WPC6 mU7JoWI+x+񣴣U_>d7vu|fٚŒq+-jzytOMsvCӟF[)CJ GߺS _^M TJEbX 1u 0UE 0 0} 0B 0 0 0m 0 0 0b 0' 0 0 0X 0 0 0; 0 0] 0 0 0 0G 0 0 0! 0 0<= 0<y 0U> 06 03/ 00b 0- 0* 0' 0$" 0!4# 0U$ 1e[% 7%% D+\( A(@ ()o2)@ )o) 1UV*)***U., B-- 0C/-br- 0z- B-`.. 0P.#.UN1 %2M 2(2N62 7282^ j2wv24z22 m2b22:2U>2R'3'3'3'3'3'3 By3y3_33#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)*+ (_2623  ..*G+G (_25   /%` ` hp x /23  ../%` ` hp x /   *8+8 (_24  ," hp x ,23  ..," hp x ,  *5+5 (_23 ` ) hp x )23  ..) hp x ) ` *2+2 (_22  &hhp x &23  ..&hhp x &  */+/ (_21  #p x #23  ..#p x #  *,+, (_20 h  p x 23  .. p x h *)+) (_19  pp x 23  ..pp x   *&+& (_18   x 23  .. x   *AA (_17  5+ ` hp x 523  Ԁ5+ ` hp x 5  *GG (_16   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ/%` ` hp x /   *88 (_15  ," hp x ,23  Ԁ," hp x ,  *55 (_14 ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ) hp x ) ` *22 (_13  &hhp x &23  Ԁ&hhp x &  *// (_12  #p x #23  Ԁ#p x #  *,, (_11 h  p x 23  Ԁ p x h *)) (_10  pp x 23  Ԁpp x   (&& &_9   x 23  Ԁ x   (AA &_8  5+ ` hp x 523  5+ ` hp x 5  (GG &_7   /%` ` hp x /23  /%` ` hp x /   (88 &_6  ," hp x ,23  ," hp x ,  (55 &_5 ` ) hp x )23  ) hp x ) ` (22 &_4  &hhp x &23  &hhp x &  (// &_3  #p x #23  #p x #  (,, &_2 h  p x 23   p x h ()) &_1  pp x 23  pp x   &&& $_   x 23   x   <:Default Para<:footnote ref<ee:footnote tex   5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  \  `&Times New Roman<f+i :Outline001_1  X 2( ` hp x 223  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <c+i :Outline001_2   /%` ` hp x /23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <`+i :Outline001_3 j  ," hp x ,23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5 j <]+i :Outline001_4  ` ) hp x )23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <Z+i :Outline001_5   &hhp x &23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <W+i :Outline001_6 j  #p x #23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5 j <T+i :Outline001_7  h  p x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <Q+i :Outline001_8   pp x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  <B+] :Outline001_9 j  x 23  ..5+ ` hp x 5 j !"#$%&'( 35;AGMSY_1A.a.i.1.a.i.1.a.*)i.'  AOCUSER0AOCUSER .   'dxd-&Draw Object <<=8C HKKKK0 WPC i K513%)+-51d~ -2 WPC i K513%)+-51d~ -$359=AEIMQ211111111  ;7$..      @<X@X X   1    _Inthestatementofissuespresentedsectionofthedefendantsbriefandintheheadingusedbythedefendant,  hecontendsthatthechargeshouldhavebeenmergedwiththeaggravatedburglarycharge.However,hisargumentis o thatitshouldhavebeenmergedwiththeaggravatedrobberycharge. $Verdana)Hairline d($    - -(27$ >'S!..       @<X@X X   0  )Hairline d3|P(('S$..    \\IB01S02\CLERKJAC,,,,0(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular@Xi)mW/ y.PagesU- - 0#  Xd# K \  `&Times New Roman H#  Xd# :      d U ;7$..      @<X@X X   2    _ԀNۺ @<EffectiveJuly2002,thelegislatureamendedTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035114byadding   terrorismasanenhancementfactor.2002Tenn.Pub.Acts,ch.849,2(c). Terrorismislistedasfactor(1),thus q renumberingthepreviousfactorsas(2)through(23).SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035114(Supp.2002).Ouropinion 2 referstotheenhancementfactorsastheyexistedatthetimeofsentencingasspecifiedinTennesseeCodeAnnotated C section4035114(1997).#@< Nۺ# >'S!..     _   *!"#$%&'()(03/ /      0p x X0 XXX@X X XMfOQhh)  INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE    Q:ATJACKSON  Ԉ      E+ ` hp x XEAssignedonBriefsMay6,2003 >  XX   X XSTATEOFTENNESSEEv.MARCUS_ANTWONE_Ԁ_GILLARD_  XX  0  DirectAppealfromtheCriminalCourtforMadisonCounty  "   No.01621DonaldH.Allen,Judge     -   <X X./k[W$~ Kp@0 dd`  KEj K Kj2 -   XX < No.W200201189CCAR3CDFiledOctober21,_2003_ _      -   <X X.1k[W$~ Kp@0 dd`  KE+ K K+2 -   XX <   Thedefendantwasconvictedofaggravatedrobbery,facilitatingaggravatedkidnapping,and  p  aggravatedburglary.Henowappealstheseconvictionscontendingthatthe(1)evidencewasnot V sufficienttosupporttheconvictions,(2)trialcourterredinrefusingtodismissthechargeof < aggravatedkidnappingorinrefusingtomergethechargeofaggravatedkidnappingwithhis " aggravatedrobberycharge,(3)trialcourterredbydenyinghimhisrighttoeffectivecross  examinationbystatingthatquestionsregardingthepriorinconsistentstatementsofthevictim  wouldallowtheadmissionofmoredamagingtestimonyagainstthedefendant,and(4)trialcourt  erredinsentencing.Weholdthatthetrialcourterredinapplyingenhancementfactorfour; j however,theerrorwasharmless.Weaffirmthejudgmentsofthetrialcourtinallotherrespects. P   Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentsoftheCircuitCourtAffirmed  l   JohnEverettWilliams,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichDavidG.Hayesand 8 JoeG.Riley,JJ.,joined.    DidiChristie,Brownsville,Tennessee(onappeal);GeorgeMorton_Googe_,DistrictPublic  Defender;andVanessaD.King,AssistantPublicDefender(attrial),fortheappellant,Marcus    _Antwone_Ԁ_Gillard_. f!! PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;KathyD._Aslinger_,AssistantAttorney 2## General;JamesG.(Jerry)_Woodall_,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andShaunA.Brown,Assistant $h$ DistrictAttorneyGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. $N %      OPINION  &"'  X 3(40*!"#$%&'()/ /  Thedefendant,Marcus_Antwone_Ԁ_Gillard_,wasconvictedbyajuryonFebruary19,2002, (#) ofaggravatedrobbery,facilitatingaggravatedkidnapping,andaggravatedburglary.The |)$* defendantwassentencedtotwelveyearsforaggravatedrobbery.Thetrialcourtsentencedthe b*%+ defendanttosixyearsforfacilitatingaggravatedkidnappingandsixyearsforaggravated H+&, burglary,tobeservedconcurrentlywitheachotherandconsecutivelytohissentencefor .,~'- aggravatedrobberyforaneffectivesentenceofeighteenyears.Thedefendantappealshis -d(. convictionsandcontendsthatthe(1)evidencewasnotsufficienttosupporttheconvictions,(2) -J)/ O O8  XXdd8: O  trialcourterredinrefusingtodismissthechargeofaggravatedkidnappingorinrefusingto  mergethechargeofaggravatedkidnappingwithhisaggravatedrobbery_charge4 9  1      ,_Ԁ(3)trialcourt  erredbydenyinghimhisrighttoeffectivecrossexaminationbystatingthatquestionsregarding | thepriorinconsistentstatementsofthevictimwouldallowtheadmissionofmoredamaging b testimonyagainstthedefendant,and(4)trialcourterredinsentencing.   H  X  Facts   d   XDuringthelateeveninghoursofNovember14,2000,FrederickPearsonlefthishometo  0 gotothestore.Hiswife,_Maranda_ԀPearson,andfourteenyearoldsisterinlaw,AlexisReed,    stayedatthehousewhileMr.Pearsonwasgone.Uponreturningtothehouse,Mr.Pearsonwas    confrontedbytwoarmedmendemandingmoney.Mrs.Pearsonheardnoiseoutsideandlooked   outthedoor.Sheopenedthedoorandsawherhusbandstandingtherewiththetwoarmedmen. x  Onemanhadagunpointedatherhusbandshead,andtheotherhadagunathisside.AsMrs. ^  Pearsontriedtocommunicatetohersister,MissReed,tocallthepolice,oneofthemen,later D  identifiedas_Frederickas_ԀNeal,orderedMrs.PearsonandMissReedtogetdownonthefloor. *z   X XWhileNealheldMs.PearsonandMissReedatgunpoint,thedefendantdemanded F moneyfromMr.Pearson.Thedefendanttook$140fromthebedroomdresser.Thedefendant , thenorderedMr.Pearsontogetdownonhisknees,pointedagunathishead,anddemanded  moremoney.Inanefforttogetthemenoutofhishouse,Mr.Pearsontoldthedefendantthathe  hadmoremoneyathisfathershouse.However,hisplandidnotwork.Thedefendantleftwith  Mr.Pearsontogetmoremoneywhiletheotherman,Neal,stayedatthehouseholdingMrs. t PearsonandMissReedatgunpointonthefloor.AsthedefendantandMr.Pearsonweredriving Z tohisfathershouse,Mr.Pearsonaskedthedefendantwhatwouldhappenifhedidnothaveany @ moremoneyathisfathershouse.Thedefendantsaidthathewouldhavetokillhim.The &v defendantbecameupsetwhenMr.Pearsoncalledhimbyhisstreetname, LittleG.The  \ defendantinstructedMr.Pearsontoturnthevehiclearoundandheadbacktothehouse. B Approximatelythirtyminutestoonehourlater,theyreturnedtoMr.Pearsonshomewherehe ( gavethedefendantanadditional$1000.ThedefendanttoldMr.Pearsonthatifheever _hear[d_]  anythingabout[the]_situation,_Ԁhewould comebackandget[him]and[his]family.Thetwo  menthenleftwiththemoney.    X XThe_Pearsons_Ԁdidnotreporttheincidenttothepolicethatnightforfearofretaliationby V"! themen.Mrs.Pearsonandhersisterreportedtheincidenttothepolicethenextmorning.Later <#" thatday,Mr.Pearsonalsospokewiththepolice.Theyallgavestatementstotheinvestigator. "$r#  X XThedefendantwaslaterchargedandfoundguiltyofaggravatedrobbery,facilitating %>!% aggravatedkidnapping,andaggravatedburglary.Oneofthecentralissuesattrialwasthe &$"& identificationofthedefendantbythevictims.Mrs.Pearsontestifiedthatshedidnot ' #' immediatelyrecognizethemen.Shestatedthatthedefendantwaswearingabandanathat (#( Mf M8  XXd XXd8K: M  coveredthemiddleportionofhisface.Healsohadonahoodandabaseballcap.However,she  wasabletoseehiseyesandthelowerportionofhisface.Mrs.Pearsontestifiedthatsheknew  thedefendantsmotherandthatheresembledhismother.Incourt,sheidentifiedthedefendant | asthemanwhoworethebandanathatnight. b  X X_MissReed_Ԁtestifiedthat,beforetheincident,sheknewthedefendantfromthe . ~ neighborhood.Shethoughtthatsherecognizedhimthatnightfromhiseyes.Inaphotolineup  d thedayaftertheincident,sheidentifiedthedefendantasthemanwearingthebandanathatnight.  J Incourt,_MissReed_Ԁagainidentifiedthedefendantasthemaninvolvedintheincidenton  0 November14.            Mr.Pearsontestifiedthatherecognizedthedefendantimmediatelyonthenightofthe   incident.Hestatedthatalthoughthedefendantwaswearingsometypeofascarfaroundthe x  midportionofhisface,herecognizedhimbyhiseyesandcheekbones.Healsorecognizedthe ^  defendantsvoice.Mr.Pearsontestifiedthatafterhereturnedtothehousewiththedefendant, D  hisbandanaorscarffellfromhisface.Atthattime,hesawthedefendantswholeface.He *z  knewthedefendantfromthecommunitybeforetheincident.Mr.Pearsonknewthedefendants ` motherandolderbrotherandhadseenthedefendantthreeweekspriortotherobbery.He F identifiedthedefendantinaphotolineupshowntohimthedayaftertheincident.Mr.Pearson , alsoidentifiedthedefendantincourtastheperpetrator.        Thedefenserevolvedaroundtestimonybytwowitnessesthatthedefendantwasin  Illinoisonthenightinquestion.DexterHarveytestifiedthatonNovember10,2000,hepicked t upthedefendantinJackson,TennesseeanddrovehimtoAurora,Illinois.Mr.Harveystated Z thatthedefendantstayedwithhimathishomeforapproximatelyoneweek.Hesaidthathewas @ withthedefendantinIllinoisonNovember14.TiffanyHarvey,Mr.Harveysestrangedwife, &v testifiedthatshesawthedefendantatherhomeinIllinoistheweekbeforeThanksgiving.She  \ saidthatshedidnotknowwhohewasbutthatshewassureitwasthedefendantatherhome. B  (   Attheconclusionofthetrial,thedefendantwasfoundguiltyofaggravatedrobbery,  facilitatingaggravatedkidnapping,andaggravatedrobberyandwasgivenaneffectivesentence  ofeighteenyears.    p!       XAnalysis  V"!  X2 <#"   XCEUS.,A.SufficiencyofEvidence "$r#  X   %X $   Thedefendantarguesonappealthattheevidencewasinsufficienttoidentifyhimasthe %>!% personwhocommittedtheseoffenses.USCE.,Whenanappellantchallengesthesufficiencyofthe &$"& evidence,thestandardofreviewiswhether,afterviewingtheevidenceinthelightmost ' #' favorabletotheState,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthe (#( crimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307,319,99S.Ct.2781,2789, )$) 61L.Ed.2d560(1979);Statev.Evans,838S.W.2d185,19091(Tenn.1992);Tenn.R.App.P. l*%* 13(e).Onappeal,theStateisentitledtothestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidenceandall R+&+ reasonableorlegitimateinferenceswhichmaybedrawntherefrom.Statev._Elkins_,102S.W.3d 8,', 578,581(Tenn.2003).ThisCourtwillnot_reweigh_Ԁtheevidence,reevaluatetheevidence,or  substituteitsevidentiaryinferencesforthosereachedbythejury.Statev.Carey,914S.W.2d  93,95(Tenn.Crim.App.1995).Furthermore,inacriminaltrial,greatweightisgiventothe | resultreachedbythejury.Statev.Johnson,910S.W.2d897,899(Tenn.Crim.App.1995). b  X  Onceapprovedbythetrialcourt,ajuryverdictaccreditsthewitnessespresentedbythe . ~ StateandresolvesallconflictsinfavoroftheState.Statev.Williams,657S.W.2d405,410  d (Tenn.1983).Thecredibilityofwitnesses,theweighttobegiventheirtestimony,andthe  J reconciliationofconflictsintheproofaremattersentrustedexclusivelytothejuryastrierof  0 fact.Statev.Sheffield,676S.W.2d542,547(Tenn.1984);Statev.Brewer,932S.W.2d1,19    (Tenn.Crim.App.1996).Ajurysguiltyverdictremovesthepresumptionofinnocenceenjoyed    bythedefendantattrialandraisesapresumptionofguilt.Statev._Tuggle_,639S.W.2d913,914   (Tenn.1982).Thedefendantthenbearstheburdenofovercomingthispresumptionofguilton x  appeal.Statev.Black,815S.W.2d166,175(Tenn.1991). ^  __  _Maranda_ԀPearsontestifiedthatalthoughshedidnotimmediatelyrecognizethe *z  perpetrator,shelaterrealizedthathewasthedefendant.Whilethedefendantwaswearinga ` bandanaofsomesortaroundthemidportionofhisface,hiseyesandthelowerportionofhis F facewerevisible.Incourt,Ms.Pearsonidentifiedthedefendantastheperpetrator.Ms.Pearson , knewthedefendantfromtheneighborhoodpriortothisincident.      AlexisReedtestifiedthatsherecognizedthedefendantthatnightfromhiseyes.Theday  aftertheincident,sheidentifiedthedefendantastheperpetratorinaphotolineup.Incourt,she t alsoidentifiedthedefendantasbeingresponsibleforthecrimes.MissReedknewthedefendant Z priortotheincident. @   ProbablythemostconvincingevidenceofidentificationcamefromFrederickPearson.  \ Mr.PearsontestifiedthatheNX XX Ximmediately# XX XNXSB#Ԁrecognizedthedefendantonthenightoftheincident. B Hestatedthatalthoughthedefendantwaswearingsometypeofascarfaroundthemidportion , ofhisface,herecognizedhimbyhiseyesandcheekbones.Healsorecognizedthedefendants  voice.Mr.Pearsontestifiedthatafterhereturnedtothehousewiththedefendant,hisbandana  orscarffellfromhisface.Atthattime,hesawthedefendantsentireface.Heknewthe   defendantfromthecommunitybeforetheincident.Mr.Pearsonknewthedefendantsmother t!  andolderbrotherandhadseenthedefendantthreeweekspriortotherobbery.Heidentifiedthe Z"! defendantinaphotolineupshowntohimthedayaftertheincident.Mr.Pearsonalsoidentified @#" thedefendantincourtastheperpetrator. &$v#       WhilethedefendantdidprovidealibievidencethathewasinIllinoisonthenightofthe %B!% incident,thejuryobviouslychosenottogivecredittothistestimonybyfindinghimguiltyofall &("& threeoffenses.AfterviewingtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheState,wefindthata '#' rationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundbeyondareasonabledoubtthatthedefendantwasthe (#( personresponsibleforthesecrimes. )$)   __  B.MergerorDismissalofKidnappingCharge <X X7(  < V+&+  _   <,',  X7X V X 7( XX X7X V  Thedefendantarguesthattheaggravatedkidnappingchargeshouldhavebeendismissed   orthefacilitatingaggravatedkidnappingchargemergedwiththeaggravatedrobberyconviction,  becausethekidnappingwasincidentaltotherobbery.TheTennesseeSupremeCourthas | recognizedthataseparatekidnappingconvictionmayviolatedueprocesswhenthekidnapping b isincidentaltoanaccompanyingfelonyandnot significantenough,inandofitself,towarrant H independentprosecution.Statev.Anthony,817S.W.2d299,306(Tenn.1991).Itmustfirstbe . ~ determinedwhetherthemovementorconfinementusedwasbeyondthatnecessarytocommit  d theaccompanyingfelony.Statev.Dixon,957S.W.2d532,535(Tenn.1997)(citingAnthony,  J 817S.W.2dat306). Ifso,thenextinquiryiswhethertheadditionalmovementorconfinement:  0 (1)preventedthevictimfromsummoninghelp;(2)lessenedthedefendantsriskofdetection;or    (3)createdasignificantdangerorincreasedthevictimsriskofharm.Id.         Holdingthetwowomenatgunpointforthirtyminutestoanhourafterthedefendanthad x  leftwithMr.Pearsonwasnotnecessarytocommittherobbery.Theconfinementofthewomen ^  atgunpointforuptoanhourclearlycreatedasignificantdangerandanincreasedriskofharm. D  Additionally,thedefendantstatesinhisbriefthatthewomenwereheld topreventdetection. *z  Weagree.Thisobviouslysatisfiesthesecondprongoftheinquiry.Thetrialcourtdidnoterron ` thisissue. F   X <X X7(  <7X V X 7( XX X7X V *!"#$%&'()(043/ /"!"  X<( ` hp x X<    !R2  C  .3  @..  ݀DenialofEffectiveCrossExamination!RfS݌  Ќ X XX   ,?+ ` hp x X?  ,B+ ` hp x XB    Thedefendantassertsthathewasdeniedhisrighttoeffectivecrossexaminationof r FrederickPearson.InanefforttoimpeachMr.Pearson,defendantstrialcounselsoughttoelicit X testimonyregardingashootingincidentthatoccurredaftertheoffensesinthiscase.Duringa > benchconference,thetrialcourtwarnedcounselthatthelineofquestioningregardingtheother $t incidentmightopenthedoortodamagingtestimony.Thetrialcourtwarnedcounselthatshedid  Z not wanttodoanythingtohurt[her]client.Thetrialcourttoldherontwoseparateoccasions @ thatcontinuingthelineofquestioningwasherdecision.Thetrialcourttoldcounselto dowhat & [shethoughtwas]best.Trialcounselstatedtothecourtthat [shethought]theothershooting   wouldbemoreharmfulthanhelpful.Followingthebenchconference,trialcounselaskedno  furtherquestionsregardingtheotherincident.Restrictionsonadefendantsrighttocross  examineawitnessforimpeachmentpurposesmayviolatethedefendantsconstitutionalrightof n  confrontation.Statev._Sayles_,49S.W.3d275,279(Tenn.2001).However,thetrialcourtdid T!  notrestrictcounselsrighttocrossexamine.Thecourtonlywarnedcounselthatshemightbe :"! openingthedoortotestimonythat mayormaynothurtherclient.Counselthenmadethe  #p" decisionnottopursuefurthercrossexaminationonthesubject.Thedefendantsargumenton $V# thisissueiswithoutmerit. $< $     D.Sentencing &"& \        Adefendantwhochallengeshisorhersentencehastheburdenofprovingthesentence (#( imposedbythetrialcourtisimproper.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401,Sentencing_Commn_ j)$) Comments;Statev._Ashby_,823S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991).ItisthisCourtsdutytoconduct P*%* adenovoreviewoftherecordwithapresumptionthetrialcourtsdeterminationsarecorrect 6+&+ whenadefendantappealsthelength,range,ormannerofserviceofhisorhersentence.Tenn. ,l', CodeAnn.4035401(d).Thepresumptionofcorrectnessisconditionedupontheaffirmative -R(- showingintherecordthatthetrialcourtconsideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevant  factsandcircumstances.Statev._Pettus_,986S.W.2d540,54344(Tenn.1999).      Thetrialcourt,ontherecord,consideredtheevidencepresentedattrialandthe b sentencinghearing,thepresentencereport,theprinciplesofsentencingundertheCriminal H SentencingReformAct,thenatureandcharacteristicsofthecriminalconductinvolvedinthis . ~ case,theevidenceandargumentsconcerningmitigatingandenhancingfactors,andthe  d defendantsamenabilitytorehabilitation.Thedefendantdidnotmakeastatementatthe  J sentencinghearing.  0 8 l<`     Onappeal,thedefendantarguesthatthetrialcourterredinapplyingenhancementfactors    fourandnine.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035114(4)(victimsvulnerabilitybecauseofage),(9)   (possessedoremployedafirearmorotherdeadlyweapon).W 9  2      ׀TheStateconcedesthatthetrial x  courtshouldnothaveappliedfactorfour,andweagree.Enhancementfactorfourcanbeapplied ^   ifthecircumstancesshowthatthevictim,becauseofhis[orher]ageorphysicalormental D  condition,wasinfactparticularlyvulnerable,i.e.,incapableofresisting,summoninghelp,or *z  testifyingagainsttheperpetrator.Statev.Adams,864S.W.2d31,35(Tenn.1993). ` Vulnerabilityofthevictim relatesmoretothenaturalphysicalandmentallimitationsofthe F victimthanmerelytothevictimsage.Id.;seealsoStatev.Hayes,899S.W.2d305(Tenn. , Crim.App.1994)(factthatthevictimwastwelveyearsoldwasnotsufficienttosupport  applicationoffactorfour).Thetrialcourtappliedfactorfourbasedsolelyonthefactthatthe  victim,MissReed,wasonlyfourteenyearsold.Therewasnoevidencepresentedthatshewas   particularlyvulnerable.Factorfourwasappliedonlytothefacilitatingaggravatedkidnapping t _charge.Thetrialcourterredinitsapplicationoffactorfour;however,theerrorwasharmless. Z Thewrongfulapplicationofoneormoreenhancementfactorsbythetrialcourtdoesnot @ necessarilyleadtoareductioninthelengthofthesentence.Statev._Winfield_,23S.W.3d279, &v 284(Tenn.2000).Thisdeterminationrequiresthatwereviewtheevidencesupportingany  \ remainingenhancementfactors,aswellastheevidencesupportinganymitigatingfactors.State B v._Imfeld_,70S.W.3d698,707(Tenn.2002).Inadditiontothe vulnerabilityfactor,thecourt ( properlyappliedsevenotherenhancementfactorstothecharge.Theevidencefullysupported  thetrialcourtsenhancementofthesentencefromthreeyearstosixyears.        Thedefendantalsoarguesthatthetrialcourterredinapplyingenhancementfactornine, p!  becausepossessionofafirearmwasanecessaryelementoftheoffensescharged.Thetrialcourt V"! appliedfactornineonlytothechargeofaggravatedburglary.Useorpossessionofadeadly <#" weaponisnotnecessarytocommittheoffenseofaggravatedburglary.SeeTenn.CodeAnn. "$r# 3914403. Allthatisrequiredistheentryofahabitationwiththeintenttocommitafelony. %X $ Statev.JeffreySmith,No.E200201147CCAR3CD,2003Tenn.Crim.App.LEXIS226,at %>!% *17(Tenn.Crim.App.,atKnoxville,Mar.18,2003).Thisfactorwasproperlyapplied. &$"&   р ' #'     Thedefendantnextassertsthatthetrialcourterredbynotapplyingtheonemitigating  factorthatwasarguedatsentencing.Thedefendantarguesthatmitigatingfactorsixshouldhave  beenapplied,becausehewasonlyeighteenyearsoldatthetimetheoffenseswerecommitted. | SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035113(6)(youthfuloffender).AlthoughtheStatedidnotaddress b thisissueinitsbrief,weagreewiththetrialcourt. Indeterminingwhetherthisfactoristobe H applied,courtsshouldconsidertheconceptofyouthincontext,i.e.,thedefendantsage, . ~ education,maturity,experience,mentalcapacityordevelopment,andanyotherpertinent  d circumstancetendingtodemonstratethedefendantsabilityorinabilitytoappreciatethenature  J ofhisconduct.Statev.Adams,864S.W.2d31,33(Tenn.1993);seealsoStatev.JohnLeslie  0 George,No.M200101213CCAR3CD,2003Tenn.Crim.App.LEXIS86,at*14(Tenn.    Crim.App.,atNashville,Feb.3,2003)(courtdeclinedtoapplyfactortodefendantwhowasone    dayshyofhiseighteenthbirthday).InStatev.HarleyB._Upchurch_,thisCourtheldthatthe    [_d]efendant_sextensiveinvolvementwiththecriminalandjuvenilejusticesystems_negate[d_] x  theapplicationofmitigatingfactorsix.No.M200103170CCAR3CD,2002Tenn.Crim. ^  App.LEXIS766,at*11(Tenn.Crim.App.,atNashville,Sept.9,2002).Althoughthe D  defendantwasayoungman,hehadanextensivecriminalhistory.Thedefendanthasbeenin *z  andoutofthecourtsystemsincehewaseightyearsold.Inthetenyearsprevioustothecurrent ` charges,hehadbeenadjudicatedforatleastadozenoffensesincludingseveralassaults, F aggravatedburglary,andweaponscharges.Weagreewiththetrialcourtthatnomitigating , factorsshouldapply.      Thedefendantarguesthatthetrialcourterredinimposingconsecutivesentencinginthis  case.Generally,itiswithinthediscretionofthetrialcourttoimposeconsecutivesentencesifit t findsbyapreponderanceoftheevidencethatatleastoneoffollowingstatutorycriteriaapply: Z 9%` ` hp x X9 ` ,` ` X  X  X0 4  (1)[_t]he_Ԁdefendantisaprofessionalcriminalwhohasknowinglydevotedsuch @ defendantslifetocriminalactsasamajorsourceoflivelihood;&v4 4    0 4  R^ \(2)[_t]he_Ԁdefendantisanoffenderwhoserecordofcriminalactivityisextensive;^4 4  0 4  RD(3)[_t]he_Ԁdefendantisadangerousmentallyabnormalpersonsodeclaredbya  competentpsychiatristwhoconcludesasaresultofaninvestigationpriorto | sentencingthatthedefendantscriminalconducthasbeencharacterizedbya b patternofrepetitiveorcompulsivebehaviorwithheedlessindifferenceto H  consequences;.!~4 4  0 4  Rf""d(4)[_t]he_Ԁdefendantisadangerousoffenderwhosebehaviorindicateslittleorno f"  regardforhumanlife,andnohesitationaboutcommittingacrimeinwhich L#! therisktohumanlifeishigh;2$"4 4  0 4  Rj% %h (5)[_t]he_Ԁdefendantisconvictedoftwo(2)ormorestatutoryoffensesinvolving j% # sexualabuseofaminorwithconsiderationoftheaggravatingcircumstances P&!$ arisingfromtherelationshipbetweenthedefendantandvictimorvictims,the 6'"% timespanofdefendantsundetectedsexualactivity,thenatureandscopeof (l#& thesexualactsandtheextentoftheresidual,physicalandmentaldamageto )R$' thevictimorvictims;)8%(4 4  0 4  R +p&*&(6)[_t]he_Ԁdefendantissentencedforanoffensecommittedwhileonprobation;or +p&)4 4  RX,',V'(7)[_t]he_Ԁdefendantissentencedforcriminalcontempt. X,'* " ` ` X` ,R|" X| X~|   ?+ ` hp x ` ` X?Tenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b).      Thedefendantcommittedwasfirstadjudicateddelinquentateightyearsofage.Hewas | backincourtatageelevenforsimpleassault.Whenthedefendantwastwelve,hewas b adjudicateddelinquentfortheftofpropertyandaggravatedburglary.Whileonprobationfor H thosecrimes,hecommittedtwomoreassaults.Hecommittedanadditionalassaultafewmonths . ~ later.Atagefourteen,hewasadjudicateddelinquentforpossessionofillegalfirearms.The  d defendantwasadjudicateddelinquentforpossessionofcrackcocaine,evadingarrest,and  J drivingwhileunlicensedatagefifteen.Afewmonthslater,hecommittedaggravatedassault  0 andpossessionofaweaponwithintenttogoarmed.Whileonprobationforthatoffense,he    committedthedelinquentactsofdrivingwithoutalicense,failuretoyieldtobluelights,and    underagepossessionofalcoholandtobacco.Afterthedefendantturnedeighteen,hewas   convictedofsimpleassault,resistingarrest,evadingarrest,andcriminalimpersonation.The x  currentoffenseswerecommittedwhilehewasonprobationfortheoffensescommittedafterhe ^  turnedeighteen.Thereisnoquestionthatfactorsixoftheconsecutivesentencingcriteriahas D  beenmet.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035115(b)(6)(committedoffensewhileonprobation).Itis *z  alsoclearfromtheevidencethatthedefendanthasanextensivehistoryofcriminalactivity. ` Consecutivesentencingwasalsoappropriateunderfactortwo.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035 F 115(b)(2)(extensiverecordofcriminalactivity). ,       Thetrialcourtalsofoundthatthedefendantwasadangerousoffender.Ifthecourt  concludesthedefendantisadangerousoffenderunderTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection40  35115(b)(4),itmustmaketwofurtherdeterminationsinadditiontoapplyinggeneralsentencing t principles.Statev._Imfeld_,70S.W.3d698,708(Tenn.2002).First,itmustfindanextended Z sentenceisnecessarytoprotectthepublicfromfurthercriminalconductbythedefendant,and, @ second,itmustfindconsecutivesentencingtobereasonablyrelatedtotheseverityofthe &v offenses.Statev._Wilkerson_,905S.W.2d933,939(Tenn.1995).Duetothedefendantshistory  \ ofcontinuouscriminalbehavior,weagreewiththetrialcourtthatthesentenceimposedis B necessarytoprotectthepublic.Underanyoftheconsecutivesentencingbases,thesentence ( mustbe justlydeservedinrelationtotheseriousnessoftheoffenseand nogreaterthanthat  deservedfortheoffensecommitted.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035102(1),103(2);Statev.  Lane,3S.W.3d456,460(Tenn.1999).Consideringalloftheevidence,wefindthatthe   sentenceimposedisreasonablyrelatedtotheseverityoftheoffensesandjustlydeserved. p!        Weholdthatthetrialcourterredinitsapplicationofenhancementfactorfour;however, <#" theerrorwasharmless.Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourtinallotherrespects. "$r# ̀ %>!% ̀ )$)   ___________________________________ l*%*   JOHNEVERETTWILLIAMS,JUDGE R+&+ ̕ <X X