ÿWPCú žfyƒ*Z\¡d9"ûZcÞ¯Ô”­9m]áSî–'f)žÊ?â•Â÷9,îŒú;p‘Ñç Jú~Z³¡›Ý9òô}žc¸$ÁÜ PPOZwu»r}™f@•î‰vIäñ¥Ï‚!4ðKÚ¿Ýèîwºâtö›$EUöе;2¦^”çˆ1Rn°V®¨È,¢ÉÄÜ–åV|ÆEà×ù£ÙtOÀÏ´/ÊŽõÀxÜé¥üV»“™•ƒ»÷RÕ ˆ\½bç„ZæœAj…ã5bÒ¥›Kà~m«xªœ†)¢#è²à?Ë#3ÿ®VeoâÿúÕnR§œŒrÔéRér Õå•_] ‘Ã8%P!êë¬k›d9ì/È#;, Žl­Å6­¿J”íƒUh3zñžõNßw&¶¿+Œ3‹WâSÍGØû4¯ ¬ñ¼DŸºYx w9•½ÛÿÏqèbOVžI:ßd•ï´°™Gø9Ünf¼ŠŸÆeÓ2£ºY!Œ´9h;—ïvùô(cW;K-ŸNèy½›:N™&à_ Ùç5.Ï pX–0Bà–âðáð×å?)h1S 8l–qß—”àŸÖ›_Õ½ 2f„|¡ípŸœ-‚%íä{¶†ar}'6tð§îÉ—Â×ð- Ú–Þï‘*# LUNW %¥ 0(«U:Ób w@4Ui 0Æx 0D>*‚¹¬še U:ÿ U:9 9 9 s s s s s s s s s s s s B{ AQ˜ Æé 0D¯ 0Dó 0D77 D/{{ Bª D3ǘHP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLàÏ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,“í|AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- YDZ[D\]D^D_`aDbÓ€:M+%3|xm(v(2$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X×—XXXÔÔ€ôè›ôXX×—Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ý ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X×—XXXÔÔ€8o XX×—ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X×—X 8oÔÐ  ÐÌò òSeptember€15,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôè›ôXX×—ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó ¯Ý ƒ ˆÿ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xq{XXXÔÔ€ôž«ôXXq{Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€State€concedes€that€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(10)€does€not€apply€to€eitherÐ `  Ðthe€second€degree€murder€conviction€or€to€the€assault€with€intent€to€commit€second€degree€murder,€butÏargues€that€it€properly€applies€to€the€burglary€conviction. Ý ƒ ˆÿ$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xq{XXXÔÔ€ôž«ôXXq{Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAlthough€òòState€v.€Adamsóó€deals€with€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€its€reasoning€should€beÐ `  Ðequally€applicable€to€the€identical€provision€of€the€1982€Act,€i.e.,€it€is€particular€vulnerability€rather€than€ageÏabove€which€is€the€focus€of€ðð€40„35„111(4).€€Any€other€citations€in€this€opinion€to€cases€arising€after€theÏadoption€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€are€made€in€the€belief€that€such€holdings€are€equally€applicable€toÏanalogous€provisions€of€the€1982€Sentencing€Act.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d!"#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñbñ›ñbñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€Š’ÙŠXXÔÔ€Š³VŠŠŠ’ÙÔÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€F0XXdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òñbñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@Eôf ` ttx$,` ð Úrß›ñbñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌAPRIL€SESSION,€1998ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À à)à  àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9705„CR„00166Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àó ó)Ð ` Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À àò ò)Ð Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àPOLK€COUNTYÐ Xø  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHON.€œMAYO€MASHBURNó ó›Ð Xø  Ðò òMICHAEL€SCOTT€FARNER,ó óà À àò ò)à  àJUDGEó óÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò ò)ó óÐ Xø Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À àò ò)à  àœ(Delayed€Appeal)›Ð Xø Ðó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð 8Ø ÐÌJERRY€H.€SUMMERSà h àà À àà  àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ ( È Ð500€Lindsay€Streetà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ  !À ÐChattanooga,€TN€€37402„1490Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMICHAEL€J.€FAHEY,€IIÌTIMOTHY€W.€JONESà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ $¨ ÐOgle€&€Wallaceà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ %  ÐCourt€Place,€Suite€1à h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243Ð ø%˜ Ð121€Court€AvenueÌSevierville,€TN€€37862à h àà À àà  àJERRY€N.€ESTESÐ è'ˆ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àSHARI€TAYLOEÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àP.€O.€Box€1351Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCleveland,€TN€€37364„1351ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÐ  x5,-S ÐÓ  Óò òòòÔ‡„Àà„ŠŠ³VÔOPINIONóóó óÔ#†Š³VŠ„„Àà“ #ÔÐ `  ÐÌÓ  ÓÓÓÌà ` àOn€March€31,€1988,€Appellant,€Michael€Scott€Farner,€pled€guilty€to€secondÏdegree€murder,€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder,€and€secondÏdegree€burglary.€After€a€sentencing€hearing,€Appellant€was€sentenced€as€aÏstandard€Range€I€offender€to€35€years€for€the€second€degree€murder€conviction,Ï32€years€for€the€assault€with€intent€to€commit€murder,€and€9€years€for€the€secondÏdegree€burglary.€All€sentences€were€ordered€to€run€consecutively.€AppellantÏwaived€his€right€to€appeal,€and€Appellantððs€court„appointed€counsel€was€relievedÏfrom€further€representation€of€Appellant.€On€May€29,€1992,€Appellant€filed€a€proÏse€Petition€for€a€Writ€of€Habeas€Corpus€in€the€United€States€District€Court€for€theÏEastern€District€of€Tennessee.€Counsel€and€a€Guardian€Ad€Litem€wereÏappointed.€On€September€25,€1996,€Appellantððs€petition€for€Habeas€Corpus€wasÏdismissed€for€failure€to€exhaust€state€remedies.€On€February€10,€1997,€AppellantÏfiled€a€motion€for€a€delayed€appeal€to€this€Court.€On€May€28,€1997,€this€CourtÏgranted€the€motion€for€a€delayed€appeal.€Appellant€appeals€from€the€trial€courtððsÏimposition€of€an€effective€sentence€of€72€years€incarceration,€raising€two€issues:Ìà ` àÌÓÓà ` à1)à0 ¸ àwhether€Appellant€should€receive€less€than€the€maximum€sentenceÐ ¬,L#$ Ðin€the€range€upon€conviction€of€an€offense€when€no€enhancingÏfactors€may€be€properly€applied€and€where€two€mitigating€factorsÏshould€be€applied;€andÐ ¸ T$¸ T$ Ðà ` à2)à0 ¸ àwhether€Appellant€should€be€sentenced€to€concurrent€prison€termsÐ Œ0,'( Ðwhen€the€record€indicates€that€his€confinement€is€not€necessary€forÏthe€protection€of€the€public,€when€he€may€be€amenable€toÏrehabilitation,€and€when€he€cannot€be€properly€labeled€as€aÏð ðdangerous€offenderðð.Ð ¸ T$¸ T$ ÐÓÓÓÌà ` àAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÐ D9ä/1 Ðò òÓ  Óà @ àFACTSó óÐ `  ÐÓÜÓÌà ` àAppellant€in€this€case€was€20€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€HeÏsuffers€from€both€physical€and€mental€handicaps€in€that€since€birth€he€has€beenÏunable€to€hear€or€speak.€His€intelligence€level€is€only€slightly€above€mentalÏretardation,€and€he€is€functionally€illiterate.€Proof€was€presented€in€the€pre„¼sentence€report€that,€as€a€youth,€Appellant€suffered€severe€physical€abuse€at€theÏhands€of€his€grandparents.ÌÌà ` àOn€July€21,€1987,€Appellant€entered€the€home€of€Andrew€and€AgnesÏDanisewicz€without€permission.€He€forced€Ms.€Danisewicz€into€the€bathroom€withÏa€hunting€knife,€where€he€then€stabbed€her€four€times.€Mr.€Danisewicz€returnedÏhome€and€interrupted€the€attack€upon€Ms.€Danisewicz;€Appellant€turned€on€Mr.ÏDanisewicz,€œenabling›€Ms.€Danisewicz€to€flee€for€help.€Appellant€stabbed€Mr.ÏDanisewicz€17€times,€œkilling€him.›ÌÌà ` àAfter€his€arrest€on€July€22,€1987,€Appellant€gave€a€statement€to€the€policeÏthrough€the€means€of€an€interpreter.€Appellant€stated€that€he€was€mad€on€the€dayÏof€the€murder,€because€his€mother€had€made€him€leave€home.€He€went€to€a€poolÏhall,€got€two€six„packs€of€beer,€and€drank€all€12.€He€then€went€to€the€victimsððÏhome€with€the€intent€to€kill€them,€because€he€felt€that€they€always€looked€at€himÏlike€they€were€mad€at€him.Ìâ âÐ 6°,, Ðà ` àAppellant€was€indicted€œfor€first›€degree€murder,€assault€with€intent€to€commitÏfirst€degree€murder,€and€second€degree€burglary.€He€pled€to€a€reduced€chargeÏof€second€degree€murder,€œand€to›€the€other€charges.Ìâ âÌò òÓ  ÓI.€Length€of€Sentenceó óÐ €  ÐÓ¶ÓÌà ` àAppellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€the€maximumÏsentence€within€the€applicable€ranges,€contending€that€none€of€the€statutoryÏenhancement€factors€may€properly€be€applied€and€that€two€mitigating€factorsÏshould€have€been€applied.€Because€both€Appellantððs€crime€and€his€trial€occurredÏprior€to€the€1989€Sentencing€Reform€act,€the€1982€œsentencing€act›€applies.€UnderÏthe€holding€of€òòState€v.€œPooleóó,›€845€S.W.2d€171€(Tenn.€1992)€and€òòSills€v.€Stateóó,Ð ¸X Ð884€S.W.2d€139€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€when€a€sentence€is€merely€readjustedÏor€when€the€individual€components€of€the€sentence€are€reviewed,€but€theÏsentence€is€not€set€aside€on€substantive€or€procedural€flaw€or€due€to€a€lack€ofÏjurisdiction,€the€same€statute€applies€to€the€re„sentencing€as€did€in€the€originalÏsentence.€€Here,€had€Appellantððs€appeal€not€been€an€out€of€time€appeal,€the€1982Ïact€would€have€applied.€We€see€no€reason€to€stray€from€the€rule€of€òòState€v.Ð è+ˆ"" ÐPooleóó.Ð ð-$$ ÐÌà ` à€When€a€defendant,€convicted€under€the€law€applicable€in€this€case,Ïcomplains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòde€novoóó€review€of€theÐ 4¨** Ðsentence.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)(Supp.€1988)(òòrepealed€byóó€CriminalÐ 6°,, ÐSentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€Acts€1989,€ch€591,€ðð6).€This€review€is€withoutÏa€presumption€of€correctness.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)(Supp.Ð  :À00 Ð1988)(òòrepealed€byóó€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€Acts€1989,€ch€591,Ð `  Ððð6);€òòState€v.€Bolingóó,€806€S.W.2d€202€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).Ð h  ÐÌà ` àThe€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1982€established€specific€procedures€whichÏmust€be€followed€in€sentencing.€These€procedures,€codified€at€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€ðð€40„35„210€(1982)(òòrepealed€byóó€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€ofÐ ˆ(  Ð1989,€Acts€1989,€ch€591,€ðð6),€mandated€the€courtððs€consideration€of€theÏfollowing:ÌÌÒ` „ÒÒ` ÒÓÓ(1)€The€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€theÏsentencing€hearing;€(2)€[t]he€presentence€report;€(3)€[t]heÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencingÏalternatives;€(4)€[t]he€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÏcriminal€conduct€involved;€(5)€[e]vidence€and€informationÏoffered€by€the€parties€on€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÏfactors€in€ðððð€40„35„113€and€40„35„114;€and€(6)€[a]nyÏstatement€the€defendant€wishes€to€make€in€his€own€behalfÏabout€sentencing.ÌÒ` #ÒÒ„` ù"ÒÓ#ÓÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210.ÌÌà ` àUnder€the€1982€Sentencing€Act,€there€is€no€presumption€that€a€defendantÏwill€be€sentenced€to€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€applicable€range€as€there€isÏunder€current€law.€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€238€(Tenn.€1986).€AfterÐ ô.”%% Ðdetermining€the€appropriate€range€for€sentencing,€the€court€was€then€to€weigh€theÏenhancing€and€mitigating€factors€found€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðððð€40„35„¼110€and€40„35„111€to€arrive€at€a€sentence€which€was€ð ðthe€least€severe€measureÏâ ânecessary€to€achieve€the€purposes€for€which€the€sentence€is€imposed.ðð€Tenn.Ð 7´-- ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(4)(Supp.€1988)(òòrepealed€byóó€Criminal€Sentencing€ReformÐ `  ÐAct€of€1989,€Acts€1989,€ch€591,€ðð6).Ìâ âÌà ` àThe€1982€Sentencing€Reform€Act€also€provided€that€the€trial€court€shallÏplace€on€the€record€either€orally€or€in€writing€what€enhancement€or€mitigatingÏfactors€it€found,€if€any.€These€findings€are€crucial€for€appellate€review€of€the€trialÏcourtððs€decision.€In€the€matter€sub€judice,€the€trial€court€found€two€mitigatingÏfactors:€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„110€(7),€the€defendant,Ïbecause€of€his€youth,€lacked€substantial€judgment€in€committing€the€offense,€andÏunder€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„110(9)€the€defendant€was€sufferingÏfrom€a€mental€or€physical€condition€that€significantly€reduced€his€culpability€for€theÏoffense.€The€trial€court€also€found€several€enhancement€factors,€namely:€underÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(1)€that€the€defendant€had€a€previousÏhistory€of€criminal€behavior;€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(3)Ïthe€offense€involved€more€than€one€victim;€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ððÏ40„35„111(4)€the€victim€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€age€or€physicalÏor€mental€disability;€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(5)€theÏdefendant€treated€the€victim€with€ð ðalmost€unbelievable€crueltyðð€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offense;€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(6)€theÏinjury€inflicted€upon€the€victims€was€particularly€great;€under€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€ðð€40„35„111(9)€the€defendant€possessed€and€employed€a€deadlyÏweapon€in€the€commission€of€the€offense;€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ððÏ40„35„111(10)€the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€whereÏâ âthe€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€In€its€brief,€the€State€concedes€that€TennesseeÐ 8¸.. ÐCode€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(3)€and€€(10)€were€misapplied€to€AppellantððsÏsentence.׃ ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Рh  Ðâ âÌà ` àÌÌÌÌÌòòò òEnhancement€Factorsó óóóÐ  @ ÐÌà ` àIn€the€matter€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€correctly€enhanced€eachÐ °P Ðsentence€œwith€respect€to€Tennessee›€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(1).€€TheÏpresentence€report€contains€ample€undisputed€evidence€of€previous€violence,Ïdrug€abuse,€and€illegal€destruction€of€property.€€All€sentences€were€alsoÏappropriately€enhanced€with€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(9)€sinceÏit€is€clear€Appellant€used€a€deadly€weapon,€i.e.,€a€hunting€knife€to€commit€hisÏcrime.€€In€addition€the€trial€court€properly€enhanced€all€three€sentences€pursuantÏto€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(5).€€Appellant€chose€to€attack€Mr.Ïand€Mrs.€Danisewicz€in€a€particularly€vicious€manner,€i.e.,€by€using€a€knife€toÏinflict€multiple€stab€and€slash€wounds,€rather€than€quickly€accomplishing€his€grislyÏmission.€€Mrs.€Danisewicz€was€stabbed€four€(4)€times€as€she€pleaded€for€her€lifeÏand€escaped€only€because€Appellant€turned€his€wrath€onto€Mr.€DanisewiczÏwounding€him€seventeen€(17)€times€eventually€killing€him€as€he€too€pleaded€forÐ 6°,, Ðhis€life.€€By€his€own€admission,€Appellant€burgled€the€Danisewiczððs€home€with€hisÏknife€in€hand€for€the€exclusive€purpose€of€killing€the€couple.€€Under€theseÏcircumstances€we€have€no€trouble€concluding€that€the€victims€were€treated€withÏexceptional€cruelty.€€In€addition€to€the€above,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€properlyÏapplied€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(6)€to€Appellantððs€conviction€forÏaggravated€burglary.€€The€injury€to€both€Mr.€and€Mrs.€Danisewicz€during€theÏburglary€was€very€great.€€In€addition€as€a€result€of€her€husbandððs€death,€Mr.ÏDanisewicz€lost€considerable€financial€support.€€Application€of€this€factor€to€theÏburglary€sentence€was€appropriate.ÌÌà ` àAppellantððs€burglary€sentence€was€also€properly€enhanced€with€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(10),€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€whereÏrisk€to€human€life€is€high.€€Clearly€a€home€invasion€burglary€for€the€expressÏpurpose€of€killing€the€occupants€œis›€such€a€crime.€€See,€òòState€v.€Edwardsóó,€868Ð È#h ÐS.W.2d€682,€702€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).ÌÌà ` àHowever,€there€was€some€misapplication€of€enhancement€factors.€€TheÏState€concedes€and€we€agree€that€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(3),Ïthe€crime€involved€more€than€one€victim,€does€not€apply€to€any€of€the€convictionsÏin€this€case.€€òòSeeóó,€òòState€v.€Claboóó,€905€S.W.2d€197€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)Ð ø/˜&& Ð(holding€separate€convictions€with€respect€to€each€victim€in€a€case€precludes€useÏof€this€aggravating€factor).€€The€State€also€concedes€and€we€agree€thatÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111(10),€no€hesitation€about€committing€aÏcrime€where€risk€to€human€life€is€high,€was€inapplicable€to€the€murder€andÏattempted€murder€convictions.€€òòSeeóó,€òòState€v.€Simsóó,€909€S.W.2d€46,€50€(Tenn.Ð  :À00 ÐCrim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Makokaóó,€885,€S.W.2d€366€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€Ð `  ÐAlso€the€age€of€the€victim€without€proof€of€œñTñeñTñspecial›€vulnerability€as€a€result€thereofÏis€insufficient€to€warrant€application€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„111Ïœ(4)ñ^ñ,ñ^ñ›œñ_ñ.ñ_ñ›€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€35€(Tenn.€1993)׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð x ÐÌÌÌÌòòò òMitigating€Factorsóóó óÐ  @ ÐÌà ` àThe€State€does€not€contest€the€applicability€of€mitigating€factors€found€atÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðððð€40„35„110(7)€and€(9).€€These€factors€dealÏrespectively€with€a€lack€of€judgment€because€of€youth€and€reduced€culpability€dueÏto€a€mental€or€physical€conditions.€€The€trial€judge€however,€as€was€hisÏprerogative€gave€little€weight€to€these€factors€in€view€of€the€circumstances€ofÏAppellantððs€crime€and€the€gravity€of€the€numerous€enhancement€factorsÏapplicable€in€this€case.ÌÌòòò òLength€of€Sentenceó óóóÐ ð-$$ ÐÌà ` àAs€stated€earlier€there€is€no€presumptive€minimum€sentence€with€respectÏto€sentences€under€the€1982€Sentencing€Act.€€In€this€case€which€falls€under€theÐ 4¨** Ðprovisions€of€that€act€three€(3)€enhancement€factors€are€applicable€to€the€murderÏsentence,€four€(4)€such€factors€are€applicable€to€the€assault€with€the€intent€toÏcommit€murder,€and€five€(5)€enhancers€properly€œpertainñVñobtain›€ñVññWñ€ñWñto›€the€burglary€sentence.€ÏThe€trial€court,€within€the€scope€of€his€discretion,€gave€little€weight€to€theÏapplicable€mitigating€factors.€€Under€the€circumstances€we€cannot€say€the€lengthÏof€the€sentences€imposed€are€improper.ÌÌÌò òÓ  ÓII.€Consecutive€Sentencingó óÐ  @ ÐÓSBÓÌà ` àAppellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€consecutiveÏsentences,€arguing€that€his€confinement€is€not€necessary€for€the€protection€of€theÏpublic,€that€he€may€be€amenable€to€rehabilitation,€and€that€he€cannot€properly€beÏlabeled€as€a€ð ðdangerous€offenderðð€or€a€ð ðdangerous,€mentally€abnormal€person.ððÏWe€disagree.ÌÌà ` à€In€œòòGrñXñañXññYñeñYñy›€v.€Stateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391€(Tenn.