WPC. dC0'\"#_z4`6.XǑ%&xm39,lON2%ÓU54숊u^L8UXIDKx!ٽI2mk[hVk7U{+ǓA~TTuF "ABQ BrJҷĐo=00{{-uד,;jTab*l^y3I迿Υd揰{a7/qqbݏ_ֽ~& jGD0i̭ZH$@ H1neؔ.o|g݋¯pWt^ /ea|U=1f}*ACgQG3wet5}m T= C">iy-UdTv(e:ɉ3)NzǿńHF_) %>w@D 0U :`4Y 0  0D>  RU:"\sU:!Y U:>$'x$U:* AQ*(*+U:R,R,R,R,R,R,R, B,, 0Do- 0D- 0D-- D/;.;. Bj. D3.X %U&E'(E)* e+D,-Ӏ9 (`$TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7GXXdXXd7  ,cAZ"Arial Regularn~<$3|x9 OSXX   T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'TSS `   3    Violenceisdefinedasthe [u]njustorunwarrantedexerciseofforce...[p]hysicalforce  unlawfullyexercised;abuseofforce...[and][t]heexertionofanyphysicalforcesoastoinjure,  damageorabuse.BlacksLawDictionary1570(6thed.1990)(emphasisadded).((3$ `!TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7XXdd7    `   0  (#$  0    ӢXX   T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T ӢӢ `   1    Apersoncommitsatheftofpropertyif,withintenttodeprivetheownerofproperty,the  personknowinglyobtainsorexercisescontroloverthepropertywithouttheownersconsent.Tenn.CodeAnn.3914103(1990).Thedifferencebetweenrobberyandtheftis,therefore,theuseofviolenceorfeartoobtainthevictimsproperty.CompareTenn.CodeAnn.3914103 B : withTenn.CodeAnn.3913401(1990). SXX   T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'TSS `   1    Apersoncommitsatheftofpropertyif,withintenttodeprivetheownerofproperty,the  personknowinglyobtainsorexercisescontroloverthepropertywithouttheownersconsent.Tenn.CodeAnn.3914103(1990).Thedifferencebetweenrobberyandtheftis,therefore,theuseofviolenceorfeartoobtainthevictimsproperty.CompareTenn.CodeAnn.3914103 B : withTenn.CodeAnn.3913401(1990).,cAZ"Arial Regular SXX   T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'TSS `   2    Inthepresentcase,theStateconcededattrialthat,becausetheelementof fearwas  notincludedintheindictment,thiselementshouldnotbeinstructedtothejury.Therecordreflectsthatthetrialcourtdidnotinstructthejuryontheelementof fear. ӢXX   T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'TӢӢ `   2    Inthepresentcase,theStateconcededattrialthat,becausetheelementof fearwas  notincludedintheindictment,thiselementshouldnotbeinstructedtothejury.Therecordreflectsthatthetrialcourtdidnotinstructthejuryontheelementof fear.,cAZ"Arial Regular SXX   T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'TSS `   4    See,e.g.,Douglasv.State,267A.2d291,294(Md.Ct.Spec.App.1970),cert.denied,  (Md.1970)(violenceisbytheapplicationofphysicalforce);Kingv.State,527So.2d641,646  (Miss.1988)( violenceissynonymouswithforce);Statev.Fuentes,888P.2d986,990(N.M. | App.1994),cert.denied,889P.2d203(N.M.1995);Smithv.State,737P.2d1206,1215(Okla. B : Crim.App.),cert.denied,484U.S.959,108S.Ct.358(1987)( forceisactuallyusedtodefine    violence);Commonwealthv.Mlinarich,498A.2d395,400(Pa.Super.1985),affd,542A.2d   1335(Pa.1988)(percurium)(forceandviolencesynonymous);Wisdomv.State,708S.W.2d ~ v 840,843n.3(Tex.Crim.App.1986)(enbanc)(violenceandforcearesynonymous);Cityof > 6 Pascov.Ross,694P.2d37,39(Wash.App.Div.31985)(same). OӢXX   T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'TӢӢ `   3    Violenceisdefinedasthe [u]njustorunwarrantedexerciseofforce...[p]hysicalforce  unlawfullyexercised;abuseofforce...[and][t]heexertionofanyphysicalforcesoastoinjure,  damageorabuse.BlacksLawDictionary1570(6thed.1990)(emphasisadded).,cAZ"Arial Regular ӢXX   T@R[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'TӢӢ `   4    See,e.g.,Douglasv.State,267A.2d291,294(Md.Ct.Spec.App.1970),cert.denied,  (Md.1970)(violenceisbytheapplicationofphysicalforce);Kingv.State,527So.2d641,646  (Miss.1988)( violenceissynonymouswithforce);Statev.Fuentes,888P.2d986,990(N.M. | App.1994),cert.denied,889P.2d203(N.M.1995);Smithv.State,737P.2d1206,1215(Okla. B : Crim.App.),cert.denied,484U.S.959,108S.Ct.358(1987)( forceisactuallyusedtodefine    violence);Commonwealthv.Mlinarich,498A.2d395,400(Pa.Super.1985),affd,542A.2d   1335(Pa.1988)(percurium)(forceandviolencesynonymous);Wisdomv.State,708S.W.2d ~ v 840,843n.3(Tex.Crim.App.1986)(enbanc)(violenceandforcearesynonymous);Cityof > 6 Pascov.Ross,694P.2d37,39(Wash.App.Div.31985)(same).,cAZ"Arial Regular !"#%C<< C  !"  X,XXX`OXX,   Ad FILEDX,X`O   October19,1998  CecilCrowson,Jr./XX,AppellateCourtClerk ,cAZ"Arial Regular dLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  (3$ !  ($$   1  ''' dxdP Pd'dxd `!TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7,XXdXXd7   -**-  9-r(<,(j 8` `@E ` ttx$ r-9999--99999999999@. . INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE99@**)ATJACKSON9t(>.*jxl` `@ELL ` ttx$( @ tߛ9@$OCTOBERSESSION,1998STATEOFTENNESSEE, h   ) | t  `     h   )  No.02C019712CC00486 h`  ` Appellee   h   ) TL   `     h   )  TIPTONCOUNTY @8  vs. `     h   ) ,$   `     h   )  Hon.JOSEPHH.WALKER,Judge   TONYFITZ,    h   )    `     h   )  (Robbery)    ` Appellant   h   )    FortheAppellant:   h     FortheAppellee: zr  FrankDeslauriers    h     JohnKnoxWalkup  F> P.O.Box1156   h     AttorneyGeneralandReporter 2* Covington,TN38019 h    `     h     ClintonJ.Morgan    `     h     AssistantAttorneyGeneral  (#    `     h     CriminalJusticeDivision `     h     425FifthAvenueNorth `     h     2dFloor,CordellHullBuilding `     h     Nashville,TN372430493 x   (#  !z  `  `     h      `     h     ElizabethT.Rice  4$,   `     h     DistrictAttorneyGeneral  `     h     WaltFreeland  &#  `     h     Asst.DistrictAttorneyGeneral `     h     302MarketStreet `     h     Somerville,TN38068OPINIONFILED:򀀀 ".'+ AFFIRMED DavidG.Hayes  3~,1 Judge  r4j-29 @+ OPINION    ` Theappellant,TonyFitz,appeals,asofright,theverdictofaTiptonCountyjuryfindinghimguiltyofrobberyforwhichasentenceofsevenyearsandsixmonthswassubsequentlyimposed.Thesoleissueraisedonappealiswhethertheevidenceissufficienttosupporttheconviction. ` Afterreviewoftherecord,weaffirmthejudgmententeredbythetrialcourt.@ff) Background     ` OnNovember8,1996,sometimeafter11:00p.m.,CharlesRice,anemployeeattheBullMarketconveniencestoreinMunford,wasstationedatthecashregister,waitingoncustomers.Theappellant,appearingverynervous,enteredthestore,approachedRice,andaskedifhewouldbeabletocashacheck.Ricerepliedthathecouldifitwasalocalcheckandiftheappellanthadidentification.Theappellantthenbegantowritewhatappearedtobeacheck.However,beforehecouldfinish,Riceaskedtheappellanttosteptothesidetofinishastherewerecustomerswaitinginlinebehindhimandhewasholdinguptheline.Riceproceededtowaitonthenextcustomer.Whentheregisterdraweropened,theappellantjumpedupandpushedRicewithbothhandsintheshoulders hit[ting][him]hardenoughtoknock[him]backintothewallandthecigarettecounterbehind[him].Hethenputbothofhishandsintothecashregisterandstarted grabbingmoneyoutofit.Rice,whowas stunnedand scaredbytheappellantsinitialactions,regainedhis wits,rantowardtheappellantandpushedhimback.Theappellantthen wentoutthedoor. p9h28  ` CharlesRicetestifiedthattheappellanthadtakenbetweenfortyandfiftydollarsoutofthecashregister.Healsostatedthat,aftertheappellanthadleft,hediscoveredtheappellantswalletonthecountercontainingvariousformsofidentification,includingtheappellantsparoleeidentificationcardandtheappellantspaystubfromtheMunfordGin. ` Baseduponthisproof,thejuryfoundtheappellantguiltyofrobbery.@* Analysis  4,  ` Again,theappellantchallengesthesufficiencyoftheconvictingevidence.Althoughtheappellantconcedesthattheproofissufficienttoestablishtheftofproperty,* ** *  #  1      ׀hecontendsthattheStatefailedtoprove,beyondareasonabledoubt, ph that violenceoccurredinthecommissionofatheftbytheDefendant,elevatingtheoffensetorobbery.*F**F*  #  2      ׀Specifically,heassertsthat violenceconstitutesmorethan " forceandtheactionsofDefendantarisetoalevelnohigherthanforce. ` Theappellant,alludingtoourCodesfailuretodefinetheterm violence,urgesthiscourttoadoptadefinitionofviolencerequiringmorethan force. Force, 8)0"& asdefinedinTenn.CodeAnn.3911106(a)(12)(1996), meanscompulsionbytheuseofphysicalpowerorviolenceandshallbebroadlyconstruedtoaccomplish ,%* thepurposesofthistitle.(emphasisadded).SeealsoBlacksLawDictionary .', 644(6thed.1990)(definingforceas [p]ower,violence,compulsionorconstraint h0`). exerteduponoragainstaperson...).Thus,thequestionnowbeforethiscourtiswhethertheterm force,asdefinedinourCode,issufficienttoestablishthe  elementof violencenecessarytosupportaconvictionforrobbery.Weholdthatit   is. ` Whenaskedtointerpretatermessentialtotheoverallpurposeofpenallegislation,thiscourtsprimaryobjectiveistoreconcilelegislativeintentwiththequestionedterm.SeeStatev.Smith,893S.W.2d908,917(Tenn.1994),rehg   denied,(Tenn.1995),cert.denied,516U.S.829,116S.Ct.99(1995).Indoingso, h` wemustconstruethechallengedtermaccordingtoitsfairimport,includingreferencetojudicialdecisionsandcommonlawinterpretations,topromotejustice,andeffecttheobjectivesofthecriminalcode.Tenn.CodeAnn.3911104(1997).Moreover,itisawellsettledruleofstatutoryconstructionthatthecourtshouldconstruethestatutetoreconciledifferentcodeprovisionsinordertogivethemaconsistentmeaning.SeeStatev.Banks,875S.W.2d303,308(Tenn.Crim.App. 0 ( 1993). ` Ascodifiedinourcurrentcriminalcode,robberyistheintentionalorknowingtheftofpropertyfromthepersonofanotherbyviolenceorbyputtingthepersonin `'X $ fear.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913401.Atcommonlaw,robberywasdefinedasthe ,)$"& takingofgoodsormoneyfromthepersonorpresenceofanotherbymeansofforce *#( orintimidation.See77C.J.S.Robbery2(1994).Theforcebymeanswhich ,%* robberymaybecommittedincludesallviolenceinflicteddirectlyontheperson .', robbed.****  #  3      ׀See67Am.Jur.2dRobbery22(1985). `0X).  ` Withconsiderationofthecommonlawdefinitionofrobbery,weagainlooktothecurrentcodesdefinitionof force,whichcontainstheprovisionthatthis 5.4 definition shallbebroadlyconstruedtoaccomplishthepurposesofthistitle.Tenn.  CodeAnn.3911106(a)(12)(emphasisadded).Additionally,wenotethatthiscourthas,onprioroccasions,givenitsapprovaltothedefinitionof violence   providedinFunkandWagnallsStandardDeskDictionary(1977),i.e., theexertion l d ofphysicalforcesoastoinjureorabuse.Statev.Watson,No.01C019606CC <4 00260(Tenn.Crim.App.atNashville,Jan.14,1998)(citingStatev.Black,745   S.W.2d302,304(Tenn.Crim.App.1987)).Althoughthepreciseterminologymaydiffer,see77C.J.S.Robbery13(statutesdefiningrobberyordinarilyinclude   forceandintimidationorsomephrasethereof),thereisnodoubtthatbytheverydefinitionsofthesewords,theguidanceprovidedbythecodesdefinitionof force,andtheharmsoughttobepreventedbymakingrobberyacriminaloffensethattheterms forceand violencemaybeusedinterchangeablyandsynonymously.****  #  4      ׀  Accordingly,theelementof violence,ascontemplatedbyTenn.CodeAnn.3913401,issatisfiedbyashowingthattheperpetratorexertedsometypeofphysical ld forceuponthevictim. 8 0  ` Whenthereisachallengetotheverdictbaseduponthesufficiencyoftheevidence,thiscourtmustreviewtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecutionanddeterminewhether"anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt."Jacksonv.Virginia, 4),"& 443U.S.307,319,99S.Ct.2781,2789(1979);Statev.Cazes,875S.W.2d253, +#( 259(Tenn.1994),cert.denied,513U.S.1086,115S.Ct.743(1995);Tenn.R.App. ,%* P.13(e).Wedonotreweighorreevaluatetheevidence;theseareissuesresolvedbythetrieroffact.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978). d0\). Furthermore,aguiltyverdictaccreditsthetestimonyofthewitnessesfortheState,andapresumptionofguiltreplacesthepresumptionofinnocence.Statev.Grace,  493S.W.2d474,476(Tenn.1973).Theappellantbearstheburdenofprovingthattheevidenceisinsufficienttosupportthejuryverdictinhiscase.Statev.Tuggle, l d 639S.W.2d913,914(Tenn.1992).Inthepresentcase,thecashiertestifiedthattheappellantphysicallystruckhimupontheshouldersandpushedhimintoacigarettedisplay.Theseactionsundeniablypermittedtheappellantto grabmoneyoutoftheopencashregister.Wefindthesefactssufficienttoestablishtheelementof violence.Accordingly,thisissueiswithoutmerit. ` Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.!!!!##$$# ` ## ##  ## h ##  ##____________________________________ `     h   DAVIDG.HAYES,Judge#%%%%%%%%%%%%%CONCUR:______________________________________%&%john%&'JOHNH.PEAY,Judge______________________________________L.T.LA'('TT'()FFERTY,S)+)enior)+)),pecial,)Judge)