€questioned€by€police.€€He€said€that€he€hadÐ qÁ Ðbeen€handcuffed€to€a€bench€for€eight€or€nine€hours€before€the€police€talked€to€him.€€The€DefendantÐ Zª Ðsaid€that€the€only€reason€he€gave€the€statement€that€he€did€was€because€he€was€trying€to€get€theÐ C“ Ðpolice€to€leave€him€alone€and€because€he€believed€them€when€they€said€that€he€could€go€home€if€heÐ ,| Ðtold€them€that€he€committed€the€robbery.€€Ð e ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€the€Defendant€testified€that€he€is€about€six€feet€and€one€inch€in€heightÐ ç 7 Ðand€weighs€approximately€280€pounds.€€He€said€that€he€has€a€scar€on€his€right€arm€and€a€tattoo€ofÐ Ð!   Ðhis€name€on€his€left€arm,€close€to€his€elbow.€€The€Defendant€said€that€his€brother€Maurice€is€skinnierÐ ¹" ! Ðthan€he€is€and€also€said€that€he€did€not€believe€that€his€brother€used€the€victimððs€credit€card.€€TheÐ ¢#ò" ÐDefendant€denied€ever€going€to€Direct€Insurance€and€denied€knowing€the€victim.€€The€DefendantÐ ‹$Û# Ðsaid€that€he€did€not€listen€to€the€officers€as€they€read€him€his€rights,€and€he€just€did€what€theyÐ t%Ä $ Ðwanted.€€He€testified€that€the€officers€told€him€that€he€could€pick€either€his€brother€or€his€brother„in„Ð ]&­!% Ðlaw€to€be€his€accomplice€in€the€crime,€but€that€he€had€to€pick€one,€so€he€picked€his€brother„in„law.€Ð F'–"& ÐThe€Defendant€said€that€the€police€told€him€what€to€say€and€that,€while€giving€his€statement,€heÐ /(#' Ðrepeated€to€them€the€information€that€they€gave€him.€€The€Defendant€denied€any€knowledge€of€theÐ )h$( Ðrobbery€until€he€was€arrested€and€informed€about€the€crime€by€the€police.€€Ð *Q%) ÐÌà  àBased€upon€this€evidence€a€jury€convicted€the€Defendant€of€one€count€of€aggravated€robbery.Ð Ó+#'+ ЇÓrÓÓ  Óò òB.€€Sentencing€HearingÐ ° ÐÓ  Óó óÌà  àAt€the€Defendantððs€sentencing€hearing,€the€State€told€the€trial€Ô_ÔcourtÔ_Ô€that€the€Defendant€wasÐ ƒÓ Ða€Range€I,€Standard€Offender,€and€then€recommended€a€sentence€of€ten€years€due€to€the€seriousÐ l¼ Ðnature€of€the€crime.€€Celeste€Williamson€testified€that€she€was€still€on€leave€from€work€at€DirectÐ U¥ ÐInsurance.€€Williamson€said€that€she€recommended€that€the€Defendant€get€a€sentence€longer€than€tenÐ > Ž Ðyears€because€of€the€ð ðseverity€of€what€he€did€to€me,€how€long€Iððm€going€to€be€under€doctorððs€careÐ ' w Ðfor€the€rest€of€my€life,€and€on€medication€because€of€this.€€And€the€fact€that€while€he€was€on€„„€outÐ  ` Ðon€bond€for€what€he€did€to€me€he€committed€other€offenses.ðð€€Williamson€said€that€she€is€on€twoÐ ù I Ðmedications€for€her€heart€attack,€has€to€go€to€physical€therapy,€and€is€under€a€psychiatristððs€care€andÐ â 2  Ðon€medication€for€panic€attacks.€€She€has€not€been€able€to€work€since€this€crime.€€Ð Ë   ÐÌà  àThe€Defendantððs€pre„sentence€report€showed€that€he€had€two€misdemeanor€matters€that€wereÐ í  Ðexpunged€from€his€record€after€he€completed€diversion€and€he€had€been,€at€the€time€of€the€hearing,Ð †Ö  Ðindicted€for€aggravated€burglary.€€Ð o¿  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€and€denied€any€involvement€in€this€crime.€€He€said€that€he€has€noÐ A‘ Ðprior€convictions,€but€did€have€one€charge€pending€against€him.€€On€cross„examination,€theÐ *z ÐDefendant€admitted€that€he€had€one€prior€conviction€for€theft€of€property€under€$500.Ð c ÐÌà  àThe€State€argued€that€the€trial€court€should€sentence€the€Defendant€to€ten€years,€two€yearsÐ å5 Ðabove€the€presumptive€minimum€sentence€of€eight€years,€due€to€the€severity€of€the€crime.€€The€trialÐ Î Ðcourt€held:Ð · ÐÌà8  à[Ô_ÔT]heÔ_Ô€Defendant€in€this€case€is€charged€with€aggravated€robbery,€an€aggravatedÐ ‰Ù Ðrobbery€in€which€the€victim€testified€that€she€has€been€severely€physically€andÐ r Ðmentally€injured€as€a€result€of€the€robbery.Ð[«Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àI€heard€testimony€at€great€length€from€the€victim€who€testified€at€the€trial€thatÐ -} Ðshe€continues€to€suffer€from€this€incident,€psychological€problems,€under€the€care€ofÐ f Ða€psychiatrist,€all€of€that.€€And€itððs€a€very€serious€matter.€.€.€.€[Ô_ÔI]tÔ_Ô€was€a€very€seriousÐ ÿO Ðand€a€very€aggravated€robbery.Ðè 8Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àThe€interesting€thing€about€this€case€is€that€the€defendant€maintains€that€heÐ º" ! Ðdidnððt€do€it.€€But€I€remember€during€the€trial€the€defendant€gave€a€written€confessionÐ £#ó" Ðto€this€trial,€to€this€case.€€During€the€trial€he€says€he€was€coerced,€that€he€was€forcedÐ Œ$Ü# Ðto€give€that€statement€because€they€told€him€that€if€you€want€to€go€home€he€wouldÐ u%Å $ Ðhave€to€give€a€statement.€Ð^&®!%Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àThat€he€gave€a€statement€under€the€mistaken€thought€that€he€would€go€homeÐ 0(€#' Ðonce€he€confessed.€€Itððs€an€inherent€inconsistency€quite€frankly€that€a€man€says€ð ðtheyÐ )i$( Ðsaid€I€could€go€home,€but€in€order€to€go€home€Iððd€have€to€admit€that€I€committed€anÐ *R%) Ðaggravated€robbery.ðð€€But€thatððs€what€he€says.Ðë*;&*Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÐÔ+$'+Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à.€.€.€.€Ð°Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àAll€those€matters€will€have€to€be€passed€on€by€the€Court.€€Based€upon€theÐ ‚Ò Ðseverity€of€this€case,€however,€and€looking€at€what€the€State€has€presented€I€believeÐ k» Ðthe€Stateððs€recommendation€of€10€years,€as€a€Range€I€Standard€Offender€is€aÐ T¤ Ðreasonable€offer€for€this€kind€of€case.€.€.€.€Iððm€going€to€sentence€the€Defendant€to€theÐ =  Ð10€years€as€a€Range€I€Standard€Offender€.€.€.€.Ð& vÐ Ð  ÐÌò òà@êê$ìàII.€€AnalysisˆÐ ø H Ðà@ìì*ìàˆÌó óà  àThe€Defendant€now€appeals€contending€that:€€Ô‡XÏ—XXX(ÔÔ(1)€the€trial€court€permitted€improper€closingÐ Ì   Ðargument€by€the€State;€and€(2)€the€trial€court€improperly€found€that€enhancement€factors€appliedÐ µ  Ðwhen€sentencing€the€Defendant.€Ô#†X(ÔXXXÏ—·#Ô€Ô‡XÏ—XXX(ÔÔIn€a€supplemental€letter,€the€Defendant€asks€this€court€to€considerÐ žî  Ðwhether€the€trial€court€improperly€gave€the€jury€an€instruction€after€it€began€deliberating.€€Ô#†X(ÔXXXÏ—Ñ#Ô€ò òÐ ‡×  ÐÌà@.. ìàA.€€Closing€Argument€ˆÐ Zª  ÐÌó óÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔà  àThe€Defendant€contends€that€the€Stateððs€closing€arguments€ð ðwere€so€improper€that€theyÐ .~ Ðinfected€the€trial€with€unfairness€and€denied€due€process€to€the€Defendant.ðð€€The€DefendantÐ g Ðconcedes€that€the€issue€is€waived€because€he€never€objected€to€any€of€the€statements€during€theÐ P ÐStateððs€closing€argumentsÔ#†X(ÔXXX(Ô$’#ÔÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔ€and€he€did€not€raise€this€as€an€issue€in€his€motion€for€new€trial,€butÐ é9 Ðcontends€that€the€prosecutorððs€actions€rise€to€the€level€of€plain€error.€€Ô#†X(ÔXXX(Ôå“#ÔÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔThe€State€contends€that€theÐ Ò" ÐDefendant€waived€this€issue€and€that€it€does€not€constitute€plain€error.€€We€agree€with€the€State.Ð »  ÐÌÔ#†X(ÔXXX(ÔД#Ôà  àThe€Defendant€objects€to€the€following€statements€by€the€prosecutor:ò òÐ Ý ÐÌó óà8  àDoes€[Williamson]€have€any€reason€to€lie€about€anything€that€happened€to€her€thatÐ `° Ðday?€€Does€she€have€any€reason€to€lie,€to€tell€12€to€14€strangers€the€most€horrificÐ I™ Ðexperience€of€her€life?€€Just€think€about€that€for€one€second€.€.€.€.Ð2‚Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à.€.€.€.€Carlos€Ô_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô€sat€here€and€did€not€honor€his€oath.€€Does€CarlosÐ  T ÐÔ_ÔEddingsÔ_Ô€have€a€reason€to€be€less€than€honest€with€you?€€Yes,€oh,€yes.€.€.€.Ðí =Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àDoes€the€Exxon€worker€have€any€reason€to€lie€that€[the€Defendant]€came€inÐ ¿"! Ðthat€day€with€the€credit€card.ò òó ó€.€.€.Ш#ø"Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` à.€.€.€If€the€officers€were€going€to€fill€all€this€in,€theyððd€put€him€with€the€gunÐ z%Ê $ Ðand€the€tape€and€the€bad€language€taking€the€money€out€of€the€safe€and€out€of€theÐ c&³!% Ðpurse.€€Because€if€theyððre€going€to€ruin€their€careers€over€[the€Defendant],€better€toÐ L'œ"& Ðgo€big.€€Better€to€make€it€a€slam€dunk.€€And€if€you€are€going€to€ruin€your€career€overÐ 5(…#' Ð[the€Defendant]€why€not€have€everyone€else€identify€[the€Defendant],€too?€€Why€justÐ )n$( Ðstop€here?€[The€Defendant]€is€making€very€real€allegations€against€the€police€rightÐ *W%) Ðnow.€€Heððs€saying€that€the€entire€Memphis€Police€Department€is€lying€just€to€get€him.€Ð ð*@&* ÐThatððs€a€pretty€big€ego.€[The€Defendant]€thinks€a€lot€of€himself.€€Officers€arenððtÐ Ù+)'+ Ðgoing€to€do€that.€€Theyððve€got€thousands€of€cases.€€Theyððre€going€to€ruin€their€careersÐ ° Ðover€[the€Defendant]?€€They€could€have€closed€this€case€out€if€they€wanted€to€at€anyÐ ™é Ðtime.€€They€could€have€charged€him€based€on€her€identification€and€at€one€oððclockÐ ‚Ò Ðthey€would€have€been€done€with€this.€€But€they€went€to€[the€Defendant]€who€.€.€theÐ k» ÐSergeant€said€wanted€to€confess.€.€.€.€ÐT¤Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àItððs€unfortunate€that€[the€Defendant]€is€sitting€here€hoping€that€there€is€oneÐ & v Ðor€two€jurors€thatððs€going€to€buy€this.€[The€Defendant]€is€trying€to€make€justiceÐ  _ Ðracial.€€Itððs€color„blind.€€Justice€is€not€about€race.€€But€thatððs€what€[the€Defendant]Ð ø H Ðwants€to€do.€€Thatððs€was€[the€Defendant]€is€trying€to€do.€.€.€.Ðá 1 Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àIt€saddens€me€that€his€happened.€€It€saddens€me€that€[the€Defendant]€isÐ ³  Ðmaking€this€racial.€€It€saddens€me€that€[the€Defendant]€did€not€honor€his€oath.€€ThisÐ œì  Ðsystem€of€justice€that€we€have€works€because€of€juries.€.€.€.€Ð…Õ Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€Defendant€also€complains€that,€after€Defense€counsel€gave€his€closing€statement€in€which€heÐ W§  Ðstated€that€he€had€not€brought€race€as€an€issue€and€claimed€that€neither€Brooks€nor€Dalton€had€aÐ @ Ðreason€to€lie€when€the€said€that€they€had€not€seen€the€Defendant€at€the€time€of€the€robbery,€theÐ )y Ðprosecution€responded:Ð b Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àIt€must€be€very€liberating€to€lie€to€juries€because€the€people€that€lie€to€juries,€theyÐ ä4 Ðhave€a€big€smile€on€their€face.€€They€sit€in€this€chair.€€They€tell€stories.€€And€theÐ Í Ðdefense€attorneys€do€the€same.жРР Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àI€suffer€through€trials.€€I€eat€one€turkey€sandwich€a€day.€€I€wake€up€five€timesÐ ˆØ Ða€night,€and€I€canððt€get€back€to€sleep€after€4€a.m.€€Seeking€justice€and€telling€theÐ qÁ Ðjurors€the€truth,€it€takes€a€toll€on€me.€€For€defense€counsel,€it€seems€to€be€this€bigÐ Zª Ðgame€where€we€get€to€hug,€we€get€to€laugh.€€It€must€be€very€liberating€to€lie€to€juries.Ð C“ Ð.€.€.Ð,|Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` à[The€Defendant]€didnððt€have€that€problem€because€heððs€not€telling€the€truth.€Ð þN ÐHeððs€got€a€hope€for€a€juror€to€buy€that€used€car€that€he€knows€will€not€get€off€theÐ ç 7 Ðparking€lot.€€He€has€nothing€to€lose€by€lying€to€you.€€If€he€tells€you€the€truth€like€heÐ Ð!   Ðdid€the€officers,€you€find€him€guilty.€€He€couldnððt€take€the€stand€and€say€I€did€itÐ ¹" ! Ðbecause€there€would€be€no€reason€for€you€to€be€here.€€He€confessed€once€and€heÐ ¢#ò" Ðthought€that€was€enough.€€He€couldnððt,€he€canððt,€he€wonððt€confess€again,€ever€toÐ ‹$Û# Ðanything.Ðt%Ä $Ð Ð  ÐÌà8  àà ` àThe€one€confession€he€gave€got€him€charged€with€Aggravated€Robbery€andÐ F'–"& Ðnobody€else.€€The€brother„in„law€and€Maurice€didnððt€get€charged€with€anything.€€AndÐ /(#' Ð[the€Defendant]€is€sitting€there€thinking€I€confessed.€€And€it€might€be€great€for€myÐ )h$( Ðsoul€but€itððs€not€helping€me€right€now.€€So€now€Iððve€got€one€last€chance€to€get€myselfÐ *Q%) Ðout€of€this€mess€that€Iððve€created€by€lying,€by€being€less€than€honest€to€you.€.€.€.Ðê*:&*Ð Ð  Ðà8  àÐÓ+#'+Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à[Defense€counsel]€cannot€have€it€both€ways.€€If€you€lied€concerning€thisÐ ° Ðstatement€for€little€reason,€what€are€you€going€to€do€here,€for€all€the€marbles?€€IfÐ ™é Ðduring€an€exhibition,€preseason,€whatever,€at€the€beginning€of€something,€if€you€areÐ ‚Ò Ðgoing€to€lie€about€that,€what€are€you€going€to€do€in€front€of€a€jury€when€it€all€counts?€Ð k» ÐAlthough€Iððm€a€liar€six€days€a€week,€when€I€testify€before€juries,€I€tell€the€truth.€Ð T¤ ÐCanððt€have€it.€€He€told€the€truth€this€day€and€now€weððre€asking€you€to€put€him€in€timeÐ =  Ðout.€€And€he€doesnððt€want€to€go€there.€€So€the€truth€failed€him.€.€.€.Ð& vÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€ð ðhas€long€recognized€that€closing€arguments€are€a€valuableÐ ø H Ðprivilege€that€should€not€be€unduly€restricted.ðð€€òòTerry€v.€Stateóó,€46€S.W.3d€147,€156€(Tenn.€2001)Ð á 1  Ð(citing€òòòòóóState€v.€Suttonòòóóóó,òòóó€562€S.W.2d€820,€823€(Tenn.€1978));€òòState€v.€Goltzóó,111€S.W.3d€1,€5€(Tenn.Ð Ê   ÐÔ_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€2003).€€ð ðConsequently,€attorneys€are€given€greater€leeway€in€arguing€their€positionsÐ ³  Ðbefore€the€jury,€and€the€trial€court€has€significant€discretion€in€controlling€these€arguments,€to€beÐ œì  Ðreversed€only€upon€a€showing€of€an€abuse€of€that€discretion.ðð€€òòTerryóó,€46€S.W.3d€at€156€(citingÐ …Õ  ÐòòSuttonóó,€562€S.W.2d€at€823);€òòseeóó€òòSmith€v.€Stateòòóó,óó€527€S.W.2d€737,€739€(Tenn.€1975);€òòÔ_ÔGoltzÔ_Ôóó,€111Ð n¾  ÐS.W.3d€at€5.€€This€Court€has€explained€that€ð ð[closing]€arguments€must€be€temperate,€based€upon€theÐ W§  Ðevidence€introduced€at€trial,€relevant€to€the€issues€being€tried,€and€not€otherwise€improper€under€theÐ @ Ðfacts€or€law.ðð€€òòÔ_ÔGoltzÔ_Ôóó,€111€S.W.3d€at€5€(citing€òòòòóóÔ_ÔCokerÔ_Ô€v.€Stateòòóó,óó€911€S.W.2d€357,€368€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.Ð )y ÐApp.€1995)).Ð b ÐÌà  àWhen€an€appellate€court€finds€an€argument€to€be€improper,€ð ðthe€established€test€forÐ ä4 Ðdetermining€whether€there€is€reversible€error€is€whether€the€conduct€was€so€improper€or€theÐ Í Ðargument€so€inflammatory€that€it€affected€the€verdict€to€the€Appellantððs€detriment.ðð€òòÔ_ÔGoltzÔ_Ôóó,€111Ð ¶ ÐS.W.3d€at€5€(citing€òòòòóóHarrington€v.€Stateòòóó,óó€215€Tenn.€338,€385€S.W.2d€758,€759€(1965)).€€In€measuringÐ Ÿï Ðthe€prejudicial€impact€of€an€improper€argument,€this€Court€should€consider€the€following€factors:Ð ˆØ Ðð ð(1)€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€the€case;€(2)€any€curative€measures€undertaken€by€the€court€Ô% ‡r ÔÔ%†r{·ÔandÐ qÁ Ðthe€prosecutor;€(3)€the€intent€of€the€prosecution;€(4)€the€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conductÐ Zª Ðand€any€other€errors€in€the€record;€and€(5)€the€relative€strength€or€weakness€of€the€case.ðð€òòÔ_ÔGoltzÔ_Ôóó,€111Ð C“ ÐS.W.3d€at€5„6€(citing€òòòòóóJudge€v.€Stateòòóó,óó€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1976));€òòseeóóòò€òòóóState€v.Ð ,| ÐBuckòòóó,óó€670€S.W.2d€600,€609€(Tenn.€1984).Ð e ÐÌà  àIn€òòÔ_ÔGoltzÔ_Ôóó,€this€Court€found€that€within€the€closing€argument,€five€general€areas€ofÐ ç 7 Ðprosecutorial€misconduct€are€recognized:€Ð Ð!   ÐÌà8  à1.€€It€is€unprofessional€conduct€for€the€prosecutor€intentionally€to€misstate€theÐ ¢#ò" Ðevidence€or€mislead€the€jury€as€to€the€inferences€it€may€draw.€Ð ‹$Û# Ð2.€€It€is€unprofessional€conduct€for€the€prosecutor€to€express€his€[or€her]€personalÐ t%Ä $ Ðbelief€or€opinion€as€to€the€truth€or€falsity€of€any€testimony€or€evidence€or€the€guiltÐ ]&­!% Ðof€the€defendant.€€òòòòóóSeeòòóó€òòóóState€v.€Thorntonòòóó,óó€10€S.W.3d€229,€235€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.Ð F'–"& Ð1999);€òòòòóóLackey€v.€Stateòòóó,óó€578€S.W.2d€101,€107€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1978);€òòTenn.€CodeÐ /(#' Ðof€Ô_ÔProfððlÔ_Ô€Responsibility€DR€óó7„106Ô_Ô(cÔ_Ô)(4).€Ð )h$( Ð3.€€The€prosecutor€should€not€use€arguments€calculated€to€inflame€the€passions€orÐ *Q%) Ðprejudices€of€the€jury.€òò€òòóóSeeòòóó€òòóóÔ_ÔCauthernÔ_Ôòòóó,óó€967€S.W.2d€at€737;€òòòòóóState€v.€Stephensonòòóó,óó€878Ð ê*:&* ÐS.W.2d€530,€541€(Tenn.€1994).€Ð Ó+#'+ Ð4.€€The€prosecutor€should€refrain€from€argument€which€would€divert€the€jury€fromÐ ° Ðits€duty€to€decide€the€case€on€the€evidence,€by€injecting€issues€broader€than€the€guiltÐ ™é Ðor€innocence€of€the€accused€under€the€controlling€law,€or€by€making€predictions€ofÐ ‚Ò Ðthe€consequences€of€the€juryððs€verdict.€òò€òòóóSeeòòóó€òòóóÔ_ÔCauthernÔ_Ôòòóó,óó€967€S.W.2d€at€737;€òòòòóóState€v.Ð k» ÐKeenòòóó,óó€926€S.W.2d€727,€736€(Tenn.€1994).€Ð T¤ Ð5.€€It€is€unprofessional€conduct€for€a€prosecutor€to€intentionally€refer€to€or€argue€factsÐ =  Ðoutside€the€record€unless€the€facts€are€matters€of€common€public€knowledge.Ð& vÐ Ð  ÐÌòòÔ_ÔGoltzÔ_Ôóó,€111€S.W.3d€at€6€(quoting€òòStandards€Relating€to€the€Prosecution€Function€and€theÐ ø H ÐDefense€Function€óóðððð€5.8„5.9€Commentary€(ABA€Project€on€Standards€for€Criminal€Justice,Ð á 1  ÐApproved€Draft€1971)).Ð Ê   ÐÌò òó óà  àWe€agree€with€the€parties€that€the€Defendantððs€Ô‡XÏ—XXX(ÔÔfailure€to€object€to€the€prosecutorððs€argumentÐ œì  Ðat€trial€and€his€failure€to€raise€the€issue€in€his€motion€for€a€new€trial€precludes€our€review€of€thisÐ …Õ  Ðissue,€subject€to€our€noticing€ð ðplain€error.ðð€€òòSeeòòóó€óóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e)€(providing€that€ð ðno€issueÐ n¾  Ðpresented€for€review€shall€be€predicated€upon€error€in€the€admission€or€exclusion€of€evidence,€juryÐ W§  Ðinstructions€granted€or€refused,€misconduct€of€jurors,€parties€or€counsel,€or€other€action€committedÐ @ Ðor€occurring€during€the€trial€of€the€case,€or€other€ground€upon€which€a€new€trial€is€sought,€unless€theÐ )y Ðsame€was€specifically€stated€in€the€motion€for€new€trial.€.€.€.€);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a)€(providing€thatÐ b Ðrelief€is€not€required€for€a€party€who€failed€to€take€reasonably€available€action€to€prevent€or€nullifyÐ ûK Ðan€error);€Ô#†X(ÔXXXÏ—ÏÃ#ÔòòState€v.€Littleóó,€854€S.W.2d€643,€651€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1992)€(stating€that€failure€to€objectÐ ä4 Ðto€prosecutorððs€alleged€misconduct€in€closing€argument€waives€any€later€complaint).€€Ð Í ÐÌÔ‡XÏ—XXX(ÔÔà  àÔ#†X(ÔXXXÏ—ÕÈ#ÔThis€Court€has,€in€its€discretion,€from€time€to€time€reviewed€allegations€of€prosecutorialÐ Ÿï Ðmisconduct€as€ð ðplain€errorðð€even€in€the€absence€of€a€contemporaneous€objection.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòStateÐ ˆØ Ðv.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1993),€òòoverruled€on€other€grounds€by€óóòòState€v.Ð qÁ ÐCarteróó,€988€S.W.2d€145€(Tenn.1999)€(determining€in€absence€of€objection€that€prosecutorððs€juryÐ Zª Ðargument€was€not€plain€error);€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔBulterÔ_Ôóó,€795€S.W.2d€680€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1990)Ð C“ Ð(considering€whether€statements€of€prosecutor€were€plain€error€despite€lack€of€objection€byÐ ,| Ðdefendant);€òòÔ_ÔAnglinÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€553€S.W.2d€616€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1977)€(determining€that€in€order€toÐ e Ðjustify€reversal€on€the€basis€of€improper€argument€and€remarks€of€counsel€in€absence€of€objection,Ð þN Ðit€must€affirmatively€appear€that€the€improper€conduct€affected€the€verdict€to€the€prejudice€of€theÐ ç 7 Ðdefendant).Ô‡XÏ—XXX(ÔÔÐ Ð!   ÐÌà  àPursuant€to€Rule€52(b)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure,€we€have€discretionÐ ¢#ò" Ðto€notice€an€error€that€has€affected€the€substantial€rights€of€an€accused€when€necessary€to€doÐ ‹$Û# Ðsubstantial€justice.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔAdkissonÔ_Ôóó,€899€S.W.2d€626,€642€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1994).€€Before€anÐ t%Ä $ Ðerror€may€be€recognized€it€must€be€ð ðplainðð€and€must€affect€a€ð ðsubstantial€right€of€the€accused.€€TheÐ ]&­!% Ðword€ð ðplainðð€is€synonymous€with€ð ðclearðð€or€equivalently€ð ðobvious.ðð€€òòUnited€States€v.€Ô_ÔOlanoÔ_Ôóó,€507Ð F'–"& ÐU.S.€725,€732€(1993).€€Plain€error€is€not€merely€error€that€is€conspicuous,€but€especially€egregiousÐ /(#' Ðerror€that€strikes€at€the€fairness,€integrity,€or€public€reputation€of€judicial€proceedings.€€òòSeeóóòò€òòóóState€v.Ð )h$( ÐWoodenóó,€683€S.W.2d€553,€559€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1983).€€When€considering€whether€ð ðplain€errorððÐ *Q%) Ðexists€we€consider€the€following€factors:Ð ê*:&* ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà  à(a)€the€record€òòóómust€clearly€establish€what€occurred€in€the€trial€court;Ð ° Ðà8  à(b)€a€clear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€law€must€have€been€breached;ЙéÐ Ð  Ðà8  àÔ_Ô(cÔ_Ô)€a€substantial€right€of€the€accused€must€have€been€adversely€affected;ЂÒÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(d)€the€accused€did€not€waive€the€issue€for€tactical€reasons;€and€Ðk»Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(e)€consideration€of€the€error€is€ð ðnecessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ððÐT¤Ð Ð  ÐÌòòState€v.€Smithóó,€24€S.W.3d€274,€282„83€(Tenn.€2000)€(adopting€the€test€articulated€by€the€Court€ofÐ & v ÐCriminal€Appeals€in€òòÔ_ÔAdkissonÔ_Ôóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€641„42€òòóó).€€All€five€factors€must€be€established€by€theÐ  _ Ðrecord€before€an€appellate€court€will€recognize€the€existence€of€ð ðplain€error,ðð€and€completeÐ ø H Ðconsideration€of€all€the€factors€is€not€necessary€when€it€is€clear€from€the€record€that€at€least€one€ofÐ á 1  Ðthe€factors€cannot€be€established.€€òòId.óó€€In€addition,€the€ð ðððplain€errorðð€must€[have€been]€of€such€a€greatÐ Ê   Ðmagnitude€that€it€probably€changed€the€outcome€of€the€trial.ðð€€òòÔ_ÔAdkissonÔ_Ôóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€642.€€Ð ³  ÐÌà  àAfter€a€thorough€review€of€the€record€in€this€case,€we€conclude€that€the€plain€error€doctrineÐ …Õ  Ðcannot€afford€the€Defendant€relief.€€Ô#†X(ÔXXXÏ—Î#ÔFirst,€the€record€is€clear€as€to€what€happened€in€the€trial€court.€Ð n¾  ÐThe€prosecutor€argued€that€the€Stateððs€witnesses€had€no€reason€to€lie,€while€the€Defendant€and€theÐ W§  ÐDefendantððs€counsel€were€both€liars.€€He€further€contended€that€the€Defendantððs€claim€of€policeÐ @ Ðmisconduct€was€outlandish€because€police€officers€would€not€ruin€their€careers€over€the€Defendant.€Ð )y ÐThe€prosecutor€also€alleged€that€the€Defendant€was€making€the€trial€ð ðracialðð€hoping€that€one€or€moreÐ b Ðjurors€would€ð ðbuy€this.ðð€€Finally,€the€prosecutor€made€some€clearly€irrelevant€comments€about€hisÐ ûK Ðwork€habits€and€food€preferences.€€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€manner€in€which€these€points€were€made€arguably€crosses€the€line€intoÐ ¶ Ðimproper€expressions€of€opinion€or€personal€belief€as€to€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€it€is€not€clearÐ Ÿï Ðthat€a€clear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€law€has€been€breached.€€What€is€or€is€not€improper€argumentÐ ˆØ Ðmay€very€well€vary€depending€on€the€context€in€which€it€was€made.€òòÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔ€òòóóSeeòòóó€óóòòJudgeóó,òòÔ#†X(ÔXXX(ÔõÝ#Ôóó€539€S.W.2d€at€343Ð qÁ Ð(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.1976)€(holding€that€propriety€of€prosecution€comments€must€be€evaluated€in€lightÐ Zª Ðof€whether€they€were€in€direct€response€to€defense€argument€rather€than€gratuitous);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòÔ_ÔGoltzÔ_Ôóó,Ð C“ Ð111€S.W.3d€at€6.€€The€prosecutorððs€argument€regarding€the€truthfulness€of€the€witnesses€and€theÐ ,| Ðunlikelihood€of€police€misconduct€were€in€direct€response€to€the€Defendantððs€assertion€at€trial€thatÐ e Ðthe€Stateððs€witnesses€were€untruthful€and€the€Defendantððs€testimony€that€the€police€committedÐ þN Ðmisconduct€when€they€interviewed€him.€€The€same€might€be€said€of€the€prosecutorððs€remarksÐ ç 7 Ðcommenting€on€the€Defendantððs€attempt€to€make€this€case€involve€race.€€This€statement€was€madeÐ Ð!   Ðin€response€to€the€Defendantððs€insinuation€at€trial€that€the€police€used€two€African„American€officersÐ ¹" ! Ðto€obtain€a€confession€from€the€Defendant€rather€than€a€Caucasian€officer.€€Accordingly,€we€cannotÐ ¢#ò" Ðconclude€that€a€clear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€law€was€broken.Ð ‹$Û# ЀÌà  àFurther,€it€is€impossible€to€say€whether€the€complained€of€comments€adversely€affected€theÐ ]&­!% Ðjuryððs€verdict€in€this€case€and€whether€consideration€of€this€issue€is€necessary€to€do€substantialÐ F'–"& Ðjustice.€€It€should€be€noted€again€that€the€burden€of€persuasion€on€appeal€is€on€the€Defendant€toÐ /(#' Ðdemonstrate€that€the€prosecutorððs€comments€ð ðmore€probably€than€not€affected€the€judgment€orÐ )h$( Ðwould€result€in€prejudice€to€the€judicial€process.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€€Other€than€the€bareÐ *Q%) Ðassertion€that€the€prosecutorððs€comments€deprived€the€Defendant€of€a€fair€trial,€there€is€no€indicationÐ ê*:&* Ðthat€the€jury€was€unduly€swayed€from€its€duties€as€explained€in€the€jury€instructions.€€Finally,€andÐ Ó+#'+ Ðperhaps€most€importantly,€there€is€no€excuse€or€explanation€proffered€by€the€Defendant,€either€inÐ ° Ðthe€record€or€in€his€brief€on€appeal,€as€to€the€reason€for€his€failure€to€object€to€the€allegedlyÐ ™é Ðoffending€comments€or€his€failure€to€raise€this€issue€in€his€motion€for€a€new€trial.€€Thus,€we€cannotÐ ‚Ò Ðsay€that€the€failure€to€object€was€for€reasons€other€than€tactical.€€Under€these€circumstances€we€areÐ k» Ðof€the€opinion€that€the€Defendant€has€failed€to€carry€his€burden€of€persuasion€in€convincing€thisÐ T¤ ÐCourt€to€consider€as€plain€Ô% ‡] ÔÔ%†]#éÔÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔerror€the€propriety€of€the€allegedly€improper€comments€of€the€prosecutorÐ =  Ðin€closing€rebuttal.€€This€issue€is€therefore€waived.Ô#†X(ÔXXX(ÔAé#ÔÐ & v ÐÌò òà@ŒŒ#ìàB.€€SentencingˆÐ ø H Ðó óÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔÌà  àThe€Defendant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€improperly€applied€five€enhancement€factorsÐ Ë   Ðwhen€it€sentenced€him€to€ten€years€in€prisonòòóó.€€In€a€supplemental€brief€requested€by€this€Court,€theÐ ´  ÐState€counters€that€this€issue€is€waived€and€that,€even€if€not€waived,€any€error€in€the€trial€courtððsÐ í  Ðruling€is€harmless.€€When€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€aÐ †Ö  Ðsentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€de€novo€review€with€a€presumption€that€theÐ o¿  Ðdeterminations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€ThisÐ X¨  Ðpresumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€courtÐ A‘ Ðconsidered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔAshbyÔ_Ôóó,€823Ð *z ÐS.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€600€(Tenn.€1994).€€ð ðIf€the€trialÐ c Ðcourt€applies€inappropriate€factors€or€otherwise€fails€to€follow€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€theÐ üL Ðpresumption€of€correctness€falls.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔSheltonÔ_Ôóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1992).€Ð å5 ÐThe€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€provide€that€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€theÐ Î Ðimpropriety€of€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401€Sentencing€Ô_ÔCommððnÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔCmtsÔ_Ô.Ð · ÐÌà  àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of:€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€andÐ ‰Ù Ðsentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€pre„sentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€the€argumentsÐ r Ðof€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offenses;€(5)Ð [« Ðany€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;Ð D” Ðand€(7)€the€defendantððs€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€Ð -} ÐÔ_Ô„Ô_Ô103,€„210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1987).€€Ð f ÐÌà  àIn€calculating€the€sentence€for€a€Class€B€felony€conviction,€the€presumptive€sentence€is€theÐ è 8 Ðstatutory€minimum€of€eight€years€for€a€Range€I€offender€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigatingÐ Ñ!!  Ðfactors.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210Ô_Ô(cÔ_Ô).€€If€there€are€enhancement€but€no€mitigative€factors,Ð º" ! Ðthe€trial€court€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum,€but€still€within€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð £#ó" Ððð€40„35„210(d).€€A€sentence€involving€both€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€requires€anÐ Œ$Ü# Ðassignment€of€relative€weight€for€the€enhancement€factors€as€a€means€of€increasing€the€sentence.€Ð u%Å $ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e).€€The€sentence€must€then€be€reduced€within€the€range€by€anyÐ ^&®!% Ðweight€assigned€to€the€mitigating€factors€present.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e).Ð G'—"& ÐÌà  àIn€the€case€under€submission,€in€arriving€at€a€mid„range€sentence€of€ten€years€the€trial€courtÐ )i$( Ðapplied€the€following€five€enhancement€factors€and€no€mitigating€factors:Ð *R%) ÐÌà8  à(6)€the€Defendant€treated€or€allowed€a€victim€to€be€treated€with€exceptional€crueltyÐ Ô+$'+ Ðduring€the€commission€of€the€offense;€Ð°Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(9)€the€Defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€theÐ ™é Ðconditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€into€the€community;€Ð‚ÒÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(10)€the€Defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€theÐ k» Ðoffense;€ÐT¤Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(11)€the€Defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€toÐ =  Ðhuman€life€was€high;€and€Ð& vÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(17)€the€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€under€which€the€potential€forÐ  _ Ðbodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great.Ðø HÐ Ð  ÐÌòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114.€€Ð Ê   ÐÌà  àThe€United€States€Supreme€Courtððs€recent€opinion€in€òòÔ_ÔBlakelyÔ_Ô€v.€Washingtonóó,€542€U.S.€__,Ð œì  Ð124€S.€Ct.€2531€(2004),€calls€into€question€the€continuing€validity€of€our€current€sentencing€scheme.€Ð …Õ  ÐIn€that€case,€the€Court,€applying€the€rule€in€òòÔ_ÔApprendiÔ_Ô€v.€New€Jerseyóó,€566€U.S.€466,€490€(2000),Ð n¾  Ðstruck€down€a€provision€of€the€Washington€sentencing€guidelines€that€permitted€a€trial€judge€toÐ W§  Ðimpose€an€ð ðexceptional€sentenceðð€upon€the€finding€of€certain€statutorily€enumerated€enhancementÐ @ Ðfactors.€€124€S.€Ct.€at€2537.òòóó€€The€Court€observed€that€ð ðthe€ððstatutory€maximumðð€for€òòÔ_ÔApprendiÔ_ÔóóÐ )y Ðpurposes€is€the€maximum€sentence€a€judge€may€impose€òòsolely€on€the€basis€of€the€facts€reflected€inÐ b Ðthe€jury€verdict€or€admitted€by€the€defendant.óóðð€€124€S.€Ct.€at€2537.òòóó€Ô#†X(ÔXXX(Ôgê#ÔÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔòòóó€Finally,€the€Court€concluded€thatÐ ûK Ðð ðevery€defendant€has€a€òòrightóó€to€insist€that€the€prosecutor€prove€to€a€jury€[beyond€a€reasonable€doubt]Ð ä4 Ðall€facts€legally€essential€to€the€punishment.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€2539.€Ð Í ÐÌà  àNone€of€the€enhancement€factors€used€by€the€trial€court€to€enhance€the€Defendantððs€sentenceÐ Ÿï Ðwere€submitted€to€a€jury€or€admitted€by€the€Defendant.€€Therefore,€the€rule€in€òòÔ_ÔBlakelyÔ_Ôóó€precludesÐ ˆØ Ðapplication€of€any€of€these€factors.€€Because€there€are€no€enhancement€factors€that€were€proved€toÐ qÁ Ða€jury€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€or€admitted€by€the€Defendant,€the€sentence€must€be€modified€toÐ Zª Ðeight€years,€the€presumptive€minimum.€Ð C“ ÐÌà@šš ìàò òC.€€Jury€Instructionó óˆÐ e ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€contends,€in€a€supplemental€letter€to€this€Court,€that€the€trial€court€improperlyÐ è 8 Ðgave€an€instruction€to€the€jury€ð ðafter€hours€of€deliberating.ðð€€The€Defendant€contends€that€ð ðRule€30Ð Ñ!!  Ðof€the€Criminal€Procedure€states€that€any€instruction€giving€[sic]€must€be€instructed€before€the€juryÐ º" ! Ðretires€to€consider€the€verdict.ðð€Ô#†X(ÔXXX(Ôè#Ô€òòóóThis€issue€was€not€properly€raised€on€appeal€and,€therefore,€weÐ £#ó" Ðconclude€that€it€is€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a).Ð Œ$Ü# ÐÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔÌÔ#†X(ÔXXX(Ô#Ôò òà@NN"ìàIII.€€ConclusionˆÐ ^&®!% ÐÌó óà  àIn€accordance€with€the€foregoing€authorities€and€reasoning,€the€judgments€of€the€trial€courtÐ 2(‚#' Ðare€affirmed€as€modified.€€The€Defendantððs€sentence€is€modified€to€eight€years.€€We€thereforeÐ )k$( Ðremand€for€the€entry€by€the€trial€court€of€an€amended€judgment€to€indicate€a€sentence€of€eight€yearsÐ *T%) Ðto€be€served€by€the€Defendant€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Ô_ÔCorrections.Ô_ÔÐ í*=&* ÐÐ Ö+&'+ ÐÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€Ô#†X(ÔXXX(Ô‘ #ÔÔ‡XÏ—XXX(ÔÔÐ ™é Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ‚Ò Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àROBERT€W.€WEDEMEYER,€JUDGEÔ#†X(ÔXXXÏ—) #ÔÔ‡X(ÔXXX(ÔÔ€Ô#†X(ÔXXX(Ô{ #Ôò òÐ k» Ðó óÓOÓ