’WPC Aķā=mļ”ā$ĆžØŲś’Į>++ŽŁxOŪ³i†—‚°ń]“ПžŒŚ{łMš×Õõ4ŽnĶEśØ~Kü~bĻ%‚Ļ$YF)pnńĮ ĢÉ2žģs’k¶ēā0?×÷ć%sJĆbīŪӌ ×ķ¢”’{»Kq‘¼¢›ÖEŪiScqsžū×Ī䙦ŚįĒ܉‚ż€!ĘŹÉ‚]ž:Āv’ż– «rbĘĒuųi-Ā8–¶@^ép šą–ä*I6ėƏL:š“ŒŚŁDše¤/ąqfM%š·±~·ŗ°rŠøĀn4i rvAQ}G &Ä+XpYb…F")^>šÉR@”Z.™Xö֘cW^æ]6&+ŃÜg›°WēįMa[9i:ų„Į"ķß³d$ƒū?#EՅ–^ņ†°Īt’¤ĘæūMy…—٤“¢µ•tUĢłÆžˆčxMžœ„-Pn2¼*÷ŽOYD ww°ąÓkn^ģ7„7Vį™h3+מāj/€ F‰ˆ—ī¢sŖcĒsYf²5ҼĪĖhf'.ś;všg XR7Vä@ß±Üvbģ"OĖpœ°žĢč"“¢<©ŗ&kŗ7ĆEņtõb %\^ b 0ˆnUNöwD4H\ zkŅå· m¹ #ĮŠ ‘ ʧ Ęm Ę3 Ęł U@æN’’’Eb 0ė     Böö 0¤ D3· D-ź 0K ASbʵ 0¤{ 0D A«c»`„H+ (`£Ŗ$””Ń€.ŃŃ8€½­»»d»»d8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  Ó(ķ€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularÖJ~'  3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ’U‹’ĄĄĄ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5eČČ,,,,ČČ0 Ń ° сLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ČhH  Z(Times New Roman - ł-(|G2-”$¤¤Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€e»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Żą  ąņņŚ  Ś0Ś  ŚóóŌ€ō©Mņ»»Ō d(|3’m$££Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€e»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻVVVV'’’dxd)!ČČČČdxdx( ±ž$’’ņ ņFigure€Ś  Ś1Ś  Śó ó^_X`YEž’<<C’’ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3’m$¢¢Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€e»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Ż($$””ņ ņŚ  Ś1Ś  Śó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8’’’’’’’’’’C’’ HKKKKŻ ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€e»»ddČ8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŃ  ŃŃ  ŃŌ€¼e»»»ŌŃ8€^yXXdģ»»d8ŃŃ€ OYŃą@ttģąŌ‡ī$eŌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆŠ ° Šą@kk$ģąAT€NASHVILLEŌ#†¼e»īī$#ԈŠ Ö& ŠÓ  Óą @ ąą @` ąAssigned€on€Briefs€June€20,€2001Š üL ŠŌ‡X^yX»¼eŌĢņ ņŌ#†¼e»XX^y/#ŌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€Ō_ŌHAISONŌ_Ō€FIELDSŌ‡X^yX»¼eŌó óŠ śJ ŠĢą@@½½ģąņ ņDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Bedford€CountyŠ ś J Šą@@ųųģąNo.€14629€€€€€€William€Charles€Lee,€JudgeŠ ę 6 ŠĢĢą@@ģģ*ģąßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` Aߊ Ŗś  ŠĢą@@TTģąNo.€M2000„02144„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€October€8,€Ō_Ō2001Ō_ŌŠ „õ  ŠĢßA€V) °°` dE<|` Aߊ }Ķ  Šó óĢÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Ō_ŌHaisonŌ_Ō€Fields,€was€convicted€by€a€Bedford€County€jury€of€attempted€first€degreeŠ xČ  Šmurder,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„13„202,€a€Class€A€felony.€€After€a€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€courtŠ d“ Šimposed€upon€Defendant€the€maximum€possible€sentence€of€twenty„five€years.€€In€this€appeal,Š P  ŠDefendant€presents€the€following€issues:€(1)€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€sustainŠ <Œ Šhis€conviction;€(2)€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€on€numerous€lesser„includedŠ (x Šoffenses€as€required€under€ņņState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.2d€453€(Tenn.€1999);€and€(3)€the€trial€court€erredŠ d Šby€failing€to€give€proper€weight€to€an€applicable€mitigating€factor€which€resulted€in€DefendantŠ P Šreceiving€the€maximum€sentence:€twenty„five€years.€€Following€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirmŠ ģ< Šthe€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Š Ų( ŠŌ#†¼e»XX^yø#ŌŌ‡X^yX»¼eŌĢÓßÓņ ņTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmed.ó óŠ ° ŠĢņņÓ  ÓŌ#†¼e»ąX^y #ŌŌ‡X^yX.¼eŌŌ‡X^yXąX^yŌThomas€T.€Ō_ŌWoodallŌ_Ō,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€ņņDavid€G.€Hayes,€J.óó€andŠ ˆŲ ŠņņTerry€Ō_ŌLaffertyŌ_Ōóó,€Ō_ŌSp.J.Ō_Ō,€joined.Š tÄ ŠĢJohn€B.€Nisbet,€III,€Ō_ŌCookevilleŌ_Ō,€Tennessee€(on€appeal);€Donna€Orr€Ō_ŌHargroveŌ_Ō,€District€PublicŠ L œ ŠDefender;€and€Andrew€Jackson€Ō_ŌDearingŌ_Ō,€III,€Assistant€Public€Defender,€Ō_ŌShelbyvilleŌ_Ō,€Tennessee€(atŠ 8!ˆ  Štrial)€for€the€appellant,€Ō_ŌHaisonŌ_Ō€Fields.€Š $"t! ŠĢPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€David€H.€Ō_ŌFindleyŌ_Ō,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Š ü#L# ŠJ.€W.€Michael€Ō_ŌMcCownŌ_Ō,€District€Attorney€General;€Michael€D.€Ō_ŌRandlesŌ_Ō,€Assistant€District€AttorneyŠ č$8 $ ŠGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Š Ō%$!% ŠŌ#†X^yXXX^y #ŌŌ#†¼e»XX^yź #ŌŌ‡X^yX»¼eŌĢÓ» Óą@@55'ģąņ ņņņOPINIONóóó óŌ#†¼e»XX^yĪ#ŌŌ‡X^yX»¼eŌŠ ¬'ü"' ŠĢŌ#†¼e»XX^yF#ŌÓ  ÓŌ€X^yX»¼eŌņ ņą@!ģąFactual€BackgroundˆŠ „)Ō$) ŠĢó óą  ąAt€approximately€6:00€p.m.€on€December€14,€1999,€Jerry€Wayne€Burrows€was€attacked€asŠ \+¬&+ Šhe€prepared€to€leave€his€office€at€the€back€of€Jeremyššs€Car€Corral€on€Madison€Street€in€Ō_ŌShelbyvilleŌ_Ō,Š H,˜', ŠTennessee.€€Burrows€grappled€with€his€assailant€and€suffered€fifteen€stab€wounds€before€he€was€ableŠ 4-„(-ż¾ ŠŌ_Ōto€escape€from€his€office€to€the€car€lot€outside.€€The€attacker€had€also€hit€Burrows€with€a€televisionŠ ° Šand€sprayed€š šEasy€Offšš€oven€cleaner€into€his€face€and€eyes,€so€Burrows€was€half„blinded€as€heŠ œģ Šstruggled€toward€the€street€in€search€of€someone€to€assist€him.€€The€first€person€Burrows€reached€wasŠ ˆŲ Šsitting€in€a€van€waiting€for€the€light€to€change.€€Burrows€clung€to€the€passenger€side€of€the€car€forŠ tÄ Ša€few€minutes,€begging€the€driver€to€help€him,€and€then€collapsed€onto€the€street.€€At€this€point,€itŠ `° Šwas€apparent€to€the€people€watching€that€Burrows€was€truly€hurt,€and€they€rushed€to€help€him.€€AnŠ L œ Šambulance€arrived€shortly€thereafter.€€Burrows€was€taken€to€a€helicopter,€which€then€air€lifted€himŠ 8 ˆ Što€Vanderbilt€Medical€Center€where€he€was€immediately€operated€upon.€€Burrows€survived,Š $ t Šfollowing€surgery€and€treatment.€Š  ` ŠĢą  ąSharon€Brantley€was€the€driver€of€the€van€first€approached€by€Burrows.€€Shortly€beforehand,Š č 8  Šas€Brantley€was€slowing€to€stop€at€the€intersection€in€front€of€Jeremyššs€Car€Corral,€she€had€noticedŠ Ō$  Šmovement€in€the€adjacent€car€lot.€€Near€the€office,€a€man€with€short,€cropped,€š škind€of€floppyšš€hair,Š Ą  Šand€a€light„colored€jacket€or€shirt€appeared€to€be€leaning€or€shaking€hands€with€someone.€€Later,€sheŠ ¬ü  Šprofessed€uncertainty€whether€she€saw€one€or€two€persons,€and€she€was€also€not€completely€certainŠ ˜č  Šwhether€the€person€she€observed€was€male€or€female.€€Whatever€the€case,€Brantly€claimed€that€theŠ „Ō  Šunidentified€person(s)€hurried€across€the€parking€lot€and€disappeared€while€she€was€still€waiting€atŠ pĄ Šthe€light.€€The€time€was€approximately€6:15€p.m.€€Brantleyššs€ten„year„old€daughter€was€in€the€carŠ \¬ Šwith€her.€€They€were€on€her€way€to€go€Christmas€shopping€and€completely€unprepared€for€the€suddenŠ H˜ Šappearance€of€a€bloody€man€at€their€window.Š 4„ ŠĢą  ąWhen€Burrows€first€appeared,€neither€Brantley€nor€her€daughter€realized€that€he€had€just€beenŠ  \ Šassaulted.€€Burrows€simply€materialized€and€began€pounding€on€the€passenger€side€window€andŠ ųH Šshouting,€š šHelp,€help,€help€me.šš€€Brantleyššs€first€reaction€was€to€make€sure€her€car€doors€wereŠ ä4 Šlocked.€€Her€daughter€was€upset.€€The€man€kept€looking€over€his€shoulder€at€the€car€lot€andŠ Š  Šexclaiming,€š šHe€is€going€to€kill€me„„call€help.šš€€It€was€apparent€that€he€wanted€them€to€let€him€intoŠ ¼  Šthe€van,€but€Brantley€was€not€going€to€let€a€stranger€inside€of€the€car€with€her€daughter€present.€Š Øų ŠBrantley€called€911€on€her€cell€phone,€but€she€was€having€trouble€getting€through.€€Moreover,€sheŠ ”ä Šinitially€believed€that€the€man€was€part€of€a€joke,€that€someone€was€playing€a€trick€on€them.€€She€didŠ €Š Šnot€realize€that€the€substance€Burrows€was€smearing€over€her€van€and€windows€was€blood€until€heŠ l¼ Šturned€his€head€and€she€saw€blood€gushing€from€his€neck€wound.€€Then€Burrows€stood€back€fromŠ X Ø Šthe€van€for€a€moment€to€show€them€his€shirt.€€Brantley€was€able€to€observe€knife€cuts€acrossŠ D!” ŠBurrowsšš€stomach€before€he€quickly€reattached€himself€to€the€van.€€Brantley€told€the€man,€š šOkay.€Š 0"€  ŠJust€get€off€the€van€and€let€me€pull€off€of€the€road€and€I€will€get€you€help,šš€but€he€did€not€let€go.€Š #l! ŠBrantley€edged€over€to€the€curb€slowly.€€When€she€had€the€van€parked,€Burrows€finally€released€hisŠ $X" Šgrip€and€collapsed€onto€the€sidewalk.Š ō$D # ŠĢą  ąAs€Brantley€exited€the€van€and€approached€Burrows,€he€reached€for€her€and€said,€š šIššm€dying.Š Ģ&"% ŠIššm€dying.€€Help€me.šš€€Brantley€told€him€to€be€still.€€By€then,€she€was€in€contact€with€the€policeŠ ø'#& Šdispatcher€at€the€sheriffššs€department€and€help€was€on€the€way.€€Brantley€leaned€over€Burrows€andŠ ¤(ō#' Šasked,€š šWho€did€this€to€you?šš€€Burrows€replied,€š šHaison€Fields.šš€€He€repeated€the€name€to€her€overŠ )ą$( Šā āand€over€again.€€Other€people€were€appearing€at€that€point:€a€nurse€began€treating€Burrows,€a€womanŠ |*Ģ%) Šexclaimed€that€she€saw€a€white€car€drive€away,€a€police€officer€walked€up,€and€then€the€ambulanceŠ ° Šarrived€to€take€Burrows€to€the€hospital.Š œģ Šā āĢą  ąA€woman€named€Nina€Driver€was€also€waiting€at€the€light€when€the€incident€occurred.€€SheŠ tÄ Šwas€two€or€three€cars€from€the€intersection€when€Burrows€ran€up€to€Brantleyššs€van€and€startedŠ `° Šbeating€on€the€window.€€Driver€assumed€that€Burrows€was€drunk.€€She€sat€and€watched€until€heŠ L œ Šcrumpled€to€the€ground,€and€then€she€got€out€of€her€car€and€ran€over€to€help€him.€€Upon€closerŠ 8 ˆ Šinspection,€Driver€discovered€that€Borrows€had€bloody€cuts€š ševerywhere.šš€€At€this€point,€sheŠ $ t Šhappened€to€glance€in€the€direction€of€the€car€dealership€and€observed€a€small,€white€sports€carŠ  ` Šparked€on€the€lot€with€its€interior€light€on.€€She€did€not€see€anyone€inside€of€it€and€returned€herŠ ü L  Šattention€to€Burrows.€€Driver€asked€him€what€happened,€and€he€told€her€that€a€man€named€HaisonŠ č 8  ŠFields,€who€worked€at€Heilig„Meyers€in€Tullahoma,€had€stabbed€him.Š Ō$  ŠĢą  ąShannon€Gilmore€was€also€waiting€for€the€light€when€Burrows€collapsed€onto€the€sidewalk.€Š ¬ü  ŠFrom€her€vantage€point,€she€was€unable€to€see€him,€however,€and€thought€that€a€small€accident€hadŠ ˜č  Šoccurred.€€Gilmore€was€attempting€to€drive€around€the€š šproblemšš€when€her€daughter€told€her€thatŠ „Ō  Šshe€saw€a€man€was€lying€on€the€ground.€€Looking€at€the€traffic€around€her,€it€appeared€as€though€noŠ pĄ Šone€was€helping€him„„the€drivers€were€all€still€sitting€in€their€cars.€€Gilmore€leaned€over€to€find€outŠ \¬ Šwhat€was€happening€and€recognized€the€man€on€the€ground€as€š šJerry€Wayne.šš€€She€then€droveŠ H˜ Šthrough€the€car€lot€to€get€closer.€€As€she€did,€she€noticed€a€white€car€leaving€the€lot€š šin€a€hurry.šš€€Š 4„ ŠTraveling€š štoo€fast€for€that€area,šš€the€car€spun€out€in€the€gravel€as€it€pulled€away.€€Gilmore€describedŠ  p Šthe€car€as€having€a€long€front€end,€š šsort€of€like€a€Nissan€280€or€240€sports€car.šš€€Arriving€at€BurrowsššŠ  \ Šside,€Gilmore€asked€him€what€happened.€€Burrows€told€her€that€a€man€with€a€name€that€sounded€likeŠ ųH Šš šHaisonšš€or€š šHissonšš€from€Tullahoma€had€tried€to€kill€him€š šover€a€hot€check.šš€€Š ä4 ŠĢą  ąThe€first€Shelbyville€police€officer€on€the€scene,€Jerry€Lawrence,€was€not€on„duty€at€the€time.€Š ¼  ŠHe€was€driving€home€after€his€shift,€at€approximately€6:27€p.m.,€when€he€noticed€a€disturbance€inŠ Øų Šthe€traffic€and€pulled€over€to€investigate.€€As€he€approached€the€area€in€question,€he€observedŠ ”ä ŠBurrows€lying€on€the€sidewalk.€€Burrowsšš€face€was€red.€€He€was€also€profusely€bleeding€fromŠ €Š Šnumerous€wounds€and€having€difficulty€breathing.€€Lawrence€and€Burrows€knew€each€other.€€WhenŠ l¼ ŠBurrows€recognized€Lawrence,€he€mumbled€some€words€which€sounded€to€Lawrence€like,€š šYvonneŠ X Ø Šfield€cut€me.šš€€He€repeated€these€words€over€and€over€again.€€Talking€appeared€to€be€difficult,€andŠ D!” Šhis€voice€gurgled€due€to€his€wounds.€€After€Lawrence€confirmed€that€an€ambulance€was€on€the€way,Š 0"€  Šhe€began€assisting€the€police€officers€who€had€arrived€in€the€interim.€€As€they€approached€BurrowsššŠ #l! Šoffice,€they€noticed€that€the€door€was€wide€open,€the€contents€were€in€disarray,€and€blood€wasŠ $X" Šspattered€everywhere.€€A€quick€search€revealed€no€one€present.€€Then€the€scene€was€secured€untilŠ ō$D # Šthe€crime€lab€team€had€an€opportunity€to€investigate.Š ą%0!$ ŠĢą  ąOfficers€Tony€Collins€and€Mike€Rogers€with€the€Shelbyville€Police€Department€were€amongŠ ø'#& Šthe€first€on„duty€policemen€to€arrive€at€the€crime€scene€on€December€14,€1999.€€Collins€noted€thatŠ ¤(ō#' ŠBurrows€appeared€to€be€going€into€shock.€€When€Collins€asked€Burrows€to€identify€his€attacker,Š )ą$( ŠBurrows€replied€that€š šHaison€Fields€had€cut€him.šš€€Officer€Rogers€reported€that€Burrows€had€givenŠ |*Ģ%) Šhim€similar€information.€€Shortly€thereafter,€Officer€Pat€Mathis€and€Lieutenant€Chris€Szaroleta,€alsoŠ h+ø&* Šwith€the€Shelbyville€Police€Department,€were€dispatched€to€Defendantššs€residence€to€arrest€him.€Š ° ŠWhen€Szaroleta€advised€Defendant€that€Burrows€had€named€him€as€his€attacker,€DefendantŠ œģ Šresponded€that€he€had€never€been€to€Shelbyville€and€denied€purchasing€a€car€there.€€A€search€ofŠ ˆŲ ŠDefendantššs€car€and€residence€revealed€a€pair€of€pants€and€matching€jacket€stuffed€behind€the€washerŠ tÄ Šand€dryer€machines.€€The€jacket€bore€a€Heilig„Meyers€logo,€and€both€pieces€had€numerous€stainsŠ `° Šconsistent€with€the€appearance€of€blood.€€The€police€also€discovered€two€folding€knives,€a€bill€of€saleŠ L œ Šfor€the€Nissan€300€ZX€that€Defendant€had€purchased€from€Burrows,€and€additional€blood„like€stainsŠ 8 ˆ Šon€the€interior€surfaces€of€Defendantššs€car.€€Subsequent€DNA€analysis€by€the€Tennessee€Bureau€ofŠ $ t ŠInvestigation€crime€lab€in€Nashville€matched€the€stains€on€Defendantššs€uniform€pants€and€jacket€withŠ  ` Šthe€blood€of€the€victim,€Jerry€Burrows.€€The€blood€on€the€interior€of€the€Nissan€300€ZX€belonged€toŠ ü L  ŠDefendant.€€Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąMeanwhile,€Burrows€arrived€at€Vanderbilt€Hospital€in€Nashville€by€life€flight€helicopter.€€HeŠ Ą  Šwas€taken€directly€to€the€operating€room.€€Dr.€Ken€Richards,€a€fourth€year€resident€at€Vanderbilt,€Š ¬ü  Štestified€at€trial€that€Burrows€had€sustained€approximately€fifteen€stab€wounds€to€his€neck,€chest,€andŠ ˜č  Šback.€€Burrows€also€had€some€redness€and€skin€irritation€of€unknown€origin€on€his€face.€€BecauseŠ „Ō  Šone€of€the€stab€wounds€was€located€in€the€abdominal€region,€Burrows€was€required€to€undergo€anŠ pĄ Šš šexploratory€laparotomy.šš€€This€procedure€calls€for€an€incision€of€approximately€twelve€inches,€fromŠ \¬ Šthe€throat€to€the€belt€buckle,€which€divides€the€abdominal€wall€so€that€the€surgeon€may€examine€theŠ H˜ Švital€organs€for€damage.€€When€the€surgeons€performed€this€procedure€on€Burrows,€they€discoveredŠ 4„ Ša€two„centimeter€laceration€to€the€left€lobe€of€the€liver€which€was€š šactively€bleeding.šš€€TheŠ  p Šremainder€of€Burrowsšš€internal€organs€had€escaped€injury.€€After€his€liver€laceration€was€sutured,Š  \ Šthe€remainder€of€his€wounds€were€cleaned,€and€then€stapled€or€sutured€also.€€Dr.€Richards€testifiedŠ ųH Šthat€the€injury€to€Burrowsšš€liver€could€be€classified€as€€š špotentially€life„threatening,šš€but€he€couldŠ ä4 Šnot€say€for€certain€whether€Burrows€would€have€died€if€he€had€not€received€treatment€on€DecemberŠ Š  Š14,€1999.Š ¼  ŠĢą  ąAccording€to€Burrows,€the€victim,€the€assault€was€the€result€of€an€altercation€between€himselfŠ ”ä Šand€the€defendant,€Haison€Fields,€over€some€bad€checks€that€Defendant€wrote€him€in€payment€forŠ €Š Ša€vehicle,€i.e.,€the€pearl„white€Nissan€300€ZX€driven€by€Defendant€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€Š l¼ ŠBurrowsšš€relationship€with€Defendant€began€when€Defendant€advised€Burrows€that€he€was€interestedŠ X Ø Šin€purchasing€a€Nissan€he€had€observed€on€Burrowsšš€car€lot.€€Burrows€told€him€the€price€of€the€carŠ D!” Šand€informed€him€that€some€body€work€and€brake€repair€was€required€before€it€would€be€ready€forŠ 0"€  Šsale.€€Defendant€replied€that€he€wanted€to€buy€the€car€when€the€work€was€completed.€€The€body€workŠ #l! Štook€longer€to€complete€than€expected,€and€Defendant€called€Burrows€every€few€days€with€questionsŠ $X" Šabout€the€delivery€date.€€He€appeared€anxious€to€purchase€the€car.€€When€the€body€shop€returned€theŠ ō$D # Šcar€to€the€lot€on€November€17,€1999,€Defendant€told€Burrows€that€he€would€rather€fix€the€brakesŠ ą%0!$ Šhimself.€€He€gave€Burrows€a€check€in€the€amount€of€$9446,€the€purchase€price€of€the€car,€andŠ Ģ&"% ŠBurrows€gave€Defendant€the€vehicle€and€a€bill€of€sale.Š ø'#& ŠĢą  ą€A€few€days€later,€the€bank€called€Burrows€to€tell€him€that€Defendantššs€check€had€beenŠ )ą$( Šreturned€because€of€insufficient€funds€in€his€account.€€Burrows€asked€the€bank€to€š šrerunšš€the€check.€Š |*Ģ%) ŠHe€then€called€Defendant,€who€said€rerunning€the€check€was€a€good€idea€because€the€money€wasŠ h+ø&* Šthere.€€Burrowsšš€bank€called€him€again€a€few€days€later,€however,€to€tell€him€that€the€funds€inŠ ° ŠDefendantššs€bank€account€remained€insufficient€to€cover€his€check€and€they€could€not€process€it€aŠ œģ Šsecond€time.€€When€Burrows€informed€Defendant€that€his€check€had€been€returned€again,€DefendantŠ ˆŲ Šreplied€that€the€bank€must€have€š šlost€his€money.šš€€Burrows€asked€Defendant€to€bring€him€anotherŠ tÄ Šcheck,€and€Defendant€complied.€€The€second€check€was€also€deposited€twice,€however,€and€it€wasŠ `° Šreturned€both€times.€€Š L œ ŠĢą  ąAt€this€point,€Burrows€told€Defendant€that€he€would€prefer€a€cashierššs€check€in€lieu€of€a€thirdŠ $ t Špersonal€check.€€Defendant€asked€Burrows€to€give€him€a€day€or€two€to€solve€whatever€problem€theŠ  ` Šbank€was€having,€and€he€would€bring€Burrows€a€cashierššs€check.€€Having€received€no€word€for€a€fewŠ ü L  Šdays,€Burrows€again€called€Defendant.€€Defendant€claimed€that€he€would€bring€a€cashierššs€check€toŠ č 8  ŠBurrowsšš€office€the€next€day.€€When€Defendant€arrived,€he€was€patting€his€jacket€and€searching€theŠ Ō$  Špockets€as€if€he€had€lost€something.€€He€asked€to€borrow€Burrowsšš€phone€and€appeared€to€have€aŠ Ą  Šconversation€with€someone€during€which€he€asked€whether€a€white€envelope€could€be€observedŠ ¬ü  Šsitting€on€the€table.€€After€he€hung€up,€Defendant€informed€Burrows€that€he€had€inadvertently€leftŠ ˜č  Šthe€check€at€home€and€would€return€the€next€day.€€The€following€day,€an€employee€who€had€arrivedŠ „Ō  Šearly€found€a€note€from€Defendant€explaining€that€he€had€come€by€with€the€check€as€promised,€but,Š pĄ Šapparently,€he€missed€them.€€The€note€included€a€cell€number€to€call,€but,€Burrows€was€informed€thatŠ \¬ Šno€such€number€existed€when€he€tried€to€call€it.€€Thereafter,€Burrows€called€someone€at€Heilig„Š H˜ ŠMeyers€who€gave€him€the€correct€number€for€Defendantššs€cell€phone.€€When€he€finally€reachedŠ 4„ ŠDefendant,€Defendant€promised€to€come€by€the€car€lot€at€approximately€2:00€p.m.€that€day€with€theŠ  p Šcheck.€€Shortly€after€3:00€p.m.,€Burrows€saw€Defendant€pull€into€the€opposite€end€of€the€car€lotŠ  \ Šdriving€the€Nissan€300€SX.€€However,€Defendant€and€the€Nissan€were€gone€by€the€time€he€got€there.€Š ųH ŠA€bystander€informed€him€that€Defendant€had€driven€through€the€lot€and€left.€€Burrows€calledŠ ä4 ŠDefendant€again,€asking€for€his€check,€and€Defendant€again€said€that€he€would€bring€it€over.€€Š Š  ŠĢą  ąAs€Burrows€was€preparing€to€go€home€later€that€day,€Defendant€drove€up€in€the€Nissan€andŠ Øų Šgot€out€of€the€car.€€Burrows€assumed€that€Defendant€was€there€to€give€him€his€long„expectedŠ ”ä Šcashierššs€check.€€Burrows€headed€for€his€office€and€Defendant€followed€him.€€Burrows€askedŠ €Š ŠDefendant€whether€he€brought€the€cashierššs€check€and€Defendant€replied€affirmatively,€but€said€thatŠ l¼ Šhe€would€give€it€to€him€only€if€Burrows€could€return€his€two€bad€checks.€€Burrows€said€that€he€onlyŠ X Ø Špossessed€the€first€check„„the€bank€still€held€the€other.€€However,€Defendant€said€that€he€wanted€bothŠ D!” Šof€them€š šnow.šš€€Burrows€asked€again€whether€Defendant€brought€the€cashierššs€check,€and€DefendantŠ 0"€  Šsaid,€š šYeah,€Iššve€got€itšš€and€held€up€an€envelope.€€Burrows€wanted€to€see€it,€but€Defendant€restatedŠ #l! Šthat€he€wanted€to€see€his€two€checks€first.€€Burrows€reiterated€that€the€second€check€was€still€at€theŠ $X" Šbank,€and€then€he€picked€up€his€telephone€to€call€the€bank€and€find€out€whether€anyone€was€workingŠ ō$D # Šlate€who€could€help€him.€€As€Burrows€began€to€dial,€Defendant€jerked€the€telephone€from€his€handŠ ą%0!$ Šand€said,€š šDonššt€you€call€the€law€on€me.šš€€Burrows€informed€Defendant€that€he€was€merely€tryingŠ Ģ&"% Što€reach€the€bank€to€get€the€second€check.€€At€this€point,€Burrows€could€sense€hostility€fromŠ ø'#& ŠDefendant€and€felt€that€š šsomething€was€wrong.šš€€Burrows€claimed€that€Defendant€had€been€š šniceššŠ ¤(ō#' Šand€not€exhibited€any€hostility€prior€to€that€moment.€€Since€Defendant€would€not€let€him€call€theŠ )ą$( Šbank€and€nothing€else€could€be€done,€Burrows€asked€Defendant€to€return€the€next€day.€€DefendantŠ |*Ģ%) Šreplied€that€this€was€not€possible€because€he€had€to€work.€€Burrows€offered€to€send€someone€toŠ h+ø&* ŠHeilig„Meyers€with€Defendantššs€check,€who€could€also€pick€up€the€cashierššs€check,€but€DefendantŠ ° Šseemed€to€find€this€plan€unsatisfactory.Š œģ ŠĢą  ąDefendant€responded€to€Burrowsšš€offer€by€stating,€š šI€have€had€all€I€can€take€today,šš€orŠ tÄ Šsomething€similar,€and€then€sprayed€Burrowsšš€face€with€a€substance€that€burned€his€skin€and€blindedŠ `° Šhis€eyes.€€Burrows€was€on€the€other€side€of€his€desk€at€the€time.€€Defendant€started€moving€towardŠ L œ Šhim,€stating€he€intended€to€kill€him.€€Burrows€pleaded€with€Defendant€to€stop„„he€told€Defendant€thatŠ 8 ˆ Šhe€would€ņņgiveóó€him€the€car„„but€Defendant€knocked€him€into€the€filing€cabinets€and€began€to€stabŠ $ t Šhim.€€Burrows€started€bleeding€everywhere.€€He€fought€with€Defendant€and€wrested€the€knife€fromŠ  ` Šhim€at€some€point,€but€it€was€slippery€with€blood€and€flew€out€of€his€hand.€€Burrows€made€it€to€theŠ ü L  Šdoor€and€opened€it€once,€but€Defendant€kicked€it€closed€and€told€him€he€was€š šgoing€to€die.šš€€ThenŠ č 8  ŠDefendant€slashed€his€throat€twice,€and€Burrows€fell€to€the€floor€in€front€of€the€television.€€DefendantŠ Ō$  Špicked€up€the€television€and€threw€it€on€top€of€him.€€Burrows€grabbed€Defendant€by€the€throat,Š Ą  Šsqueezed€as€hard€as€he€could,€and€then€passed€out.€€When€he€awoke,€he€was€laying€on€the€floor€ofŠ ¬ü  Šhis€reception€room.€€Defendant€was€laying€unconscious€beside€him.€€Burrows€got€up€and€headed€forŠ ˜č  Šthe€street€as€fast€as€he€could.€€The€vehicle€nearest€to€him€was€a€van;€it€was€waiting€at€the€light€andŠ „Ō  Ša€little€girl€was€sitting€in€the€passenger€seat.€€Burrows€ran€to€the€window€and€the€girl€started€toŠ pĄ Šscream.€€Burrows€knew€he€had€blood€all€over€him€and€that€he€was€getting€it€all€over€the€van€too.€€HeŠ \¬ Šremembers€telling€the€occupants€of€the€van€that€he€needed€help€and€then€crumpling€onto€theŠ H˜ Šsidewalk.€€Š 4„ ŠĢą  ąWhen€he€regained€consciousness,€people€were€everywhere.€€Burrows€recalled€giving€someŠ  \ Špeople€names€of€other€people€to€contact,€and€then€he€blacked€out€again.€€When€he€regainedŠ ųH Šconsciousness€the€second€time,€Officer€Rogers€was€bent€over€him€asking€š šwho€did€this,šš€and€heŠ ä4 Šnamed€Defendant€as€his€attacker.€€The€next€thing€Burrows€recalled€was€waking€up€in€the€recoveryŠ Š  Šroom€at€Vanderbilt€Hospital.€€Burrows€did€not€recall€the€precise€time€that€the€stabbing€incidentŠ ¼  Šoccurred,€but€estimated€that€it€was€between€5:30€and€6:00€p.m.€on€December€14,€1999.€€He€claimedŠ Øų Šthat€he€was€not€angry€with€Defendant€on€that€day€and€that€he€had€said€no€harsh€words€to€DefendantŠ ”ä Šduring€their€meeting.€€He€only€wanted€his€money.Š €Š ŠĢą  ąA€few€days€after€Burrows€was€stabbed,€Clyde€Bush,€one€of€the€employees€at€the€car€lot,€drewŠ X Ø Šthe€attention€of€the€police€to€the€presence€of€a€brand€new€can€of€Easy€Off€oven€cleaner€in€BurrowsššŠ D!” Šoffice.€€Bush€recalled€observing€the€lid€to€the€can€laying€in€the€customer€parking€area€near€the€officeŠ 0"€  Šwhen€he€returned€to€work€to€talk€with€the€investigating€officers€about€the€attack€on€his€employer,Š #l! Šshortly€after€the€stabbing.€€He€had€noticed€the€can€of€oven€cleaner€on€Burrowsšš€desk€at€that€time,€andŠ $X" Šrecalled€that€it€had€not€been€there€before€the€stabbing€incident.€€Š ō$D # ŠĢą  ąThe€TBI€crime€lab€analyzed€the€can€and€cap€for€latent€fingerprints,€but€was€able€to€recoverŠ Ģ&"% Šonly€one.€€Oakley€McKinney,€a€forensic€fingerprint€expert€who€worked€at€the€TBI€crime€lab,€testifiedŠ ø'#& Šat€trial€that€although€he€was€unable€to€identify€the€owner€of€the€fingerprint,€he€was€certain€that€it€didŠ ¤(ō#' Šnot€belong€to€Defendant.€€On€cross„examination,€McKinney€further€testified€that€the€failure€to€findŠ )ą$( Šany€of€Defendantššs€fingerprints€on€the€can€or€cap€was€not€conclusive€evidence€regarding€whether€heŠ |*Ģ%) Šhad€actually€touched€either€object.€€Latent€fingerprints€may€last€indefinitely€or€can€dissipate€instantly,Š h+ø&* Šdepending€on€ambient€moisture€and€other€factors.€€Further,€latent€fingerprints€are€generally€fragile;Š ° Štime,€temperature,€and€friction,€e.g.,€someone€handling€the€can€or€cap€afterward,€would€affect€theŠ œģ Šability€of€the€crime€lab€to€recover€identifiable€fingerprints€from€the€objects.Š ˆŲ ŠĢą  ąDefendant€chose€not€to€testify€at€trial,€but€presented€an€alibi€defense€based€on€the€testimonyŠ `° Šof€various€witnesses€who€stated€that€they€had€observed€him€in€Tullahoma€near€the€time€of€the€crime.