ÿWPCN #Ì‘°ŠÉƒLÝî§@+‡_‘…kfV-Ñ1€m«‰ÿøÁ¹-u›=âIBÅ`d—ßg4UÀÍè)¼kmDÿ“]’<ÂÆè\éíóF¬ST¸Ó­`"–fb#Á\ % N# 0ˆ% U N­ û û z Ò} zO ÒÉ ^ › w§ Æ« Æq Æ7Æý4ÃN×ÙèEê mìU @bCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 0ëKKKK B66 0¤S D3÷ D-* 0KWW AS¢Æõ 0¤» 0D_ A«£˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt×°‡+s Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Yo†)8q¨3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÆúI Z‹(Times New Roman - ù-(|G2ž<$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[õ»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôïÝò»»Ô d(|3Én$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[õ»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Én$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[õ»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€[õ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼[õ»»»ÔÑ8€YXXdì»»d8ÑÔ€¼[õ»»¼[õÔà@ttìàÔ‡î]Ë[õÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼[õ»îî]Ë;#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€October€2,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XYX»¼[õÔÌò òÔ#†¼[õ»XXYM#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€LEWIS€A.€Ô_ÔFORBESSÔ_ÔÔ‡XYX»¼[õÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€3977€€€€Joseph€H.€Walker,€III,€Judge€Ð æ 6 ÐÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½ ` AßÐ ¾   ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2001„00202„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€November€29,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Lewis€A.€Ô_ÔForbessÔ_Ô,€entered€pleas€of€guilt€to€aggravated€rape,€theft€of€property€Ð ŒÜ  Ðbetween€$10,000.00€and€$60,000.00,€aggravated€burglary,€and€possession€of€a€weapon€in€a€penalÐ xÈ  Ðfacility.€€The€trial€court€imposed€concurrent€sentences€as€follows:€€Ð d´ ÐÌòòOffense€à0 ` àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àTermà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àRangeóóÐ<ŒÈ(#È(# ÐÌAggravated€Rape€à0 ¸ àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#à25€years€à0h(#h(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#à100%€Violent€OffenderÐdÈ(#È(# ÐTheft€à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#à15€yearsà0h(#h(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àPersistent€OffenderÐPÈ(#È(# ÐAggravated€Burglary€à0 ¸ àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#à15€years€à0h(#h(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àPersistent€Offender€Ðì<È(#È(# ÐPossession€of€Contraband€à0  àà0h(#(#à10€years€à0h(#h(#àà0p(#(#àà0Èp(#p(#àPersistent€OffenderÐØ(È(#È(# Ðin€a€Penal€FacilityÐ Ä ÐÌThe€sentences€were€ordered€to€be€served€consecutively€to€an€earlier€burglary€sentence.€€In€this€appealÐ œì Ðof€right,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€sentences€are€excessive.€€The€judgments€are€affirmed.Ð ˆØ ÐÓÓÌÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgments€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ L œ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼[õ»àXYÙ#ÔÔ‡XYX.¼[õÔGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ôóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoseph€M.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ôóó€and€òòRobertÐ $"t! ÐW.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð #`" ÐÌGary€F.€Ô_ÔAntricanÔ_Ô,€District€Public€Defender,€for€the€appellant,€Lewis€A.€Ô_ÔForbessÔ_Ô.Ð è$8 $ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Patricia€C.€Ô_ÔKussmannÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð À&"& Ðand€Ryan€Brown€and€James€W.€Ô_ÔFreelandÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€Assistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,Ð ¬'ü"' ÐState€of€Tennessee.Ð ˜(è#( ÐÌÓÛ Óà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼[õ»XXY #ÔÔ‡XYX»¼[õÔÐ p*À%* ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼[õ»XXY…#ÔÓ  Óà  àÔ€XYX»¼[õÔOn€March€22,€2000,€the€defendant,€armed€with€a€gun,€forced€entry€to€the€residence€of€theÐ H,˜', Ðvictim,€Deborah€Ô_ÔAllardÔ_Ô.€€The€defendant€forcibly€raped€the€victim€and€then€stole€her€1997€DodgeÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_ÔStratus.€€Two€days€later,€the€defendant€was€arrested€in€Lafayette,€Louisiana,€after€he€had€broken€intoÐ ° Ða€building.€€Because€the€defendant€was€in€possession€of€Ms.€Allard's€car,€Louisiana€authoritiesÐ œì Ðcontacted€the€Tipton€County€Sheriff's€Department.€€After€the€defendant€was€transferred€to€this€state,Ð ˆØ Ðofficers€discovered€that€he€was€in€a€possession€of€a€shank€and€had€dug€the€mortar€from€around€threeÐ tÄ Ðsides€of€a€cinder€block€above€the€window€in€his€cell.Ð `° ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing€following€the€guilty€pleas,€the€trial€courtÐ 8 ˆ Ðdismissed€an€attempted€escape€charge€based€upon€the€defendant's€claim€that€he€understood€that€itÐ $ t Ðwould€be€dismissed€when€he€entered€the€plea€agreement.€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€victim€made€a€statement.€€The€defendant€offered€no€proof€but€Ð è 8  Ðfiled€a€document€claiming€mitigating€factors.€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€proceeding,€the€trial€courtÐ Ô$  Ðfound€no€statutory€mitigating€factors€as€to€either€the€aggravated€rape€or€the€aggravated€burglary.€€TheÐ À  Ðtrial€court€applied€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„113(1),€that€his€conduct€neither€caused€norÐ ¬ü  Ðthreatened€serious€bodily€injury,€as€a€mitigating€factor€to€the€convictions€for€theft€and€possession€ofÐ ˜è  Ðcontraband.€€The€trial€court,€however,€assigned€"very€little€weight"€to€that€factor.€€The€trial€courtÐ „Ô  Ðfound€enhancement€factor€(1),€that€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÐ pÀ Ðcriminal€behavior€in€addition€to€that€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range,€applicable€to€eachÐ \¬ Ðof€the€four€offenses.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€As€to€the€aggravated€rape,€the€theft,€andÐ H˜ Ðthe€aggravated€burglary,€the€trial€court€applied€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„114(13)€becauseÐ 4„ Ðthe€felonies€were€committed€while€the€defendant€was€on€parole.€€The€trial€court€concluded€that€theÐ  p Ðenhancement€factors€"greatly€outweighed"€any€mitigating€factors€as€to€the€aggravated€rape,€assessingÐ  \ Ðthe€maximum€possible€sentence€of€25€years.€€The€trial€court€also€assigned€great€weight€to€theÐ øH Ðenhancement€factors€as€to€the€theft€and€the€aggravated€burglary,€imposing€the€maximum€possibleÐ ä4 Ðsentences€of€15€years€for€each€conviction.€€A€sentence€of€10€years€was€imposed€for€the€convictionÐ Ð  Ðof€possession€of€contraband€in€a€penal€facility,€for€which€the€range€of€punishment€was€between€10Ð ¼  Ðand€15€years.€€While€the€trial€court€stated€a€basis€for€consecutive€sentencing,€it€approved€the€pleaÐ ¨ø Ðagreement€which€provided€for€concurrent€sentencing€on€all€counts.€€After€the€imposition€of€sentence,Ð ”ä Ðthe€defendant€made€derogatory€remarks€about€the€victim,€indicating€his€lack€of€remorse€andÐ €Ð Ðdisrespect€for€the€criminal€statutes.€€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€"showed€bias"€by€first€expressing€a€desire€toÐ D!” Ðimpose€consecutive€sentencing€before€being€reminded€that€the€plea€agreement€provided€forÐ 0"€  Ðconcurrent€sentences€and€then€by€imposing€the€maximum€penalty€for€three€of€the€offenses.€€MoreÐ #l! Ðspecifically,€the€defendant€complains€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€first€considering€mitigating€factorsÐ $X" Ðand€then€considering€the€enhancement€factors.€€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„35„210(e)€provides€as€follows:Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà8  àà ` àShould€there€be€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€.€.€.€,€the€court€must€startÐ ¤(ô#' Ðat€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range,€enhance€the€sentence€within€the€range€asÐ )à$( Ðappropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors,€then€reduce€the€sentence€within€the€rangeÐ |*Ì%) Ðas€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€Ðh+¸&*Ð Ð  Їà  àBased€upon€the€trial€court's€failure€to€follow€the€procedure€as€established€by€statute,€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€asserts€that€the€trial€judge's€"personal€feelings€came€into€play."€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€it€is€theÐ tÄ Ðduty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€byÐ `° Ðthe€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€uponÐ L œ Ðthe€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ 8 ˆ Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.Ð $ t ÐJonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€600€(Tenn.€1994).€€"If€the€trial€court€applies€inappropriate€factors€orÐ  ` Ðotherwise€fails€to€follow€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€the€presumption€of€correctness€falls."€€òòState€v.Ð ü L  ÐSheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€The€Sentencing€Commission€CommentsÐ è 8  Ðprovide€that€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ Ô$  ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.Ð À  ÐÌà  àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencingÐ ˜è  Ðhearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counselÐ „Ô  Ðrelative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigatingÐ pÀ Ðor€enhancing€factors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€theÐ \¬ Ðdefendant's€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210;Ð H˜ ÐòòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àIn€calculating€the€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€conviction,€the€presumptive€sentence€is€theÐ  \ Ðmidpoint€within€the€range€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„Ð øH Ð35„210(c).€€If€there€are€enhancement€factors€but€no€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€shall€set€theÐ ä4 Ðsentence€at€or€above€the€midpoint.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d).€€If€there€are€mitigating€factorsÐ Ð  Ðbut€no€enhancement€factors,€the€trial€court€shall€set€the€sentence€at€or€below€the€midpoint.€€òòId.óó€€AÐ ¼  Ðsentence€involving€both€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€requires€an€assignment€of€relativeÐ ¨ø Ðweight€for€the€enhancement€factors€as€a€means€of€increasing€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð ”ä Ð210(e).€€The€sentence€must€then€be€reduced€within€the€range€by€any€weight€assigned€to€the€mitigatingÐ €Ð Ðfactors€present.€€òòId.óó€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àIn€calculating€the€sentence€for€a€Class€B,€C,€D,€or€E€felony€conviction,€the€presumptiveÐ D!” Ðsentence€is€the€minimum€in€the€range€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ 0"€  ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€If€there€are€enhancement€but€no€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€may€set€theÐ #l! Ðsentence€above€the€minimum,€but€still€within€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d).€€AÐ $X" Ðsentence€involving€both€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€requires€an€assignment€of€relativeÐ ô$D # Ðweight€for€the€enhancement€factors€as€a€means€of€increasing€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð à%0!$ Ð210(e).€€The€sentence€must€then€be€reduced€within€the€range€by€any€weight€assigned€to€the€mitigatingÐ Ì&"% Ðfactors€present.€€òòId.óóÐ ¸'#& ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€made€extensive€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law,€specifically€makingÐ )à$( Ðreference€to€"the€principles€of€sentencing€and€considerations€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€the€natureÐ |*Ì%) Ðand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved."€€As€the€defendant€alleges,€the€trial€court€firstÐ h+¸&* Ðobserved€the€presence€of€mitigating€factors€and€indicated€their€lack€of€weight€before€addressing€theÐ ° Ðenhancement€factors.€€Typically,€our€statutory€law€contemplates€the€reverse€procedure.€€In€thisÐ œì Ðinstance,€however,€the€result€would€be€the€same.€€In€the€three€offenses€where€maximum€sentencesÐ ˆØ Ðwere€imposed,€the€trial€court€gave€great€weight€to€two€enhancement€factors€before€adding€fiveÐ tÄ Ðadditional€years€to€each€term.€€The€record€supports€the€application€of€each€of€the€enhancementÐ `° Ðfactors.€€Because€so€little€weight€was€given€the€mitigating€factors,€maximum€sentences,€in€our€view,Ð L œ Ðwere€entirely€appropriate.€€The€defendant€received€the€minimum€sentence€for€having€a€weapon€inÐ 8 ˆ Ða€penal€institution€and€the€trial€court€approved€the€plea€agreement€which€provided€for€concurrentÐ $ t Ðsentences.€€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àIn€our€view,€the€defendant€has€failed€to€establish€any€personal€bias€on€the€part€of€the€trialÐ è 8  Ðjudge.€€Furthermore,€the€record€supports€each€of€the€sentences€imposed.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgments€are€affirmed.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð \¬ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE