ÿWPCT €£˜ÞÀWH•ë\}é>ÔºGšº'”³Ò¨çY R‘«ï)&,F2*Âtnqz¢´ƒ…¿ö¨{ê»lÐ]?Me‡Œ0·ä×” 6œ:¶Þøäšs ¦÷æLè#«Ö¡éÆZ<_Ø\sqŒÎD樂™¿¥z@#Á^*—¾K8ÜGx5èÚ–æœpeì€üËeQudÒa(rÔä’põûL3®1ó‘Ô ÆñRX;/„·Ê"qæØb…¡e ¥=¤ ýPªÃ`ͺ(á7D®¾B1‘÷üjÞç¢Ò*‹ À÷³·öÛûf2¥SIá Z"No¾OùÚ2n[brwWAÜ‹¸ÚYg‚û•WÃùE„Üx̰Ӟ´Ïp“Y>,/6ãig;&:¬S)ndŠq½Ä–Ñn$ŠÅSœÇDì<b#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz UN‘ Æß Æ¥ Æk Æ1j÷Na 0DcU@§Eçvé_+g·’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’bIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 0ëQQQQ B<< 0¤Y D3ý D-0 0K]] AS¨Æû 0¤Á 0De A«©˜HP LaserJet 8000 Series PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0 »èqQ)â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular*DJ)¸­©k1H¾© ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 `Ý ƒRH$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ ô Ç ò» »ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ôð ðððKnowingðð€refers€to€a€person€who€acts€knowingly€with€respect€to€the€conduct€or€to€circumstances€surroundingÐ ° Ðthe€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€of€the€nature€of€the€conduct€or€that€the€circumstances€exist.€€A€person€actsÐ tÄ Ðknowingly€with€respect€to€a€result€of€the€personððs€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€that€the€conduct€is€reasonably€certainÐ 8ˆ Ðto€cause€the€result.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(20).(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÈhH  Z‹(Times New Roman  lÝ ƒRH$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ ô Ç ò» »ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔEnhancement€factor€(20)€is:€ð ðThe€defendant€was€adjudicated€to€have€committed€a€delinquent€act€or€acts€as€aÐ ° Ðjuvenile€that€would€constitute€a€felony€if€committed€by€an€adult.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(20).€€  !Ý ƒRH$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ ô Ç ò» »ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ô Ç ò ò ô ÇÔThe€victim€testified€to€the€following:€ð ðWell,€I€canððt€„€„€like€my€left€eye€wonððt€blink,€and€the€left€side€of€my€headÐ ° Ðis€numb,€I€canððt€feel€anything.€€And€itððs€like€I€have€a€taste€but€I€canððt€really€tell€like€different€„€„€the€full€flavor€of€differentÐ tÄ Ðfoods,€itððs€not€the€same.ðð€€€€€€€€€Ô#† ô Ç ò òô Ç~#Ô€€€ ­Ý ƒRH$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ ô Ç ò» »ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔWe€acknowledge€the€trial€courtððs€use€of€ð ðdeprecating,ðð€as€used€with€connotative€accuracy€in€the€CriminalÐ ° ÐSentencing€Reform€Act€of€1982,€rather€than€ð ðdepreciatingðð€as€found€in€the€current€version€of€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ tÄ ÐSection€40„35„103(1)(B).€- ù-(|G2H$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[t»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô&¸ò»»Ô d(|3M$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[t»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3M$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[t»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€UL»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€ ¼¬»» »ÔÑ8€;ÌXXdê»»d 8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡ î´†î» ¼¬ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#† ¼¬»î î´† #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àJuly€11,€2000€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡ XöÛX» ¼¬ÔÌò òÔ#† ¼¬»X XöÛ#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€MICHAEL€EISOMòòóóÔ‡ XöÛX» ¼¬Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Lauderdale€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€6607€€€€€€Joseph€H.€Walker,€III,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W1999„00739„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€October€11,€2000Ð ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  Óò òó óThe€defendant€was€convicted€by€a€Lauderdale€County€jury€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€TheÐ xÈ  Ðtrial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€eleven€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction€as€a€Range€I,Ð d´ Ðstandard€offender.