ÿWPCô 4UNè %6 0(<w@d4¤¸ 0†Ç 0DM‘ 0D™ 0JÝ 0T' 0^{ 0hÙ 0rA 0|³ 0†/ 0µ 1uE 0dº AM ék AQT Æ¥ Bk 0Xˆ 0Dà 0$ D/T¯ƒ B2 D3OU>‚U*ÀB)êDC AMVv~£vÓ!(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡   E  D  D  D  Ó€¸LË$3|x( (6(2Ä:$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ!#-Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ßÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€*ÔÝ  ÝÔ€+ÔÔ€+ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€+XÔÌÌò òJune€26,€1998ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€+ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó! #$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 d(0"ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó &Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€*ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€The€jury€found€defendant€not€guilty€of€the€attempted€murder€of€Parrott€but€guiltyÏof€aggravated€assault€upon€Parrott.€€The€parties€recognized,€as€does€this€Court,€thatÏaggravated€assault€is€not€ordinarily€a€lesser€grade€or€lesser€included€offense€of€attemptedÏfirst€degree€murder.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€307€(Tenn.€1996).€€However,Ïunlike€òòTrustyóó,€the€indictment€in€this€case€contained€language€alleging€an€aggravated€assault.€ÏThe€parties€agreed,€therefore,€that€aggravated€assault€should€be€charged€to€the€jury.€€UnderÏthis€indictment,€this€was€proper€and€was€not€in€violation€of€òòTrustyóó.€€919€S.W.2d€at€312„13.Ì(('÷ÿ dxd ¥Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€*ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€Toni€Harrell€was€in€the€Sullivan€County€jail€with€defendant€after€defendant€wasÏarrested€on€the€present€charges.€€Harrell€testified€that€defendant€told€her€that€she€was€ð ðnotÏfinishedðð€with€Parrott€and€that€she€intended€to€shoot€Parrott€on€the€day€in€question.ÌüÿP Pd""""'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d,,,,7Border 1dd!#-Cþÿ << GÿÿPtPtHHØ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€*ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  ÓÔ€+ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€-A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌà@ àMAY€1998€SESSIONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òNO.€03C01„9708„CR„00330ó óÌà àAppellee,à@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òSULLIVAN€COUNTYó óÌò òVS.ó óà@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òHON.€PHYLLIS€H.€MILLER,ÌLULA€J.€FLANIGAN,ó óà@ à)à àò òJUDGEó óÌà@ à)Ìà àAppellant.à@ à)à à(Aggravated€KidnappingÌà@ à)à àand€Aggravated€Assault)ÌÌÌÌÒ†„èyÒò òòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:ÌÌSTEPHEN€M.€WALLACEó óÌDistrict€Public€DefenderÌÌò òTERRY€L.€JORDANÌó óAssistant€District€Public€DefenderÌP.O.€Box€839ÌBlountville,€TN€€37617„0839Éò òòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÌAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌÌò òMICHAEL€J.€FAHEY,€IIó óÌAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌCordell€Hull€Building,€2nd€FloorÌ425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌò òH.€GREELEY€WELLS,€JR.ó óÌDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌò òEDWARD€E.€WILSONó óÌAssistant€District€AttorneyÏGeneralÌP.O.€Box€526ÌBlountville,€TN€€37617„0526ÉÒÒÌÌÌÌÌÌò òOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,ÌJUDGEÇÓÓó óÑ7€jXXdìXXdì7Ñà@ àò òòòOPINIONó óóóÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Lula€J.€Flanigan,€was€convicted€by€a€Sullivan€County€juryÏof€one€(1)€count€of€aggravated€kidnapping€and€three€(3)€counts€of€aggravatedÏassault.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€her€to€concurrent€terms€of€eleven€(11)€yearsÏfor€aggravated€kidnapping€and€six€(6)€years€for€each€aggravated€assaultÏconviction.€€On€appeal,€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€toÏmerge€her€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction€with€one€conviction€for€aggravatedÏassault€as€the€kidnapping€was€merely€incidental€to€the€assault.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏAnthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€1991).€€She€further€claims€that€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€imposing€her€sentences.€€After€a€review€of€the€record€before€this€Court,Ïwe€find€no€reversible€error.€€Therefore,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌà@ àò òòòFACTSó óóóÌÌà àIn€1996,€defendant€was€an€employee€of€an€Applebeeððs€restaurant€inÏKingsport,€Tennessee.€€On€February€20,€defendant€had€a€disagreement€withÏMelinda€Parrott,€the€assistant€manager€of€Applebeeððs,€concerning€defendantððsÏemployment€duties.€€Although€Parrott€asked€defendant€to€stay€after€her€shift€soÏthat€the€two€could€work€out€their€differences,€defendant€left€that€afternoonÏwithout€seeing€Parrott.Ìà àThe€next€day,€when€Parrott€arrived€at€work,€she€once€again€toldÏdefendant€that€she€needed€to€speak€with€defendant€after€her€work€shift€ended.€ÍInstead,€defendant€resigned€and€left€the€restaurant€at€approximately€10:30€a.m.€ÏDefendant€went€to€her€residence,€where€she€consumed€an€excessive€amount€ofÏvodka.€€Approximately€two€hours€later,€defendant€got€her€gun€and€returned€toÏApplebeeððs.Ìà àWhen€defendant€returned,€Parrott€was€helping€wait€tables€during€theÏlunch€hour.€€Defendant€approached€Parrott€and€asked€to€speak€with€her.€€WhenÏParrott€answered€that€she€was€busy€at€that€time,€defendant€replied,€ð ðyouððreÏgoing€to€talk€to€me€now,€bitch.ðð€€In€order€to€avoid€a€scene,€Parrott€followedÏdefendant€to€the€kitchen€area,€where€defendant€pushed€Parrott€to€the€floor.€ÏWhen€Parrott€demanded€that€defendant€leave,€defendant€brandished€her€gunÏand€led€Parrott€at€gunpoint€to€the€outside€ð ðdockðð€area€behind€the€restaurant.Ìà àOn€their€way€outside,€defendant€and€Parrott€passed€Shawn€Spears,€anÏApplebeeððs€employee.€€Parrott€told€Spears€that€defendant€had€a€gun,€andÏSpears€followed€them€outside.€€Rebecca€Stevens,€a€waitress,€saw€defendantÏœfire€a€gun€towards›€Parrott€and,€out€of€fear€that€defendant€had€shot€Parrott,€alsoÏwent€outside€to€the€ð ðdockðð€area.Ìà àParrott€testified€that€after€she€and€defendant€reached€the€ð ðdockðð€area,Ïdefendant€told€Parrott€that€ð ðshe€had€bullets€in€the€gun,€and€she€was€going€to€useÏthem.ðð€€Spears€stepped€in€front€of€Parrott€and€tried€to€calm€defendant,€andÏdefendant€fired€a€shot€into€the€air.€€She€pointed€her€gun€at€Parrott,€Spears€andÏStevens,€demanded€that€they€step€away€from€her€and€fired€another€shot€into€theÏair.€€Subsequently,€defendantððs€sister,€also€an€Applebeeððs€employee,€cameÏoutside€and€was€able€to€calm€defendant.€€Defendant€then€left€through€a€backÍgate€and€was€later€apprehended.Ìà àApproximately€one€and€one„half€(1€ðð)€hours€after€the€incident,Ïdefendantððs€blood€alcohol€level€was€tested€and€found€to€be€0.33%.€€At€trial,€theÏparties€stipulated€that€defendantððs€blood€alcohol€level€was€0.20%€at€7:38€p.m.,Ïapproximately€seven€(7)€hours€after€the€incident.Ìà àDefendant€testified€on€her€own€behalf€at€trial.€€She€stated€that€she€was€anÏalcoholic€and€was€suicidal€at€the€time€of€the€offenses.€€She€testified€that€afterÏshe€resigned€on€February€21,€she€went€to€her€apartment€and€began€drinkingÏvodka.€€She€was€angry€with€herself€for€quitting€her€job€and€contemplatedÏcommitting€suicide.€€She€did€not€recall€much€of€what€happened€when€sheÏreturned€to€Applebeeððs;€however,€she€testified€that€she€did€not€intend€to€killÏParrott.Ìà àDr.€Kenneth€E.€Ferslew,€a€toxicologist,€testified€for€the€defense€as€well.€ÏDr.€Ferslew€stated€that€defendantððs€blood€alcohol€level€would€have€beenÏapproximately€0.358%€at€the€time€of€the€incident.€€He€œfurther€testified›€thatÏdefendant€would€experience€a€change€in€mood€and€personality,€a€loss€ofÏinhibition€and€might€demonstrate€personality€traits€that€she€would€not€otherwiseÏexhibit.Ìà àDefendant€was€charged€with€one€(1)€count€of€attempted€first€degreeÏmurder€of€Parrott,€one€(1)€count€of€aggravated€assault€of€Spears,€one€(1)€countÏof€aggravated€assault€of€Stevens€and€one€(1)€count€of€aggravated€kidnapping€ofÏParrott.€€The€jury€found€defendant€guilty€of€three€(3)€counts€of€aggravatedÍœassault›× ƒ% ××  ×€and€one€(1)€count€of€aggravated€kidnapping.€€€The€trial€court€sentencedÏdefendant€to€concurrent€terms€of€eleven€(11)€years€for€aggravated€kidnappingÏand€six€(6)€years€for€each€aggravated€assault€conviction.€€From€theseÏconvictions€and€sentences,€defendant€brings€this€appeal.ÌÌà@ àò òòòSTATE€V.€ANTHONYó óóóÌÌà àIn€her€first€issue,€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sustainingÏher€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction€when€she€was€convicted€of€theÏaggravated€assault€of€Parrott€arising€out€of€the€same€facts.€€She€contends€thatÏthe€aggravated€kidnapping€is€ð ðessentially€incidentalðð€to€the€aggravated€assaultÏunder€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€299€(Tenn.€1991).€€Therefore,€she€arguesÏthat€her€conviction€for€aggravated€kidnapping€must€merge€with€her€convictionÏfor€aggravated€assault€of€Parrott.Ìà àIn€òòState€v.€Anthonyóó,€our€Supreme€Court€addressed€the€issue€of€whetherÏdual€convictions€of€armed€robbery€and€aggravated€kidnapping€arising€out€of€theÏsame€criminal€episode€could€constitutionally€stand€as€a€matter€of€due€process.€ÏThe€Court€held€that€when€kidnapping€is€ð ðessentially€incidentalðð€to€anotherÍoffense,€due€process€prohibits€a€conviction€for€kidnapping.€€òòIdóó.€at€306„307.€€TheÏtest€to€be€applied€is€whether,€under€the€facts€of€each€case,€ð ðthe€confinement,Ïmovement€or€detention€is€essentially€incidental€to€the€accompanying€felony€andÏis€not,€therefore,€sufficient€to€support€a€separate€conviction€for€kidnapping,€orÏwhether€it€is€significant€enough,€in€and€of€itself,€to€warrant€independentÏprosecution€and€is,€therefore,€sufficient€to€support€such€a€conviction.ðð€€òòIdóó.€at€306.€ÏThe€determination€of€whether€the€convictions€for€kidnapping€and€the€linkedÏfelony€can€stand€is€fact€specific,€as€there€is€no€prohibition€against€convictions€forÏboth€offenses€ð ðsimply€because€they€arise€out€of€the€same€criminal€episode.ðð€€òòIdóó.Ïat€307.Ìà àIn€the€later€case€of€òòState€v.€Dixonóó,€the€Supreme€Court€clarified€its€holdingÏin€òòAnthonyóó,€stating:ÌÓÓà8 àThe€òòAnthonyóó€decision€should€only€prevent€the€injustice€whichÏwould€occur€if€a€defendant€could€be€convicted€of€kidnappingÏwhere€the€only€restraint€utilized€was€that€necessary€to€completeÏthe€act€of€rape€or€robbery.€Accordingly,€any€restraint€in€addition€toÏthat€which€is€necessary€to€consummate€rape€or€robbery€mayÏsupport€a€separate€conviction€for€kidnapping.ÌÌÓÓ957€S.W.2d€532,€534„35€(Tenn.€1997).€€The€Court€determined€that€theÏresolution€of€an€òòAnthonyóó€issue€is€based€upon€two€inquiries.€€First,€the€court€mustÏdecide€whether€the€ð ðmovement€or€confinement€was€beyond€that€necessary€toÏconsummateðð€the€associated€felony.€€òòId.óó€at€535.€€If€this€can€be€answered€in€theÏaffirmative,€then€the€next€inquiry€becomes€ð ðwhether€the€additional€movement€orÏconfinement:€(1)€prevented€the€victim€from€summoning€help;€(2)€lessened€theÏdefendantððs€risk€of€detection;€or€(3)€created€a€significant€danger€or€increased€theÍvictimððs€risk€of€harm.ðð€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòAnthonyóó,€817€S.W.2d€at€306).€€If€both€prongs€areÏmet,€dual€convictions€for€kidnapping€and€the€additional€felony€are€proper.Ìà àIn€the€case€òòsub€judiceóó,€we€find€that€defendantððs€convictions€for€theÏaggravated€kidnapping€and€aggravated€assault€upon€Parrott€are€appropriate.€ÏDefendant€led€Parrott€at€gunpoint€from€the€kitchen€to€the€ð ðdockðð€area€outside,Ïthereby€substantially€interfering€with€her€liberty.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„302.€ÏThe€kidnapping€was€not€essentially€incidental€to€the€assault,€as€the€movementÏfrom€the€kitchen€to€the€ð ðdockðð€was€not€necessary€to€commit€the€aggravatedÏassault.€€Furthermore,€we€find€that€forcibly€moving€Parrott€outside€could€haveÏprevented€Parrott€from€summoning€help,€lessened€the€defendantððs€risk€ofÏdetection,€and€increased€Parrottððs€risk€of€harm.Ìà àDefendant€argues€that€the€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction€should€notÏbe€upheld€because€the€detention€was€not€lengthy€and€Parrott€was€moved€only€aÏshort€distance.€€However,€ð ðit€is€the€purpose€of€the€removal€or€confinement€andÏnot€the€distance€or€duration€that€supplies€a€necessary€element€of€aggravatedÏkidnapping.ðð€€òòState€v.€Dixonóó,€957€S.W.2d€at€535.€€Therefore,€we€conclude€thatÏthe€trial€court€properly€upheld€both€convictions€of€aggravated€kidnapping€andÏaggravated€assault€of€Parrott.€€òòSee€óóòòState€v.€Joseph€Tipleróó,€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9611„CR„00384,€Shelby€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€January€30,€1998,€atÏJackson).Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àò òòòSENTENCINGó óóóÌÌà àNext,€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€herÏsentences€for€aggravated€kidnapping€and€aggravated€assault.€€She€argues€thatÏthe€trial€court€€imposed€excessive€sentences€due€to€the€misapplication€ofÏenhancement€and€mitigating€factors.€€She€also€contends€that€the€trial€courtÏerroneously€failed€to€consider€that€she€is€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternativeÏsentencing€for€her€aggravated€assault€convictions.Ìà@ àò òA.ó óÌà àThis€Courtððs€review€of€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€òòde€novoóóÏwith€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€ThisÏpresumption€is€conditioned€upon€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€theÏtrial€judge€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€If€the€trialÏcourt€fails€to€comply€with€the€statutory€directives,€there€is€no€presumption€ofÏcorrectness€and€our€review€is€òòde€novoóó.€€òòState€v.€Pooleóó,€945€S.W.2d€93,€96Ï(Tenn.€1997).Ìà àThe€burden€is€upon€the€appealing€party€to€show€that€the€sentence€isÏimproper.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments.€€In€conducting€our€review,€we€are€required,€pursuant€to€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„210,€to€consider€the€following€factors€in€sentencing:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€[t]he€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencingÏhearing;€(2)€[t]he€presentence€report;€(3)€[t]he€principles€ofÏsentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€[t]heÏnature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(5)Ï[e]vidence€and€information€offered€by€the€parties€on€theÍenhancement€and€mitigating€factors€in€ðððð€40„35„113€and€40„35„114;€and€(6)€[a]ny€statement€the€defendant€wishes€to€make€in€hisÏown€behalf€about€sentencing.ÌÌÓÓà àIf€no€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors€for€sentencing€are€present,€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€provides€that€the€presumptive€sentence€shall€be€theÏminimum€sentence€within€the€applicable€range.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805ÏS.W.2d€785,€788€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€However,€if€such€factors€do€exist,€aÏtrial€court€should€start€at€the€minimum€sentence,€enhance€the€minimumÏsentence€within€the€range€for€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€theÏsentence€within€the€range€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e).€€No€particular€weight€for€each€factor€is€prescribed€by€the€statute,€as€theÏweight€given€to€each€factor€is€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€as€long€as€theÏtrial€court€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€sentencing€act€andÏits€findings€are€supported€by€the€record.€€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€238Ï(Tenn.€1986);€òòState€v.€Leggsóó,€955€S.W.2d€845,€848€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997);ÏòòState€v.€Santiagoóó,€914€S.W.2d€116,€125€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòseeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€Nevertheless,Ïshould€there€be€no€mitigating€factors,€but€enhancement€factors€are€present,€aÏtrial€court€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€within€the€range.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d);€òòseeóó€òòManning€v.€Stateóó,€883€S.W.2d€635,€638€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1994).Ìà@ àò òB.ó óÌà àThe€trial€court€found€that€the€following€enhancement€factors€applied€forÏall€offenses:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€that€defendant€had€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÏbehavior,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1);ÌÌà8 à(2)€that€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crimeÏwhen€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10);€andÌÌà8 à(3)€that€the€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€underÏwhich€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great,€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(16).ÌÌÓÓThe€trial€court€found€no€applicable€mitigating€factors.Ìà@ àò òC.ó óÌà àThe€record€supports€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€defendant€has€a€previousÏhistory€of€criminal€convictions€and€criminal€behavior.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€The€pre„sentence€report€indicates€that€defendant€has€numerousÏconvictions€for€driving€under€the€influence.€€œFurthermore,›€defendant€testified€thatÏshe€previously€used€illegal€drugs.€€The€trial€court€properly€considered€thisÏenhancement€factor.Ìà@ àò òD.ó óÌà àDefendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„114(10)€and€(16)€to€œher›€convictions€for€aggravated€kidnapping€andÏaggravated€assault.€€She€argues€that€by€committing€these€offenses€with€aÏdeadly€weapon,€one€necessarily€creates€a€high€risk€to€human€life€and€a€greatÏpotential€for€bodily€injury.€€This€Court€has€previously€held€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„114(10)€and€(16)€cannot€be€used€as€enhancement€factors€for€theÏoffenses€of€aggravated€assault€and€aggravated€kidnapping€as€they€are€inherentÏin€the€offenses.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€885€S.W.2d€357,€363„64€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Í1994);€òòState€v.€Kernóó,€909€S.W.2d€5,€7„8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).Ìà àHowever,€where€there€is€evidence€of€œindividuals›€in€the€œvicinity€subject›€toÏœinjury€in€addition€to€the€victim,›€the€use€of€these€factors€is€proper.€€òòState€v.€Simsóó,Ï909€S.W.2d€46,€50€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€With€regard€to€aggravatedÏkidnapping,€there€was€testimony€that€approximately€100€patrons€were€in€theÏrestaurant€as€well€as€numerous€employees€in€the€kitchen€and€dining€area.€ÏThere€were€many€other€people€who€potentially€could€have€been€injured€byÏdefendantððs€actions.€€Furthermore,€as€to€the€aggravated€assaults,€the€trial€courtÏfound€that€enhancement€factors€ten€(10)€and€sixteen€(16)€would€apply€because,Ïð ð[œt]here›€were€other€people€coming€and€even€[defendantððs]€sister€came€to€theÏdoor.€€There€were€so€many€people€around,€it€was€lunch€time,€this€was€in€a,€aÏsmall€little€[fenced„in]€area.€€Any€bullet€could€have€gotten,€gone€awry€there€and€itÏwas€just€a€great€danger€to€everyone.ðð€€We€find€that€the€trial€court€properlyÏapplied€these€enhancement€factors.Ìà@ àò òE.ó óÌà àDefendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€consider€inÏmitigation€that€she€voluntarily€released€Parrott€alive.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„304(b)(2)€provides€that€if,€after€committing€an€aggravated€kidnapping,€theÏoffender€ð ðvoluntarily€releases€the€victim€alive€.€.€.€such€actions€shall€beÏconsidered€by€the€court€as€a€mitigating€factor€at€the€time€of€sentencing.ðð€ÏHowever,€under€the€present€facts,€defendant€chose€to€abandon€her€course€ofÏaction€only€in€response€to€her€sisterððs€persistent€pleading.€€This€factor€would€beÏentitled€to€little€weight.Ìà@ àò òF.ó óÌà àDefendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€found€inÏmitigation€that€she€accepted€responsibility€for€her€actions,€showed€remorse€afterÏthe€incident€and€was€highly€intoxicated€at€the€time€of€the€incident.€€The€trial€courtÏspecifically€found€that€defendant€did€not€accept€responsibility€for€her€actions€inÏthat€defendant€relied€on€her€over„consumption€of€alcohol€as€an€excuse€for€herÏbehavior.€€Additionally,€the€trial€court€noted€that€there€was€testimony€at€trial€thatÏdefendant€had€threatened€Parrottððs€life€while€incarcerated€for€the€presentÏcharges.× ƒ' ××  ×Ìà àFurthermore,€voluntary€intoxication€is€not€a€proper€mitigatingÏcircumstance.€€A€defendantððs€sentence€may€be€mitigated€if€the€defendant€wasÏsuffering€from€a€ð ðmental€or€physical€condition€that€significantly€reduced€[her]Ïculpability€for€the€offense;€however,€òòthe€voluntary€use€of€intoxicants€does€not€fallÏwithin€the€purview€of€this€factoróó.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(8)€(emphasisÏadded).Ìà àWe€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€none€of€the€above€œis€an›€appropriateÏmitigating€œfactor›€under€the€present€facts.Ìà@ àò òG.ó óÌà àThe€trial€court€appropriately€applied€three€(3)€enhancement€factors€inÏdetermining€defendantððs€œsentences.›€€Even€though€the€trial€court€should€haveÏapplied€defendantððs€voluntary€ð ðreleaseðð€of€Parrott€in€mitigation,€that€factor€wouldÍbe€entitled€to€little€weight.€€Moreover,€no€other€mitigating€factors€are€supportedÏby€the€evidence.€€Accordingly,€defendantððs€sentences€of€eleven€(11)€years€forÏaggravated€kidnapping€and€six€(6)€years€for€each€aggravated€assault€convictionÏare€appropriate.Ìà àThis€issue€has€no€merit.Ìà@ àò òH.ó óÌà àDefendant€also€suggests€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€considerÏalternative€sentencing.€€However,€when€imposing€defendantððs€sentences,€theÏtrial€court€noted€that€because€defendantððs€sentences€were€to€run€concurrently,€itÏwould€be€ð ðridiculousðð€to€consider€alternative€sentencing.€€We€agree.€€DefendantÏis€statutorily€ineligible€for€alternative€sentencing€for€her€aggravated€kidnappingÏconviction.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„303(a),€40„36„106(a).€€She€is,Ïtherefore,€required€to€serve€that€sentence€in€incarceration.€€Because€the€trialÏcourt€ordered€that€defendantððs€six€(6)€year€sentences€for€aggravated€assault€runÏconcurrently€with€her€eleven€(11)€year€sentence€for€aggravated€kidnapping,€itÏwould€serve€no€purpose€to€consider€alternative€sentencing€for€defendantððsÏaggravated€assault€convictions.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àò òòòCONCLUSIONó óóóÌÌà àWe€find€that€due€process€is€not€offended€by€defendantððs€convictions€forÏboth€aggravated€kidnapping€and€aggravated€assault€of€Parrott.€€Furthermore,Íwe€find€that€defendant€received€proper€sentences€for€her€convictions.€ÏAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóò òÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòòÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌòòÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEó ó