€1976),€the€Supreme€Court€set€outÐ à)€  Ðcriteria€by€which€a€defendant€is€evaluated€in€deciding€whether€consecutiveÏsentencing€is€appropriate:€ÌÌÒ` „ÒÒ` ÒÓÓTypes€of€offenders€for€which€consecutive€sentencingÏshould€be€reserved€may€be€classified€as€follows:€(1)€theÏpersistent€offender,€defined€as€one€who€has€previouslyÏbeen€convicted€of€two€felonies€or€of€one€felony€and€twoÏmisdemeanors€committed€at€different€times€when€he€wasÏover€eighteen€(18)€years€of€age;€(2)€the€professionalÏcriminal,€one€who€has€knowingly€devoted€himself€toÏcriminal€acts€as€a€major€source€of€livelihood€or€who€hasÏsubstantial€income€or€resources€not€shown€to€be€derivedÐ  :À00 Ðfrom€a€source€other€than€criminal€activity;€(3)€the€multipleÏoffender,€one€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€isÏextensive;€(4)€the€dangerous€mentally€abnormal€person,Ïso€declared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€who€concludes€asÏa€result€of€a€presentence€investigation€that€the€defendant'sÏcriminal€conduct€has€been€characterized€by€a€pattern€ofÏrepetitive€or€compulsive€behavior€or€by€persistentÏaggressive€behavior€with€heedless€indifference€toÏconsequences;€and€(5)€the€dangerous€offender,Ïhereinafter€defined.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€prior€record€of€the€persistent€offender€willÏindicate€that€he€is€one€not€likely€to€be€rehabilitated€andÏshould€be€incarcerated€under€consecutive€sentences€forÏthe€protection€of€the€public.€€The€same€may€be€said€for€theÏprofessional€criminal.€€The€prior€record€of€the€multipleÏoffender€may€have€been€good,€but€the€crimes€for€which€heÏhas€been€convicted€indicate€criminal€activity€so€extensiveÏand€continuing€for€such€a€period€of€time€as€to€warrantÏconsecutive€sentencing.€€See€Sentencing€Alternatives€andÏProcedures,€ðð€3.4,€Comment€C;€Model€Penal€Code,€ððÏ7.03.€€The€object€is€to€use€consecutive€sentencing,€whereÏappropriate,€to€protect€society€from€those€who€areÏunwilling€to€lead€a€productive€life€and€resort€to€criminalÏactivity€in€furtherance€of€their€anti-societal€lifestyle.ÌÌà ¸ àA€defendant€may€be€classified€as€a€dangerousÏoffender€if€the€crimes€for€which€he€is€convicted€indicateÏthat€he€has€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€noÏhesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€toÏhuman€life€is€high.€€This€does€not€mean€that€all€defendantsÏconvicted€of€several€counts€of€a€dangerous€offense,€suchÏas€armed€robbery,€should€be€consecutively€sentenced.€ÏEven€though€armed€robbery€is€a€dangerous€offense,€thereÏare€increased€penalties€for€that€crime.€€The€decision€toÏimpose€consecutive€sentences€when€crimes€inherentlyÏdangerous€are€involved€should€be€based€upon€theÏpresence€of€€aggravating€circumstances€and€not€merely€onÏthe€fact€that€two€or€more€dangerous€crimes€wereÏcommitted.€€However,€this€does€not€preclude€the€trial€courtÏfrom€imposing€consecutive€sentencing€for€the€commissionÏof€dangerous€offenses€where€no€aggravatingÏcircumstances€are€present€if€evidence€indicates€that€theÏdefendant€should€be€sentenced€under€one€of€the€otherÏclassifications.ÌÒ` þDÒÒ„` ðDÒÌâ âà ` àÐ 8¸.. ÐÓ EÓòòGray€v.€Stateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393„394€(Tenn.€œ1976)ñ`ñ.€€ñ`ññañ›€ñañIn›€the€matter€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,Ð `  Ðâ âthe€trial€court€sentenced€Appellant€to€consecutive€sentences€upon€finding€thatÏAppellant€was€a€dangerously€€mental€abnormal€person,€but€the€record€does€notÏreflect€any€evaluation€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€as€required€under€œòòGrñZñañZññ[ñeñ[ñyóó.›€Ð x ÐHowever,€based€upon€Appellantððs€past€violent€behavior€documented€in€theÏpresentence€report,€and€his€lack€of€hesitation€in€committing€a€home€invasion€withÏa€view€toward€killing€the€occupants€because€of€how€he€thought€they€looked€atÏhim,€we€believe€that€society€must€be€protected€from€Appellant,€and€accordinglyÏfind€that€Appellant€meets€the€criteria€set€out€in€œòòGrñ\ñañ\ññ]ñeñ]ñyóó›€to€be€classified€as€aÐ  @ Ðdangerous€offender.€€The€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€isÏaffirmed.ÌÌÌÌÌÌà ` àFor€the€aforementioned€reasons,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGEÌÌÐ  :À00 Ð___________________________________ÌCURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€JUDGE