€Š L œ ŠWilliam€Young,€an€employee€at€the€Heilig„Meyers€warehouse€in€Tullahoma€where€DefendantŠ 8 ˆ Šworked€as€the€warehouse€manager,€testified€at€trial€that€Defendant€was€still€at€work€at€5:30€p.m.€onŠ $ t Šthe€day€the€crime€was€committed.€€On€cross„examination,€Young€admitted€that€he€was€uncertain€ofŠ  ` Šthe€timeš!šhe€may€have€last€seen€Defendant€as€early€as€5:00€p.m.€€Bonnie€George,€the€assistantŠ ü L  Šmanager€for€the€Tullahoma€office,€testified€that€Defendant€was€still€at€work€between€5:30€and€5:45Š č 8  Šp.m.€€Maureen€Brown,€the€credit€manager€for€Helig„Meyers,€testified€that€she€came€by€the€warehouseŠ Ō$  Što€pick€up€furniture€and€noticed€Defendant€driving€away€at€approximately€5:50€p.m.€€StephanieŠ Ą  ŠUselton,€an€acquaintance€of€the€Defendant,€testified€that€she€saw€Defendant€between€5:30€and€5:45Š ¬ü  Šp.m.€while€driving€down€the€road€to€her€residence€in€Tullahoma.€€She€claimed€that€he€had€his€workŠ ˜č  Šuniform€on€at€that€time€and€that€they€spoke€for€approximately€five€minutes.€€Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ąShona€Poe,€an€employee€of€the€Texaco€gas€station€in€Tullahoma,€testified€that€DefendantŠ \¬ Šcame€into€the€Texaco€station€in€his€Nissan€300€SX€a€little€after€6:00€p.m.€on€December€14,€1999,€andŠ H˜ Šleft€at€6:10€or€6:11€p.m.€€The€gas€station€receipt€discovered€in€the€glove€box€of€Defendantššs€carŠ 4„ Šduring€a€search€by€police€officers€showed€the€time€Defendant€was€allegedly€at€the€Texaco€station€asŠ  p Šbeing€6:04€p.m.,€but€the€receipt€also€showed€the€customerššs€name€to€be€J.€Hodgkin€and€the€vehicleŠ  \ Šas€a€Ford€150€truck.€€Poe€admitted€that€she€did€not€know€Defendantššs€name.€€However,€she€claimedŠ ųH Što€specifically€recall€that€Defendant€used€the€credit€card€on€December€14,€1999,€because€she€alwaysŠ ä4 Šchatted€with€him€when€he€came€in.€€Poe€further€testified€that€she€never€questions€the€patrons€of€theŠ Š  Šgas€station€who€use€company€credit€cards€to€put€gas€in€their€personal€vehicles,€and€she€did€not€knowŠ ¼  Šwhether€the€clock€which€controlled€the€time/date€stamp€was€correct.€€According€to€the€testimony€ofŠ Øų ŠJason€Williams,€one€of€the€police€officers€who€searched€Defendantššs€residence,€the€distance€betweenŠ ”ä Šthe€Wal„Mart€in€Tullahoma€and€Jeremyššs€Car€Corral€in€Shelbyville€can€be€traveled€in€thirteenŠ €Š Šminutes€and€thirty„six€seconds,€if€one€drives€the€speed€limit.Š l¼ ŠĢą  ąAt€the€conclusion€of€proof€at€trial,€the€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€on€attempted€first€degreeŠ D!” Šmurder€and€the€lesser„included€offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€The€jury€foundŠ 0"€  ŠDefendant€guilty€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€At€his€sentencing€hearing,€Defendant€denied€anyŠ #l! Šknowledge€regarding€how€his€blood„stained€work€clothing€became€lodged€behind€his€washer€andŠ $X" Šdryer€machines.€€He€also€claimed€to€feel€no€remorse€for€the€crime€because€he€did€not€commit€it.€Š ō$D # ŠDefendant€admitted€that€the€information€related€by€Burrows€was€true,€including€the€episodesŠ ą%0!$ Šregarding€the€bad€checks,€with€the€exception€of€Burrowsšš€rendition€of€the€events€of€December€14,Š Ģ&"% Š1999.€€Defendant€also€testified€that€he€only€went€to€see€Burrows€at€the€car€lot€one€time.€€Š ø'#& ŠĢĢĢŠ h+ø&* Šņ ņą@ņņ&ģąANALYSISó óˆŠ ° ŠĢņ ņI.€€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óŠ ˆŲ ŠĢą  ąDefendant€contends€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€sustain€hisŠ `° Šconviction€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€We€disagree.Š L œ ŠĢą  ąWhen€evidentiary€sufficiency€is€questioned€on€appeal,€the€standard€of€review€is€whether,€afterŠ $ t Šconsidering€all€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldŠ  ` Šhave€found€all€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€ņņJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,Š ü L  Š443€U.S.€307,€318-319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979);€ņņState€v.€Hallóó,€8€S.W.3d€593,Š č 8  Š599€(Tenn.€1999);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€This€rule€applies€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€directŠ Ō$  Ševidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€ņņState€v.Š Ą  ŠDykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).Š ¬ü  ŠĢą  ą€In€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€will€not€reweigh€the€evidence€orŠ „Ō  Šsubstitute€our€own€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€ņņState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,Š pĄ Š835€(Tenn.1978);€ņņLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(1956).€€€Instead,€onŠ \¬ Šappeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€to€all€reasonable€andŠ H˜ Šlegitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€ņņHallóó,€8€S.W.3d€at€599.€€A€guilty€verdict€by€aŠ 4„ Šjury,€approved€by€the€trial€court,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolvesŠ  p Šall€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€prosecutionššs€theory,€€effectively€removing€the€presumption€of€innocenceŠ  \ Šand€replacing€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt.€€ņņSeeóó€€ņņState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€659€(Tenn.€1997).€Š ųH ŠQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€evidence,€as€well€as€allŠ ä4 Šfactual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€are€matters€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€ņņStateŠ Š  Šv.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€659€(Tenn.€1997).€€The€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€demonstrating€thatŠ ¼  Šthe€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€or€her€conviction.€€ņņState€v.€Pikeóó,€978€S.W.2d€904,€914Š Øų Š(Tenn.1998);€ņņState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€Š ”ä ŠĢą  ąAs€relevant€here,€the€definition€of€first€degree€murder€is€š š[a]€premeditated€and€intentionalŠ l¼ Škilling€of€another.šš€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39-13-202(a)(1).€€Premeditation€requires€proof€of€š šaŠ X Ø Špreviously€formed€design€or€intent€to€kill,šš€ņņState€v.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144,€147€(Tenn.€1992)Š D!” Š(citations€omitted),€and€that€the€act€be€done€š šafter€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.šš€€Tenn.Š 0"€  ŠCode€Ann.€šš€39-13-202(d).€€This€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formed€prior€to€the€actŠ #l! Šitself.šš€€ņņId.óó€€To€be€guilty€of€first€degree€murder,€the€accused€must€be€š šsufficiently€free€fromŠ $X" Šexcitement€and€passion€as€to€be€capable€of€premeditation.šš€€ņņId.óó€€A€homicide,€once€proven,€isŠ ō$D # Špresumed€to€be€second€degree€murder,€and€the€state€has€the€burden€of€proving€premeditation€to€raiseŠ ą%0!$ Šthe€offense€to€first€degree€murder.€€ņņState€v.€Nesbitóó,€978€S.W.2d€872,€898€(Tenn.€1998).Š Ģ&"% ŠĢą  ąAlthough€the€jury€may€not€engage€in€speculation,€it€may€infer€premeditation€from€the€mannerŠ ¤(ō#' Šand€circumstances€of€the€killing.€€ņņState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€660€(Tenn.€1997);€ņņState€v.€Bordisóó,Š )ą$( Š905€S.W.2d€214,€222€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Our€Supreme€Court€delineated€severalŠ |*Ģ%) Šcircumstances€that€may€support€the€existence€of€premeditation,€including€the€use€of€a€deadly€weaponŠ h+ø&* ŠŃ OY Ńā  āѰ°Ńā  āŃ  Ńupon€an€unarmed€victim,€the€fact€that€the€killing€was€particularly€cruel,€declarations€of€the€intent€toŠ ° Škill€the€victim€by€the€defendant,€the€making€of€preparations€before€the€killing€for€the€purpose€ofŠ œģ Šconcealing€the€crime,€and€calmness€immediately€after€the€killing.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņBlandóó,€958€S.W.2d€at€660.Š ˆŲ ŠĢą  ą€Guilt€for€an€attempted€offense€is€proven€when€the€evidence€establishes€that€Š `° ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °ŅA€person€.€.€.€acting€with€the€kind€of€culpability€otherwise€required€forŠ 8 ˆ Šthe€offense:Š $ t ŠĢ€€€€€(1)€Intentionally€engages€in€action€or€causes€a€result€that€wouldŠ ü L  Šconstitute€an€offense€if€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€conductŠ č 8  Šwere€as€the€person€believes€them€to€be;Š Ō$  ŠĢ€€€€€(2)€Acts€with€intent€to€cause€a€result€that€is€an€element€of€theŠ ¬ü  Šoffense,€and€believes€the€conduct€will€cause€the€result€without€furtherŠ ˜č  Šconduct€on€the€personššs€part;€€orŠ „Ō  ŠĢ€€€€€(3)€Acts€with€intent€to€complete€the€course€of€action€or€cause€aŠ \¬ Šresult€that€would€constitute€the€offense,€under€the€circumstancesŠ H˜ Šsurrounding€the€conduct€as€the€person€believes€them€to€be,€and€theŠ 4„ Šconduct€constitutes€a€substantial€step€toward€the€commission€of€theŠ  p Šoffense.€€Š  \ ŠĢҰ` ŅҰ` ŅTenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39-12-101(a)€(1997).Š ä4 ŠĢą  ąHere,€the€evidence€proving€that€Defendant€was€the€person€who€attacked€Burrows€isŠ ¼  Šoverwhelming.€€The€victim€positively€identified€Defendant€as€his€assailant,€and€DNA€analysis€provedŠ Øų Šthat€the€blood€stains€on€Defendantššs€pants€and€jacket€matched€that€of€the€victim.€€Despite€testimonyŠ ”ä Špresented€by€various€witnesses€which€suggested€that€Defendant€could€not€have€committed€the€crimeŠ €Š Šbecause€he€was€in€Tullahoma€at€the€time€it€occurred,€the€jury€chose€to€resolve€the€resulting€conflictŠ l¼ Šin€favor€of€the€State.€€Š X Ø ŠĢą  ąAs€previously€stated,€a€jury€may€infer€premeditation€from€the€manner€and€circumstances€ofŠ 0"€  Šthe€killing,€including€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim,€the€fact€that€the€killingŠ #l! Šwas€particularly€cruel,€declarations€of€the€intent€to€kill€the€victim€by€the€defendant,€and€calmnessŠ $X" Šimmediately€after€the€killing.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņBlandóó,€958€S.W.2d€at€660.€€Because€proof€of€three€of€these€fourŠ ō$D # Šcircumstances€was€presented,€an€inference€of€premeditation€is€permissible.€€Defendantššs€knife€wasŠ ą%0!$ Ša€deadly€weapon;€Burrows€was€unarmed;€Defendantššs€conduct€could€easily€be€deemed€š šparticularlyŠ Ģ&"% Šcruelšš;€and,€Defendant€declared€his€intent€to€kill€the€victim€more€than€once.€Š ø'#& ŠĢą  ąThe€substance€of€Defendantššs€argument€is€that€the€verdict€cannot€be€sustained€becauseŠ )ą$( Šconflicting€evidence€was€presented€by€the€State€and€Defendant.€€On€appeal,€this€Court€will€notŠ |*Ģ%) Šreassess€or€reevaluate€the€evidence€or€overturn€the€juryššs€determination€on€issues€concerning€theŠ h+ø&* Šcredibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€evidence,€or€any€factual€issues€raised€by€the€proof.€Š ° ŠņņCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€This€includes€the€testimony€of€alibi€witnesses.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņForbes€v.€Stateóó,Š œģ Š559€S.W.2d€318,€324€(Tenn.€1977)€(credibility€of€alibi€witnesses€and€the€weight€given€theirŠ ˆŲ Štestimony€are€determined€exclusively€by€the€jury).€€Upon€viewing€all€of€the€evidence€in€the€lightŠ tÄ Šmost€favorable€to€the€State,€we€find€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€sufficient€to€establishŠ `° Šbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€Defendant€was€the€person€who€intentionally€and€with€premeditationŠ L œ Šattempted€to€kill€Burrows€on€December€14,€1999.€€Defendant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€on€this€issue.Š 8 ˆ ŠĢņ ņII.€€Failure€to€Instruct€on€Lesser„Included€Offensesó óŠ  ` ŠĢą  ąDefendant€also€contends€that€the€jury€did€not€receive€instructions€on€the€lesser„includedŠ č 8  Šoffenses€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€that€were€appropriate€in€his€case,€namely,€attemptedŠ Ō$  Švoluntary€manslaughter,€aggravated€assault,€simple€assault,€and€reckless€endangerment.€€DefendantŠ Ą  Šargues€that€under€the€United€States€Constitution€and€ņņState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.2d€453€(Tenn.€1999),€heŠ ¬ü  Šhas€a€constitutional€right€to€complete€and€accurate€instructions€on€the€law€of€the€offense€charged€andŠ ˜č  Šthe€trial€court€erred€by€not€fulfilling€its€duty€in€that€regard.€€Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ą€The€question€whether€a€given€offense€should€have€been€submitted€to€the€jury€as€aŠ \¬ Šlesser-included€offense€is€a€mixed€question€of€law€and€fact.€€ņņState€v.€Guy€William€Rushóó,€___€S.W.3dŠ H˜ Š___,€No.€E1998-00592-SC-R11-CD,€2001€WL€334297€at€*2€(Tenn.€Amended€July€25,€2001)€(citingŠ 4„ ŠņņState€v.€Smileyóó,€38€S.W.3d€521€(Tenn.€2001)).€€Thus,€the€standard€of€review€is€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€without€aŠ  p Špresumption€of€correctness.€€ņņId.ó󀀩  \ ŠĢą  ąDefendant€is€correct€in€his€assertion€that,€in€criminal€prosecutions,€the€accused€has€a€rightŠ ä4 Što€fair€and€reasonable€notice€of€the€charges€against€him.