ÿWPC0 !¦ Ízªeÿ-«ys³í¯&}\®w„tdÞÔHפ}ËHŠW6 ] •¢|ÿÀv}uƒ\Ö€4 pLa=¯9^ N²Ïfà°*U¤ Là $”Yu!sÈ/Ý(h¯¶v@Mb %\Nb 0ˆdU&NìU@: zzÒô zÆ Ò@ ^  w 4" 6 ÆE Æ ÆÑ Æ— ]N_ ma#ÁxE9Š;UNÅ 0DùW<P™ŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒb%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 0ë---- B 0¤5 D3Ù D-  0K99 AS„Æ× 0¤ 0DA A«…»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptªŽ+ ÖJ~'V¤à?¦àœ¤3|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0 Ñ 0 ' ib014r200ib014r20 .   (ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ïÝ ƒR-Ü$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¹mò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€We€have€chosen€to€address€the€appellantððs€issues€in€an€order€different€from€that€presented€by€the€appellant.€ 2Ý ƒR-Ü$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¹mò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€While€the€trial€court€should€have€also€specified€that€the€jury€ð ðmay€draw€an€inference€of€intoxication€from€theÐ ° Ðblood€alcohol€evidence€òòbut€that€it€is€not€required€to€do€soóó,ðð€òòState€v.€Robinsonóó,€29€S.W.3d€476,€482€(Ô_ÔTennÔ_Ô.€2000)Ð tÄ Ð(emphasis€added),€it€is€clear€that,€because€the€jury€acquitted€the€appellant€of€count€one,€the€appellant€was€not€prejudicedÐ 8ˆ Ðby€this€error.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ivory€Thomasóó,€No.€02C01„9705„CR„00179,€1998€WL€195953,€at€*1€(Ô_ÔTennÔ_Ô.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€atÐ üL ÐJackson,€April€24,€1998). Ý ƒR-Ü$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¹mò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€In€the€trial€courtððs€order€denying€the€appellantððs€motion€to€suppress€the€results€of€the€blood€alcohol€test,€theÐ ° Ðtrial€court€simply€found€that€ð ð[Ô_Ôf]ailureÔ_Ô€of€the€officer€to€admonish€the€defendant€of€the€consequences€of€refusing€aÐ tÄ Ðchemical€test€ððprior€to€the€testðð€does€not€render€the€blood€alcohol€test€results€inadmissible.ðð€€Notably,€the€trial€court€madeÐ 8ˆ Ðno€findings€regarding€the€appellantððs€consent€to€the€test.- ù-(|G2-Ü$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€•»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¹mò»»Ô d(|3n$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€•»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3n$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€•»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€•»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼•»»»ÔÑ8€EXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î4•ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼•»îî4 #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` à€Assigned€on€Briefs€May€16,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XEX»¼•ÔÌò òÔ#†¼•»XXE#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€GREGORY€Ô_ÔFLITTNERÔ_ÔòòóóÔ‡XEX»¼•Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€as€of€Right€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Williamson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€II„126„698€€€€€€Timothy€L.€Easter,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„02367„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€14,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€appellant,€Gregory€Ô_ÔFlittnerÔ_Ô,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€in€the€Williamson€County€Circuit€Court€ofÐ xÈ  Ðdriving€under€the€influence€with€a€blood€alcohol€level€of€.10%€or€more.€€The€trial€court€sentencedÐ d´ Ðthe€appellant€to€serve€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€in€the€Williamson€County€Jail€and€furtherÐ P  Ðordered€that€all€but€seven€days€of€the€appellantððs€sentence€be€suspended.€€On€appeal,€the€appellantÐ <Œ Ðraises€the€following€issues€for€our€review:€(1)€whether€his€blood€alcohol€test€was€taken€voluntarily;Ð (x Ð(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€charge€the€jury€with€driving€while€impaired€(DWI)€asÐ d Ða€lesser„included€offense€of€driving€under€the€influence€(Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô);€(3)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€inÐ P Ðfailing€to€require€the€State€to€turn€over€ð ðall€results€of€reports€and€scientific€tests€.€.€.€in€the€possessionÐ ì< Ðof€the€Stateðð€pursuant€to€the€appellantððs€motion€to€compel;€(4)€whether€the€trial€courtððs€instructionÐ Ø( Ðon€a€blood€alcohol€content€of€.10%€or€more€as€a€presumption€of€intoxication€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð Ä Ððð€55„10„401(a)(1)€(1998)€and€a€blood€alcohol€contentÔ#†¼•»XXE¶#ÔÔ‡XEX»¼•Ô€of€.10%€or€more€as€an€element€of€the€offenseÐ ° Ðunder€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401(a)(2)€was€so€unclear€as€to€confuse€or€mislead€the€jury;€and€(5)Ð œì Ðwhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€arresting€officer€to€testify€that€he€had€released€oneÐ ˆØ Ðhundred€and€fifty€(150)€people€whom€he€had€previously€stopped€for€Ô_ÔDUIÔ_Ô.€€Upon€review€of€the€recordÐ tÄ Ðand€the€partiesðð€briefs,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð `° ÐÓëÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ 8!ˆ  ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼•»àXE^ #ÔÔ‡XEX.¼•ÔNorma€McGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smithóó€andòò€JohnÐ #`" ÐEverett€Williams,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ü#L# ÐÌLee€Ô_ÔOfmanÔ_Ô,€Franklin,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Gregory€Ô_ÔFlittnerÔ_Ô.Ð Ô%$!% ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Mark€A.€Ô_ÔFulksÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð ¬'ü"' ÐJoseph€D.€Ô_ÔBaughÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Lee€Dryer,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€forÐ ˜(è#( Ðthe€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð „)Ô$) ÐÓ$ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼•»XXES #ÔÔ‡XEX»¼•ÔÐ \+¬&+ ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼•»XXEn#ÔÔ‡XEX»¼•ÔÓ  Óà@ìàòòò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óóóÔ#†¼•»XXEÌ#ÔÔ€XEX»¼•ԈР4-„(-ý ÐÔ_Ôà  àà ` àOn€May€25,€1998,€shortly€after€10:00€p.m.,€Officer€David€Hawtin€observed€theÐ ° Ðappellantððs€vehicle€drifting€within€his€lane€of€traffic,€crossing€the€double€yellow€line,€braking€for€noÐ œì Ðapparent€reason,€and€failing€to€stop€at€stop€signs€until€his€vehicle€had€entered€the€intersection.€Ð ˆØ ÐOfficer€Hawtin€suspected€that€the€appellant€was€tired€or€intoxicated€and€signaled€for€the€appellantÐ tÄ Ðto€stop€his€vehicle.€€The€appellant€continued€for€approximately€two€and€a€half€blocks€after€the€officerÐ `° Ðactivated€his€blue€lights.€€When€the€appellant€finally€stopped€his€vehicle,€Officer€Hawtin€approachedÐ L œ Ðthe€driverððs€side€of€the€vehicle€and€instructed€the€appellant€to€roll€down€his€window.€€As€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðappellant€complied€with€his€request,€Officer€Hawtin€detected€a€strong€odor€of€alcohol.€€He€alsoÐ $ t Ðnoticed€that€the€appellantððs€clothing€was€disheveled€and€the€appellant€looked€sleepy.€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€response€to€Officer€Hawtinððs€question€regarding€how€much€alcohol€he€had€beenÐ è 8  Ðdrinking,€the€appellant€initially€denied€that€he€had€consumed€any€alcohol.€€However,€after€the€officerÐ Ô$  Ðrepeated€the€question,€the€appellant€admitted€that€he€had€been€drinking€with€friends.€€At€that€point,Ð À  ÐOfficer€Hawtin€asked€the€appellant€to€step€out€of€the€vehicle.€€Officer€Hawtin€testified€that€theÐ ¬ü  Ðappellant€had€difficulty€getting€out€of€the€vehicle€and€appeared€unsteady€on€his€feet€after€he€steppedÐ ˜è  Ðoutside.€€After€further€questioning,€€the€appellant€finally€conceded€that,€from€8:00€to€10:00€p.m.€thatÐ „Ô  Ðevening,€he€had€consumed€three€Killianððs€beers.€€Officer€Hawtin€then€requested€that€the€appellantÐ pÀ Ðtake€some€field€sobriety€tests€in€order€to€determine€the€extent€of€the€appellantððs€intoxication.€€OfficerÐ \¬ ÐHawtin€also€informed€the€appellant€that,€if€he€refused€to€take€a€test€to€determine€his€blood€alcoholÐ H˜ Ðcontent,€the€appellantððs€driverððs€license€could€be€suspended.€€In€response,€the€appellant€evaded€theÐ 4„ Ðofficerððs€requests€and€maintained€that€he€did€not€know€if€he€should€take€the€field€sobriety€tests.€€AfterÐ  p Ðseveral€unsuccessful€attempts€to€communicate€with€the€appellant€regarding€the€field€sobriety€tests,Ð  \ ÐOfficer€Hawtin€became€convinced€that€the€appellant€was€too€intoxicated€to€drive€and€placed€himÐ øH Ðunder€arrest€for€DUI.€€He€informed€the€appellant€that€he€would€take€the€appellant€to€the€jail€in€orderÐ ä4 Ðto€administer€a€breath€test€to€determine€the€appellantððs€blood€alcohol€content.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àà ` àAfter€the€appellant€had€been€placed€in€Officer€Hawtinððs€cruiser,€they€once€againÐ ¨ø Ðdiscussed€the€tests€available€to€determine€the€appellantððs€blood€alcohol€content.€€Officer€HawtinÐ ”ä Ðagain€explained€the€implied€consent€law€to€the€appellant€and€repeated€that€if€he€refused€to€take€anyÐ €Ð Ðblood€alcohol€test€his€driverððs€license€would€be€suspended€for€one€year.€€At€the€conclusion€of€theÐ l¼ Ðconversation,€the€appellant€agreed€to€submit€to€a€blood€test€instead€of€a€breath€test.€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àà ` àOfficer€Hawtin€drove€the€appellant€to€Williamson€County€Hospital€where€theÐ 0"€  Ðappellantððs€blood€was€drawn.€€The€blood€sample€was€later€submitted€to€the€Tennessee€Bureau€ofÐ #l! ÐInvestigation€(TBI)€laboratory€for€testing.€€After€the€appellantððs€blood€was€drawn,€Officer€HawtinÐ $X" Ðdrove€the€appellant€to€the€Williamson€County€Jail.€€Following€his€arrival€at€the€jail,€the€appellant€Ð ô$D # Ðsigned€an€implied€consent€form€confirming€that€the€officer€had€the€appellantððs€permission€to€conductÐ à%0!$ Ða€blood€alcohol€test.€€Officer€Hawtin€explained€that€he€did€not€have€the€appellant€sign€the€form€priorÐ Ì&"% Ðto€testing€because,€for€most€of€the€encounter,€he€was€the€sole€officer€in€contact€with€the€appellant€inÐ ¸'#& Ða€largely€unsecured€environment.€€Until€the€appellant€was€taken€to€the€jail€where€other€officers€wereÐ ¤(ô#' Ðpresent,€Officer€Hawtin€did€not€consider€the€situation€controlled€enough€to€ask€the€appellant€to€signÐ )à$( Ðthe€implied€consent€form.€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àà ` àThe€report€from€the€TBI€laboratory€reflects€that,€at€the€time€the€appellantððs€blood€wasÐ ° Ðdrawn,€his€blood€alcohol€content€was€.21%,€well€over€the€legal€limit.€€The€appellant€was€indicted€forÐ œì Ðone€count€of€driving€under€the€influence€and€one€count€of€driving€with€a€blood€alcohol€content€ofÐ ˆØ Ð.10%€or€more.€€A€jury€in€the€Williamson€County€Circuit€Court€acquitted€the€appellant€of€DUI€asÐ tÄ Ðalleged€in€count€one€but€found€him€guilty€of€driving€with€a€blood€alcohol€content€of€.10%€or€moreÐ `° Ðas€alleged€in€count€two.€€After€a€brief€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€toÐ L œ Ðeleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€incarceration€in€the€Williamson€County€Jail,€suspending€all€butÐ 8 ˆ Ðseven€days€of€the€sentence.€€The€appellant€now€appeals.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð $ t ÐÌà@éé$ìàòòò òII.€€Analysisóóó óˆÐ ü L  Ðà@IIìàA.€€Motion€to€SuppressˆÐ è 8  Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€suppress€the€results€of€theÐ Ô$  Ðappellantððs€blood€alcohol€test,€contending€that€he€did€not€voluntarily€submit€to€the€test.€€The€StateÐ À  Ðcontends€that€the€appellant€ð ðimpliedly€consented€to€the€blood€test€by€operating€a€vehicle,€expresslyÐ ¬ü  Ðconsented€to€the€test€when€asked€to€submit,€and€failed€to€expressly€refuse€to€submit.ðð€€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àUnless€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€preponderates€otherwise,€the€trial€courtððsÐ pÀ Ðfactual€findings€on€a€motion€to€suppress€are€conclusive€on€appeal.€€òòState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18,Ð \¬ Ð23€(Tenn.€1996).€€Specifically,€the€trial€court,€as€the€trier€of€fact,€will€resolve€questions€regarding€theÐ H˜ Ðcredibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€and€conflicts€of€the€evidence.€€òòId.óó€Ð 4„ ÐAccordingly,€this€court€will€grant€the€prevailing€party€ð ðthe€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidenceÐ  p Ðadduced€at€the€suppression€hearing€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€beÐ  \ Ðdrawn€from€that€evidence.ðð€€òòId.óó€€Furthermore,€this€court€will€conduct€a€de€novo€review€of€the€trialÐ øH Ðcourtððs€application€of€the€law€to€the€factual€findings.€€òòState€v.€Crutcheróó,€989€S.W.2d€295,€299€(Tenn.Ð ä4 Ð1999).׃T×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð Ð  Ðà  àÌà  àà ` àInitially,€we€note€that€the€appellant€argues€that€the€standard€for€the€admissibility€ofÐ ¨ø Ðblood€alcohol€results€that€is€contained€in€òòState€v.€Jordanóó,€7€S.W.3d€92,€99€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999)Ð ”ä Ðis€controlling€in€this€case.€€We€disagree.€€òòJordanóó€established€prerequisites€which€must€be€met€beforeÐ €Ð Ðcompelled€blood€alcohol€tests€are€admissible€in€a€prosecution€for€ð ðaggravated€assault€or€homicideÐ l¼ Ðby€the€use€of€a€motor€vehicle,ðð€regardless€of€the€individualððs€refusal.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„Ð X ¨ Ð406(e)€(2000€Supp.).€€However,€in€all€other€cases€involving€blood€alcohol€tests,€if€consent€is€refusedÐ D!” Ðthe€test€is€inadmissible.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„406(a)(3).€€Because€the€instant€case€involvesÐ 0"€  Ðthe€admission€of€blood€alcohol€test€results€in€a€prosecution€for€DUI,€the€òòJordanóó€standard€isÐ #l! Ðinapplicable.€Ð $X" Ðâ âÐ ô$D # Ðà  àà ` àInstead,€we€begin€by€noting€that€ð ð[a]ny€person€who€drives€any€motor€vehicle€in€theÐ ° Ðâ âstate€is€deemed€to€have€given€consent€to€a€test€for€the€purpose€of€determining€the€alcoholic€or€drugÐ œì Ðcontent€of€that€personððs€blood.€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„406(a)(1).€€In€applying€this€statute,Ð ˆØ Ðthis€court€has€previously€remarked,€ð ðour€legislature€has€declared€that€consent€of€all€motorists€isÐ tÄ Ðimplied;€therefore,€it€is€unnecessary€for€law€enforcement€officers€to€obtain€the€voluntary€consent€ofÐ `° Ðan€individual€motorist€before€administering€a€breath€test€for€alcohol€concentration€level.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð L œ ÐMichael€A.€Janoskyóó,€No.€M1999„02574„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1449367,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð 8 ˆ Ðat€Nashville,€September€29,€2000);€òòÔ‡XEXXXEÔsee€alsoóóÔ#†XEXXXE‚6#Ô€òòState€v.€Harold€W.€Humphreysóó,€No.€M2001„00333„Ð $ t ÐCCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€844400,€at€*7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€July€26,€2001).€€This€courtÐ  ` Ðlater€explained€thatÐ ü L  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à[the€appellantððs]€argument€that€his€submission€to€the€test€wasÐ è 8  Ðinvoluntary€.€.€.€because€he€merely€complied€with€the€officerððsÐ Ô$  Ðdemands€is€misplaced.€.€.€.€€[V]oluntary€consent€is€unnecessary€asÐ À  Ðconsent€has€already€been€obtained€by€the€act€of€driving€the€motorÐ ¬ü  Ðvehicle€upon€the€public€roads€of€this€state.€€There€is€nothing€in€theÐ ˜è  Ðrecord€establishing€that€the€[a]ppellant€was€unable€to€refuse€the€test.€Ð „Ô  ÐOur€law€is€clear€that€the€only€time€ð ðthe€test€shall€not€be€givenðð€isÐ pÀ Ðwhen€the€motorist€ð ðrefuses€to€submitðð€to€the€test.€€Ð\¬` x` x ÐòòHumphreysóó,€No.€M2001„00333„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€844400,€at€*òòóó7;€òòÔ‡XEXXXEÔsee€alsoóóÔ#†XEXXXEè:#Ô€òòState€v.€JonathanÐ H˜ ÐAaron€Bakeróó,€No.€M2000„00320„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€504917,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÐ 4„ ÐNashville,€April€30,€2001).€€Accordingly,€Ð  p Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àthe€express€consent€of€the€motorist€is€not€a€prerequisite€for€theÐ  \ Ðadmission€of€a€[blood]€alcohol€test€into€evidence€in€a€DUIÐ øH Ðprosecution.€€Explicitly,€.€.€.€the€voluntariness€of€the€motoristððsÐ ä4 Ðconsent€at€the€time€of€the€testing€is€of€no€consequence€because€theÐ Ð  Ðmotorist€has€impliedly€consented€as€a€matter€of€law€when€he€or€sheÐ ¼  Ðelects€to€operate€a€motor€vehicle€upon€the€highways€of€this€state.€Ð ¨ø ÐRather,€it€is€the€motoristððs€express€refusal,€provided€by€legislatureÐ ”ä Ðlargesse,€and€not€the€voluntariness€of€the€individual€motoristððsÐ €Ð Ðsubmission€to€the€test€.€.€.€which€governs€the€inadmissibility€of€theÐ l¼ Ðtest€results.ÐX ¨` x` x ÐòòJanoskyóó,€No.€M1999„02574„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1449367,€at€*6€(citations€omitted).Ð D!” ÐÌà  àà ` àIt€is€undisputed€that€the€appellant€was€driving€upon€a€roadway€of€this€State€when€he€Ð #l! Ðwas€stopped€by€Officer€Hawtin.€€Suspecting€that€the€appellant€was€intoxicated,€Officer€Hawtin€askedÐ $X" Ðthe€appellant€to€perform€field€sobriety€tests,€to€which€request€the€appellant€responded€that€he€did€notÐ ô$D # Ðknow€if€he€should.€€The€appellant€argues€that€his€ð ðrefusalðð€to€perform€the€field€sobriety€tests€lendsÐ à%0!$ Ðcredence€to€his€contention€that€he€also€refused€the€blood€test.€€However,€the€video€tape€of€the€trafficÐ Ì&"% Ðstop€clearly€shows€that€the€appellant€never€expressly€refused€to€participate€in€the€field€sobriety€tests.€Ð ¸'#& ÐInstead,€the€appellant€repeatedly€delayed€making€a€decision€concerning€whether€he€should€take€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðfield€sobriety€tests.€€After€waiting€some€length€of€time€for€the€appellant€to€decide,€Officer€HawtinÐ )à$( Ðarrested€the€appellant€for€DUI.€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àà ` àNotably,€at€the€suppression€hearing€the€appellant€only€testified€that€he€did€notÐ ° Ðexpressly€consent€to€taking€a€blood€alcohol€test;€he€did€not€maintain€that€he€had,€at€any€time,Ð œì Ðexpressly€refused€to€take€the€blood€test.€€Accordingly,€ð ð[t]here€is€no€proof€that€the€[a]ppellant€refusedÐ ˆØ Ðto€submit€to€the€test.ðð€€òòHumphreysóó,€No.€M2001„00333„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€844400,€at€*7.€Ð tÄ ÐTherefore,€the€results€of€the€appellantððs€blood€alcohol€test€were€admissible€at€trial.€€This€issue€isÐ `° Ðwithout€merit.Ð L œ ÐÌà@””!ìàB.€Motion€to€CompelˆÐ $ t Ðà  àà ` àNext,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€grant,€under€Tenn.€R.Ð  ` ÐCrim.€P.€16,€the€appellantððs€motion€to€compel.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(a)(1)€provides:Ð ü L  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(C)€Documents€and€Tangible€Objects.€ð!ð€Upon€request€of€theÐ è 8  Ðdefendant,€the€state€shall€permit€the€defendant€to€inspect€and€copy€orÐ Ô$  Ðphotograph€books,€papers,€documents,€photographs,€tangible€objects,Ð À  Ðbuildings€or€places,€or€copies€or€portions€thereof,€which€are€within€theÐ ¬ü  Ðpossession,€custody€or€control€of€the€state,€and€which€are€material€toÐ ˜è  Ðthe€preparation€of€the€defendantððs€defense€or€are€intended€for€use€byÐ „Ô  Ðthe€state€as€evidence€in€chief€at€the€trial,€or€were€obtained€from€orÐ pÀ Ðbelong€to€the€defendant.Ð\¬` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(D)€Reports€of€Examinations€and€Tests.€ð!ð€Upon€request€of€aÐ 4„ Ðdefendant€the€state€shall€permit€the€defendant€to€inspect€and€copy€orÐ  p Ðphotograph€any€results€or€reports€of€physical€or€mental€examinations,Ð  \ Ðand€of€scientific€tests€or€experiments,€or€copies€thereof,€which€areÐ øH Ðwithin€the€possession,€custody€or€control€of€the€state,€the€existence€ofÐ ä4 Ðwhich€is€known,€or€by€the€exercise€of€due€diligence€may€becomeÐ Ð  Ðknown,€to€the€district€attorney€general€and€which€are€material€to€theÐ ¼  Ðpreparation€of€the€defense€or€are€intended€for€use€by€the€state€asÐ ¨ø Ðevidence€in€chief€at€the€trial.Дä` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€appellant€requested€that€the€trial€court€order€the€State€to€submit€the€following€toÐ l¼ Ðthe€appellant:€€Ð X ¨ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€Chain€of€custody€documents;ÐD!”` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(2)€Raw€data€from€blood€testing,€including€handwritten€notes;Ð0"€ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(3)€Line€graphs€and€tabulated€data€printed€by€testing€equipment;€Ð#l!` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(4)€Sample€runs€and€associated€calibration€runs€of€testing€equipmentÐ $X" Ðand€compilations€of€same;€Ðô$D #` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(5)€[TBI]€standing€operating€procedure€for€blood€alcohols€andÐ à%0!$ Ðmethods€approved€by€[TBI]€for€such€testing;€ÐÌ&"%` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(6)€The€techniques€and€methods€promulgated€by€the€[TBI]€toÐ ¸'#& Ðascertain€the€qualifications€and€competence€of€the€individuals€toÐ ¤(ô#' Ðconduct€analysis,€to€operate€and€to€maintain€blood€alcohol€testingÐ )à$( Ðâ âinstruments;€and€Ð|*Ì%)` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(7)€Any€other€document€generated€as€a€result€of€the€testing€of€thisÐ ° Ðâ âblood€sample.Мì` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àDuring€the€motion€to€compel€the€production€of€the€above€requested€items,€theÐ tÄ Ðappellantððs€counsel€summarily€argued€that€he€had€made€the€same€motion€in€two€other€cases,€whichÐ `° Ðmotions€were€previously€denied€by€the€trial€court.€€Counsel€offered€no€information€regarding€howÐ L œ Ðthe€requested€items€were€material€or€how€the€information€would€benefit€his€case.€€At€the€conclusionÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€brief€motion€to€compel,€the€trial€court€denied€the€appellant€access€to€all€but€the€documentsÐ $ t Ðreferenced€under€(7).€€à  àÐ  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àThis€court€has€recently€addressed€this€exact€issue.€€In€òòState€v.€Zane€Allen€Davis,€Jr.óó,Ð è 8  ÐNo.€M2000„00737„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1879518,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,Ð Ô$  ÐDecember€28,€2000),€this€court€noted€that€Ð À  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔ‡XEXXXEÔ[the€appellant]€failed€to€make€an€offer€of€proof€regarding€theÐ ¬ü  Ðmateriality€of€the€documents€requested.€€After€a€thoroughÐ ˜è  Ðexamination€of€the€video€tape€record,€we€conclude€that€[appellantððs]Ð „Ô  Ðcounsel€has€not€provided€us€with€any€information€which€gives€us€aÐ pÀ Ðbasis€to€rule€in€his€favor.€€Not€only€is€the€record€of€the€hearing€onÐ \¬ Ð[appellantððs]€motion€to€compel€and€[appellantððs]Ô#†XEXXXEòV#ÔÔ‡XEXXXEÔ€brief€devoid€of€anyÐ H˜ Ðproof€establishing€that€the€requested€information€was€material,€theÐ 4„ Ðtrial€record€is€deficient€in€this€regard€as€well.€€Namely,€we€do€notÐ  p Ðhave€before€us€any€proof€concerning€what€[appellantððs]Ô#†XEXXXEY#ÔÔ‡XEXXXEÔ€expert€wouldÐ  \ Ðspecifically€require€in€the€way€of€pertinent€facts€nor€what€he€would€doÐ øH Ðwith€them€if€he€had€them.€€We€similarly€lack€proof€of€what€particularÐ ä4 Ðdocuments€the€TBI€has€in€its€possession€that€would€be€helpful€andÐ Ð  Ðhow€the€documents€would€assist€[appellantððs]Ô#†XEXXXElZ#ÔÔ‡XEXXXEÔ€case.€€Neither€hasÐ ¼  Ð[appellant]Ô#†XEXXXE \#ÔÔ‡XEXXXEÔ€offered€any€proof€such€as€incompetency€concerning€theÐ ¨ø ÐTBI's€lab€personnel€or€historical€proof€of€inaccuracies€or€unreliableÐ ”ä Ðresults€with€respect€to€the€lab's€instruments€or€equipment.€€We€furtherÐ €Ð Ðobserve€that€counsel€could€have€asked€that€the€trial€court€perform€anÐ l¼ Ðin€camera€examination€of€the€requested€documents.€€In€sum,€since€theÐ X ¨ ÐState€did€not€present€the€information€in€issue€as€evidence€during€trialÐ D!” Ðand€[appellant]Ô#†XEXXXE€\#ÔÔ‡XEXXXEÔ€did€not€offer€any€proof€as€described€above,€we€find€noÐ 0"€  Ðevidence€that€the€requested€documents€were€material.€[Appellant]€isÐ #l! Ðnot€entitled€to€relief€on€this€issue.Ô#†XEXXXEá^#ÔÐ$X"` x` x ÐAs€the€record€before€us€is€similarly€devoid€of€specific€proof€in€support€of€the€appellantððs€request,€weÐ ô$D # Ðsee€no€reason€to€deviate€from€this€courtððs€previous€reasoning€on€this€issue.€€This€issue€is€also€withoutÐ à%0!$ Ðmerit.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà@ööìàC.€€Officer€Hawtinððs€TestimonyˆÐ ¤(ô#' Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€arresting€officerÐ )à$( Ðto€testify€that€he€had€released€one€hundred€and€fifty€(150)€people€whom€he€had€previously€stoppedÐ |*Ì%) Ðfor€DUI.€€The€appellant€argues€that€this€testimony€should€have€been€excluded€as€irrelevant.€€Tenn.Ð h+¸&* ÐR.€Evid.€401€provides€that€ð ðÔ‡XEXXXEÔðð[r]elevant€evidenceðð€means€evidence€having€any€tendency€to€make€theÐ ° Ðexistence€of€any€fact€that€is€of€consequence€to€the€determination€of€the€action€more€probable€or€lessÐ œì Ðprobable€than€it€would€be€without€the€evidence.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€402€explains€that,€once€evidenceÐ ˆØ Ðis€deemed€relevant,€it€is€admissible€unless€excluded€by€another€rule€of€evidence,€and€ð ð[e]videnceÐ tÄ Ðwhich€is€not€relevant€is€not€admissible.ðð€€On€appealÔ#†XEXXXEc#Ô,€ð ð[t]he€standard€of€review€where€the€decisionÐ `° Ðof€the€trial€judge€is€based€on€the€relevance€of€the€proffered€evidence€under€Rules€401€and€402€isÐ L œ Ðabuse€of€discretion.ðð€€òòState€v.€DuBoseóó,€953€S.W.2d€649,€652€(Tenn.€1997)€(footnotes€omitted).Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€the€course€of€explaining€to€the€jury€his€experience€with€motorists€who€drive€underÐ  ` Ðthe€influence,€Officer€Hawtin€testified€that,€in€1994,€he€ceased€counting€his€DUI€stops;€nevertheless,Ð ü L  Ðthe€officer€testified€that€he€has€arrested€at€least€two€hundred€(200)€individuals€for€DUI€and€hasÐ è 8  Ðreleased€approximately€one€hundred€and€fifty€(150)€others€after€determining€that€they€were€not€underÐ Ô$  Ðthe€influence.€€The€appellant€objected€to€the€relevance€of€this€testimony.€€Upon€consideration€of€theÐ À  Ðissue,€we€conclude€that€this€fact€is€relevant€in€assessing€the€officerððs€experience€and€ability€toÐ ¬ü  Ðrecognize€motorists€who€are€driving€under€the€influence.€€Accordingly,€as€the€evidence€is€relevant,Ð ˜è  Ðthe€trial€court€properly€admitted€this€testimony.€€However,€even€assuming€arguendo€that€the€officerððsÐ „Ô  Ðstatement€was€irrelevant,€the€contested€testimony€is€only€one€small€part€of€the€approximately€one€andÐ pÀ Ðone„half€days€of€testimony.€€Even€without€this€statement,€ð ð[t]he€evidence€of€the€defendant's€guilt€wasÐ \¬ Ðsufficiently€strong€for€us€to€conclude€that€the€[statement]€had€no€effect€on€the€jury's€verdict[].ðð€€òòStateÐ H˜ Ðv.€Johnny€LaCurtis€Phillipsóó,€No.€02C01-9307-CC-00160,€1994€WL€592050,€at€*10€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð 4„ ÐApp.€at€Jackson,€October€26,€1994),€òòaffððd€byóó€òòState€v.€Phillipsóó,€924€S.W.2d€662€(Tenn.€1996).€Ð  p ÐTherefore,€any€error€is€harmless.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€€The€appellant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€onÐ  \ Ðthis€issue.Ð øH ÐÌà@‡‡ìàD.€€Lesser„Included€OffenseˆÐ Ð  Ðà  àà ` àThe€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€instructing€the€jury€on€the€offenseÐ ¼  Ðof€driving€while€impaired€(DWI),€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„418(a)€(1998),€as€a€lesser„includedÐ ¨ø Ðoffense€of€driving€under€the€influence€(DUI),€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401.€€The€current€testÐ ”ä Ðemployed€by€this€court€to€determine€whether€an€offense€is€a€lesser„included€offense€is€enunciatedÐ €Ð Ðin€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€466„67€(Tenn.€1999).€€In€examining€the€precise€issue€before€us,€thisÐ l¼ Ðcourt€has€recently€held€ð ðthat€the€offense€of€adult€driving€while€impaired€is€not€a€lesser„includedÐ X ¨ Ðoffense€of€driving€under€the€influence€under€the€test€pronounced€in€òòBurnsóó.ðð€òòHumphreysóó,€No.€M2001„Ð D!” Ð00333„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€844400,€at€*9;€òòÔ‡XEXXXEÔsee€alsoóóÔ#†XEXXXE/q#Ô€òòState€v.€Robert€G.€Beanóó,€No.€M2000„02797„Ð 0"€  ÐCCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€1089760,€at€*6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashvile,€September€18,€2001);€òòStateÐ #l! Ðv.€Donald€Lee€Reidóó,€No.€M2000„02026„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€1028815,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð $X" Ðat€Nashville,€September€7,€2001)€(specifically€finding€that€DWI€is€not€a€lesser„included€offense€ofÐ ô$D # Ðdriving€under€the€influence€per€se,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401(a)(2)).€€We€are€persuaded€by€theseÐ à%0!$ Ðcases€and€are€convinced€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€refusing€to€charge€the€jury€on€DWI€as€aÐ Ì&"% Ðlesser„included€offense€of€DUI.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà@ËË ìàE.€€Jury€InstructionsˆÐ )à$( Ðà  àà ` àFinally,€the€appellant€complains€that€the€trial€courtððs€instruction€on€count€one€that€Ð |*Ì%) Ðan€individual€with€a€blood€alcohol€content€of€.10%€or€more€may€be€presumed€intoxicated€underÐ h+¸&* ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401(a)(1)€and€the€instruction€on€count€two€that,€pursuant€to€Tenn.€CodeÐ ° ÐAnn.€ðð€55„10„401(a)(2),€a€blood€alcohol€content€of€.10%€or€more€is€an€element€of€the€offense€of€DUIÐ œì Ðwas€so€unclear€as€to€confuse€or€mislead€the€jury.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€must€give€the€jury€ð ða€complete€charge€on€the€law€applicable€to€the€factsÐ `° Ðof€the€case.ðð€€òòState€v.€Phippsóó,€883€S.W.2d€138,€149€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€In€the€instant€case,Ð L œ Ðthe€appellant€was€charged€in€count€one€with€violating€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401(a)(1)€whichÐ 8 ˆ Ðprovides:Ð $ t Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÔ‡XEXXXEÔ(a)€It€is€unlawful€for€any€person€to€drive€or€to€be€in€physical€controlÐ  ` Ðof€any€automobile€or€other€motor€driven€vehicle€on€any€of€the€publicÐ ü L  Ðroads€and€highways€of€the€state,€or€on€any€streets€or€alleys,€or€whileÐ è 8  Ðon€the€premises€of€any€shopping€center,€trailer€park€or€any€apartmentÐ Ô$  Ðhouse€complex,€or€any€other€premises€which€is€generally€frequentedÐ À  Ðby€the€public€at€large,€while:Ьü ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(1)€Under€the€influence€of€any€intoxicant,€marijuana,€narcotic€drug,Ð „Ô  Ðor€drug€producing€stimulating€effects€on€the€central€nervous€system.Ð pÀ Ð.€.€.Ð\¬` x` x ÐAdditionally,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„408(a)€(1998)€Ô#†XEXXXElx#Ôexplains€that€ð ðevidence€that€there€was,€at€theÐ H˜ Ðtime€alleged,€ten-hundredths€of€one€percent€(.10%)€or€more€by€weight€of€alcohol€in€the€defendant'sÐ 4„ Ðblood€shall€create€a€presumption€that€the€defendant's€ability€to€drive€was€sufficiently€impairedÐ  p Ðthereby€to€constitute€a€violation€of€ðð€55-10-401(a)(1).ðð€€The€trial€court€instructed€the€jury,€on€countÐ  \ Ðone,€that€ð ð[e]vidence€from€the€test€that€there€was,€at€the€time€alleged,€ten„hundredths€of€one€percentÐ øH Ð(.10%)€or€more€by€weight€of€alcohol€in€the€defendantððs€blood,€creates€an€inference€that€the€defendantÐ ä4 Ðwas€under€the€influence€of€such€intoxicant,€and€that€his€ability€to€drive€was€impaired.ðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€count€two,€the€appellant€was€charged€alternatively€with€violating€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ¨ø Ððð€55„10„401(a)(2)€which€provides€that€it€is€illegal€for€a€person€to€drive€on€the€roads€of€this€StateÐ ”ä Ðwhile€ð ð[t]he€alcohol€concentration€in€such€person's€blood€or€breath€is€ten-hundredths€of€one€percentÐ €Ð Ð(.10%)€or€more.ðð€€The€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€clearly€explained€to€the€jury€that,€in€orderÐ l¼ Ðto€find€the€appellant€guilty€of€the€offense€charged€in€count€two,€the€State€must€have€proven€that,€asÐ X ¨ Ðone€of€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense,€ð ðthe€defendant€had,€at€the€time,€an€alcohol€concentrationÐ D!” Ðin€his€blood€of€ten„hundredths€of€one€percent€(.10)€or€more.ðð€€Accordingly,€ð ðbecause€[a]ppellant€wasÐ 0"€  Ðcharged€alternatively€under€both€subsection€55„10„401(a)(1)€and€subsection€55„10„401(a)(2),€the€trialÐ #l! Ðcourt€was€correct€when€it€instructed€the€jury€on€both€subsections.ðð€€òòState€v.€Steven€Overstreetóó,€No.Ð $X" Ð03C01„9706„CC„00248,€1998€WL€865424,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€December€15,Ð ô$D # Ð1998).€€We€find€nothing€confusing€about€the€trial€courtððs€explicit€instructions.€€The€appellant€is€notÐ à%0!$ Ðentitled€to€relief€on€this€issue.Ð Ì&"% Їà@MM"ìàòòò òIII.€€Conclusionóóó óˆÐ ° Ðà  àà ` àFinding€no€reversible€error,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð œì ÐÌà  à€Ð tÄ ÐÌÌà  à€Ð 8 ˆ Ðà  àà ` àÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Ô$  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€JUDGE