ÿWPCE ,# xUNƒ %Ñ 0(×bÿw@4G[ 0lj 0DÖ 0J" 0Tl 0^À 0h 0r† 0|ø 0†t 0ú 1uŠ 0dÿU>c U*¡  Ë v~× vÓU B(˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- àDáâãEäDåæDçèéDB\J#3|xé((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€!ÔÔ€!ôÔ€€The€Petitioner€was€convicted€under€the€former€law€of€aggravated€rape€based€on€the€victim€being€à0 àunder€the€age€of€thirteen€(13)€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„502(a)(4).€€This€subsectionÏwas€later€deleted€and€replaced€by€the€separate€offense€of€rape€of€a€child.€Tenn.€Code€Ann€ðð€39„13„522Ï(Supp.€1996).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò dÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ ` ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ ŠÔÔ€!ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€¼®XXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€œJACKSON›ÌÌœSEPTEMBER›€SESSION,€œ1997›ÌÌÌÓ  ÓœPAUL€GLIDEWELL,›à àà à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€œ02C01„9612„CC„00458›Ìà àà àà àà àà à)ó óÌà àœAppellant,›à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àœCROCKETT›€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€œDICK€JERMAN,€JR.ó ó›Ìœò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó ó›à àò ò)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àœAppellee.›à àà àà àò ò)à àœó ó(Post„Conviction)ò ò›Ìó óÌÌò òÓ  ÓON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌœCIRCUIT›€COURT€OF€œCROCKETT€COUNTY›ó óÌÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌœS.€JASPER€TAYLOR€IV›à àà àà àœJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌ94€East€Main€Streetà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌP.O.€Box€729ÌBells,€TN€38006à àà àà àà àCLINTON€J.€MORGANÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€5th€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCLAYBURN€PEEPLESÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à110€College€Street,€Suite€200Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àTrenton,€TN€38382›ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌœAFFIRMED›ÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÇò òòòÓ  ÓÔ€!°ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€!ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓÌà àThe€Petitioner€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€his€petition€for€post„conviction€relief.€€He€was€convicted€of€one€count€of€aggravated€rape€by€a€guilty€Ïplea€on€December€10,€œ1993.× ƒ" ××  ×›€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€I,€standardÏoffender€to€the€minimum€sentence€of€fifteen€(15)€years€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection.€€The€Petitioner€œappeals›€with€two€issues:€that€counsel€renderedÏineffective€assistance€and€that€he€did€not€voluntarily€enter€his€guilty€plea.€€€WeÏaffirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àÌà àThe€Petitioner€was€indicted€on€one€count€of€aggravated€rape€and€oneÏcount€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Attorney€Bill€Barron€was€retained€toÏrepresent€him.€€The€Petitioner€was€scheduled€for€trial€on€December€10,€1993.€ÏAfter€the€jury€had€been€empaneled,€the€Petitioner€chose€not€to€proceed€€with€theÏtrial€and€entered€a€guilty€plea€to€one€count€of€aggravated€rape.€€Pursuant€to€anÏagreement€with€the€district€attorney,€the€Petitioner€was€sentenced€to€the€minimumÍof€fifteen€years€as€a€standard,€Range€I€offender€with€an€initial€release€eligibilityÏafter€thirty„percent€(30%)€of€the€time€served,€or€approximately€five€(5)€years.€€ÌÌà àThe€Petitioner€filed€a€òòpro€seóó€petition€for€post„conviction€relief€on€April€3,Ï1995,€alleging€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€resulting€in€an€involuntaryÏguilty€plea.€€The€Petitioner€was€represented€by€counsel€throughout€the€œremainder›Ïof€the€post„conviction€proceedings.€€An€evidentiary€hearing€on€the€post„conviction€petition€was€held€on€June€3,€1996,€and€the€trial€court€denied€relief€inÏan€order€dated€July€17,€1996.€€It€is€from€this€order€œthat€the›€Petitioner€appeals.ÌÌà àœIn€his€first›€issue€in€this€appeal,€the€Petitioner€alleges€that€counsel€providedÏineffective€œassistance.›€œIn€determining€whether€counsel€provided€effectiveÏassistance€at€trial,€the€court€must€decide€whether€counselððs€performance€wasÏwithin€the€range€of€competence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.€ÏòòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€€To€succeed€on€a€claimÏthat€his€counsel€was€ineffective€at€trial,€a€petitioner€bears€the€burden€of€showingÏthat€his€counsel€made€errors€so€serious€that€he€was€not€functioning€as€counselÏas€guaranteed€under€the€Sixth€Amendment€and€that€the€deficient€representationÏprejudiced€the€petitioner€resulting€in€a€failure€to€produce€a€reliable€result.€ÏòòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,€687,€òòrehððgóó€òòdeniedóó,€467€U.S.€1267Ï(1984);€òòCooper€v.€Stateóó,€849€S.W.2d€744,€747€(Tenn.€1993);€òòButler€v.€Stateóó,€789ÍS.W.2d€898,€899€(Tenn.€1990).€€To€satisfy€the€second€prong€the€petitioner€mustÏshow€a€reasonable€probability€that,€but€for€counselððs€unreasonable€error,€theÏfact€finder€would€have€had€reasonable€doubt€regarding€petitionerððs€guilt.€ÏòòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€695.€€This€reasonable€probability€must€be€ð ðsufficient€toÏundermine€confidence€in€the€outcome.ðð€€òòHarris€v.€Stateóó,€875€S.W.2d€662,€665Ï(Tenn.€1994).ÌÌà àWhen€reviewing€trial€counselððs€actions,€this€court€should€not€use€theÏbenefit€of€hindsight€to€second„guess€trial€strategy€and€criticize€counselððs€tactics.€ÏòòHellard€v.€Stateóó,€629€S.W.2d€4,€9€(Tenn.€1982).€€Counselððs€alleged€errors€shouldÏbe€judged€at€the€time€they€were€made€in€light€of€all€facts€and€circumstances.€ÏòòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€690;€òòseeóó€òòCooperóó€849€S.W.2d€at€746.ÌÌà àThis€two€part€standard€of€measuring€ineffective€assistance€of€counselÏalso€applies€to€claims€arising€out€of€the€plea€process.€€òòHill€v.€Lockhartóó,€474€U.S.Ï52€(1985).€€The€prejudice€requirement€is€modified€so€that€the€petitioner€ð ðmustÏshow€that€there€is€a€reasonable€probability€that,€but€for€counselððs€errors€heÏwould€not€have€pleaded€guilty€and€would€have€insisted€on€going€to€trial.ðð€€òòId.óó€atÏ59.ÌÌà àAt›€the€post„conviction€hearing,€the€Petitioner€testified€that€counsel€BillÏBarron€never€subpoenaed€witnesses,€including€the€Petitionerððs€therapist.€€TheÏPetitioner€also€testified€that€he€pleaded€guilty€because€counsel€told€him€heÏwould€never€win€the€case€and€that€he€would€receive€a€thirty„five€(35)€yearÏsentence€if€he€went€to€trial€compared€to€the€œfifteen€(15)›€years€offered€by€theÏState.€€The€Petitioner€testified€that€counsel€did€not€interview€witnesses.€€He€alsoÏœclaimed›€that€counsel€told€him€he€would€serve€only€twenty„four€(24)€to€thirty„sixÏ(36)€months€before€he€was€eligible€for€parole€and€that€he€did€not€understand€theÏrelease€percentages.€€He€œtestified›€that€he€has€some€intellectual€impairment€thatÏmakes€it€difficult€to€understand€the€proceedings.€€He€also€œcontended›€that€he€wasÏnot€told€about€the€elements€of€the€crimes.€€The€Petitioner€finally€œclaimed›€he€wasÏnot€informed€of€his€right€against€self„incrimination.€€On€cross„examination,€theÏPetitioner€claimed€he€made€a€coerced€confession€and€that€any€admissions€wereÏuntrue.€€He€maintained€that€counsel€failed€to€meet€with€his€family€and€check€outÏhis€background.€€He€stated€that€he€met€two€or€three€times€with€counsel.€€ÌÌà àThe€Petitionerððs€mother€also€testified.€€She€stated€that€counsel€informedÏthe€Petitioner€he€would€serve€œthirty€percent›€(30%)€of€his€sentence,€or€two€(2)€toÏthree€(3)€years.€€She€also€testified€that€she€remembered€the€trial€œcourtððs›Ïinstructing€the€Petitioner€that€he€œwould€have›€œto€serve›€œthirty€percent,›€but€œthat€there›Ïwas€no€guarantee.€€The€victim,€a€young€child,€testified€that€while€appearing€atÍthe€preliminary€hearing,€she€was€unable€to€testify€to€any€facts€surrounding€theÏoffense.€€The€victimððs€mother€testified€that€she€was€never€contacted€by€counsel.ÌÌà àTrial€counsel€Bill€Barron€testified€at€the€post„conviction€hearing.€€He€beganÏrepresentation€at€the€time€of€the€preliminary€hearing,€but€the€case€wasÏdismissed.€€An€indictment€was€later€issued.€€Counsel€filed€a€motion€to€suppressÏthe€statement€made€by€the€Petitioner,€which€was€denied€after€a€hearing.€ÏCounsel€met€with€the€Petitioner€on€several€occasions€in€person€and€on€theÏphone.€€The€Petitionerððs€mother€œcame›€at€least€two€times.€€The€Petitioner€toldÏcounsel€that€the€victim€would€not€testify€because€he€still€had€a€relationship€withÏthe€victimððs€mother.€€However,€when€the€victimððs€mother€was€later€indicted,€theÏprobability€that€the€victim€would€testify€increased.ÌÌà àCounsel€noted€that€the€Petitionerððs€confession€was€ruled€admissible.€ÏCounsel€also€followed€recent€case€law€and€informed€the€Petitioner€aboutÏpotential€consecutive€sentences€and€his€chances€of€prevailing€at€trial.€€CounselÏtestified€that€he€had€all€the€witnesses€he€knew€about€at€the€trial€and€there€wereÏvery€few€for€the€case.€€The€primary€witnesses€were€the€victim€and€her€mother.€ÏCounsel€stated€that€he€was€cautious€not€to€subpoena€persons€whoseÏtestimony€would€not€be€pertinent€to€the€case.€€Counsel€did€not€perceive€theÏPetitioner€as€having€low€intelligence€œand›€he€explained€the€charges€and€theÍelements€of€the€crimes€to€the€Petitioner.€œ€The€Petitioner€appeared€to€be€involvedÏin€and€to€understand€their€discussions.€›€Counsel€filed€a€Rule€16€œdiscovery€letter,›Ïcontacted€the€Department€of€Human€Services,€and€obtained€the€medical€reportÏof€the€victim.€€He€talked€with€the€victimððs€mother€on€several€occasions.€€ÌÌà àCounsel€testified€that€he€discussed€in€detail€the€waiver€of€rights€form€atÏthe€time€the€Petitioner€entered€his€guilty€plea.€€He€informed€the€Petitioner€aboutÏthe€thirty„percent€release€of€approximately€five€œyears.›€€He€did€not€know€œwhy›€theÏPetitioner€œwas€under›€the€impression€he€would€be€released€in€two€or€three€years.ÌÌà àœThe€Petitioner€also€asserts€that€he€did€not€enter€a€voluntary€and€intelligentÏguilty€plea.€€€€In€òòBoykin€v.€Alabamaóó,€395€U.S.€238€(1969),€the€United€StatesÏSupreme€Court€held€that€the€record€must€show€that€a€guilty€plea€was€madeÏvoluntarily,€understandingly€and€knowingly.€€In€òòBoykinóó,€the€Court€held€that€anÏentry€of€a€guilty€plea€effectively€constituted€a€waiver€of€the€constitutional€rightÏagainst€compulsory€self„incrimination,€the€right€to€confront€one's€accusers,€andÏthe€right€to€trial€by€jury.€€òòId.óó€at€243.€€If€a€guilty€plea€is€not€voluntary€and€knowing,Ïit€has€been€entered€in€violation€of€due€process€and€is,€therefore,€invalid.ÌÌà àA€voluntary€plea€cannot€be€found€from€a€silent€record.€€€òòBoykinóó,€395€U.S.Ïat€242.€€Pursuant€to€its€supervisory€power,€our€supreme€court€has€imposedÍmore€stringent€standards€for€trial€courts€to€employ€when€advising€defendantsÏduring€€guilty€pleas€to€provide€an€adequate€record€that€will€insure€constitutionalÏcompliance.€€€òòState€v.€Mackeyóó,€553€S.W.2d€337€(Tenn.1977).€€However,Ïpost„conviction€relief€may€be€granted€only€if€a€conviction€or€sentence€is€void€orÏvoidable€because€of€a€violation€of€a€constitutional€right.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„30„105€(repealed€1995).€€As€was€pointed€out€in€òòState€v.€Nealóó,€810€S.W.2dÏ131€(Tenn.€1991),€violation€of€the€advice€litany€required€by€either€òòMackeyóó€orÏTennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€11€which€is€not€linked€to€a€specifiedÏconstitutional€right€is€not€cognizable€in€a€suit€for€post„conviction€relief.€€òòSeeóó€€òòStateÏv.€Princeóó,€781€S.W.2d€846€(Tenn.1989).€€Moreover,€€it€is€the€result,€not€theÏprocess,€that€is€essential€to€a€valid€plea.€€òòJohnson€v.€Stateóó,€834€S.W.2d€922,Ï923„24€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€critical€inquiry€is€whether€the€Petitioner€had€knowledgeÏof€certain€rights€and€waived€those€rights€knowingly€and€voluntarily,€not€whetherÏthe€trial€court€was€the€source€of€that€knowledge.ÌÌà àThe€transcript€of€the€guilty€plea€hearing€reveals€that€the€Petitioner€wasÏamply€informed€of€the€constitutional€rights€he€was€waiving.€€He€was€informedÏthat€his€release€date€of€thirty€percent€would€be€dependent€upon€the€Board€ofÏParoles.€€The€Petitioner€denied€that€he€was€threatened€or€promised€anythingÏregarding€his€guilty€plea.€€There€is€no€evidence€that€the€Petitioner€failed€toÏunderstand€the€consequences€of€his€guilty€plea.€€He€states€he€was€coercedÍand€that€he€had€the€impression€he€would€be€released€sooner€than€wasÏactually€possible.€Yet,€counsel€refuted€this€contention€and€testified€that€heÏproperly€informed€the€Petitioner€about€a€thirty„percent€release€eligibility€date.€€ÏFurthermore,€counsel€testified€that€he€discussed€in€detail€the€charges€against€theÏPetitioner€and€the€consequences€of€entering€a€plea€of€guilty.ÌÌà à›€œIn€a€post„conviction€proceeding€under€the€Act€applicable€to€this€case,€Ïthe€petitioner€must€prove€the€allegations€in€the€petition€by€a€preponderance€ofÏthe€evidence.€€òòDavis€v.€Stateóó,€912€S.W.2d€689€(Tenn.€1995);€òòAdkins€v.€Stateóó,Ï911€S.W.2d€334,€341€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€In›€reviewing€post„convictionÏproceedings,€"the€factual€findings€of€the€trial€court€are€conclusive€unless€theÏevidence€preponderates€against€such€findings."€€€òòCooper€v.€Stateóó,€849€S.W.2dÏ744,€746€(Tenn.1993);€€òòButler€v.€Stateóó,€789€S.W.2d€898,€899€(Tenn.1990).€€TheÏtrial€court€concluded€that€counsel€more€than€adequately€functioned€as€counsel€forÏthe€Petitioner.€€Correspondingly,€the€trial€court€found€the€guilty€plea€to€have€beenÏvoluntarily€entered.€€We€agree.€€The€record€reveals€no€œsignificant€errors›€inÏcounselððs€representation.€€Nor€is€there€evidence€that€counselððs€actions€renderedÏthe€Petitionerððs€guilty€plea€involuntary.€€The€trial€court€specifically€accredited€theÏtestimony€of€counsel€Bill€Barron€and€found€that€of€the€Petitioner€lacked€credibility.€œ€ÌÌà àThus,€the€Petitioner€failed€at€the€post„conviction€hearing€to€meet€hisÏburden€to€prove€the€allegations€contained€in€his€petition.€€Moreover,›€œwe›€cannotÏœconclude€from€the€record€before€us›€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€theÏfindings€of€the€trial€court.€€Therefore,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌœJOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGE›ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌœJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE›