ÿWPC» ¤X‡,ÏÞºöyë« 1"¹v sï]îG¾7î/õ}™éN<”‚ \žµ[bJØzƒ×+X£ï«;h]ÍbA·Ì#ý¯áª»m³Áî:4Ñ*¬1éw¬°j ùÆàÓ¨áD鮎_kš …bwöd®òåöK¾¤ð·Æ‹xX·œtâGÑéç"è¯%j@†Š£ÔvŒ#³gÐ5 õ@smcعøÏE½šÌð–¿Œh.®(ôl]ÖÆ†½ŠR«~7 B½jñùá€ÝAáÄX3w[äPW#ÁÂUNƒ %Ñ 0:×UN ^ _ wk 4o ƒ ’ m” U@« UNë 0~9 0D· vû #q q q ””Eœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœ Bž˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularçµv) ÖJ~'”YŸè¦3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular(.(3Ä($¤¤Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó lÝ ƒÄ($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôѵ òXXÔThe€trial€court€held€that€enhancement€factor€(8)€was€ð ðsupported€by€the€fact€that€[the€defendant]€was,€inÐ ° Ðfact,€on€probation€at€the€time€when€he€committed€these€robberies.ððÔ#†XÛMX òôѵe#Ô Ý ƒÄ($ÝÔUSUS.,Ôà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡ôѵ òXXÔBecause€consecutive€sentencing€was€proper€under€the€statute,€this€Court€need€not€determine€whether€theÐ ° Ðtrial€court€erred€in€finding€that€the€defendant€was€a€professional€criminal,€had€an€extensive€record€of€criminalÐ n¾ Ðactivity,€or€was€a€dangerous€offender.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40-35-115(b)(1),€(2),€(4).Ð ,| ÐÔ#†XÛMX òôѵe#ÔÌ€  dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡XÛMXXXÔÔ‡îa[îXXÛMÔÑ8€ÛMXXdædÈ8Ñà@ttìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†XÛMXîîa[\#ÔÔ‡¼P(»XXÛMԈРР ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àJune€20,€2000€SessionÐ ð@ ÐÔ#†XÛMX»¼P(I#ÔÌò òÔ‡îa[îXXÛMÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€JEFFREY€ENGLISHòòóóÔ#†XÛMXîîa[ó#Ôó óÐ ä4 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€as€of€Right€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Williamson€CountyÐ ê : Ðà@@øøìàNo.€II„1298„401„A€€€€€€Timothy€L.€Easter,€JudgeÐ Ð  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‚Ò  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M1999„02495„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€November€22,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ wÇ  ÐÌó óÔ#†XÛMXXXÛM=#ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡ XÛMXXXÛMÔOn€December€14,€1998,€a€Williamson€County€Grand€Jury€returned€presentments€charging€JeffreyÐ C“  ÐEnglish,€the€defendant€and€appellant,€with€three€counts€of€aggravated€robbery€and€one€count€ofÐ )y  Ðaggravated€assault.€€The€defendant€pled€guilty€to€three€counts€of€aggravated€assault.€€At€a€subsequentÐ _ Ðsentencing€hearing,€the€defendant€also€pled€true€to€violating€the€probation€he€was€on€at€the€time€ofÐ õE Ðthe€instant€offenses.€€Following€the€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€sixteen€yearsÐ Û+ Ðfor€each€count€of€aggravated€robbery.€€His€probation€was€revoked€and€he€was€sentenced€to€serveÐ Á Ðeight€years€for€the€prior€aggravated€robbery.€€The€court€ordered€the€defendant€to€serve€all€fourÐ §÷ Ðsentences€consecutively.€€On€appeal,€the€defendant€argues€that€his€sentence€is€excessive.€€After€aÐ Ý Ðthorough€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€€Ô#†XÛMXX XÛMW#ÔÐ sà ÐÌÌÌò òÔ‡ XÛMXXXÛMÔÓ  ÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€of€WilliamsonÐ  [ ÐCounty€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ ñA ÐÓÐÓÌòòJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Welles,€J.,óó€and€òòJohnÐ ½  ÐEverett€Williams,€J.óó,€joined.Ð £ó ÐÌGene€Honea,€Assistant€Public€Defender,€Franklin,€Tennessee,€attorney€for€the€appellant,€RhondaÐ o!¿  ÐJennings.Ð U"¥! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter,€Lucian€D.€Geise,€Assistant€Attorney€General,€and€Ð !$q# ÐRon€Davis,€District€Attorney€General,€Jeff€Burks,€Assistant€District€Attorney,€attorneys€for€theÐ %W $ Ðappellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†XÛMXX XÛM±#ÔÐ í%=!% ÐÌà@55'ìàòòò òOPINIONó óóóˆÐ ¹' #' ÐÌò òòòÔ‡ XÛMXXXÛMÔà@€€!ìàFactual€BackgroundÔ‡ „hœ„X XÛMԈР…)Õ$) Ðó óóóÔ#†„hœ„„ „hœM #ÔÔ#†XÛMX„„hœ #Ôà  àThe€defendant€pled€guilty€to€robbing€three€convenience€stores€at€gunpoint€with€anÐ k*»%* Ðaccomplice.€€At€a€subsequent€sentencing€hearing,€the€state€introduced€a€presentence€report€and€aÐ Q+¡&+ Ðvictim€impact€statement€as€exhibits.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing€the€defendant€told€the€court€that€heÐ 7,‡', Ðand€a€codefendant€had€robbed€the€three€stores€and€stolen€a€total€of€approximately€five„thousandÐ ° Ðdollars.€€When€questioned€about€the€presentence€report,€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€had€priorÐ –æ Ðconvictions€for€aggravated€robbery,€burglary,€simple€assault€and€possession€of€cocaine.€€He€alsoÐ |Ì Ðadmitted€that€he€was€on€probation€for€a€prior€aggravated€robbery€when€he€committed€the€robberiesÐ b² Ðfor€which€he€was€being€sentenced.€€€The€defendant€testified€that€the€aggravated€robberies€in€theÐ H˜ Ðinstant€cases€were€a€result€of€two€factors:€the€drug€habit€he€had€acquired€when€he€was€twelve€yearsÐ . ~ Ðold€and€his€desire€to€impress€his€codefendant.€€The€defendant€told€the€court€that€he€was€sorry€forÐ  d Ðwhat€he€had€done,€and€that€he€took€responsibility€for€his€actions.Ð ú J Ðà  àThe€defendant€further€testified€that€he€was€born€in€Chicago€but€moved€to€Middle€TennesseeÐ à 0 Ðwhen€he€was€eighteen€to€escape€Chicagoððs€gang€culture.€€Since€coming€to€Tennessee,€the€defendantÐ Æ   Ðhad€a€variety€of€jobs,€the€longest€of€which€was€at€a€McDonaldððs€restaurant.€€The€defendant€workedÐ ¬ ü  Ðat€McDonaldððs€sporadically€over€a€two„year€period;€the€total€time€he€spent€working€there€wasÐ ’â  Ðapproximately€one€year.€€Although€he€changed€jobs€frequently,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€hadÐ xÈ  Ðworked€continuously€since€coming€to€Tennessee.Ð ^®  Ðà  àSharon€Smithson,€the€only€other€witness€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€testified€for€the€defense.€Ð D”  ÐMs.€Smithson€had€been€the€defendantððs€supervisor€at€McDonaldððs.€€She€testified€that€the€defendantÐ *z  Ðworked€intermittently,€but€that€he€was€a€hard€worker€and€she€would€hire€him€again€if€she€could.Ð ` Ðà  àFollowing€the€testimony,€the€trial€court€found€the€defendant€to€be€a€Range€II,€multipleÐ öF Ðoffender.€€The€court€ordered€the€defendant€to€serve€three€sixteen„year€sentences€consecutively€toÐ Ü, Ðeach€other€and€to€an€eight„year€term€on€the€previously€suspended€aggravated€robbery€sentence.€€TheÐ Â Ðtotal€effective€sentence€was€fifty„six€years.Ð ¨ø ÐÓ  Óò òòòÌSentencingÔ‡„hœ„XXÛMÔÐ tÄ ÐÔ#†XÛMX„„hœÊ#Ôóóó óÓ  Óà  àThe€defendant€claims€that€his€sentence€is€excessive.€€Specifically,€he€claims€that€the€trialÐ Zª Ðcourt€misapplied€enhancement€factors,€failed€to€consider€certain€mitigating€evidence,€inappropriatelyÐ @ Ðordered€consecutive€sentences,€and€ignored€general€sentencing€principles.€Ð &v Ðà  àÌò òòòÓ  ÓStandard€of€Reviewóóó óà @¸ àÔ‡ XÛMXXXÛMÔÐ òB ÐÓœÓà  àWhen€an€appellant€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€CourtÐ Ø( Ðconducts€a€de€novo€review€with€a€presumption€that€the€determination€of€the€trial€court€was€correct.€Ð ¾ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40-35-401(d).€€However,€this€presumption€of€correctness€is€"conditioned€uponÐ ¤ô Ðthe€affirmative€showing€that€the€trial€court€in€the€record€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ Š Ú Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€€If€appellateÐ p!À  Ðreview€reflects€that€the€trial€court€properly€considered€all€relevant€factors€and€its€findings€of€fact€areÐ V"¦! Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record,€this€Court€must€affirm€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€prefer€aÐ <#Œ" Ðdifferent€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€In€conducting€aÐ "$r# Ðreview,€this€Court€must€consider€the€evidence,€the€presentence€report,€the€sentencing€principles,€theÐ %X $ Ðarguments€of€counsel,€the€nature€and€character€of€the€offense,€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors,Ð î%>!% Ðany€statements€made€by€the€defendant,€and€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€òòState€v.Ð Ô&$"& ÐHollandóó,€860€S.W.2d€53,€60€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showingÐ º' #' Ðthe€impropriety€of€the€sentence€imposed.€€òòState€v.€Gregoryóó,€862€S.W.2d€574,€578€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð  (ð#( Ð1993).Ð †)Ö$) ÐÔ#†XÛMXX XÛMÌ#ÔÔ‡ XÛMXXXÛMÔÓ  Óà @ à€ò òòòTrial€Courtððs€Findingsóóó óÐ l*¼%* ÐÓ  Óà  àFollowing€the€testimony,€the€court€found€the€defendant€to€be€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender.€Ð R+¢&+ ÐThe€court€then€found€that€the€following€enhancement€factors€applied:€(1)€that€the€defendant€had€aÐ 8,ˆ', Ðprevious€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€toÐ ° Ðestablish€the€appropriate€range,€€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1);€(2)€that€the€defendant€had€aÐ –æ Ðprevious€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€inÐ |Ì Ðthe€community,€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„114(8);€and€(3)€that€the€felonies€were€committed€while€the€defendant€wasÐ b² Ðon€probation€from€a€prior€felony€conviction.€òòId.óó€ðð€40„35„114(13)(C).€€The€court€found€only€oneÐ H˜ Ðmitigating€factor,€that€the€defendant€assisted€the€authorities€in€the€apprehension€of€his€codefendant.€Ð . ~ ÐòòId.óó€ðð€40„35„113(9).€€Thus,€the€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€sixteen€years€for€each€count.Ð  d Ðà  àThe€trial€court€also€found€that€the€defendant€(1)€was€a€professional€criminal€who€hadÐ ú J Ðknowingly€devoted€his€life€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€of€livelihood,€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„115(b)(1);Ð à 0 Ð(2)€was€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€was€extensive,€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2);€(3)€wasÐ Æ   Ða€dangerous€offender,€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4);€andòòóó€(4)€was€on€probation€when€he€committed€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðoffenses€for€which€he€was€being€sentenced.€òòóó€òòId.óó€ðð€40„35„115(b)(6).€€€Accordingly,€the€court€orderedÐ ’â  Ðthe€defendant€to€serve€all€three€sentences€consecutively€to€each€other€and€to€the€eight„year€sentenceÐ xÈ  Ðfor€violating€probation.€€The€total€effective€sentence€was€fifty„six€years.€Ð ^®  ÐÌÓ  Óò òòòLength€of€Sentenceóóó óÐ *z  ÐÓ¨(ÓÓ  ÓÓ  Óà  àThe€defendant€first€contests€the€length€of€his€sixteen„year€sentences.€€The€defendant€pledÐ ` Ðguilty€to€three€counts€of€aggravated€robbery,òòóó€a€Class€B€felony.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„402(b).€Ð öF Ѐ€The€sentencing€range€for€a€Range€II€offender€convicted€of€a€Class€B€felony€is€between€twelve€andÐ Ü, Ðtwenty€years.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40-35-112(b)(2).€€The€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€for€a€Class€BÐ Â Ðfelony€is€presumptively€the€minimum€in€the€range€if€neither€enhancement€nor€mitigating€factors€areÐ ¨ø Ðpresent.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40-35-210(c).€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€the€sentence€within€the€rangeÐ ŽÞ Ðbased€upon€the€existence€of€enhancement€factors€and,€then,€reduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€forÐ tÄ Ðany€mitigating€factors.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40-35-210(e).€€The€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€theÐ Zª Ðtrial€court's€discretion€so€long€as€it€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€SentencingÐ @ ÐAct€and€its€findings€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40-35-210,€SentencingÐ &v ÐCommission€Comments;€òòState€v.€Palmeróó,€10€S.W.3d€638,€646€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€In€this€case,Ð  \ Ðthe€defendantððs€sentence€was€sixteen€years,€the€midpoint€in€the€range.Ð òB Ѐà  àThe€defendant€concedes€that€enhancement€factors€(1),€a€previous€criminal€history,€andÐ Ø( Ð(13)(C),€probationary€status€at€the€time€of€the€commission€of€the€present€offense,€apply.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ ¾ ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(13)(C).òòòòóóóó€€He€claims,€however,€that€the€court€improperly€relied€on€theÐ ¤ô Ðdefendantððs€probation€status€at€the€time€he€committed€the€instant€offenses,€rather€than€on€a€òòpreviousóóÐ Š Ú Ðunwillingness€to€comply€with€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€into€the€community,€inÐ p!À  Ðapplying€factor€(8).€€òòIdóó.€ðð€40„35„114(8)(Emphasis€added).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€While€it€is€true€that€a€ð ðpreviousÐ V"¦! Ðunwillingnessðð€may€not€be€found€based€solely€on€evidence€that€a€defendant€committed€the€instantÐ <#Œ" Ðoffense€while€on€probation,€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€175,€186€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€we€haveÐ "$r# Ðpreviously€held€ð ðthat€a€defendant€being€sentenced€for€a€series€of€offenses€committed€over€time€whileÐ %X $ Ðon€probation€could€be€viewed,€for€sentencing€for€the€most€recent€offenses,€as€having€a€provenÐ î%>!% Ðprevious€history€of€unwillingness€to€abide€by€community€release€conditions€by€virtue€of€the€earlierÐ Ô&$"& Ðoffenses€for€which€sentencing€is€to€occur.ðð€€òòId.óó€€In€this€case,€the€defendant€committed€all€threeÐ º' #' Ðrobberies€while€on€probation€in€Williamson€County.€€Thus,€the€defendantððs€probationary€status€atÐ  (ð#( Ðthe€time€he€committed€the€robberies€standing€alone,€could€only€be€used€to€enhance€the€sentences€forÐ ° Ðthe€last€two€robberies.Ð –æ Ðà  àHowever,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€also€properly€applied€enhancement€factor€(8)€as€to€theÐ |Ì Ðfirst€robbery,€because€the€record€indicates€that€the€defendant€had€previously€violated€probation€inÐ b² ÐGiles€County€before€violating€his€Williamson€County€probation.€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€theÐ H˜ Ðapplication€of€enhancement€factor€(8)€was€appropriate€in€all€three€sentences.€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,Ð . ~ Ð985€S.W.2d€9,€20€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997)(citing€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€186€as€standing€forÐ  d Ðthe€proposition€that€enhancement€based€on€factors€(8)€and€(13)€does€not€unfairly€enhance€theÐ ú J Ðdefendant's€sentence€twice€for€the€same€conduct).€€€Ð à 0 Ðà  àThe€defendant€also€complains€that€the€trial€court€should€have€considered€several€mitigatingÐ Æ   Ðfactors.€€He€first€claims€that€the€trial€court€should€have€applied€mitigating€factor€(12),€that€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðdefendant€acted€under€duress€or€under€the€domination€of€another€person.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð ’â  Ð113(12).€€As€support€for€this€factor,€the€defendant€refers€to€his€own€testimony€that€his€codefendantÐ xÈ  Ðinfluenced€his€participation€in€the€crimes.€€The€defendant€also€claims€that€the€trial€court€should€haveÐ ^®  Ðconsidered€the€defendantððs€guilty€plea€and€his€unfortunate€background€as€mitigating€factors€underÐ D”  Ðthe€ð ðcatch„allðð€provision€of€the€statute.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€Ð *z  Ðà  àWe€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€declined€to€apply€these€factors€in€mitigation.€€First,Ð ` Ðthere€was€no€evidence€that€the€defendant€was€under€anyoneððs€domination€when€he€committed€theÐ öF Ðrobberies.€€The€testimony€at€the€sentencing€hearing€indicated€that€the€defendant€voluntarilyÐ Ü, Ðparticipated€in€the€crimes;€indeed,€the€defendant€stated€that€he€took€responsibility€for€his€decisionÐ Â Ðto€rob€the€stores.€€Furthermore,€a€guilty€plea€does€not€automatically€entitle€a€defendant€to€mitigation.€Ð ¨ø ÐThe€trial€court€is€in€a€much€better€position€than€this€Court€to€determine€whether,€given€all€of€theÐ ŽÞ Ðcircumstances,€a€decision€to€plead€guilty€instead€of€proceed€to€trial€should€be€considered€mitigating.€Ð tÄ ÐFinally,€although€the€defendant€had€a€history€of€drug€use,€was€raised€in€a€single€parent€home€and€wasÐ Zª Ðinvolved€in€gangs,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€properly€exercised€its€discretion€when€it€declined€toÐ @ Ðfind€the€defendantððs€background€mitigating.€€In€short,€we€find€the€trial€courtððs€sentences€of€sixteenÐ &v Ðyears€for€each€aggravated€burglary€appropriate.Ð  \ ÐThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ð òB ÐÌò òòòÓ)ÓÓ  ÓConsecutive€Sentencesóóó ó€€€€€€€€Ð ¾ ÐÓ©AÓÓ  Ó€à  àNext,€the€defendant€challenges€the€trial€court's€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences.€Ð ¤ô ÐSpecifically,€he€argues€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€determined€that€he€was€a€professionalÐ Š Ú Ðcriminal,€that€he€was€a€dangerous€offender€and€that€he€had€an€extensive€criminal€history€whichÐ p!À  Ðwould€warrant€consecutive€sentences.€€See€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40-35-115(b)(1),€(2),€(4).Ð V"¦! Ðà  àConsecutive€sentencing€is€governed€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40-35-115.€€A€trial€court€mayÐ <#Œ" Ðorder€sentences€to€run€consecutively€if€it€finds€that€one€or€more€of€the€statutory€criteria€exists€by€aÐ "$r# Ðpreponderance€of€the€evidence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40-35-115(b);€òòState€v.€Blackóó,€924€S.W.2d€912,Ð %X $ Ð917€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40-35-115(b)(6),€a€trial€court€may€imposeÐ î%>!% Ðconsecutive€sentences€after€determining€that€the€defendant€committed€the€offenses€while€onÐ Ô&$"& Ðprobation€for€another€offense.€€It€is€undisputed€that€the€defendant€committed€the€present€offensesÐ º' #' Ðwhile€he€was€on€probation.€€Thus,€because€the€trial€court€need€only€find€one€of€the€statutory€criteriaÐ  (ð#( Ðâ âto€exist€to€justify€consecutive€sentencing,€the€trial€court's€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€wasÐ †)Ö$) Ðclearly€proper€in€this€case.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ð ° Ðâ âà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.Ô#†XÛMXX XÛM‡ #ÔÐ –æ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à__________________________________Ð . ~ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€Ô_ÔJUDGEÔ_Ô