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendant€asserts€the€following€errors:€(1)€that€theÐ P  Ðevidence€was€not€sufficient€to€convict€him;€and€(2)€that€his€sentence€was€excessive.€€After€a€thoroughÐ <Œ Ðreview€of€the€record,€we€conclude€the€evidence€was€sufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trierÐ (x Ðof€fact€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€of€attempted€second€degree€murder,€and€the€trial€court€properlyÐ d Ðsentenced€the€defendant.€€We,€therefore,€affirm€the€defendantððs€conviction€and€sentence.€Ð P ÐÔ#† ¼¬»X XöÛ†#ÔÔ‡ XöÛX» ¼¬Ôò òó óÓ’ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óÐ Ø( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#† ¼¬»à XöÛ#ÔÔ‡ XöÛX. ¼¬ÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Welles,€J.,óó€and€òòCorneliaÐ ° ÐA.€Clark,€Sp.J.óó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌJ.€Thomas€Caldwell,€Ripley,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Michael€Eisom.Ð tÄ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€J.€Ross€Dyer,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€andÐ L œ ÐElizabeth€T.€Rice,€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÓ±ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#† ¼¬»X XöÛà#ÔÔ‡ XöÛX» ¼¬ÔÐ #`" ÐÌòòóóÔ#† ¼¬»X XöÛ= #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€ XöÛX» ¼¬Ôà  àThe€defendant,€Michael€Eisom,€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€conviction€by€a€LauderdaleÐ è$8 $ ÐCounty€jury€of€attempted€second€degree€murder,€a€Class€B€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€theÐ Ô%$!% Ðdefendant€to€eleven€years€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender,€to€be€served€in€the€Department€ofÐ À&"& ÐCorrection.€€The€defendant€presents€two€issues€for€our€review:Ð ¬'ü"' ÐÌÓ*°,XƒX" ¸ —X°œX*Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI.€à8" ` x` xàWhether€the€evidence€was€sufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,Ð „)Ô$) Ðto€sustain€the€conviction€for€attempted€second€degreeÐ p*À%* Ðmurder;€andÐ\+¬&+" ¶" ¶ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àII.€à8" ` x` xàWhether€the€sentence€was€excessive.Ð#4-„(-" ¶" ¶ý¦ #ЇÌà  àHaving€reviewed€the€entire€record,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€as€a€matterÐ œì Ðof€law€to€sustain€the€conviction€for€attempted€second€degree€murder€andòòóó€that€the€trial€court€did€notÐ ˆØ Ðerr€in€sentencing€the€defendant€to€eleven€years.€We€therefore€affirm€both€the€conviction€andÐ tÄ Ðsentence.Ð `° ÐÌà@¥¥(ìàò òòòFACTSóóˆÐ 8 ˆ Ðó óÌà  àThe€defendant€and€the€victim€met€in€Halls,€Tennessee,€and€began€a€relationship€in€AugustÐ  ` Ð1997.€€The€victim,€a€twenty„four„year„old€single€mother€of€two€children,€ages€five€and€three,€wasÐ ü L  Ðliving€with€her€mother€and€children€in€a€home€owned€by€her€uncle.€€The€defendant€was€nineteen,Ð è 8  Ðliving€with€his€mother,€and€receiving€SSI€payments€for€a€disability€based€on€his€mental€capacity,Ð Ô$  Ðwhich€has€been€recorded€in€ranges€from€a€low€IQ€of€55€to€a€high€of€81.€€The€defendant€attendedÐ À  Ðspecial€education€classes€until€the€tenthòòóó€grade€and€has€never€held€a€job.€€He€spent€a€great€deal€of€timeÐ ¬ü  Ðat€the€home€of€his€aunt,€who€lived€across€the€street€from€the€victim.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àOn€March€3,€1998,€the€victim€sought€a€protective€order€enjoining€the€defendant€from€comingÐ pÀ Ðnear€or€threatening€her.€€The€order,€issued€on€March€10,€1998,€by€the€General€Sessions€Court€ofÐ \¬ ÐLauderdale€County,€was€based€on€the€victimððs€assertion€that€the€defendant€had€assaulted€her€byÐ H˜ Ðpunching€her€in€the€right€eye€with€his€fist.€€The€victim€reported€at€the€time€that€she€ð ðwas€afraid€ofÐ 4„ Ðhim,ðð€and€testified€at€trial€that€their€relationship€ended€March€3,€1998.€€An€assault€warrant€on€theÐ  p Ðdefendant€was€outstanding€at€the€time€of€the€events€on€which€the€attempted€second€degree€murderÐ  \ Ðconviction€is€based.Ð øH ÐÌà  àIn€the€early€morning€hours€of€March€23,€1998,€the€defendant€entered€the€home€of€the€victimÐ Ð  Ðthrough€an€unlocked€back€door.€€At€the€time,€the€victimððs€mother€was€out€of€town.€€The€victimððs€twoÐ ¼  Ðchildren€were€asleep€in€a€bedroom,€and€the€victim€was€sleeping€on€a€sofa€in€the€living€room.€€TheÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant€woke€the€victim,€got€on€his€knees,€and€began€rubbing€her€hand,€saying,€ð ðMy€baby€donððtÐ ”ä Ðlove€me€no€more.€My€baby€donððt€love€me€no€more.ðð€€The€victim€told€the€defendant€to€leave.€€TheÐ €Ð Ðvictim€testified€that€the€defendant€said,€ð ðWell,€if€I€canððt€have€you,€canððt€nobody€else€have€you.ðð€€TheÐ l¼ Ðdefendant€got€a€chefððs€knife€from€a€drawer€in€the€kitchen.€€The€victim€testified€to€what€happenedÐ X ¨ Ðnext:Ð D!” ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àHe€stabbed€me€the€first€time,€and€I€screamed.€€He€covered€myÐ #l! Ðmouth.€€My€kids€got€up€and€got€on€the€couch.€€He€covered€my€mouth,Ð $X" Ðthrew€me€on€the€floor,€and€then€he€just€proceeded€to€keep€stabbingÐ ô$D # Ðme.€€He€just€did€it€for€a€long€time.€€Iððm€not€sure€about€how€long€itÐ à%0!$ Ðwas,€but€it€just€seemed€like€it€was€a€long€time.€€But€he€just€did€it€overÐ Ì&"% Ðand€over€again.€€Ð¸'#&` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àAnd€I€was€on€the€floor,€and€I€would€like€roll€over,€and€he€wouldÐ )à$( Ðstab€and€he€would€stop€for€a€little€while€and€he€would€say€something.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐI€couldnððt€understand€all€of€the€things€that€he€was€saying.€€But€heÐ h+¸&* Ðstopped€and€he€started€back€again.€€He€would€stop€and€he€would€leaveÐ ° Ðout€of€the€room,€heððd€come€back€in€there€and€heððd€just€start.Мì` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àAnd€once€I€tried€to€just€act€like€I€was€just€dead€and€just€lay€onÐ tÄ Ðthe€floor€and€act€like€I€wasnððt€breathing.€€And€he€took€my€hand€he€justÐ `° Ðlike€picked€it€up€and€let€it€fall€down.€€And€he€was€like,€ð ðSheððs€notÐ L œ Ðdead.ðð€€And€then€he€left€out€of€the€room,€and€thatððs€when€I€got€„€„€IÐ 8 ˆ Ðwas€able€to€get€up€off€the€floor€and€get€out€of€the€house.€Ð$ t` x` x ÐÌà  à€The€victim€was€asked€about€her€children€and€whether€the€defendant€had€any€contact€withÐ ü L  Ðthem€during€the€attack.€€The€victim€testified€to€the€following:Ð è 8  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àWell,€during,€they€„€„€my€little€girl,€she€would€scream€on€and€off.€Ð À  ÐAnd€my€little€boy€asked€him€if€he€was€hitting€me,€why€he€was€hittingÐ ¬ü  Ðme€with€the€knife.€€He€told€him€no,€he€wasnððt€hitting€me€with€theÐ ˜è  Ðknife,€he€was€just€wiping€the€blood€off€of€the€knife.Ð„Ô ` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€victim€escaped€to€the€house€next€door€where€she€made€it€inside€before€collapsing.€€A€911Ð \¬ Ðcall€brought€an€ambulance,€and€then€police€arrived€on€the€scene.€€The€victim€was€later€airlifted€toÐ H˜ Ðthe€Regional€Medical€Center€at€Memphis€where,€over€the€course€of€€nine€days,€she€accumulatedÐ 4„ Ðsome€$52,000€in€medical€bills,€including€costs€for€repair€of€a€complex€scalp€laceration€totaling€30Ð  p Ðcentimeters€in€length;€repair€of€complex€facial€lacerations€totaling€33€centimeters€in€length;€andÐ  \ Ðrepair€of€lacerations€to€the€extremities,€the€chest,€the€thorax,€and€the€hands.€€Her€body€sustained€someÐ øH Ðfifty€stab€wounds.€The€defendant€was€apprehended€by€police€shortly€after€the€attack.€€He€was€foundÐ ä4 Ðhiding€under€the€bed€in€his€auntððs€house€across€the€street.Ð Ð  ÐÌà@’’'ìàò òòòISSUESˆÐ ¨ø ÐóóÌà@÷÷ìàI.€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceˆÐ €Ð ÐÌà  àó óThe€defendant€does€not€deny€that€he€attacked€the€victim.€€He€argues€that€the€evidenceÐ X ¨ Ðpresented€to€the€jury€was€not€sufficient€to€convict€him€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€HeÐ D!” Ðcontends€that€he€should€have€been€convicted€of€attempted€voluntary€manslaughter€instead,€becauseÐ 0"€  Ðthe€crime€was€committed€in€a€state€of€passion€produced€by€the€victimððs€termination€of€theirÐ #l! Ðrelationship.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àIn€considering€this€issue,€we€apply€the€familiar€rule€that€where€sufficiency€of€the€convictingÐ à%0!$ Ðevidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€for€the€reviewing€court€is€€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€theÐ Ì&"% Ðevidence€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÐ ¸'#& Ðelements€of€the€offense€charged€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,Ð ¤(ô#' Ð99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560€(1979).€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€190„92Ð )à$( Ð(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,€604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.Ð |*Ì%) Ð1992);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)€(ð ðFindings€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€orÐ h+¸&* Ðjury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guiltÐ ° Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð).€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àAll€questions€involving€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€theÐ tÄ Ðevidence,€and€all€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2dÐ `° Ð620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).€€ð ðA€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,Ð L œ Ðapproved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€allÐ 8 ˆ Ðconflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State.ðð€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€OurÐ $ t Ðsupreme€court€stated€the€rationale€for€this€rule:Ð  ` ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThis€well„settled€rule€rests€on€a€sound€foundation.€€The€trial€judge€andÐ è 8  Ðthe€jury€see€the€witnesses€face€to€face,€hear€their€testimony€andÐ Ô$  Ðobserve€their€demeanor€on€the€stand.€€Thus€the€trial€judge€and€jury€areÐ À  Ðthe€primary€instrumentality€of€justice€to€determine€the€weight€andÐ ¬ü  Ðcredibility€to€be€given€to€the€testimony€of€witnesses.€€In€the€trialÐ ˜è  Ðforum€alone€is€there€human€atmosphere€and€the€totality€of€theÐ „Ô  Ðevidence€cannot€be€reproduced€with€a€written€record€in€this€Court.ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌòòBolin€v.€Stateóó,€405€S.W.2d€768,€771€(Tenn.€1966)€(citing€òòCarroll€v.€Stateóó,€370€S.W.2d€523€(Tenn.Ð H˜ Ð1963)).€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€a€defendant€is€initiallyÐ 4„ Ðcloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€ofÐ  p Ðdemonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.Ð  \ Ð1982).Ð øH ÐÌà  àAt€the€time€this€crime€was€committed€in€1998,€second€degree€murder€was€defined€as€aÐ Ð  Ðð ðknowing€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1)€(1997).€€The€SentencingÐ ¼  ÐCommission€Comments€note€that€this€section€ð ðshould€always€be€read€in€conjunction€with€the€firstÐ ¨ø Ðdegree€murder,€voluntary€manslaughter€and€criminally€negligent€homicide€statutes.ðð€€òòIdóó.,€SentencingÐ ”ä ÐCommission€Cmts.€€Both€second€degree€murder€and€voluntary€manslaughter€are€ð ðknowingðð€killings.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р€Ð ÐVoluntary€manslaughter€is€a€lesser„included€crime€of€second€degree€murder€that€involves€theÐ l¼ Ðmitigating€elements€of€the€defendantððs€ð ðstate€of€passion€produced€by€adequate€provocation€sufficientÐ X ¨ Ðto€lead€a€reasonable€person€to€act€in€an€irrational€manner.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„211(a).€€It€wasÐ D!” Ða€question€for€the€jury€whether€the€defendantððs€acts€were€a€ð ðknowingðð€attempt€to€commit€secondÐ 0"€  Ðdegree€murder€or€whether€he€was€acting€under€ð ðadequate€provocation.ðð€€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€909Ð #l! ÐS.W.2d€461,€464€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1995).Ð $X" ÐÌà  àIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€evidence€showed€that€the€defendant€had€beenÐ à%0!$ Ðwalking€up€and€down€the€street€opposite€the€victimððs€house€on€the€day€before€the€attack;€that€heÐ Ì&"% Ðcame€into€the€victimððs€home€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€March€23,€1998;€that€he€took€a€knife€fromÐ ° Ða€drawer€in€the€kitchen;€and€that€he€brutally€attacked€the€victim€while€her€children€watched,€stabbingÐ œì Ðher€continuously€with€the€knife€until€she€was€able€to€escape.€€The€evidence€showed€that€he€stoppedÐ ˆØ Ðthe€stabbing€periodically€and€even€spoke€to€the€victimððs€children.€€The€evidence€showed€that€theÐ tÄ Ðdefendant€left€the€house€through€the€back€door€and€then€hid€under€a€bed€in€his€auntððs€home€acrossÐ `° Ðthe€street.€€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€he€is€ð ðso€limited€that€his€reasoning€powers€must€be€taken€intoÐ $ t Ðconsideration€in€deciding€what€his€state€of€mind€was€at€the€time€of€the€offense.ðð€€The€defendantÐ  ` Ðdraws€an€analogy€to€insanity€cases€but€did€not€argue€insanity€as€a€defense€at€trial.€€In€fact,€the€expertÐ ü L  Ðproof€at€trial€was€that€the€defendant€was€not€insane€at€the€time€of€the€offense€and€was€competent€toÐ è 8  Ðstand€trial.€€The€defendant€also€points€to€the€prohibition€of€the€death€sentence€where€the€defendantÐ Ô$  Ðis€mentally€retarded.€€However,€the€proof€was€that€the€defendant,€though€admittedly€of€lowÐ À  Ðintelligence,€still€had€a€driverððs€license;€drove€a€car;€handled€at€least€$100€a€month€of€allowance;Ð ¬ü  Ðbought€gifts;€procured€marijuana€and€beer;€and€was€generally€free€to€spend€his€day€as€he€chose.€€TheÐ ˜è  Ðdefendant€also€admitted€to€being€the€father€of€a€three„year„old€child.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€theÐ \¬ Ðdefendant€attempted€to€commit€second€degree€murder€and,€therefore,€we€affirm€the€conviction.Ð H˜ ÐÌà@ÚÚ$ìàò òII.€€SentenceˆÐ  p ÐÌà  àó óThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessive€sentence.€€The€sentencingÐ øH Ðrange€for€attempted€second€degree€murder€for€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€is€eight€to€twelve€years.€Ð ä4 ÐThe€defendant€received€a€sentence€of€eleven€years.€€The€defendant€asserts€that€his€sentence€shouldÐ Ð  Ðhave€been€at€the€low€end€of€the€range.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòde€novoóó€on€the€record€with€a€presumption€that€the€trialÐ ”ä Ðcourtððs€determinations€are€correct.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„401(d).Ô‡XöÛXX XöÛÔ€This€presumption€isÐ €Ð Ð"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÐ l¼ Ðprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ð X ¨ Ð1991).€In€conducting€a€òòóóòòde€novoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€must€consider€(a)€any€evidenceÐ D!” Ðreceived€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ 0"€  Ðsentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(e)€the€nature€andÐ #l! Ðcharacteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€theÐ $X" Ðaccused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)€the€accused's€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€orÐ ô$D # Ðtreatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210;€€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.Ð à%0!$ ÐCrim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àThe€party€challenging€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€has€the€burden€of€establishingÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthat€the€sentences€are€erroneous.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Cmts.;Ð )à$( Ðòòseeóó€òòalsoóó€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169òòóó.€€In€this€case,€the€defendant€has€the€burden€of€illustrating€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðsentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€erroneous.€€This€means€that€if€the€trial€court€followed€theÐ h+¸&* Ðstatutory€sentencing€procedure,€made€findings€of€fact€that€are€adequately€supported€in€the€record,€andÐ ° Ðgave€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencingÐ œì Ðunder€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€result€wereÐ ˆØ Ðpreferred.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€In€this€respect,€theÐ tÄ Ðweight€to€be€afforded€any€existing€enhancement€or€mitigating€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€courtððsÐ `° Ðdiscretion.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210,€Sentencing€Commission€Cmts.€(noting€the€statuteððsÐ L œ Ðpurpose€of€maintaining€ð ðjudicial€discretion€necessary€to€make€individualized€sentencingÐ 8 ˆ Ðdeterminationsðð).Ð $ t ÐÌà  àThe€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€evidence€heard€at€trial,€the€evidenceÐ ü L  Ðheard€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€investigation€report€prepared€by€the€Department€of€Correction,Ð è 8  Ðthe€victim€impact€statement,€the€principles€of€sentencing,€the€statements€of€counsel,€and€the€natureÐ Ô$  Ðand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct.€€The€defendant€testified€on€his€own€behalf€at€theÐ À  Ðsentencing€hearing.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àIn€sentencing€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€found€no€applicable€statutory€mitigating€factorsÐ „Ô  Ðamong€those€listed€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€Section€40„35„113(1)€„€(12).€€The€defendant€arguesÐ pÀ Ðthat€the€trial€court€should€have€applied€factor€(8),€which€states:€ð ðThe€defendant€was€suffering€fromÐ \¬ Ða€mental€or€physical€condition€that€significantly€reduced€the€defendantððs€culpability€for€the€offense;Ð H˜ Ðhowever,€the€voluntary€use€of€intoxicants€does€not€fall€within€the€purview€of€this€factor[.]ðð€Tenn.Ð 4„ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(8).€€Although€€the€trial€court€did€not€apply€factor€(8),€it€did€consider€theÐ  p Ðmental€condition€of€the€defendant.€€The€trial€court€stated,€ð ðThe€Court€finds€in€mitigation€that€theÐ  \ Ðdefendant€has€been€in€Special€Education€classes€while€in€school,€he€was€transferred€to€theÐ øH ÐDepartment€of€Youth€Development€which€determined€that€he€had€a€learning€disability,€he€has€aÐ ä4 Ðclinical€record€that€shows€heððs€functionally€illiterate€with€an€IQ€of€81.ðð€€Although€the€trial€court€didÐ Ð  Ðnot€specifically€reference€ð ðcatchallðð€factor€(13),€according€to€that€factor,€the€trial€court€may€considerÐ ¼  Ðð ð[a]ny€other€factor€consistent€with€the€purposes€of€this€chapter.ðð€€òòIdóó.€ðð€40„35„113(13).Ô#† XöÛXXXöÛOE#ÔÔ‡XöÛXX XöÛÔ€The€trial€courtÐ ¨ø Ðdid,€therefore,€consider€the€mental€condition€of€the€defendant€but€gave€it€little€weight.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àAs€to€enhancing€factors,€the€trial€court€applied€three,€each€of€which€is€challenged€by€theÐ l¼ Ðdefendant.€€The€trial€court€applied€the€following€statutory€enhancement€factors:Ð X ¨ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÐ 0"€  Ðcriminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€theÐ #l! Ðappropriate€range;€€€€€€Ð$X"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(6)€The€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€or€the€amount€of€damage€toÐ à%0!$ Ðproperty€sustained€by€or€taken€from€the€victim€was€particularly€great;€Ð Ì&"% Ѐ€€€€Ð¸'#&` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(9)€The€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm,€explosive€deviceÐ ¤(ô#' Ðor€other€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€the€offense[.]€Ð)à$(` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€„(6),€„(9).Ð h+¸&* Їà  àThe€defendant€challenges€the€application€of€factor€(1)€based€on€the€fact€that€the€defendantððsÐ ° Ðjuvenile€record€showed€acts€that€were€of€a€ð ðgeneral,€unexplained€nature,€and€none€of€which€wereÐ œì Ðshown€to€have€constituted€a€felony€if€committed€by€an€adult.ðð€€Although€the€defendant€cites€factorÐ ˆØ Ð(20),׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€in€arguing€that€his€previous€criminal€record€should€not€be€a€sentencing€consideration,€theÐ tÄ Ðpresentence€report€shows€that€he€has€had€a€number€of€misdemeanor€convictions€since€becomingÐ `° Ðeighteen€years€of€age.€€These€convictions€were€for€evading€arrest€(two€separate€cases),€possessionÐ L œ Ðof€marijuana€(two€separate€cases),€possession€of€a€deadly€weapon,€failure€to€appear,€reckless€driving,Ð 8 ˆ Ðtheft€under€$500,€underage€possession€of€alcohol,€and€resisting€arrest.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€courtÐ $ t Ðfound€that€the€defendant€had€a€previous€history€of€criminal€behavior€and€convictions€in€addition€toÐ  ` Ðthose€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range,€and€sentenced€the€defendant€as€a€Range€I,€standardÐ ü L  Ðoffender.€€The€trial€court€properly€applied€enhancement€factor€(1)€in€light€of€the€defendantððsÐ è 8  Ðextensive€record€of€misdemeanor€convictions.€€òòState€v.€Norrisóó,€874€S.W.2d€590,€601€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ô$  ÐApp.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1993).Ð À  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€challenges€factor€(6),€the€seriousness€of€the€injuries€inflicted€on€the€victim,€Ð ˜è  Ðrelying€on€òòState€v.€Makokaóó,€885€S.W.2d€366,€374€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€The€defendant€arguesÐ „Ô  Ðthat,€even€though€òòMakokaóó€did€not€deal€with€factor€(6)€at€all,€the€reasoning€in€that€case€should€applyÐ pÀ Ðby€analogy€to€the€defendantððs€case€and€disallow€the€application€by€the€trial€court€of€enhancementÐ \¬ Ðfactor€(6).€€Basically,€the€defendant€argues€that€serious€bodily€injury€is€inherent€in€the€crime€ofÐ H˜ Ðattempted€second€degree€murder€and€therefore€the€court€erred€in€applying€factor€(6).€€However,€theÐ 4„ Ðdefendantððs€argument€in€this€regard€is€contrary€to€the€law.€òòóó€òòState€v.€Alexanderóó,€957€S.W.2d€1,€7Ð  p Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1997)€(ð ð[P]ersonal€injuries,€great€or€small,€are€not€anÐ  \ Ðelement€of€attempted€murder.ðð);€òòState€v.€Thomas€R.€Baldwinóó,€No.€01C01„9612„CR„00530,€1998€WLÐ øH Ð426199€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€July€29,€1998),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€Feb.€16,€1999)Ð ä4 Ð(enhancement€factor€(6)€applied€to€sentence€for€conviction€of€attempted€second€degree€murder).Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àHere,€the€victim€suffered€serious€bodily€injuries,€as€set€forth€above,€some€of€which€caused€Ð ¨ø Ðsignificant€disability.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Our€supreme€court€has€held€that€ð ðproof€of€serious€bodily€injury€will€alwaysÐ ”ä Ðconstitute€proof€of€particularly€great€injury.ðð€€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€602€(Tenn.€1994).€€WeÐ €Ð Ðconclude€that€the€victim€suffered€particularly€great€injury,€and€this€enhancement€factor€was€properlyÐ l¼ Ðapplied.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€fails€to€argue€specifically€why€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancementÐ 0"€  Ðfactor€(9),€that€the€defendant€employed€a€deadly€weapon.€€Therefore,€this€issue€is€waived.€€However,Ð #l! Ðwe€note€that€a€chefððs€knife€was€entered€into€evidence€at€trial€as€the€weapon€used€in€the€attack€withoutÐ $X" Ðobjection.€€We€conclude€that€the€knife€was€a€deadly€weapon,€and,€therefore,€factor€(9)€wasÐ ô$D # Ðappropriately€applied€to€enhance€the€defendantððs€sentence.€€Ð à%0!$ Їà  àA€portion€of€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€codified€at€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ ° ÐSection€40„35„210,€established€specific€procedures€to€be€followed€in€sentencing.€€At€the€time€of€theÐ œì Ðdefendantððs€sentencing€hearing€in€1999,€this€section€provided€that€the€minimum€sentence€within€theÐ ˆØ Ðrange€was€the€presumptive€sentence€for€Class€B,€C,€D,€and€E€felonies.€€If€there€are€enhancement€andÐ tÄ Ðmitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€must€start€at€the€presumptive€sentence€in€the€range€and€enhance€theÐ `° Ðsentence€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€within€the€rangeÐ L œ Ðas€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€The€weight€to€be€given€each€factor€is€left€to€the€discretionÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€trial€court.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.Ð $ t Ðòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1993).Ð  ` ÐÌà  àHere,€the€court€found€that€the€enhancement€factors,€all€of€which€we€have€determined€wereÐ è 8  Ðproperly€applied,€greatly€outweighed€the€mitigating€factor€of€the€defendantððs€low€mental€ability.€€TheÐ Ô$  Ðtrial€court€began€with€the€presumptive€sentence€of€eight€years€and€found€that€it€should€be€enhancedÐ À  Ðto€eleven€years€as€a€standard€offender.€€The€trial€court€went€on€to€state€why€it€felt€confinement€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðparticularly€suitable€in€this€case,€according€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€Section€40„35„103(1)€(A)„Ð ˜è  Ð(C).€€The€trial€court€found€confinement€necessary€to€protect€society€by€restraining€the€defendant€andÐ „Ô  Ðalso€necessary€to€ð ðavoid€deprecating€the€seriousness€of€this€offense.ðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€trial€court€also€foundÐ pÀ Ðconfinement€necessary€to€provide€an€effective€deterrence,€ð ðin€that€the€defendant€has€been€tried€in€theÐ \¬ Ðpast€on€suspended€sentences€through€Sessions€Court€that€have€proved€not€to€be€successful.ðð€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àAs€to€protecting€society,€the€defendantððs€mental€evaluation€conducted€at€Western€MentalÐ  p ÐHealth€Institute€included€the€results€of€the€Millon€Clinical€Multiaxial€Inventory,€which€evaluated€theÐ  \ Ðdefendant€as€follows:Ð øH ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àAccording€to€the€report€he€has€disdain€for€the€welfare€of€others€withÐ Ð  Ðnonempathic,€prejudiced,€and€self„centered€attitudes.€€He€has€aÐ ¼  Ðsocially€intimidating€manner€and€has€voiced€pride€in€his€self€reliance,Ð ¨ø Ðunsentamentality,€and€competitive€values.€.€.€.€€He€is€characteristicallyÐ ”ä Ðtouchy€and€jealous€and€is€often€inclined€to€brood€and€harbor€grudges.€Ð €Ð ÐHe€is€easily€provoked€and€can€express€sudden€and€unanticipatedÐ l¼ Ðbrutality.€€He€has€the€desire€to€provoke€fear€and€to€intimidate€othersÐ X ¨ Ðto€overcome€his€sense€of€inner€weakness€and€to€vindicate€pastÐ D!” Ðinjustices.€€€€€€Ô#† XöÛXXXöÛW#ÔÐ0"€ ` x` x ЀÌThe€record€showed€a€history€of€criminal€activity.€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àWhile€the€trial€court€did€not€make€a€specific€finding€concerning€the€seriousness€of€the€crime,Ð à%0!$ Ðâ âthe€record€showed€that€the€defendantððs€crime€was€an€escalation€of€a€previous€domestic€assault.€€TheÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendant€committed€a€violent€attack€on€an€unarmed€woman€in€the€presence€of€children.€€Such€anÐ ° Ðact€requires€punishment€of€equal€seriousness.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àAs€to€the€fact€that€ð ðmeasures€less€restrictive€than€confinement€have€frequently€or€recentlyÐ tÄ Ðbeen€applied€unsuccessfully€to€the€defendant,ðð€the€record€showed€that,€although€a€protective€orderÐ `° Ðhad€been€in€place€prohibiting€the€defendant€from€any€contact€with€the€victim,€he€not€only€perpetratedÐ L œ Ðthe€attempted€second€degree€murder€at€issue€here,€but€while€on€bond€for€the€present€crime,€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðdefendant€continued€to€harass€the€victim.€€The€defendant€argues,€nevertheless,€that€nothing€in€theÐ $ t Ðrecord€shows€that€the€defendant€ever€violated€any€order€of€probation.€€The€defendantððs€juvenileÐ  ` Ðconvictions,€including€theft€under€$500€when€he€was€twelve,€and€three€charges€of€assault€and€battery,Ð ü L  Ðall€included€some€form€of€probation€or€home€detention.€€By€age€eighteen,€the€defendant€had€addedÐ è 8  Ðanother€conviction€for€theft€under€$500,€possession€of€alcohol€under€age,€and€resisting€arrest,Ð Ô$  Ðapparently€without€ever€serving€any€time€in€incarceration.€€By€age€nineteen,€the€defendant€had€addedÐ À  Ðconvictions€for€marijuana€possession,€reckless€driving,€evading€arrest,€failure€to€appear,€andÐ ¬ü  Ðpossession€of€a€deadly€weapon.€€His€sentences€were€suspended;€he€was€ordered€repeatedly€to€payÐ ˜è  Ðfines;€and€he€was€ordered€to€turn€a€weapon€over€to€the€sheriffððs€department.€€There€is€substantialÐ „Ô  Ðevidence€in€the€record€to€support€the€trial€courtððs€determination€that€measures€less€restrictive€thanÐ pÀ Ðconfinement€have€frequently€or€recently€been€applied€unsuccessfully€to€the€defendant.€€€€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€recommended€the€defendant€for€mental€health€treatment€while€in€theÐ 4„ ÐDepartment€of€Correction.Ð  p ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€trial€court€appropriately€applied€three€enhancement€factors€andÐ øH Ðappropriately€weighed€the€defendantððs€mental€condition€in€mitigation.€€The€sentence€of€eleven€yearsÐ ä4 Ðas€a€standard€offender,€to€be€served€in€confinement,€is€proper€in€this€case.Ð Ð  ÐÌà@FF%ìàò òòòCONCLUSIONóóˆÐ ¨ø ÐÌà  àó óThe€evidence€is€sufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€to€support€the€defendantððs€conviction€forÐ €Ð Ðattempted€second€degree€murder.€€The€sentence€imposed€for€this€offense€is€appropriate.€€For€theÐ l¼ Ðreasons€set€out€in€the€discussion€above,€we€conclude€that€the€defendantððs€issues€on€appeal€lack€merit,Ð X ¨ Ðand€therefore,€his€conviction€and€sentence€are€hereby€affirmed.€€Ð D!” ÐÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà " àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð à%0!$ Ðà  àà ` àà " àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE