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opinion.wpt‰˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptŽ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€]»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼]»»»ÔÑ8€È_XXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡îuþ]ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@gg$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼]»îîuþ #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€December€14,€2004,€at€KnoxvilleÐ öF ÐÔ‡XÈ_X»¼]ÔÌò òÔ#†¼]»XXÈ_0#ÔòòMILBURN€L.€EDWARDSóó€v.€STATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóóÔ‡XÈ_X»¼]Ôó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Wayne€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€13382€€€€€€Jim€T.€Hamilton,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2004„01378„CCA„R3„HC€„€Filed€March€7,€Ô_Ô2005Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€petitioner,€Milburn€L.€Edwards,€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€summary€dismissal€of€his€petition€forÐ V¦  Ðwrit€of€habeas€corpus.€€The€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð ? ÐÓÂÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ a ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼]»àXÈ_ª#ÔÔ‡XÈ_X.¼]ÔGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJames€Curwood€Witt,€Jr.,óó€andÐ ä4 ÐòòAlan€E.€Glenn,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Í ÐÌMilburn€L.€Edwards,€Clifton,€Tennessee,€appellant,€pro€se.Ð Ÿï ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter,€and€Richard€H.€Dunavant,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ qÁ ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Zª ÐÓ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼]»XXÈ_9#ÔÔ‡XÈ_X»¼]ÔÐ ,| ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼]»XXÈ_^#ÔÔ‡XÈ_X»¼]ÔÓ  Óà  àIn€1991,€the€petitioner€was€convicted€of€twenty„one€counts€of€rape,€one€count€of€aggravatedÐ ÿO Ðrape,€two€counts€of€Ô#†¼]»XXÈ_¼#ÔÔ€XÈ_X»¼]Ôfirst€degree€burglary,€one€count€of€second€degree€burglary,€two€counts€ofÐ è 8  Ðaggravated€burglary,€one€count€of€robbery,€and€one€count€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€rape.€€TheÐ Ñ!!! Ðtrial€court€imposed€an€effective€sentence€of€life€plus€415€years.€€On€direct€appeal,€this€court€affirmedÐ º" " Ðthe€convictions€but€modified€the€sentences€for€an€effective€sentence€of€life€plus€195€years.€€òòSeeóóòòStateÐ £#ó# Ðv.€Edwardsóó,€868€S.W.2d€682€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€facts€underlying€the€petitionerððsÐ Œ$Ü$ Ðconvictions€are€set€forth€in€detail€in€that€opinion.€€òòSeeóóòòid.óó€at€687„690.Ð u%Å % ÐÌà  àIn€May€of€1996,€the€petitioner€filed€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief€alleging€ineffectiveÐ G'—"' Ðassistance€of€counsel.€€At€the€conclusion€of€an€evidentiary€hearing,€the€post„conviction€court€deniedÐ 0(€#( Ðrelief,€concluding€that€the€petitioner€had€received€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel€at€trial€and€onÐ )i$) Ðappeal.€€This€court€affirmed.€€òòSeeóóòòMilburn€L.€Edwards€v.€Stateóó,€M2002„02124„CCA„R3„PC€(Tenn.Ð *R%* ÐCrim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Dec.€15,€2003).€€Ð ë*;&+ ÐÌà  àOn€March€4,€2004,€the€petitioner€filed€a€petition€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus€alleging€that€theÐ ½, (- Ðtrial€court€was€without€jurisdiction€to€convict€or€sentence.€€Pursuant€to€a€motion€by€the€state,€the€trialÐ ¦-ö(.ýÿ ÐÔ_Ôcourt€dismissed€the€petition€without€a€hearing.€€In€this€appeal€of€right,€the€petitioner€claims€that€theÐ ° Ðtrial€court€erred€by€failing€to€conduct€a€hearing.€€The€state€responds€that€the€summary€dismissal€wasÐ ™é Ðappropriate€because€the€petitioner€failed€to€allege€grounds€that€would€justify€habeas€corpus€relief.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  àA€writ€of€habeas€corpus€may€be€granted€only€when€the€petitioner€has€established€a€lack€ofÐ T¤ Ðjurisdiction€for€the€order€of€confinement€or€that€he€is€otherwise€entitled€to€immediate€release€becauseÐ =  Ðof€the€expiration€of€his€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòUssery€v.€Averyóó,€222€Tenn.€50,€432€S.W.2d€656€(1968);€òòStateÐ & v Ðex€rel€Wade€v.€Norvellóó,€1€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€447,€443€S.W.2d€839€(1969).€€Habeas€corpus€relief€isÐ  _ Ðavailable€in€this€state€only€when€it€appears€on€the€face€of€the€judgment€or€the€record€that€the€trialÐ ø H Ðcourt€was€without€jurisdiction€to€convict€or€sentence€the€petitioner€or€that€the€sentence€ofÐ á 1  Ðimprisonment€has€otherwise€expired.€€òòArcher€v.€Stateóó,€851€S.W.2d€157,€164€(Tenn.€1993);€òòPotts€v.Ð Ê   ÐStateóó,€833€S.W.2d€60,€62€(Tenn.€1992).€€Unlike€the€post„conviction€petition€which€would€afford€aÐ ³  Ðmeans€of€relief€for€constitutional€violations,€such€as€the€deprivation€of€the€effective€assistance€ofÐ œì  Ðcounsel,€the€purpose€of€the€habeas€corpus€petition€is€to€contest€a€void,€not€merely€a€voidable,Ð …Õ  Ðjudgment.€€òòState€ex€rel€Newsome€v.€Hendersonóó,€221€Tenn.€24,€424€S.W.2d€186,€189€(1969).€€AÐ n¾  Ðpetitioner€cannot€attack€a€facially€valid€conviction€in€a€habeas€corpus€proceeding.€€òòPottsóó,€833€S.W.2dÐ W§  Ðat€62;€òòState€ex€rel€Holbrook€v.€Bomaróó,€211€Tenn.€243,€364€S.W.2d€887,€888€(1963).Ð @ ÐÌà  àA€sentence€in€direct€contravention€of€a€statute€is€illegal€and€can€be€set€aside€at€any€time,€evenÐ b Ðafter€the€judgment€has€become€final.€€òòSeeóóòòTaylor€v.€Stateóó,€995€S.W.2d€78,€85€(Tenn.€1999);€òòState€v.Ð ûK ÐBurkhartóó,€566€S.W.2d€871,€873€(Tenn.€1978).€€In€contrast,€a€sentence€that€is€merely€erroneous€cannotÐ ä4 Ðbe€set€aside€after€the€judgment€is€final.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Mahleróó,€735€S.W.2d€226,€228€(Tenn.€1987).Ð Í ÐÌà  àIn€this€appeal,€the€petitioner€contends€that€his€petition€includes€the€following€cognizableÐ Ÿï Ðclaims:€(1)€that€the€trial€court€was€without€jurisdiction€to€sentence€him€under€the€1982€SentencingÐ ˆØ ÐAct€on€counts€1€through€8€and€10;€(2)€that€the€trial€court€was€without€authority€to€sentence€him€asÐ qÁ Ða€career€offender€because€the€state€failed€to€provide€notice€of€its€intent€to€seek€enhanced€punishment;Ð Zª Ð(3)€that€the€trial€court€lacked€jurisdiction€to€sentence€him€under€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€on€countsÐ C“ Ð23,€24,€and€26;€and€(4)€that€the€trial€court€lacked€jurisdiction€to€enter€judgments€of€convictionÐ ,| Ðbecause€the€indictments€failed€to€charge€offenses.Ð e ÐÌà  àThe€first€claim€is€based€upon€the€fact€that€the€crimes€underlying€counts€1€through€8€and€10Ð ç 7 Ðwere€committed€prior€to€November€1,€1989,€while€the€petitioner€was€sentenced€afterward.€€The€trialÐ Ð!   Ðcourt€sentenced€the€petitioner€under€the€1982€Act.€€This€question€of€sentencing€was€fully€addressedÐ ¹" ! Ðby€this€court€on€direct€appeal.€€òòSeeóóòòEdwardsóó,€868€S.W.2d€at€701„02.€€The€trial€court€had€jurisdictionÐ ¢#ò" Ðto€impose€the€sentence€on€each€count.€€òòSeeóóòòJames€D.€L.€Perry€v.€Howard€Carlton,€Wardenóó,€No.Ð ‹$Û# ÐE2004„01000„CCA„R3„HC,€slip€op.€at€2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€Nov.€22,€2004)€(holdingÐ t%Ä $ Ðthat€habeas€corpus€issue€was€without€merit€where€it€had€been€previously€addressed€by€this€court€onÐ ]&­!% Ðdirect€appeal).€€€Ð F'–"& ÐÌà  àThis€court€has€also€ruled€that€the€stateððs€failure€to€give€notice€of€intent€to€seek€enhancedÐ )h$( Ðpunishment€would€not€result€in€an€illegal€or€void€judgment€and€is€not,€therefore,€subject€to€habeasÐ *Q%) Ðâ âcorpus€relief.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€James€R.€Brittóó,€No.€E2000„02259„CCA„R3„CD,€slip€op.€at€2€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ê*:&* ÐApp.,€at€Knoxville,€Apr.€10,€2001).€€Thus,€the€petitioner€is€not€entitled€to€relief.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Ritchieóó,Ð ° Ð20€S.W.3d€624,€630€(Tenn.€2000).€€Ð ™é Ðâ âÌà  àNext€the€petitioner€contends€that€his€sentences€on€counts€23€and€24,€both€rape€convictions,Ð k» Ðwere€void€and€illegal€because€the€trial€court€was€without€jurisdiction€to€order€60„year€sentencesÐ T¤ Ðunder€the€1989€Act.€€He€also€complains€that€his€sentence€for€robbery€in€count€26€was€illegal€andÐ =  Ðvoid€because€the€trial€court€lacked€jurisdiction€to€sentence€him€to€30€years€under€the€1989€Act.€€TheÐ & v Ðrecord,€however,€refutes€the€petitionerððs€assertions.€€The€petitioner,€a€Range€III€offender,€actuallyÐ  _ Ðreceived€30„year€sentences,€not€60„year€sentences,€for€the€rape€convictions€on€counts€23€and€24.€Ð ø H ÐòòEdwardsóó,€868€S.W.2d€at€687.€€Likewise,€the€trial€court€ordered€a€sentence€of€15€years,€not€30,€forÐ á 1  Ðthe€robbery€conviction€on€count€26.€€òòId.óó€€As€the€state€notes,€the€sentences€were€within€the€applicableÐ Ê   Ðranges.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(c)(2)€„€(3).€€In€consequence,€this€issue€is€without€merit.Ð ³  ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€petitioner€contends€that€he€is€entitled€to€habeas€corpus€relief€because€theÐ …Õ  Ðunderlying€indictments€failed€to€charge€offenses.€€The€state€contends€that€the€indictments€wereÐ n¾  Ðsufficient.€€This€issue€is€reviewable€as€a€habeas€corpus€claim.€€òòSeeóó€òòWyatt€v.€Stateóó,€24€S.W.3d€319Ð W§  Ð(Tenn.€2000)€(reviewing€habeas€corpus€claim€that€original€attempt€indictment€was€insufficient€forÐ @ Ðfailing€to€allege€overt€act).€€That€does€not€mean,€however,€that€the€petitioner€is€entitled€to€a€writ€ofÐ )y Ðhabeas€corpus.€€Although€defenses€based€upon€indictment€deficiencies€must€be€presented€prior€toÐ b Ðtrial,€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(2)€and€(f),€a€valid€indictment€is€essential€to€prosecution.€€When€theÐ ûK Ðcontent€does€not€charge€an€offense€or€does€not€confer€jurisdiction,€it€is€subject€to€attack€at€any€time.€Ð ä4 ÐòòDykes€v.€Comptonóó,€978€S.W.2d€528€(Tenn.€1998).€Ð Í ÐÌà  àA€criminal€indictment€must€include€a€sufficient€description€of€the€offense€to€ensure€that€theÐ Ÿï Ðdefendant€understands€the€nature€of€the€charge.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€314€(1979).€€TheÐ ˆØ Ðessential€functions€of€the€indictment€are€to€provide€notice€of€the€charge,€enable€entry€of€a€properÐ qÁ Ðjudgment€upon€conviction,€and€protect€against€double€jeopardy.€€òòState€v.€Byrdóó,€820€S.W.2d€739,€741Ð Zª Ð(Tenn.€1991).€€In€òòWyattóó,€our€supreme€court€stated€as€follows:Ð C“ ÐÌÔ‡X=‹ XXXÈ_Ôà8  àà ` àThe€Sixth€and€the€Fourteenth€Amendments€to€the€United€States€ConstitutionÐ e Ðand€Article€I,€ðð€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€guarantee€the€accused€the€right€to€beÐ þN Ðinformed€of€the€nature€and€cause€of€the€accusation.€.€.€.€€We€have€consistentlyÐ ç 7 Ðinterpreted€these€constitutional€provisions€to€require€that€an€indictment:€€1)€provideÐ Ð!   Ðnotice€to€the€accused€of€the€offense€charged;€2)€provide€the€court€with€an€adequateÐ ¹" ! Ðground€upon€which€a€proper€judgment€may€be€entered;€and€3)€provide€the€defendantÐ ¢#ò" Ðwith€protection€against€double€jeopardy.€.€.€.Ћ$Û#Ð Ð  ÐÌ24€S.W.3d€at€324€(citations€omitted).Ð ]&­!% ÐÌÔ#†XÈ_X XX=‹þ,#ÔÔ‡ X=‹ XXXÈ_Ôà  àIn€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€954€S.W.2d€725,€729€(Tenn.€1997),€our€supreme€court€held€that€anÐ /(#' Ðindictment€charging€aggravated€rape€was€valid€even€though€it€did€not€allege€a€culpable€mental€stateÐ )h$( Ðbecause€ð ðthe€required€mental€state€[could]€be€inferred€from€the€nature€of€the€criminal€conductÐ *Q%) Ðalleged.ðð€€òòóóIn€òòState€v.€Stokesóó,€954€S.W.2d€729€(Tenn.€1997),€an€indictment€for€rape€of€a€child€wasÐ ê*:&* Ðdetermined€to€be€sufficient€to€vest€the€trial€court€with€jurisdiction€where€it€utilized€the€language€ofÐ Ó+#'+ Ðthe€statute€but€alleged€no€culpable€mental€state.€€A€similar€result€occurred€in€òòRuff€v.€Stateóó,€978Ð ° ÐS.W.2d€95,€100€(Tenn.€1998),€where€the€charges€included€aggravated€sexual€battery,€aggravatedÐ ™é Ðrape,€and€aggravated€kidnaping,€and€the€court€held€that€ð ðwhere€the€constitutional€and€statutoryÐ ‚Ò Ðrequirements€outlined€in€òòHillóó€are€met,€an€indictment€which€cites€the€pertinent€statute€and€uses€itsÐ k» Ðlanguage€will€be€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction.ðð€òòóó€Finally,€in€òòState€v.€Barneyóó,€986€S.W.2d€545,Ð T¤ Ð547€(Tenn.€1999),€our€supreme€court€ruled€that€intent€could€be€logically€inferred€from€an€indictmentÐ =  Ðincluding€charges€of€rape€of€a€child€and€aggravated€sexual€battery€where€it€was€alleged€that€theÐ & v Ðdefendant€had€engaged€in€ð ðunlawful€sexual€penetrationðð€and€ð ðunlawful€sexual€contactðð€with€theÐ  _ Ðvictim.€€Ð ø H ÐÌà  àIn€òòState€v.€Wilsonóó,€31€S.W.3d€189,€191„92€(Tenn.€2000),€our€high€court€determined€that€anÐ Ê   Ðindictment€charging€delivery€of€cocaine€which€referenced€the€appropriate€statute€but€did€not€includeÐ ³  Ðan€allegation€of€the€culpable€mental€state€was€sufficient€despite€the€omission.€€Similarly,€in€òòState€v.Ð œì  ÐCarteróó,€988€S.W.2d€145,€148„49€(Tenn.€1999),€our€supreme€court€ruled€that€indictments€for€felonyÐ …Õ  Ðmurder€which€made€reference€to€the€statute€but€failed€to€include€the€required€mens€rea€wereÐ n¾  Ðnevertheless€sufficient.€€The€court€determined€that€a€reference€to€the€statute€was€sufficient€notice€ofÐ W§  Ðthe€required€level€of€intent.€€òòId.óó€at€149.€€Ð @ ÐÌà  àThese€recent€decisions€of€our€supreme€court€establish€that€an€indictment€is€adequate€whenÐ b Ðit€achieves€the€overriding€purpose€of€notice€to€the€accused.€€In€this€case,€the€petitioner€does€not€makeÐ ûK Ðany€specific€argument€as€to€how€the€underlying€indictments,€which€are€a€part€of€the€record,€wereÐ ä4 Ðinsufficient.€€Ô#†XÈ_X X X=‹I0#ÔÔ‡X=‹ XXXÈ_ÔIn€our€view,€the€content€of€each€indictment€sufficiently€apprised€the€petitioner€of€theÐ Í Ðnature€of€the€charges€against€him€so€as€to€enable€the€entry€of€€proper€judgments€and€to€protectÐ ¶ Ðagainst€double€jeopardy.€€Among€other€things,€each€indictment€made€specific€reference€to€theÐ Ÿï Ðapplicable€statute,€provided€the€date€of€the€offense,€and€identified€the€name€of€the€victim.€€That€wasÐ ˆØ Ðenough.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Hammondsóó,€30€S.W.3d€294€(Tenn.€2000).Ð qÁ ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð C“ ÐÔ#†XÈ_X XX=‹ˆ;#ÔÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ç 7 Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE