ÿWPCœ …# VUNa %¯ 0(µU:Ýw@ 4W k z 0§‚ 0D) U:m 0J§ 0Tñ 0^E 0h£ 0r 0|} 0†ù 0 1u 0d„ BèU>U*CB)mDC– AMÙ &v~3 D3±vÓä 0@· AO÷ÆF 0D  D/P B˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLüÏ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial Regular <Ke=U>V?D@UAUBC[DDEÓ€³†;$3|xN(W(2O$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X;XXXÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó, øð AZ"Arial Regular2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÔ€$ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌJune€19,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'h""""'ÿÿdxdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÒ  ellan Geneva Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÓÓÔ€$ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑòòÔ  Ô›Ñ7€;XXdðdÈ7ќـ€ÙßR€'(&A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEóóÌà@ àFEBRUARY€1998€SESSIONÌÌÓÓœÌSTATE›€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à àC.C.A.€No.€01C01„9612„CR„00531Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àAppellee,à àà à*à àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHonorable€Seth€Norman,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àÌSIDNEY€M.€EWING,à à€à à*à à(Felony€murder;€Attempted€especiallyÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€aggravated€robbery;€Assault)Ìà àà àAppellant.à àà à*ÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:òòà àà àà àà àFor€Appelleeóó:ÌÌJohn€B.€Blair,€œIII›à àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌ176€Second€Avenue€North€à àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌSuite€406ÌNashville,€TN€€37201à àà àà àLisa€A.€NaylorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCordell€Hull€Building,€Second€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àKimberly€HaasÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€Square,€Suite€500€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à222€Second€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37201„1649ÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:__________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÇÓÓà@ àòòOPINIONóóÌà àà àThe€defendant,€Sidney€M.€Ewing,€was€convicted€of€the€felony€murderÏand€attempted€especially€aggravated€robbery€of€James€Mayberry€and€the€simpleÏassault€of€Gary€Frye.€€The€jury€returned€a€sentence€of€life€without€parole€for€theÏfelony€murder.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€Range€I,€twelve„year€sentence€for€theÏattempted€especially€aggravated€robbery€conviction€and€an€eleven„month,€twenty„nine„day€sentence€for€the€simple€assault€conviction.€€All€sentences€are€to€be€servedÏconcurrently.€ÌÌà àà àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€presents€the€following€issues€forÏour€review:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€theÏconviction;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€whether€the€state€suppressed€òòBradyóó€material;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€Gary€DavidÏFrye€to€testify;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)€€whether€during€closing€argument€the€prosecutorÏimproperly€used€religious€references€and€"crocodileÏtears";€andÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)€€whether€the€state€withheld€òòJencksóó€material.ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àWe€find€no€error€and€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àGary€David€Frye€had€lived€at€the€business€location€of€Doris€SalvageÏand€worked€for€the€victim,€James€Mayberry.€€Frye,€an€alcoholic,€testified€that€theÏvictim€routinely€dealt€in€cash€in€the€conduct€of€his€business€and€engaged€in€largeÏtransactions€on€Fridays€and€Mondays.€€He€was€aware€that€the€victim€often€carried€aÏchrome„plated€.38€caliber€Smith€and€Wesson€in€his€right€front€pocket€for€protection.€ÏAt€trial,€Frye€recalled€that€on€January€23,€1995,€a€Monday,€he€and€the€victim€sold€aÏload€of€scrap€metal€for€seven€hundred€dollars.€€Payment€was€tendered€by€checkÏand€they€stopped€by€the€bank€before€returning€to€their€business€location.€€Later€thatÏafternoon,€Frye€saw€the€victim€with€an€amount€of€cash.€€Frye€and€the€victim€closedÏthe€store€and€padlocked€the€front€entrance€at€about€4:00€P.M.€€Charles€Terpstra,Ïalso€an€employee€at€the€business,€joined€them€for€dinner€in€an€apartment€locatedÏat€the€business€site.€€Frye€acknowledged€that€he€and€Terpstra€consumed€severalÏbeers€that€evening€but€denied€being€intoxicated.ÌÌà àà àBetween€5:00€and€5:30€P.M.,€the€defendant€stopped€by€to€pawn€aÏleather€jacket.€€When€the€victim€refused,€the€defendant€took€a€seat€on€the€couchÏand€watched€television€with€the€others,€explaining€that€he€wanted€to€use€theÏtelephone.€€Terpstra€left€between€6:30€and€7:00€P.M.€€Frye,€who€had€dozed€off€inÍhis€chair,€recalled€being€awakened€suddenly€by€the€victim's€screams.€€Frye€testifiedÏthat€he€was€sitting€less€than€six€feet€from€the€victim€when€he€saw€the€defendant€pinÏthe€victim€in€the€chair€and€hold€a€shiny€object,€possibly€a€screwdriver,€to€his€neck.€ÏWhen€Frye€attempted€to€assist€the€victim,€he€was€struck€by€the€defendant€in€the€leftÏshoulder.€€Frye€remembered€that€he€buckled€under€the€force€of€the€blow€and€thatÏthe€victim€fell€on€him.€€Frye€recalled€feeling€the€pain€of€the€victim's€kneecap€in€hisÏback€and€heard€the€following€exchange€between€the€defendant€and€the€victim:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àVictim:à àWhat€do€you€want?Ìà àà8 àDefendant:à àI€want€your€money.Ìà8 àà8 àVictim:à àLet€me€up,€and€I'll€give€it€to€you.Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à àIs€that€all€of€it?Ìà8 àà8 àVictim:à àOh,€Lord,€I€see€the€trees€a'coming.€ÓÓÌFrye€described€the€victim's€voice€as€full€of€dread.€€He€then€heard€two€shots,€"pop,Ïpop."€€When€the€defendant€left,€Frye€called€for€help.€€He€claimed€that€the€911Ïoperator€told€him€to€hang€up€and€call€the€regular€operator,€which€he€did.€€HeÏtestified€that€he€had€known€the€victim€had€been€shot€because€he€was€not€movingÏand€his€head€was€surrounded€by€blood.€€Frye€stated€that€he€did€not€realize€at€theÏtime€that€he€had€also€been€shot.€€When€Terpstra€returned€to€the€shop€shortlyÏthereafter,€Frye€told€him€not€to€come€into€the€room.€€Frye€accompanied€police€to€theÏstation€to€give€a€statement€when€an€officer€noticed€that€Frye€had€been€shot€in€hisÏback€left€shoulder€and€had€a€wound€on€the€top€of€that€shoulder.€€After€the€death€ofÍthe€victim,€Frye€lived€on€the€streets.€€About€two€weeks€before€trial,€he€entered€a€de„tox€program€at€a€Nashville€hospital.ÌÌà àà àFrye€denied€that€he€passed€out€rather€than€dozed€off€on€the€night€inÏquestion.€€He€also€denied€that€his€level€of€intoxication€prevented€him€from€realizingÏhe€had€been€shot.€€He€did€admit€that€he€was€not€wearing€his€prescriptionÏeyeglasses€the€night€of€the€shooting€but€explained€that€he€could€see€adequately€forÏa€distance€of€three€to€six€feet€and€had€good€hearing.€€ÌÌà àà àCharles€Speight,€an€emergency€medical€technician€with€the€MetroÏFire€Department,€responded€to€the€call.€€Because€the€victim€had€fallen€up€againstÏthe€door,€he€had€difficulty€entering€the€building.€€At€trial,€Speight€testified€that€heÏhad€to€pull€the€victim€away€from€the€door€and€turn€him€over€to€check€his€vital€signs.€ÏHe€recalled€that€the€victim,€who€had€been€shot€in€the€back€of€the€head,€hadÏexperienced€a€"devastating€injury"€and€could€not€be€revived.€€Speight€noticedÏabrasions€on€the€body€which€may€have€resulted€from€a€struggle€and€observed€aÏburn€to€the€chest€which€could€have€been€caused€by€a€hot€barrel€of€a€recently„firedÏgun.€ÌÌà àà àHomicide€Detective€Tim€Mason,€who€assisted€in€the€investigation€ofÏthe€victim's€death,€spoke€with€the€victim€Frye€on€the€night€of€the€murder.€€He€did€notÏsmell€any€alcohol€during€their€discussions€and€did€not€believe€that€Frye€wasÏintoxicated.€€When€he€had€noticed€blood€on€Frye,€he€asked€him€to€remove€his€shirt.€ÏDetective€Mason€then€observed€an€entrance€wound€on€his€back€and€an€exit€woundÏon€his€front.€€He€saw€other€abrasions€on€his€back.€€He€asked€Frye€if€he€was€in€painÏand€then€informed€him€that€he€had€been€shot.€€Frye€was€then€taken€to€the€hospital.€€ÌÌà àà àOfficer€Raymond€Rader,€Jr.€collected€two€bullets,€a€brown€leatherÏjacket,€a€blue€jean€jacket€and€a€screwdriver€from€the€crime€scene.€€He€found€oneÏhundred€dollars€in€cash€in€the€victim's€pocket€and€two€knives€underneath€a€couchÏcushion.ÌÌà àà àDetective€Al€Gray€testified€that€he€had€interviewed€Frye,€Terpstra€andÏDoris€Salvage€employee€Jackie€Hill,€another€employee€of€the€victim.€€He€broughtÏthe€defendant€into€custody€and€recorded€his€statement.€€€In€the€tape€recordedÏstatement,€the€defendant€told€Detective€Gray€that€he€had€stopped€by€Doris€SalvageÏto€sell€the€victim€a€jacket€but€the€victim€had€refused.€€He€claimed€that€the€victim€thenÏused€racial€slurs€and€they€had€argued.€€The€defendant€contended€that€the€victimÏtook€a€gun€from€his€pocket€and€the€two€men€then€wrestled€over€the€gun.€€HeÍclaimed€that€Frye€attempted€to€intervene€and€was€knocked€down;€at€that€point,€theÏvictim€fell€and€the€gun€discharged.€€The€defendant€denied€having€a€weapon€andÏdenied€taking€any€cash€from€the€victim.€€After€the€shooting,€the€defendant€claimedÏthat€he€walked€to€the€projects,€leaving€his€coat€behind,€and€told€no€one€about€theÏshooting.€ÌÌà àà àDuring€the€interview,€Detective€Clifford€Douglas€asked€the€defendantÏto€clarify€the€struggle€that€led€to€the€shooting:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 à[Y]ou€said€...€he€managed€to€get€shot,Ïexplain€that.Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 à[H]e€was€falling€back,€he€fell€right.€€So€I€letÏgo€of€his€hand€...€[a]nd€then€he€tripped.€ÏAnd€I€guess€that's€when€it€went€off.Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 àNow,€you€probably€don't€know€theÏdimension€on€where€he€was€shot€at,€we€do,Ïokay.€€And,€you€going€to€have€to€come€upÏwith€a€better€angle€on€his€falling€back€likeÏthat€....Ìà@ à***Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:€à0 àSo€did€you€have€your€hand€on€the€gun€inÏany€way?Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àOn€his€wrist.Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 àOkay,€and€ya'll€were€just€„„€just€wrestlingÏover€the€gun?Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àWell,€I€really€can't€show€you€with€myÏhandcuffs;€but€anyway€kind€of€went€upwardÏlike€this€here€way€...€and€laid€his€hands€upÏlike€this€when€the€gun€kind€of€went€off.Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 àOkay.€You['re]€saying€his€gun€was€raisedÏup€by€his€neck?Ìà@ à***Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 à[H]ow€many€times€did€the€gun€go€off?Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àOnce.Ìà@ à***Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 à[Y]ou€need€to€really€think€about€exactlyÏhow€ya'll€wrestling.€€Because€it's€going€toÏbe€some€kind€of€discrepancy€on€where€heÏwas€shot€at€and€how€he€was€shotÏcompared€to€how€you€say€ya'll€wereÏwrestling.€...Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 à[H]is€hands€was€up€like€this€here€....Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 à[Y]ou€got€your€hands€behind€your€head.Ìà@ à***Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 àYou€need€to€kind€of€get€that€together€causeÏit€ain't€going€to€match€up.Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àCan€you€turn€it€off€for€a€minute.Ìà@ à***Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 à[W]e€discussed€some€discrepancies€in€theÏevidence€that€we€found€at€the€scene€andÏwhat€you€was€telling€us,€and€you€wanted€toÏclear€this€up.€€So€go€ahead€and€clear€thatÏspot€up€for€us.Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àOkay,€what€happened€me€and€[the€victim]Ïwas€scuffling.€€So€I€happened€to€snatch€theÏgun€away€from€him;€and,€when€I€snatched€itÏaway€from€him,€the€gun€went€off.Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 àAnd€where€you€think€it€hit€him?Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àSomewhere€up€in€the€shoulder€....Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 àIn€the€front€or€the€back?Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àIn€the€back.Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 àThen€[the€victim]€fell?Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àHe€fell€on,€yeah.€...€He€fell€over€on€the€otherÏguy.€...€I€threw€[the€gun]€over€on€the€couch,Ïand€I€went€on€out€the€door.Ìà@ à***Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 àDid€[the€victim]€fire€at€you€from€theÏ(inaudible)?Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àWell,€when€he€first€pulled€[the€gun]€out€...€itÏwent€off.€...€About€the€time€he€come€out€withÏthe€pistol,€BLAM.€€That's€when€I€knew€heÏmeant€business.€Ìà@ à***Ìà8 àà8 àDetective:à0 à[Y]ou€sure€it€was€just€one€shot€you€fired?Ìà8 àà8 àDefendant:à0 àThat's€all.ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àDetective€Gray€acknowledged€that€he€had€no€direct€proof€that€theÏdefendant€had€taken€any€money€from€the€victim€although€some€cash€plainlyÏprotruded€from€the€victim's€pocket.€€He€testified€that€he€had€obtained€warrants€forÏcriminal€homicide€and€aggravated€assault€and€had€not€obtained€a€warrant€forÏattempted€robbery€even€though€he€could€have€done€so€based€upon€the€results€ofÏhis€investigation.€€He€stated€that€there€was€no€evidence€that€the€defendant€wasÏarmed€when€he€arrived€at€Doris€Salvage.ÌÌà àà àDetective€Douglas€testified€that€he€thought€the€defendant€had€initiallyÏdenied€ever€touching€the€gun,€asserting€that€the€victim€had€shot€himself.€€HeÏrecalled€that€the€defendant€later€admitted€that€he€had€snatched€the€gun€from€theÏvictim€and,€at€that€time,€the€gun€had€discharged.€€€ÌÌà àà àDr.€Jessie€Giles€the€forensic€pathologist€who€performed€the€autopsyÏtestified€that€the€bullet€entered€the€back€of€the€victim's€neck€just€below€the€base€ofÏthe€skull,€passed€through€his€spinal€column,€and€exited€under€the€chin.€€The€bulletÏtraveled€slightly€to€the€left€and€downward,€inflicting€a€fatal€wound.€€The€victimÏsuffered€additional€wounds,€including€a€burn€to€his€chest€and€a€laceration€of€the€leftÏabdomen.€€There€were€small€cuts€and€scrapes€around€the€victim's€nose€and€eyesÏwhich€could€have€been€caused€by€a€punch,€kick€or€fall.€€Dr.€Giles€testified€that€heÏfound€no€injuries€to€the€victim's€hands.ÌÌà àà àOn€this€proof,€the€jury€returned€verdicts€of€guilt€to€felony€murder,Ïattempted€especially€aggravated€robbery€of€the€victim€and€simple€assault€of€Frye.€ÏAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€state€presented€proof€that€the€defendant€had€a€1980Ïconviction€for€second€degree€murder€and€then€called€family€members€to€testify.€ÏJoAnna€Anderson,€the€victim's€daughter,€recalled€her€father€as€a€loving€and€caringÏperson€who€helped€others.€€She€described€the€death€of€her€father€as€devastatingÏand€that€the€incident€had€changed€her€as€a€person.€€She€testified€to€feeling€fearÏand€loss€and€explained€that,€since€the€murder€of€the€victim,€her€children€have€hadÏdifficulty€sleeping€and€dealing€with€their€emotions.€€Ms.€Anderson€testified€thatÏwhen€she€found€out€the€defendant€had€a€previous€conviction€for€second€degreeÏmurder,€she€was€angry€and€upset€that€the€justice€system€was€not€working.€€Eighty„six„year„old€Ernestine€Mayberry€described€the€victim€as€a€thoughtful€and€goodÏperson.€€She€testified€that€his€death€œhad€had›€a€negative€effect€on€her.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€testified€at€the€sentencing€hearing€that€he€felt€theÏvictim's€death€was€justifiable€because€the€victim€had€threatened€him€with€deadlyÏforce.€€The€defendant€maintained€that€he€had€felt€that€his€life€was€in€danger.€€HeÏasserted€that€he€had€never€tried€to€rob€the€victim.€ÌÌà àà àThe€jury€found€that€the€defendant€had€been€previously€convicted€ofÏone€or€more€felonies€involving€violence€to€a€person€and€that€the€murder€wasÏcommitted€for€the€purpose€of€avoiding€arrest€or€prosecution.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„204(i)(2),€(6).€€The€jury€unanimously€sentenced€the€defendant€to€life€withoutÏthe€possibility€of€parole.€€ÌÌà@ àIÌà àà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€supportÏthe€verdict€for€felony€murder€and€attempted€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€HeÏdoes€not€contest€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€for€the€simple€assault€conviction.ÌÌà àà à€€On€appeal,€of€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÏview€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawnÏtherefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€ofÏthe€witnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€ofÏconflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€jury€as€trier€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,Ï575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€reviewing€theÏevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.ÏWilliamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€ÌÌà àà àAt€the€time€of€the€offense,€felony€murder€was€defined€under€the€1989ÏAct€as€"a€reckless€killing€of€another€committed€in€the€perpetration€of,€or€attempt€toÏperpetrate€any€first€degree€murder,€arson,€rape,€robbery,€burglary,€theft,€kidnappingÏor€aircraft€piracy."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(2)€(Supp.€1994).€€To€sustain€aÏconviction€for€felony€murder,€"the€killing€must€have€been€in€pursuance€of,€ratherÏthan€collateral€to€the€unlawful€act€described€by€the€statute."€€òòState€v.€Seversóó,€759ÏS.W.2d€935,€938€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€The€death€of€the€victim€must€have€hadÏ"an€intimate€relation€and€close€connection€with€the€felony,€...€and€not€be€separate,Ídistinct,€and€independent€from€it€...."€€òòState€v.€Farmeróó,€296€S.W.2d€879,€883€(Tenn.Ï1956).€€ÌÌà àà àRobbery€is€defined€as€"the€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€propertyÏfrom€the€person€of€another€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear."€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„13„401(a).€€Especially€aggravated€robbery€is€robbery€"[a]ccomplishedÏwith€a€deadly€weapon;€and€...€[w]here€the€victim€suffers€serious€bodily€injury."€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„403(a).€€A€person€commits€criminal€attempt€who,€"acting€withÏthe€kind€of€culpability€otherwise€required€for€the€offense:€...€[a]cts€with€intent€toÏcomplete€a€course€of€action€or€cause€a€result€that€would€constitute€the€offense,Ïunder€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€as€the€person€believes€them€toÏbe,€and€the€conduct€constitutes€as€substantial€step€toward€the€commission€of€theÏoffense."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101(a)(3).€€ÌÌà àà àThe€mental€state€of€intentional€is€satisfied€"when€it€is€the€person'sÏconscious€objective€...€to€engage€in€the€conduct€or€cause€the€result."€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„11„302(a).€€A€person€acts€knowingly€"when€the€person€is€aware€that€theÏconduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„302(b).€€One€is€reckless€"when€the€person€is€aware€of€but€consciously€disregards€aÏsubstantial€and€unjustifiable€risk€[and€to€do€so]€constitutes€a€gross€deviation€fromÍthe€standard€of€care€that€an€ordinary€person€would€exercise€...."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„11„302(c).ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€argues€that€Frye's€testimony€is€not€credible€to€establishÏattempted€especially€aggravated€robbery€and,€therefore,€both€the€felony€murderÏconviction€and€the€robbery€conviction€must€be€reversed.€€The€defendant€contendsÏthat€no€reasonable€juror€could€have€found€the€testimony€of€Frye,€an€alcoholic€withÏpoor€œeyesight,›€to€be€reliable.€€The€defendant€points€out€contradictions€in€Frye'sÏtestimony€and€asserts€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€that€the€defendant€used€aÏdeadly€weapon.€ÌÌà àà àIn€our€assessment,€the€proof€is€adequate.€€Frye€testified€that€theÏdefendant,€using€what€appeared€to€be€a€screwdriver,€threatened€the€victim.€€HeÏheard€the€defendant€demand€of€the€victim,€"I€want€your€money."€€He€rememberedÏthat€the€victim€offered€to€comply.€€Then€Frye€heard€the€defendant€ask,€"Is€that€all€ofÏit?"€€Just€before€Frye€heard€two€shots€fired,€the€victim,€with€a€voice€full€of€dread,Ïsaid,€"Oh,€Lord,€I€see€the€trees€a'coming."€ÌÌà àà àAlthough€the€state€did€not€prove€that€the€defendant€actually€took€cashÏfrom€the€victim,€the€evidence,€as€accredited€by€the€jury,€established€that€theÍdefendant€attempted€to€take€the€victim's€cash€by€force,€using€a€screwdriver.€€AÏscrewdriver€may€be€considered€a€deadly€weapon.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(5)(B).€€Demanding€money€and€holding€a€weapon€to€the€victim's€throat€areÏsubstantial€steps€toward€completion€of€the€offense.€€During€the€robbery€attempt,€theÏvictim€sustained€serious€bodily€injury.€€He€was€shot€in€the€back€of€his€neck€andÏsustained€other€abrasions€and€a€burn.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(34)Ï(1997).€€The€defendant's€words€suggest€that€his€acts€were€intentional€or€knowing.€ÏAfter€demanding€money,€the€defendant€fired€two€shots€in€quick€succession€and€theÏdefendant€fled.€€The€bullet€fatally€wounded€the€victim€cutting€a€path€from€the€back€ofÏhis€neck€through€his€spinal€cord.€€When€firing€the€gun,€the€culpability€of€theÏdefendant€was€at€the€very€least€reckless.ÌÌà àà àAs€for€the€credibility€of€Frye,€it€was€the€prerogative€of€the€jury€toÏdetermine€whether€his€testimony€was€truthful.€€This€court€neither€reweighs€norÏreevaluates€the€proof.€€The€verdict€of€guilt€accredits€the€proof€offered€by€the€state,Ïincluding€Frye's€recollection€of€the€offenses.€€In€our€view,€a€rational€trier€of€factÏcould€have€found€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€toÏsupport€the€convictions€of€first€degree€murder€during€the€commission€of€a€felonyÏand€attempted€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€òòSeeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307€œ(1979).Ç›à@ àIIÌà àà àThe€defendant€next€argues€that€the€state€suppressed€favorableÏmaterial€in€violation€of€òòBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963),€and€thereby€deniedÏthe€defendant€a€fair€trial.€€The€state€contends€that€because€the€information€wasÏdisclosed€during€trial,€no€prejudice€to€the€defendant€resulted.ÌÌà àà àIn€the€landmark€case€of€òòBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€the€United€StatesÏSupreme€Court€ruled€that€the€prosecutor€has€a€duty€to€furnish€exculpatory€evidenceÏto€the€defendant.€€373€U.S.€at€87.€€Exculpatory€evidence€may€pertain€to€the€guilt€orÏinnocence€of€the€accused€and/or€the€punishment€which€may€be€imposed€if€theÏaccused€is€convicted€of€the€crime.€€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€845€S.W.2d€228€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1992).€€The€Supreme€Court€in€òòBradyóó€reasoned€that€a€fair€trial€and€a€just€resultÏcould€not€be€obtained€when,€at€the€time€of€trial,€the€prosecution€suppressedÏinformation€favorable€to€the€accused.€€òòBradyóó,€373€U.S.€at€87„88.€ÌÌà àà àAny€"suppression€by€the€prosecution€of€evidence€favorable€to€anÏaccused€upon€request€violates€due€process€where€the€evidence€is€material€eitherÏto€guilt€or€punishment,€irrespective€of€the€good€faith€or€bad€faith€of€the€prosecution."€ÏòòBradyóó,€373€U.S.€at€87.€€This€duty€to€disclose€extends€to€all€favorable€informationÏirrespective€of€whether€the€evidence€is€admissible.€€òòBranch€v.€Stateóó,€469€S.W.2dÍ533€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1969).€€Information€useful€for€impeaching€a€witness€isÏconsidered€favorable€information€that€the€prosecutor€may€not€withhold.€€òòGiglio€v.ÏUnited€Statesóó,€405€U.S.€150€(1972).€€And,€while€òòBradyóó€does€not€require€the€state€toÏinvestigate€for€the€defendant,€it€does€burden€the€prosecution€with€the€responsibilityÏof€disclosing€statements€of€witnesses€favorable€to€the€defense.€€òòState€v.€Reynoldsóó,Ï671€S.W.2d€854,€856€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984).€€The€duty€does€not€extend€toÏinformation€that€the€defense€already€possesses€or€is€able€to€obtain€or€to€informationÏnot€in€the€possession€or€control€of€the€prosecution.€€òòBanks€v.€Stateóó,€556€S.W.2d€88,Ï90€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977).ÌÌà àà àBefore€this€court€may€find€a€due€process€violation€under€òòBradyóó,€theÏfollowing€elements€must€be€established:ÌÒ ä ÒÒ  ÒÓÓ1.à àThe€defendant€must€have€requested€theÏinformation€(unless€the€evidence€is€obviouslyÏexculpatory,€in€which€case€the€State€is€bound€to€releaseÏthe€information€whether€requested€or€not);ÌÌ2.à à[t]he€State€must€have€suppressed€the€information;ÌÌ3.€à à[t]he€information€must€have€been€favorable€to€theÏaccused;€andÌÌ4.à à[t]he€information€must€have€been€material.ÌÌÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÓÓòòState€v.€Edginóó,€902€S.W.2d€387,€390€(Tenn.€1995)€(as€amended€on€rehearing).ÌÌà àà àIn€òòEdginóó,€our€supreme€court€adopted€the€following€standard€forÏmateriality:ÌÒ ä ÒÒ  ÒÓÓ[T]here€is€constitutional€error€"if€there€is€a€reasonableÏprobability€that,€had€the€evidence€been€disclosed€to€theÏdefense,€the€result€of€the€proceeding€would€have€beenÏdifferent."€...€"[T]he€touchstone€of€materiality€is€aÏ'reasonable€probability'€of€a€different€result,€and€theÏadjective€is€important.€€The€question€is€not€whether€theÏdefendant€would€more€likely€than€not€have€received€aÏdifferent€verdict€with€the€evidence,€but€whether€in€itsÏabsence€he€received€a€fair€trial,€understood€as€a€trialÏresulting€in€a€verdict€worthy€of€confidence.€€AÏ'reasonable€probability'€of€a€different€result€isÏaccordingly€shown€when€the€government's€evidentiaryÏsuppression€'undermines€confidence€in€the€outcome€ofÏthe€trial.'"ÌÌÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÓÓòòEdginóó,€902€S.W.2d€at€390„91€(quoting€òòKyles€v.€Whitleyóó,€115€S.€Ct.€1555,€1566Ï(1995)).ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€maintains€that€he€filed€a€motion€for€discovery€in€whichÏhe€made€a€special€request€for€"favorable€information,"€including€interview€reports€orÏmemoranda€which€might€contradict€the€evidence€the€state€anticipated€presenting€atÏtrial.€€The€discovery€motion€is€not€included€in€the€technical€record.€€ÌÌà àà àAt€trial,€following€the€testimony€of€Detective€Porter,€defense€counselÏrequested€òòJencksóó€material€and€the€state€provided€the€trial€court€with€theÏinvestigatory€notes€made€during€interviews€for€an€in€camera€review.€€At€theÏconclusion€of€a€jury€out€hearing,€the€court€found€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àIn€reviewing€this,€there€are€two€pieces€of€it€...€seems€toÏme€may€be€Brady.€€[The€victim]€was€shot€in€the€back€ofÏthe€head€....€According€to€the€[summary€statement€ofÏFrye]€by€Detective€Porter,€[the€victim]€was€laying€face€upÏat€the€time€he€was€shot.€...€First€of€all,€there's€...€nothing€inÏthere€that,€"I€see€the€trees€coming,"€or€"Give€me€yourÏmoney,"€"If€you€let€me€get€up,€I'll€get€the€money,"€...€[TheÏsummary]€says€(reading):Ìà8 àà8 àà8 àThe€victim,€holding€a€knife€to€his€throat€wasÏsaying,€"Where's€the€money?"€€Mr.€FryeÏstates€he€attempted€to€assist€the€victim€andÏthe€suspect€hit€him,€knocking€him€to€theÏfloor.€€As€Frye€was€lying€on€his€stomach€...Ìà8 àà8 àThe€witness,€he's€laying€face€down€on€the€floor.€€And€theÏvictim€ends€up€lying€on€top€of€him.€€And€then€inÏparenthesis,€Frye€(reading):Ìà8 àà8 àà8 àAnd€the€victim€is€face€up.€€Mr.€Frye€statesÏthat€he€heard€two€shots€and€the€suspectÏran€out€the€door.Ìà8 àà8 àAnd€based€on€this,€the€victim€is€laying€face€up€when€heÏwas€shot.€...€òòI€think€the€Defendant€is€entitled€to€thatÏbecause€I€think€that€is€potentially€exculpatory€becauseÏhis€testimony€doesn't€seem€consistent€with€what€the€restÏof€the€evidence€is€going€to€showóó.€...€[T]he€State€shouldÏhave€voluntarily€turned€this€over€to€the€defendant€a€longÏtime€ago€because€òòif€it's€the€State's€theory€...€that€[theÏvictim]€was€shot€in€the€back€of€the€head,€and€the€StateÏhas€information€that€[the€victim]€was€lying€face€up€whenÍhe€was€shot,€the€only€way€he€could€have€been€shotÏwould€have€been€by€the€individual€underneath€himóó.€...Ìà@ à***Ìà8 àà8 àThe€other€thing€that€I€believe€is€exculpatory€is€theÏstatement€taken€by€Detective€Gray€from€Mr.€AnthonyÏLove€where€he€says€(reading):Ìà8 àà8 àà8 àLove€said€he€saw€[the€defendant]€drivingÏthe€victim's€truck.€€And€according€to€theÏvictim,€[the€defendant€did]€not€return€theÏvictim's€truck€until€the€next€day.€€Love€saidÏthe€victim€was€irritated€with€[the€defendant]Ïfor€that.Ìà@ à***Ìà8 àà8 à[W]hen€a€self„defense€issue€is€raised,€and€there€isÏindications,€right€or€wrong,€during€the€investigatingÏstage,€that€the€victim€may,€for€whatever€reason,Ïaccording€to€this,€misappropriating€his€truck€or€whatever,Ïbe€upset€with€the€Defendant,€I€submit€œthat€that›'s€possiblyÏexculpatory€evidence.€ÌÌÓÓ(Emphasis€added).ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€provided€the€defendant€with€portions€of€the€detectives'Ïnotes€that€were€found€to€be€potentially€exculpatory.€€The€notes€are€not€included€inÏthe€record.€€Only€the€court's€recitation€of€those€notes€indicate€their€contents.€€TheÏtrial€court€further€found€that€the€state€had€not€intentionally€withheld€the€evidenceÏand€that€there€was€no€prejudice€to€the€defendant.€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€contends€that€failure€of€the€state€to€disclose€thisÏevidence€prior€to€trial€warrants€the€remedy€of€a€new€trial.€€The€state€argues€that€theÏinformation€was€not€material€or€exculpatory€and,€because€it€was€disclosed€duringÏtrial,€the€defendant€was€not€prejudiced.€€The€state€relies€on€òòState€v.€Jim€Inmanóó,ÏC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9201„CR„00020€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€Nov.€23,€1993),Ïòòapp.€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1994).€ÌÌà àà àIn€òòInmanóó,€Michael€Buzi€was€murdered€and€Albert€Tizov€was€severelyÏbeaten€during€a€jewelry€sale€in€Inman's€home.€€Tizov€provided€the€state€with€aÏwritten€statement€and€a€tape„recorded€statement€which€was€transcribed.€€The€stateÏdid€not€disclose€the€transcript€or€the€written€statement€of€Tizov€to€the€defense€untilÏafter€the€state's€direct€examination€of€Tizov.€€Inman€argued€on€appeal€that€theÏtranscript€contained€òòBradyóó€material.€€This€court€held€that€in€terms€of€prejudice,€theÏstatements€in€the€transcript€were€"inconsequential,€given€the€remaining€proof."€ÏòòInmanóó,€slip€op.€at€19.€€The€panel€ruled€that€"If€previously€undisclosed€evidence€isÏdisclosed€during€trial,€then€no€òòBradyóó€violation€occurs€unless€prejudice€results€fromÏthe€delayed€disclosure."€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòUnited€States€v.€Woodóó,€806€F.2d€658,€665€(6thÏCir.€1986)).€€Delayed€disclosure€results€in€prejudice€to€the€defendant€and€may€denyÏthe€defendant€due€process€when€it€is€"too€late€for€the€defendant€to€make€use€of€anyÏbenefits€of€the€evidence."€€òòNassar€v.€Sisselóó,€792€F.2d€119,€121€(8th€Cir.€1986).€€ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€trial€court€provided€the€evidence€to€the€defendant€on€the€firstÏday€of€trial€before€conclusion€of€the€recross„examination€of€Frye.€€The€defendantÏdid€not€request€a€continuance€or€recall€Frye,€who€was€still€under€subpoena,€duringÏthe€remainder€of€the€trial€or€sentencing€hearing.€€Thus€the€defendant€had€ampleÏopportunity€to€use€the€evidence€in€question€during€trial.ÌÌà àà àThe€witness€Love€was€equally€available€to€the€defendant€and€to€theÏstate.€€His€name€and€address€were€included€on€the€indictment.€€He€lived€next€doorÏto€the€defendant's€grandmother.€€Yet,€after€the€state's€direct€examination€of€Love,Ïthe€defendant€chose€not€to€cross„examine.€€Nor€did€defense€counsel€attempt€toÏelicit€Love's€testimony€that€the€victim€was€mad€at€the€defendant€over€the€misuse€ofÏhis€truck,€which€possibly€could€have€furnished€some€support€to€the€defendant'sÏclaim€of€self„defense.€€In€our€view,€the€defendant€was€not€prejudiced€by€the€delayedÏdisclosure.€€The€defendant€would€not€be€entitled€to€a€new€trial€on€this€ground.ÌÌà@ àIIIÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€maintains€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowingÏFrye€to€testify€because€the€state€disregarded€its€continuing€duty€to€discloseÏdiscoverable€information€under€Rule€16(c),€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€€The€state€includedÍFrye's€name€and€last€known€address€on€the€indictment.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„17„106.€€Although€defense€counsel€made€a€concerted€effort€to€locate€andÏinterview€Frye,€he€was€unable€to€do€so.€€The€state€responds€that€after€the€victim'sÏdeath,€Frye€became€homeless€and€had€no€address.€€The€prosecutor€asserted€thatÏshe€promptly€informed€defense€counsel€of€Frye's€location€at€a€Nashville€hospitalÏseveral€days€before€trial.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€heard€the€arguments€of€counsel€at€the€motion€in€limine.€ÏFrye€testified€that€he€was€an€eyewitness€to€the€murder€of€the€victim€and€that,Ïalthough€he€was€a€resident€of€Nashville,€he€had€no€address.€€He€slept€on€docks€orÏin€old€junk€cars.€€He€did€not€keep€the€District€Attorney's€office€advised€of€his€locationÏand€admitted€that€he€would€be€a€difficult€person€to€locate.€€Frye€testified€that€at€theÏtime€of€trial€he€lived€at€Meharry€Hospital€in€a€de„tox€unit.€€He€specifically€recalledÏthat€about€a€week€earlier€defense€counsel€had€contacted€him€to€request€anÏinterview.€€Frye€testified€that€he€had€refused€and€would€do€so€again.€€The€trial€courtÏfound€no€bad€faith€on€the€part€of€the€prosecution€and€no€prejudice€to€the€defendant,Ï"it's€...€crucial€that€[Frye]€was€here€last€Monday€and€apparently€...€refused€to€talk€atÏthat€time."€€ÌÌà àà àThe€pretrial€discovery€motion€by€the€defense€is€not€in€the€record.€€It€isÏthe€duty€of€the€appellant€to€prepare€a€record€that€conveys€a€fair,€accurate,€andÏcomplete€account€of€what€transpired€in€the€trial€court€with€respect€to€the€issues€thatÏform€the€basis€for€the€appeal.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b);€òòState€v.€Milleróó,€737€S.W.2dÏ556,€558€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€When€the€record€is€incomplete€and€does€notÏcontain€information€relevant€to€a€particular€issue,€this€court€may€not€make€a€ruling.€ÏòòState€v.€Cooperóó,€736€S.W.2d€125,€131€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€In€the€absence€ofÏan€adequate€record,€this€court€must€presume€the€correctness€of€the€trial€court'sÏruling.€€Appellate€courts€may€only€review€what€is€in€the€record€and€not€what€mightÏhave€been€or€should€have€been€included.€€òòDearborne€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€259,Ï264€(Tenn.€1978).€€In€consequence,€we€defer€to€the€ruling€of€the€trial€court.€ÌÌà àà àEven€if€the€discovery€motion€had€been€included€in€the€record,€theÏdefendant€would€not€be€entitled€to€relief.€There€has€been€no€showing€of€prejudice.€ÏWhen€there€has€been€a€failure€to€produce€discoverable€material€within€the€allottedÏtime,€the€trial€judge€has€the€discretion€to€fashion€an€appropriate€remedy,€such€as€aÏcontinuance.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(d)(2).€€Whether€the€defendant€has€beenÏprejudiced€by€the€failure€to€disclose€is€always€a€significant€factor.€€òòState€v.€Bakeróó,Ï751€S.W.2d€154,€160€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Exclusion€of€the€evidence€is€aÍdrastic€remedy€and€should€not€be€implemented€unless€there€is€no€other€reasonableÏalternative.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€€v.€Houseóó,€743€S.W.2d€141,€147€(Tenn.€1987).€ÌÌà àà àIn€this€instance,€the€defendant€knew€Frye€would€be€his€primaryÏaccuser.€€The€name€was€included€on€the€indictment.€€The€only€possible€prejudice€toÏthe€defendant€was€the€lack€of€opportunity€to€investigate€Frye's€background.€€Frye,Ïhowever,€testified€that€he€rarely€stayed€in€one€place€more€than€one€night€and€heÏwas€emphatic€in€his€refusal€to€talk€with€defense€counsel.€€Moreover,€the€trial€courtÏhad€instructed€the€state€to€make€Frye€available€sometime€before€the€trial€began€ifÏFrye€would€talk€with€defense€counsel.€€Such€a€witness€is€not€required€to€cooperateÏwith€the€defense€so€long€as€that€failure€to€cooperate€does€not€result€from€any€actionÏon€the€part€of€the€state.€€òòState€v.€Singletonóó,€853€S.W.2d€490,€493€(Tenn.€1993).ÌÌà@ àIVÌà àà àThe€defendant€asserts€that€the€prosecutor€acted€improperly€duringÏclosing€argument.€€He€challenges€the€state's€use€of€religious€references,€includingÏuse€of€the€phrase,€"I€pray."€€He€also€asserts€that€the€prosecutor€displayed€"crocodileÏtears"€to€inflame€the€jury.€€On€this€basis,€defense€counsel€requested€a€mistrial,Ïwhich€the€trial€court€denied.€€ÌÌà àà àTrial€courts€have€substantial€discretionary€authority€in€determining€theÏpropriety€of€final€argument.€€Although€counsel€is€generally€given€wide€latitude,Ïcourts€must€restrict€any€improper€argument.€€òòSparks€v.€Stateóó,€563€S.W.2d€564Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€Closing€argument€must€be€temperate,€must€be€basedÏupon€evidence€introduced€during€trial,€and€must€be€relevant€to€the€issues€at€trial.€ÏòòState€v.€Suttonóó,€562€S.W.2d€820€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€The€bounds€of€properÏargument€largely€depend€upon€the€facts€in€evidence,€the€character€of€the€trial,€andÏthe€conduct€of€opposing€counsel.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Byerleyóó,€658€S.W.2d€134€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1983);€òòEvans€v.€Stateóó,€557€S.W.2d€927€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977);€òòGastonÏv.€Stateóó,€506€S.W.2d€802€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1973).€ÌÌà àà àThe€test€to€be€applied€in€reviewing€prosecutorial€misconduct€isÏwhether€"the€improper€conduct€could€have€affected€the€verdict€to€the€prejudice€ofÏthe€defendant."€€òòHarrington€v.€Stateóó,€385€S.W.2d€758,€759€(Tenn.€1965).€€TheÏfactors€are€set€out€in€òòJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976),Ïas€adopted€by€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€in€òòState€v.€Buckóó,€670€S.W.2d€600,Ï609€(Tenn.€1984):€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€the€conduct€complained€of,€viewed€in€light€of€the€factsÏand€circumstances€of€the€case;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€the€curative€measures€undertaken€by€the€court€andÏthe€prosecutor;€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€the€intent€of€the€prosecutor€in€making€the€improperÏargument;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)€the€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conduct€andÏany€other€errors€in€the€record;€and€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)€the€relative€strength€or€weakness€of€the€case.€ÓÓÌBoth€the€state€and€the€defense€must€be€given€the€opportunity€to€argue€not€only€theÏfacts€in€the€record€but€any€reasonable€inferences€drawn€therefrom.€€òòSeeóó€òòRussell€v.ÏStateóó,€532€S.W.2d€268€(Tenn.€1976).€€Confusing€or€irrelevant€arguments€should€notÏbe€permitted.€€òòSeeóó€òòBurns€v.€Stateóó,€591€S.W.2d€780€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1979);ÏòòBrazelton€v.€Stateóó,€550€S.W.2d€7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1974).€ÌÌà àà àAgain,€we€are€confronted€with€an€incomplete€record.€€No€transcript€ofÏthe€closing€argument€is€included€for€our€review.€€The€appellant€has€the€duty€toÏprepare€a€record€that€conveys€a€fair,€accurate,€and€complete€account€of€whatÏtranspired€in€the€trial€court€with€respect€to€the€issues€that€form€the€basis€for€theÏappeal.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b);€òòMilleróó,€737€S.W.2d€at€568.€€We€may€not€rule€on€anÏincomplete€record.€€òòCooperóó,€736€S.W.2d€at€131.€€In€the€absence€of€an€adequateÏrecord,€our€court€must€presume€the€correctness€of€the€trial€court's€ruling.€€AppellateÏcourts€may€only€review€what€is€in€the€record€and€not€what€might€have€been€orÍshould€have€been€included.€€òòDearborneóó,€575€S.W.2d€at€264.€€Without€the€transcriptÏof€the€prosecutor's€closing€argument,€we€cannot€evaluate€the€appropriateness€ofÏthe€her€remarks€to€and€conduct€before€the€jury.€ÌÌà àà àà@ àVÌà àà àIn€his€final€issue,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€state€failed€toÏmaintain€and€produce€òòJencksóó€material,€pursuant€to€Rule€26.2,€Tennessee€Rules€ofÏCriminal€Procedure.€€The€state€maintains€that€the€trial€court€correctly€ruled€theÏinformation€in€question€was€not€òòJencksóó€material.ÌÌà àà àAfter€the€direct€testimony€of€Detective€Gray,€the€defendant€demandedÏthe€notes€made€by€the€detective€during€the€course€of€his€investigation.€€WhileÏDetective€Gray€conceded€that€he€had€used€his€notes€to€prepare€his€formal€report,Ïhe€asserted€that€the€formal€report€contained€the€material€included€in€his€notes.€ÏUpon€further€questioning,€the€trial€court€then€determined€from€Detective€Gray€thatÏthe€report€provided€to€defense€counsel€was€"a€typed€transcript€of€[his]€handwrittenÏnotes"€and€ruled€that€the€òòJencksóó€rule€had€been€satisfied.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€applicable€rule€defines€òòJencksóó€material€as€follows:€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€€€A€written€statement€made€by€the€witness€that€isÏsigned€or€otherwise€adopted€or€approved€by€him;€or€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€€A€substantially€verbatim€recital€of€an€oral€statementÏmade€by€the€witness€that€is€recordedÏcontemporaneously€with€the€making€of€the€oralÏstatement€and€that€is€contained€in€a€stenographicÏmechanical,€electrical,€or€other€recording€or€transcriptionÏthereof.€ÌÌÓÓRule€26.2(g),€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€€Investigation€notes€are€not€òòJencksóó€materialÏbecause€the€information€uncovered€during€investigation€is€not€the€signed,€adoptedÏor€approved€statement€of€the€investigator/witness.€€òòState€v.€Paytonóó,€782€S.W.2d€490Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).€€Nor€do€the€investigation€notes€in€question€come€withinÏthe€purview€of€Rule€26.2(g)(2),€as€they€are€not€stenographic,€electrical€or€otherwiseÏrecorded€and€transcribed.€€òòId.óó;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Danielóó,€663€S.W.2d€809,€811„12€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1983).ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:̛̜ÌÌ________________________________ÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌÌÌœÌ________________________________›ÌCurwood€Witt,€JudgeÓÓ