€€U.S.€Const.€amend.€VI;€Tenn.€Const.€art.Š Š  ŠI,€šš€9.€€This€right€to€notice€assures€the€accused€that€he€or€she€may€only€be€convicted€of€a€crime€whichŠ ¼  Šis€raised€by€the€indictment€or€a€lesser-included€offense€thereof.€€ņņRushóó,€2001€WL€334297€at€*2.€€ņņóóAŠ Øų Štrial€court€must€instruct€the€jury€on€all€lesser-included€offenses€if€the€evidence€introduced€at€trial€isŠ ”ä Šlegally€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€the€lesser€offense.€€ņņState€v.€Langfordóó,€994€S.W.2d€126,Š €Š Š128€(Tenn.€1999).€€This€duty€applies€š šwhether€or€not€a€defendant€requests€such€an€instruction.šš€€ņņStateŠ l¼ Šv.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€464€(Tenn.1999).Š X Ø ŠĢą  ąAt€the€conclusion€of€proof€at€trial,€Defendant€requested€that€the€trial€court€give€the€juryŠ 0"€  Šinstructions€on€attempted€second€degree€murder,€attempted€voluntary€manslaughter,€and€aggravatedŠ #l! Šassault€as€lesser„included€offenses.€€The€trial€court€denied€Defendantššs€request,€in€part,€instructingŠ $X" Šthe€jury€on€only€the€lesser„included€offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder,€in€addition€to€theŠ ō$D # Šcharged€offense€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€Although€the€trial€court€failed€to€include€in€itsŠ ą%0!$ Šinstructions€various€well„settled€lesser„included€offenses€of€the€charged€offense,€under€ņņBurnsóó,€theŠ Ģ&"% Štrial€court€is€not€required€to€instruct€the€jury€on€lesser€offenses€unless€it€has€also€determined€that€(1)Š ø'#& Ševidence€exists€that€reasonable€minds€could€accept€as€to€the€lesser€charge€and€(2)€such€evidence€isŠ ¤(ō#' Šlegally€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction.€€ņņId.óó€at€466„67.€€We€need€not€make€this€determination,Š )ą$( Šā āhowever,€based€on€our€supreme€courtššs€decisions€in€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€977€S.W.2d€101€(Tenn.Š |*Ģ%) Š1998),€andņņóó€ņņState€v.€Bowlesóó,€___€S.W.3d€___,€No.€M1997„00092„SC„R11„CD,€slip€op.€(Tenn.€JulyŠ ° Š31,€2001).€€Š œģ Šā āĢą  ąIn€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€first€degree€premeditated€murder.€€TheŠ tÄ Štrial€court€refused€the€defendantššs€request€to€instruct€the€jury€on€voluntary€manslaughter€as€a€lesser„Š `° Šincluded€offense,€but€did€instruct€the€jury€on€second€degree€murder€and€reckless€homicide.€Š L œ ŠņņWilliamsóó,€977€S.W.2d€at€104.€€Holding€that€the€trial€courtššs€failure€to€instruct€on€voluntaryŠ 8 ˆ Šmanslaughter€was€harmless,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€drew€the€following€conclusion:Š $ t ŠĢҰŅҰŅ[B]y€finding€the€defendant€guilty€of€the€highest€offense€to€the€exclusion€of€theŠ ü L  Šimmediately€lesser€offense,€second€degree€murder,€the€jury€necessarily€rejected€allŠ č 8  Šother€lesser€offenses,€including€voluntary€manslaughter.€€Accordingly,ņņ€the€trialŠ Ō$  Šcourtššs€erroneous€failure€to€charge€voluntary€manslaughter€is€harmless€beyond€aŠ Ą  Šreasonable€doubt€because€the€juryššs€verdict€of€guilty€on€the€greater€offense€of€firstŠ ¬ü  Šdegree€murder€and€its€disinclination€to€consider€the€lesser€included€offense€of€secondŠ ˜č  Šdegree€murder€clearly€demonstrates€that€it€certainly€would€not€have€returned€aŠ „Ō  Šverdict€on€voluntary€manslaughteróó.Š pĄ ŠĢҰŅҰŅņņId.óó€at€106€(emphasis€added).€€This€holding€was€restated€by€the€supreme€court€in€ņņBowlesóó,€a€case€inŠ H˜ Šwhich€the€defendant€appealed€his€conviction€of€aggravated€rape.€€The€ņņBowlesóó€court€found€the€trialŠ 4„ Šcourtššs€failure€to€charge€the€jury€on€the€lesser„included€offense€of€sexual€battery€to€be€harmless€errorŠ  p Šbecause€the€jury€was€instructed€on€the€lesser€offenses€of€rape€and€aggravated€sexual€battery€butŠ  \ Šdetermined€that€aggravated€rape€was€the€appropriate€charge€supported€by€the€evidence.€€ņņBowlesóó,€slipŠ ųH Šop.€at€9;€ņņbut€seeóó€ņņState€v.€Elyóó,€___€S.W.3d€___,€No.€E1998„00099„SC„R11„CD,€slip€op.€(Tenn.€JuneŠ ä4 Š5,€2001)€(declining€to€hold€that€failure€to€give€lesser„included€offense€instructions€was€harmless€inŠ Š  Šthat€case€where€the€jury€was€not€given€an€option€to€convict€on€any€lesser€offense).Š ¼  ŠĢą  ąUnder€ņņWilliamsóó€and€ņņBowlesóó,€a€similar€result€is€warranted€in€Defendantššs€case.€€DefendantŠ ”ä Šwas€charged€with€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€The€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€the€chargedŠ €Š Šoffense€and€on€the€lesser„included€offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder,€instructing€the€juryŠ l¼ Šthat€if€it€determined€€Defendant€was€not€guilty€of€attempted€first€degree€murder,€it€should€considerŠ X Ø Šthe€lesser„offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€Nevertheless,€the€jury€returned€a€verdict€ofŠ D!” Šguilty€as€to€the€greater€offense.€€Under€ņņWilliamsóó€and€ņņBowlesóó,€we€conclude€that€by€finding€DefendantŠ 0"€  Šguilty€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€in€lieu€of€attempted€second€degree€murder,€the€juryŠ #l! Šnecessarily€weighed€the€evidence€and€determined€that€attempted€first€degree€murder€was€the€mostŠ $X" Šappropriate€charge€supported€by€the€evidence.€€€Under€the€circumstances,€we€also€find€beyond€aŠ ō$D # Šreasonable€doubt€that€the€result€would€have€been€the€same€even€if€the€jury€had€received€DefendantššsŠ ą%0!$ Šproposed€instructions€and,€thusņņóó,€the€trial€courtššs€failure€to€charge€the€jury€on€further€lesser„includedŠ Ģ&"% Šoffenses,€if€error,€was€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€ņņSee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b);€Tenn.Š ø'#& ŠR.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€€Defendant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€on€this€issue.Š ¤(ō#' ŠĢĢŠ h+ø&* Šņ ņIII.€€Sentencingó óŠ ° ŠĢą  ąDefendant€contends€on€appeal€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€properly€consider€his€work€historyŠ ˆŲ Šas€a€mitigating€factor€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„113(13)€when€it€determined€DefendantššsŠ tÄ Šsentence.€€Defendant€asserts€that,€because€the€trial€court€erroneously€believed€that€proper€applicationŠ `° Šof€mitigating€factor€40„35„113(13)€required€š šexceptionalšš€circumstances€which€it€determined€wereŠ L œ Šnot€satisfied€by€Defendantššs€history€of€gainful€employment,€his€maximum€sentence€of€twenty„fiveŠ 8 ˆ Šyears€is€excessive.€We€disagree.Š $ t ŠĢą  ąAppellate€review€of€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence€is€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó.€€Tenn.Š ü L  ŠCode.€Ann.€šš€40-35-401(d)€(1997).€€In€conducting€its€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€review,€this€Court€considers€theŠ č 8  Šfollowing€factors:€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€theŠ Ō$  Špre-sentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)Š Ą  Šthe€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(5)€evidence€and€information€offeredŠ ¬ü  Šby€the€parties€on€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors;€(6)€any€statement€by€the€defendant€in€his€ownŠ ˜č  Šbehalf;€and€(7)€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€šš€40-35-102,€-103,Š „Ō  Š-210€(1997);€ņņsee€alsoóó€ņņState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€168€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€burden€is€upon€theŠ pĄ Šdefendant€to€demonstrate€the€impropriety€of€his€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€šš€40-35-401,Š \¬ ŠSentencing€Commission€Comments.€€Moreover,€if€the€record€reveals€that€the€trial€court€adequatelyŠ H˜ Šconsidered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances,€this€court€will€accordŠ 4„ Šthe€trial€courtššs€determinations€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€ņņId.ó󀚚€40-35-401(d);€ņņAshbyóó,€823Š  p ŠS.W.2d€at€169.€€Here,€the€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€basically€complied€with€sentencingŠ  \ Šprinciples€and€considered€the€relevant€facts€and€circumstances€but€incorrectly€applied€oneŠ ųH Šenhancement€factor.€€Therefore,€our€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€review€is€conducted€with€a€presumption€of€correctnessŠ ä4 Šexcept€as€to€the€length€of€Defendantššs€sentence.Š Š  ŠĢą  ąAs€a€preliminary€matter,€we€note€that€Defendantššs€allegation€of€error€by€the€trial€court€isŠ Øų Šgenerally€unsupported€by€facts€or€law€in€his€brief.€€Defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€whenŠ ”ä Šit€failed€to€give€his€work€history€significant€weight,€but€offers€no€argument€as€to€why€his€workŠ €Š Šhistory€should€be€considered€extraordinary€and€fails€to€cite€any€legal€authority€to€support€hisŠ l¼ Šcontention.€€Defendant€merely€quotes€the€statutory€language€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionŠ X Ø Š40„35„113(13),€which€states€that€mitigating€factors€may€include€š šany€other€factor€consistent€with€theŠ D!” Špurposes€of€this€chapter,šš€and€asserts€that€a€more€appropriate€sentence€would€be€twenty€years,€theŠ 0"€  Šmidpoint€in€the€range.€€We€may€treat€issues€unsupported€by€argument,€citation€to€authorities,€orŠ #l! Šappropriate€references€to€the€record€as€waived.€€Crim.€App.€Ct.€R.€10.€€Notwithstanding,€we€shallŠ $X" Šbriefly€address€Defendantššs€contention.Š ō$D # ŠĢą  ąIt€is€well„settled€that€the€weight€to€be€afforded€sentencing€factors€is€left€to€the€trial€courtššsŠ Ģ&"% Šdiscretion€so€long€as€it€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€andŠ ø'#& Šits€findings€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40-35-210,€SentencingŠ ¤(ō#' ŠCommission€Comments;€ņņState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€237€(Tenn.€1986);€ņņseeóó€ņņState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823Š )ą$( Šā āS.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€After€a€review€of€the€record€and€applicable€law,€we€conclude€thatŠ |*Ģ%) Šthe€trial€court€properly€declined€to€afford€any€significant€weight€to€the€mitigating€factor€asserted€byŠ ° ŠDefendant.€Š œģ Šā āĢą  ąIn€its€brief,€the€State€points€out€that€this€Court€has€previously€considered€the€appropriateŠ tÄ Šweight€to€be€given€a€steady€work€history€and€determined€that€š ševery€citizen€is€expected€to€have€aŠ `° Šstable€work€history€if€the€economy€permits€the€citizen€to€work,€the€citizen€is€not€disabled,€or€theŠ L œ Šcitizen€is€not€independently€wealthy.šš€€ņņState€v.€Clayton€Eugene€Turneróó,€No.€03C01-9805-CR-00176,Š 8 ˆ Š1999€WL€817690€at€*16,€Sullivan€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€October€6,€1999)€ņņperm.Š $ t Što€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€April€2000)€(citing€ņņState€v.€Curryóó,€No.€02C01-9711-CR-00452,€1998€WLŠ  ` Š376353,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€July€8,€1998),€ņņperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó€€(Tenn.€Dec.1998)).€Š ü L  ŠHere,€the€trial€court€similarly€observed€that€š šmerely€doing€those€things€which€society€expects€of€youŠ č 8  Šis€not€exceptionalšš€and€that€Defendantššs€gainful€employment€did€not€warrant€a€reduction€in€hisŠ Ō$  Šsentence.€€We€agree,€finding€that€Defendantššs€history€of€consistent€and€gainful€employment€in€noŠ Ą  Šway€mitigated€his€vicious€assault€on€the€victim€in€this€case.Š ¬ü  ŠĢą  ąAlthough€not€directly€challenged€by€Defendant,€our€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€review€includes€the€trial€courtššsŠ „Ō  Šapplication€of€enhancement€factors€(1),€(8),€(9),€(13),€and€(19)€to€determine€whether€DefendantššsŠ pĄ Šsentence€is€excessive.€€Consequently,€we€find€factors€(1),€(8),€(9),€and€(13)€are€appropriate€butŠ \¬ Šenhancement€factor€(19)€is€inapplicable.€€Enhancement€factor€(19)€requires€that€the€court€to€find€thatŠ H˜ Šš šthe€lack€of€immediate€medical€treatment€would€have€probably€resulted€in€the€death€of€the€victimŠ 4„ Šunder€šš€39-15-402.šš€ņņId.ó󀚚€40„35„114(19).€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„15„402€is€theŠ  p Šstatute€for€the€offense€of€aggravated€child€abuse.€€For€this€reason,€enhancement€factor€(19)€clearlyŠ  \ Šhas€no€application€to€this€case.Š ųH ŠĢą  ąIn€sum,€because€we€find€that€the€trial€court€properly€refused€to€apply€the€proposed€mitigatingŠ Š  Šfactor€and€the€facts€in€the€record€support€the€application€of€at€least€four€enhancement€factors,Š ¼  ŠDefendantššs€sentence€of€twenty„five€years€is€appropriate€under€the€circumstances€presented€here.€Š Øų ŠĢą@FF%ģąņ ņCONCLUSIONó óˆŠ €Š ŠĢą  ąFor€the€above€reasons,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.Š X Ø ŠĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ą____________________________________Š #l! Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGE