ÿWPCÏ  8yºZ^éÅÓ)ˆKìcCÑ3¨˜rûøÒRvš°$Ð ®Àhy<14EŒ­C™º£Ý‰ntŽ)ý²¨”‘JÕ½ð+ÙG?H¶w^U˜4‘!÷:Ö˜¤GËý&³ù 73Ò» gÄ),þ ÆLsvòfßÙy}þÖ(^?¾ž«HëE¼¥ìu%äýI\¿ÙÀÞ¶ªI¶à¶”½`»~Œ;qáÇ+ìàß×û†U?†ï¶($QHó±Z(´šø¤0ü'¼» ›jBðóÞn>¨ãÀFjݦ?Úx)ë(ÅMŸVä±´e˜lÖÉ>Ó¼Ú9ñÞè´;PGNªg"8É°·J]ŠwQ‘à¸=ú>Z/õ ºFHfrmŒc% k~°Ø~kóT¦F^ÖîRHrÝ?áCQÃL¦R¨w5ìçÜ̒€*Jˆä³8ÍucòŸ‚¼–+ÂŽR©ËŒ±lÂòv½‹] (”1.Å! Ê–çûÉnfl:µ±ýeÍæ MŒ¸¾*¨<7;<äë3~øn-ne=^P¦ˆ¢%í/ü›Å´èÆí©ÝO&2w—Õ=S~BÒðžEm˜·DäÿUðÕ¡ ±ˆÄ©]@i^;<ò*# LUNW %¥ 0(«U :ÓU: U:Gw@4ÁÕä*ìU: AQPÆ¡ 0Dg 0D« 0Dï ï D/3 Bb B D3œ ˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLàÏ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular, øð AZ"Arial Regular –—E˜™Dš›EœEžŸÓ€:M+%3|xª Ý ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ XZ,XXXÔÔ€ …aX XZ,ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ XZ,X …aÔÐ  ÐÌò òSeptember€16,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ôÊ÷ôX XZ,ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular!"#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd'''''ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝñŸñ›ñŸñÔ€X, XXXÔÔ‡X, XXX, ÔÑ` °ÑÑÜ°ÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑòòÑ7€, XdðXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑñŸñßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` ttx$X` ð Úrß›ñŸñà@j j ÚàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ `  ÐÌÓ  ÓAT€KNOXVILLEóóÐ @ à ÐÓ ÓÌà@(ÚàJULY€1998€SESSIONˆÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à ” àà ì àà D à*€à œ àNo.€03C01„9709„CC„00385Ð à€ Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àÌà Œ àà ä àAppellee,à ” àà ì àà D à*à œ àBlount€CountyÐ À`  Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à€Ìvs.à Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à*à œ àHon.€D.€Kelly€Thomas,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ  @  ÐÌBRIAN€W.€GAINES,à ” àà ì àà D à*à œ à(Delivery€of€Cocaine)Ð €  ÐÌà Œ àà ä àAppellant.à ” àà ì àà D à*Ð ` ÐÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àòòFor€Appelleeóó:Ð   ÐÌJulie€A.€Martinà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ à€ ÐAttorney€à ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ Ð p ÐP.O.€Box€426€ÌKnoxville,€TN€€37901„0426à ì àà D àà œ àEllen€H.€PollackÐ °"P Ð(on€appeal)à ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ  #@ Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌStacey€D.€Nordquistà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÔ#†X, XXX, E#ÔNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ô‡X, XXX, ÔÐ €%  ÐAssistant€District€Public€Defenderà D àà œ àÐ p& Ð419€High€Streetà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÔ#†X, XXX, Œ #ÔPhilip€MortonÔ‡X, XXX, ÔÐ `'  ÐMaryville,€TN€€37804à ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÔ#†X, XXX, Š #ÔAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÔ‡X, XXX, ÔÐ P(ð! Ð(at€trial)à ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÔ#†X, XXX, H #ÔBlount€County€CourthouseÔ‡X, XXX, ÔÐ @)à" Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÔ#†X, XXX, #Ô363€Court€StreetÔ‡X, XXX, ÔÐ 0*Ð # Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÔ#†X, XXX, Ä #ÔMaryville,€TN€€37804Ô‡X, XXX, ÔÐ  +À!$ Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àà ô àà L àà ¤ àà ü! àà T$ à¼à Œ àà ä àÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:___________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÐ  @8à.2S ÐÓÓà@33-Úàòòò òOPINIONó óóóˆÐ `  ÐÔ#†X, XXX, ƒ #Ôà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€Brian€W.€Gaines,€was€convicted€of€delivery€of€over€0.5Ð @ à Ðgram€of€cocaine,€a€Class€B€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant,€whoÏqualified€as€a€Range€I€offender,€to€nine€years€imprisonment.€€A€fine€of€$100,000.00Ïwas€imposed.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€presents€the€following€issues€forÏreview:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(I)€€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(II)€€whether€a€photograph€of€the€defendant€wasÏimproperly€admitted€into€evidence;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(III)€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€provide€aÏmissing€witness€instruction;€andÐ ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(IV)€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€misapplying€anÏenhancement€factor€and€by€denying€an€alternativeÏsentence.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÓyÓÌà Œ àà ä àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€the€summer€of€1996,€Horace€Cardin€worked€as€an€undercover€drugÏbuyer€for€Blount€County€Metro€Narcotics.€€In€the€early€afternoon€of€July€31,€he€metÏwith€law€enforcement€officials€to€prepare€for€a€purchase€of€illegal€drugs.€€OfficersÏsearched€Cardin€and€provided€him€a€transmitter€and€$100.00€in€cash.€€They€alsoÏsearched€his€car€and€installed€a€video€recorder€on€the€dashboard.€€Cardin€thenÏdrove€to€an€area€of€Alcoa€that€is€well„known€for€drug€activity.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOn€South€Fulton€Street,€Cardin€encountered€three€black€malesÏstanding€in€front€of€a€house.€€The€first€man,€later€identified€as€co„defendant€WalterÐ P7ð-1 ÐWaters,€waved€to€Cardin€and€asked€what€he€wanted.€€Cardin€replied,€"I'd€like€to€getÏa€good€hundred€if€I€could,"€meaning€that€he€wished€to€buy€$100.00€worth€of€crackÐ  9ª/5 Ðcocaine.€€Waters€returned€to€where€the€two€other€males€were€standing€and€the€oneÏidentified€at€trial€as€the€defendant€went€inside€the€house.€€The€other,€later€identifiedÏas€Mark€Wimbley,€approached€the€car€and€directed€Cardin€to€park€off€the€street.€ÏWithin€a€few€minutes,€the€defendant€returned€and€handed€Cardin€four€packets€ofÏcrack€cocaine€in€exchange€for€the€cash.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àCardin,€who€testified€that€he€got€a€"full€view€of€[the€defendant's]€face,"Ïmet€with€officers€that€afternoon,€provided€a€description€of€the€defendant€and€turnedÏover€the€crack€cocaine.€€He€described€the€defendant€as€fairly€tall€and€having€hairÏabout€one„half€inch€long€and€a€goatee.€€Cardin€recalled€that€the€defendant€wore€aÏMalcolm€X€t„shirt.€€He€identified€a€single€photograph€of€the€defendant€that€afternoonÏand€later€positively€identified€him€at€trial.€€The€video€tape,€which€was€played€for€theÏjury,€included€the€chin€of€the€individual€who€delivered€the€drugs,€the€top€of€his€head,Ïand€his€clothing€but€did€not€capture€his€full€facial€features.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àCardin€admitted€that€he€had€prior€felony€convictions€for€aggravatedÏassault€and€bail„jumping.€€He€acknowledged€that€he€received€about€$50.00€for€eachÏundercover€drug€buy€and€that,€in€return,€he€was€expected€to€testify€when€the€matterÏcame€to€trial.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àRon€Talbott,€a€Blount€Metro€Narcotics€Officer,€followed€Cardin€to€withinÏa€block€of€Fulton€Street.€€After€the€buy,€he€met€with€Cardin€and€collected€four€plasticÏbags€containing€crack€cocaine.€€When€Officer€Talbott€viewed€the€video,€heÏimmediately€recognized€Waters€but€did€not€recognize€Wimbley.€€Officer€TalbottÏthought€the€third€individual€looked€familiar€but€could€not€recall€his€name.€€WhenÏOfficer€Talbott€met€with€Cardin€later€that€day€to€prepare€for€another€buy,€he€showedÏCardin€photographs€of€Waters€and€the€defendant.€€Cardin€identified€Waters€as€theÐ 8¸.4 Ðfirst€individual€to€approach€him€and€the€defendant€as€the€man€who€sold€him€theÏcrack€cocaine.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àLester€Parker,€another€informant€for€Blount€Metro€Narcotics,€hasÏknown€the€defendant€and€co„defendant€Waters€since€grade€school.€€At€trial,€ParkerÏtestified€that,€just€after€Cardin€returned€from€the€drug€purchase,€Officer€Jim€HarrisÏasked€him€to€view€the€videotape€and€make€an€identification.€€He€recognized€WatersÏas€the€first€man€to€approach€Cardin,€the€second€man€as€Mark€Wimbley,€and€theÏthird€as€the€defendant.€€Parker€then€drove€to€Fulton€Street€where€he€saw€theÏdefendant,€standing€by€the€same€house€and€wearing€the€same€clothing€as€depictedÏin€the€video.€€Parker€testified€that€he€based€his€identification€on€the€head,€chin,€voiceÏand€clothing€of€the€defendant.€€Officer€Talbott,€who€was€present€while€Parker€viewedÏthe€video,€testified€that€Parker€recognized€the€three€individuals:€"[a]s€soon€as€heÏwalked€in€...€and€looked€at€it€...€he€called€them€by€name."€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àCarl€Smith€of€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€concluded€thatÏthe€four€rocks€weighed€0.32€gram,€0.21€gram,€0.23€gram€and€0.26€gram,€Ïrespectively,€for€a€total€weight€of€1.0€gram.€€Each€contained€cocaine€base.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€presented€no€proof.ÌÌà@¾¾0ÚàIˆÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€On€appeal,Ïof€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€allÏreasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571Ð €4 +0 ÐS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€to€beÏgiven€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€proof€are€mattersÐ 8¸.4 Ðentrusted€to€the€jury€as€trier€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.Ð `  ÐCrim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevantÏquestion€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏstate,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crimeÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983);Ð 0 ÐTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIt€is€an€offense€to€knowingly€deliver€a€controlled€substance.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð ô”  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(a)(2),€(c)(2).€€A€person€acts€knowingly€"when€the€person€isÏaware€that€the€conduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„11„302(b).€€"'Deliver'€or€'delivery'€means€the€actual,€constructive,€or€attemptedÏtransfer€from€one€person€to€another€of€a€controlled€substance,€whether€or€not€thereÏis€an€agency€relationship."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„402(6).€€Cocaine€is€a€scheduleÏII€controlled€substance.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„408.€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€our€view,€the€jury€acted€within€its€prerogative€by€determining€that€theÏdefendant€delivered€cocaine€to€Cardin€on€South€Fulton€Street.€€Cardin€testified€heÏwas€certain€that€the€defendant€handed€him€the€cocaine€in€exchange€for€his€money.ÏHe€stated€that€he€had€an€opportunity€to€"get€a€view€of€his€face."€€Parker€alsoÏidentified€the€defendant€as€the€individual€in€the€video€tape€who€delivered€theÏcocaine.€ÌÌà@¢¢/ÚàIIˆÌà Œ àà ä àNext,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€admitting€aÏphotograph€of€the€defendant.€€Defense€counsel€argued€that€the€photo€should€haveÏbeen€excluded€because€the€state€did€not€comply€with€the€rules€of€discovery.€€€TheÏdefendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€grant€a€mistrial€whenÐ 8¸.4 ÐOfficer€Talbott€testified€that€he€had€"pulled€a€picture"€of€the€defendant,€because€thatÏlanguage€could€lead€the€jury€to€believe€the€defendant€had€a€prior€criminal€record.€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä à€The€defendant's€pretrial€discovery€motion€is€not€in€the€record.€ÏDiscovery€is€"always€triggered€by€the€defendant€...."€€Rule€16,€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.,ÏAdvisory€Commission€Comments.€€Because€there€is€no€discovery€motion€or€order€inÏthe€record,€this€issue€must€be€treated€as€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b);€òòState€v.Ð (È  ÐMilleróó,€737€S.W.2d€556,€558€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Nevertheless,€the€defendantÐ ô”  Ðwould€not€prevail€on€the€merits€because€he€has€not€demonstrated€prejudice.€€WhenÏthere€has€been€a€failure€to€produce€discoverable€material€within€the€allotted€time,Ïthe€trial€judge€has€the€discretion€to€fashion€an€appropriate€remedy,€such€as€aÏcontinuance.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(d)(2).€€Whether€the€defendant€has€beenÏprejudiced€by€the€failure€to€disclose€is€always€a€significant€factor.€€òòState€v.€Bakeróó,Ð ð Ð751€S.W.2d€154,€160€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Exclusion€of€the€evidence€is€aÏdrastic€remedy€and€should€not€be€implemented€unless€there€is€no€other€reasonableÏalternative.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€€v.€Houseóó,€743€S.W.2d€141,€147€(Tenn.€1987).€Ð T$ô ÐAlthough€the€trial€court€admitted€the€photograph€,€it€ordered€the€state€to€removeÏ"Blount€County€Sheriff's€Department"€and€the€dates.€€In€our€view,€the€trial€courtÏprovided€a€reasonable€alternative.€€Without€the€designation€and€date,€theÏphotograph€does€not€necessarily€appear€to€be€a€mug€shot€from€a€prior€arrest.€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àThe€admissibility€of€photographs€is€governed€by€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€403.ÏòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Banksóó,€564€S.W.2d€947€(Tenn.€1978).€€"Although€relevant,€evidenceÐ è0ˆ', Ðmay€be€excluded€if€its€probative€value€is€substantially€outweighed€by€the€danger€ofÏunfair€prejudice,€confusion€of€the€issues,€or€misleading€the€jury€...."€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.Ï403.€€The€evidence€must€be€relevant€and€its€probative€value€must€outweigh€anyÏprejudicial€effect.€€òòBanksóó,€564€S.W.2d€at€950-51.€€Whether€to€admit€the€photographsÐ 8¸.4 Ðis€within€the€discretionary€authority€of€the€trial€court€and€will€not€be€reversed€absentÏa€clear€showing€of€an€abuse.€€òòState€v.€Dickersonóó,€885€S.W.2d€90,€92€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð , Ì ÐApp.€1993).€€That€the€photograph€might€be€viewed€as€a€mug€shot€is€not€sufficient€toÏcause€an€inference€of€previous€criminal€activity.€€òòState€v.€Washingtonóó,€658€S.W.2dÐ Äd Ð144€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àFinally,€the€decision€whether€to€grant€a€mistrial€is€within€the€trial€court'sÏdiscretion€and€will€not€be€disturbed€absent€an€abuse€of€that€discretion.€€òòState€v.Ð ô”  ÐMillbrooksóó,€819€S.W.2d€441,€443€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€"Generally€a€mistrial€willÐ À` Ðbe€declared€in€a€criminal€case€only€when€there€is€a€'manifest€necessity'€requiringÏsuch€by€the€trial€judge."€€òòId.óó€at€443.€€Here,€the€trial€court€clearly€acted€within€itsÐ Xø Ðdiscretionary€authority€when€it€ruled€that€Officer€Talbott's€statement€that€he€hadÏ"pulled€a€picture"€was€not€an€adequate€basis€for€a€mistrial.€€In€the€context€of€theÏentire€trial,€any€error€was€clearly€harmless€given€the€totality€of€the€evidenceÏpresented€at€trial.€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€€ÌÌà@††/ÚàIIIˆÌà Œ àà ä àNext,€the€defendant€maintains€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€toÏinstruct€the€jury€that€Mark€Wimbley€was€a€"missing€witness."€€Wimbley,€identified€asÏthe€man€who€directed€Cardin€to€park€out€of€the€street,€was€not€charged€with€anyÏoffense€and€did€not€testify€at€trial.€€Officer€Talbott€stated€that€Wimbley€hadÏdisappeared€"prior€to€[the]€arrest€of€several€people€involved€in€sales€over€there."€€HeÏtestified€that€the€District€Attorney€had€not€made€any€arrangement€to€refrain€fromÏcharging€Wimbley€in€this€case€and€that€he€did€not€think€Wimbley€was€implicated€inÏthe€drug€transaction€with€Cardin.€€ñˆñœñˆñOfficerñˆñ›ñˆñ€Talbott€was€unaware€that€Wimbley€ñˆñœñˆñhadÏbeen€named€asñˆñ›ñˆñ€a€state€witness€œñˆñœñˆññŒñiñŒñññoññnñˆñ›ñˆñ›€an€ñˆñœñˆñindictment€œñŽñfor›€añŽñññin€an€ññññ›€ññunrelated›€murderñˆñ›ñˆñ€ñˆñœñˆñcharge.€ÏThere€was€no€proof€that€Wimbley€was€a€cooperating€witness€for€the€state.€€Ð 8¸.4 Їà Œ àà ä àToñˆñ›ñˆñ€justify€the€missing€witness€instruction€in€this€instance,€the€evidence,Ïstrictly€construed,€must€indicate€that€this€witness€was€peculiarly€available€to€the€stateÏand€had€knowledge€of€the€material€facts€at€issue;€if€the€state,€under€theseÏcircumstances,€fails€to€call€the€witness€or€give€a€reasonable€explanation€for€a€failureÏto€do€so,€the€defendant€is€entitled€to€have€the€trial€court€give€instructions€that€the€juryÏòòmayóó€òòinferóó€that€had€the€witness€been€called,€his€testimony€would€have€beenÐ \ü  Ðdetrimental€to€the€state.€€òòState€v.€Wilsonóó,€687€S.W.2d€720€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984)Ð (È  Ð(emphasis€added).€€The€witness€must€have€knowledge€of€material€facts,€aÏrelationship€must€exist€between€the€witness€and€the€state€that€would€naturally€inclineÏhim€to€favor€the€state,€and€the€witness€must€have€been€available€to€the€process€ofÏthe€court.€€òòDelk€v.€Stateóó,€590€S.W.2d€435€(Tenn.€1979);€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885Ð Xø ÐS.W.2d€797,€804€(Tenn.€1994).€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àWimbley,€an€eyewitness€to€the€drug€transaction,€ñˆñœñˆñobviously€hadñˆñ›ñˆñÏknowledge€of€material€facts.€€ñˆñœñˆñHisñˆñ›ñˆñ€testimony€ñˆñœñˆñmay€or€may€not€have€supportedñˆñ›ñˆñ€theÏtheory€of€the€state€as€to€the€identity€of€the€defendant.€€We€conclude,€however,€thatÏWimbley's€being€on€a€possible€witness€list€for€the€state€œñ‘ñiñ‘ññ’ñoñ’ñn›€an€unrelated€charge€is€notÏenough,€standing€alone,€to€establish€a€natural€inclination€on€his€part€to€favor€theÏstate.€€Officer€Talbott€testified€that€there€was€no€"deal"€with€Wimbley€and€the€reasonÏWimbley€was€not€charged€was€because€he€appeared€to€be€innocent€of€wrongdoing.€ÏWimbley€did€not€approach€Cardin€to€inquire€what€he€needed,€nor€did€he€participateÏin€the€actual€transaction.€€Officer€Talbott€explained€that€Wimbley€had€disappearedÏand€could€not€be€located.€€Wimbley€was€not,€in€our€view,€peculiarly€available€to€theÏstate€and€simultaneously€unavailable€to€the€defense.€€The€defendant's€bareÏassertion€that€"someone€for€the€State€knew€where€[Wimbley]€was€...."€does€not€meetÏthe€test.ÌÐ 8¸.4 Ðà@{{/ÚàIVˆÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€misapplied€anÏenhancement€factor€and€incorrectly€presumed€that€the€defendant€was€not€eligible€forÏan€alternative€sentence.€€We€find€œthe›€œenhanceñ•ñdñ•ñ›€œñ–ñseñ–ññ—ññ–ñtñ–ññ—ññ˜ñntence€was€warrantedñ˜ññ™ññ˜ñ.€€ñ˜ñfactor›€was›€properly›€applied›€anñ™ññšñ€añšññ›ññšñmd€ñšññ›ññññœñmñœññññžñnñžñd›€affirmÏdenial€of€an€alternative€sentence.ÌÌÔ‡XÚ–XXXÚ–Ôà Œ àà ä àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€ofÐ (È  Ða€sentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€aÐ ô”  Ðpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showingÏin€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€Ô#†XÚ–XXXÚ–¯H#Ô€"IfÐ $Ä Ðthe€trial€court€applies€inappropriate€factors€or€otherwise€fails€to€follow€the€1989ÏSentencing€Act,€the€presumption€of€correctness€falls."€€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€854€S.W.2dÐ ¼ \ Ð116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€provideÏthat€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence.€€Ô‡XÚ–XXXÚ–ÔÐ T$ô ÐÌà Œ àà ä àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€atÏthe€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€ofÏsentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€theÏnature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)Ïany€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€the€defendant'sÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€and€Ì„210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Ð ´2T). ÐÌà Œ àà ä àAt€the€time€of€this€offense,€the€presumptive€sentence€was€theÏminimum€in€the€range€if€there€were€no€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.Ð 8¸.4 ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€Should€the€trial€court€find€mitigating€and€enhancementÏfactors,€it€must€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range€and€enhance€theÏsentence€based€upon€any€applicable€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€theÏsentence€based€upon€any€appropriate€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„¼210(e).€€The€weight€given€to€each€factor€is€within€the€trial€court's€discretion€providedÏthat€the€record€supports€its€findings€and€it€complies€with€the€1989€Act.€€òòSeeóó€òòAshbyóó,Ð \ü  Ð823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€The€trial€court€should,€however,€make€specific€findings€on€theÏrecord€which€indicate€its€application€of€the€sentencing€principles.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðððð€40„35„209€and€„210.€€Ô#†XÚ–XXXÚ–¡L#ÔÐ À` ÐÌÔ‡XÚ–XXXÚ–Ôà Œ àà ä àThe€purpose€of€the€Community€Corrections€Act€of€1985€was€to€provideÐ Xø Ðan€alternative€means€of€punishment€for€"selected,€nonviolent€felony€offenders€inÏfront-end€community€based€alternatives€to€incarceration."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40-36-103.€€The€Community€Corrections€sentence€provides€a€desired€degree€ofÏflexibility€that€may€be€both€beneficial€to€the€defendant€yet€serve€legitimate€societalÏaims.€€òòState€v.€Griffithóó,€787€S.W.2d€340,€342€(Tenn.€1990).€€Even€in€cases€where€theÐ T$ô Ðdefendant€meets€the€minimum€requirements€of€the€Community€Corrections€Act€ofÏ1985,€the€defendant€is€not€necessarily€entitled€to€be€sentenced€under€the€Act€as€aÏmatter€of€law€or€right.€€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€744€S.W.2d€919€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.1987).€Ð ¸)X $ ÐThe€following€offenders€are€eligible€for€Community€Corrections:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(1)€€Persons€who,€without€this€option,€would€beÏincarcerated€in€a€correctional€institution;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(2)€€Persons€who€are€convicted€of€property-related,€orÏdrug/alcohol-related€felony€offenses€or€other€felonyÏoffenses€òònot€involving€crimes€against€the€personóó€asÐ Î1n(- Ðprovided€in€title€39,€chapter€2€[repealed],€parts€1-3€andÏ5-7€or€title€39,€chapter€13,€parts€1-5;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(3)€€Persons€who€are€convicted€of€nonviolent€felonyÏoffenses;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(4)€€Persons€who€are€convicted€of€felony€offenses€inÏwhich€the€use€or€possession€of€a€weapon€was€notÐ þ8ž/5 Ðinvolved;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(5)€€Persons€who€do€not€demonstrate€a€present€or€pastÏpattern€of€behavior€indicating€violence;Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(6)€€Persons€who€do€not€demonstrate€a€pattern€ofÏcommitting€violent€offenses;€€andÐ ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(7)€€Persons€who€are€sentenced€to€incarceration€or€onÏescape€at€the€time€of€consideration€will€not€be€eligible.€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40-36-106(a)€(emphasis€added).Ô#†XÚ–XXXÚ–fR#ÔÐ Bâ  ÐÌà Œ àà ä àThe€defendant,€forty„one€years€old,€is€married,€and€has€three€childrenÏand€two€step„children.€€He€graduated€from€Alcoa€High€School€in€1974€and€attendedÏPellissippi€State€Community€College€for€six€months€in€1994.€€From€1979€until€1993,Ïwhen€he€was€laid€off,€the€defendant€worked€for€the€Aluminum€Company€of€AmericaÏas€a€tacman.€€He€obtained€employment€as€a€tree€trimmer€in€1996€but€wasÏterminated€when€arrested€and€charged€in€this€case.€€€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àWhile€he€maintains€that€he€enjoys€good€physical€and€mental€health,€heÏhas€suffered€from€depression€since€his€arrest€and€incarceration.€€He€also€has€a€longÏhistory€of€drug€abuse.€€He€was€hospitalized€in€1982€and€1989€for€treatment€of€drugÏaddiction.€€He€admitted€to€using€cocaine€regularly€since€1979.€€He€last€used€cocaineÏseveral€days€prior€to€his€arrest.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAt€the€age€of€twenty,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€selling€marijuanaÏand€received€a€one„year€suspended€sentence.€€Four€years€later,€he€was€arrested€forÏassault€and€battery€but€these€charges€were€dismissed.€€In€1983,€he€was€arrested€forÏdriving€while€intoxicated€and€possession€of€marijuana.€€While€the€charge€for€drivingÏwhile€intoxicated€was€dismissed,€he€was€convicted€of€possession€of€marijuana.€Ìà Œ àÌà Œ àà ä àAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€defendant€maintained€his€innocenceÐ þ8ž/5 Ðand€asked€for€a€sentence€involving€drug€treatment.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€RangeÏI€sentence€of€nine„years.€€The€defendant€was€fined€$100,000.00.€€The€trial€courtÏfound€that€the€defendant€had€a€history€of€criminal€behavior€and€prior€criminalÏconvictions.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€€The€trial€court€also€concluded€thatÏthe€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€the€offense,€stating€the€he€wasÏ"evidently€in€charge€...."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(2).€€For€the€factor€to€apply,Ïone€does€not€have€to€be€the€leader€in€the€offense,€but€merely€a€leader€in€theÏcommission€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Angele€Franklinóó,€No.ñ‰ñ€ñ‰ññŠñÐ ô”  ÐñŠñ03C01-9402-CR-ñ‹ñÐ ô”  Ðñ‹ñ00061€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€Sept.€27,€1995),€òòapp.€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€Mar.€4,Ð À` Ð1996).€€Although€there€is€little€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€this€factor,€theÏenhanced€sentence€is€warranted€based€on€the€defendant's€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€and€behavior.€€In€consequence,€we€affirm€the€length€of€the€sentence.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€our€view,€the€trial€court€erroneously€concluded€that€the€defendantÏwas€ineligible€for€alternative€sentencing.€€Ô‡XÚ–XXXÚ–ÔEven€with€a€nine„year€sentence,€theÐ ˆ"( Ðdefendant€meets€the€threshold€qualifications€for€community€corrections.€€òòState€v.Ð T$ô ÐReginald€Hannumóó,€No.€03C01„9710„CC„00480€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€JuneÐ  &À  Ð26€1998).€Ô#†XÚ–XXXÚ–¢e#Ô€Convicted€of€a€Class€B€felony,€the€defendant,€however,€is€not€presumedÐ ì'Œ" Ðto€be€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„¼102(6).€€He€has€a€handful€of€prior€convictions€and€has€admitted€to€almost€twentyÏyears€of€regular€cocaine€use.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(A).€€AlthoughÐ P-ð#( Ðhe€has€been€through€two€in„patient€drug€treatment€programs,€he€has€been€unable€toÏmanage€the€addiction.€€In€this€regard,€he€does€not€appear€to€be€a€favorableÏcandidate€for€rehabilitation.€€This€leads€us€to€believe€that€the€there€is€little€likelihoodÏof€success€in€the€community€corrections€program.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(5).€ÏOn€the€other€hand,€he€has€a€consistent€work€history,€including€eighteen€years€ofÏservice€with€a€single€employer,€and€he€expresses€a€desire€to€obtain€furtherÐ 8¸.4 Ðtreatment€for€his€drug€addiction.€€While€these€considerations€weigh€in€favor€of€anÏalternative€sentence,€the€seriousness€of€the€offense€and€need€for€deterrenceÏsuggest€that€he€serve€his€sentence€with€the€Department€of€Correction.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B).€ÌÌà Œ àà ä àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€ÌÌÓÓà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à__________________________________Ìà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àGary€R.€Wade,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ________________________________ÌJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ________________________________ÌDavid€H.€Welles,€Judge