ÿWPC! Í–…ü*}žýh*Ÿ-è­Nc’,™þB+Ä{1®’Á¯iHŠI¨DÈÝtÒ«Ra‘’¥û¿çEÁÝt.cth"ÀB¾÷ðpªî)®¢[\Yú;ýáEiPËÜ^¢íƒŸ¥}SÕênVQÒ¿èKÁ:žlKnƒ‰‰Í‹AìkÚ~!úËÚÊï¹U‡o™¼ÜîW¤°Î«õádÒáõÓNã#‡x5O"9ªð‰3Åᢵf`Ÿ<¨~Qý‹3ï<Û9š{añÈý¥þª´›•ó’Ò.úÆL^X8‡/ùw“¾“¿åt«&‹|ð>8Q[p¡Øƒìð…@»}âRX˜·Užá/¨ùi$9ëµS™~ú«úŠãí= V]w 'Ì’°Ð¯YuÒ»a+êRµÕ½¦QHFøu‡ÊÖ¼ÏÀÕ›æêÕ‹,\aßö§„©å·öOOꃡeî1oµ›¡gàžõ{,VÛ£›ÝG2¯™ÓqØã’R4˕ěÆû¶×Ä7Ùwô•1¼t=ÝöÐ…;á»çžs‘ñÉXi »I.eÁÖ­ðÇÖs¾ ã ÓXer„9 ¥è+ ³å¢d&f:Ñ!³>Õõ¨›JY¹aZK?|§_îd}MU–ÑÙ­{Sõ¨bU N\ %ª 0ˆ°^ 8wD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ Ð #ÁØ Æ™ Æ_ Æ% Æë 0D±NõUN÷ñEE6ž8U@ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖb 0ë B   0¤& D3Ê D-ý 0K** ASuÆÈ 0¤Ž 0D2 A«v(ÈhH  Z6Times New Roman Regular»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Óëm1+â Yo†)k2J¥3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular çÝ ƒRê$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€trial€court€merged€the€felony€murder€conviction€with€the€premeditated€first„degree€murder€conviction. ”Ý ƒRê$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThrough€their€investigation,€officers€later€determined€that€Carpenterððs€siblings€had€lied€about€the€whereaboutsÐ ° Ðof€their€brother.€€In€fact,€the€Appellant,€Carpenter€and€Antonio€had€already€driven€down€the€field€road€behind€the€houseÐ tÄ Ðat€the€time€Investigator€Pugh€questioned€the€siblings.€€As€Investigator€Pugh€testified,€had€he€known€their€location€at€theÐ 8ˆ Ðtime€he€questioned€the€siblings,€ð ðI€would€have€went€up€there€behind€that€field€and€hopefully€prevented€this.ðð(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman - ù-(|G2ê$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€0\»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôò»»Ô d(|3‡e$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€0\»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3‡e$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€0\»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€0\»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼0\»»»ÔÑ8€a°XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î;½î»¼0\ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼0\»îî;½ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€August€7,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡Xa°X»¼0\ÔÌò òÔ#†¼0\»XXa°#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€ERIC€TERRELL€GLOVERòòóóÔ‡Xa°X»¼0\Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Fayette€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€4802€€€€€€Jon€Kerry€Blackwood,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2000„01278„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€September€14,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡Xa°XXXa°ÔIn€July€of€1999,€a€Fayette€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€the€Appellant,€Eric€Terrell€Glover,€for€theÐ xÈ  Ðfollowing€offenses:€(1)€first„degree€premeditated€murder;€(2)€first„degree€felony€murder;€(3)Ð d´ Ðespecially€aggravated€kidnapping;€and€(4)€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€Following€a€jury€trial,Ð P  ÐGlover€was€convicted€on€all€charges€and,€in€accordance€with€the€juryððs€verdict,€was€sentenced€to€lifeÐ <Œ Ðimprisonment€for€first„degree€premeditated€murder.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€For€his€convictions€of€especially€aggravatedÐ (x Ðkidnapping€and€especially€aggravated€robbery,€Glover€was€sentenced,€as€a€violent€offender,€toÐ d Ðconcurrent€twenty€year€sentences€on€each€charge,€with€these€sentences€running€concurrently€to€hisÐ P Ðlife€sentence.€€On€appeal,€Glover€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€supporting€hisÐ ì< Ðconvictions€as€a€principal€offender€under€a€theory€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€ofÐ Ø( Ðanother.€€He€argues€that€the€proof,€at€best,€supports€only€the€subordinate€criminal€responsibility€ofÐ Ä Ðð ðfacilitating.ðð€After€review,€we€find€no€error€and€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.Ð ° ÐÔ#†Xa°XXXa°Í#ÔÔ#†¼0\»XXa°˜#ÔÔ‡Xa°X»¼0\ÔÌÓÁÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ tÄ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼0\»àXa°’ #ÔÔ‡Xa°X.¼0\ÔDavid€G.€Hayes,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoe€G.€Rileyóó€and€òòAlan€E.€Glennóó,Ð L œ ÐJJ.,€joined.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÌClifford€K.€McGowan,€Jr.,€Waverly€Tennessee,€(on€appeal€only);€Gary€F.€Antrican,€District€PublicÐ #`" ÐDefender;€Shana€McCoy„Johnson€and€Rickey€W.€Griggs,€Assistant€Public€Defenders,€Somerville,Ð ü#L# ÐTennessee,€(at€trial€and€on€appeal).Ð è$8 $ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Michael€Moore,€Solicitor€General;€John€H.Ð À&"& ÐBledsoe,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€Elizabeth€T.€Rice,€District€Attorney€General;€and€WaltÐ ¬'ü"' ÐFreeland€and€Colin€A.€Campbell,€Assistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€Appellee,€State€ofÐ ˜(è#( ÐTennessee.Ð „)Ô$) ÐÔ#†¼0\»XXa°O #ÔÔ‡Xa°X»¼0\ÔÌÓ ÓÐ \+¬&+ý Ðà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼0\»XXa°È#ÔÔ‡Xa°X»¼0\ÔÐ ° ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼0\»XXa°S#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xa°X»¼0\ÔÔ‡Xa°XXXa°Ôà@!ìàò òFactual€Backgroundó óˆÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àOn€June€15,€1999,€Robert€Lee€and€his€wife€of€thirty„nine€years,€Barbara€Ann€Lee,€wereÐ `° Ðpreparing€for€a€trip€they€had€planned€to€take€the€following€day€to€visit€their€youngest€daughter€inÐ L œ ÐAlbuquerque,€New€Mexico.€€On€that€particular€morning,€Mrs.€Lee,€the€victim,€phoned€her€husbandÐ 8 ˆ Ðat€work€and€asked€how€much€cash€she€should€withdraw€for€the€trip.€€Mr.€Lee€suggested€she€onlyÐ $ t Ðwithdraw€$200„300€because€he€did€not€want€to€carry€a€large€amount€of€cash€on€his€person.€€TheÐ  ` Ðvictim€agreed€and€proceeded€to€run€many€errands€in€preparation€for€the€trip,€including€purchasingÐ ü L  Ðclothes€at€Eddie€Bauer€and€withdrawing€$200€in€cash€from€the€bank.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àAt€approximately€1:00€p.m.,€the€victim€pulled€into€the€Collierville€Sonic€in€her€newlyÐ À  Ðpurchased€green€1997€Chevrolet€Blazer€and€placed€an€order.€€Because€the€victim€frequented€thatÐ ¬ü  Ðparticular€Sonic€on€a€regular€basis,€Sharon€Bryson,€a€car€hop,€recognized€the€victim€and€her€dog,Ð ˜è  ÐOtis.€€As€Bryson€exited€the€restaurant€with€the€victimððs€food,€she€observed€the€following:Ð „Ô  ÐÌà8  àWell,€I€noticed€a€black€guy€was€in€the€back€of€her€vehicle,€and€I€knew€that€wasÐ \¬ Ðunusual.€€And€I€leaned€over€to€see€what€really€was€going€on.€€So€I€noticed€this€otherÐ H˜ Ðblack€guy€standing€down€by€her€driver€side€of€her€vehicle.€€And€I€turned€around€andÐ 4„ Ðwent€in€the€inside€to€get€someone€to€dial€911.Ð pÐ Ð  ÐÌBryson€further€testified€that€the€person€standing€on€the€driverððs€side€of€the€Blazer€possessed€aÐ øH Ðweapon.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àDetectives€Scott€Young€and€Gamon€Hill,€of€the€Collierville€Police€Department,€respondedÐ ¼  Ðto€the€911€call.€€As€they€interviewed€Bryson,€she€stated€that€the€man€holding€the€gun€was€wearingÐ ¨ø Ða€light€blue€wind€suit€and€had€been€walking€around€the€building€earlier€that€same€day.€Bryson€alsoÐ ”ä Ðinformed€officers€that€the€men€were€previously€seen€that€day€in€a€blue€car€with€a€tan€top.€€During€theÐ €Ð Ðinvestigation,€officers€discovered€a€blue€Buick€LeSabre€with€a€tan€top€parked€at€a€NAPA€auto€partsÐ l¼ Ðstore€approximately€100€yards€away.€€Officers€noticed€a€Sonic€cup€inside€the€car.€FurtherÐ X ¨ Ðinvestigation€revealed€that€the€Buick€was€registered€to€and€owned€by€Robert€Lewis€Carpenter,€Jr.,Ð D!” Ð[hereafter€ð ðCarpenterðð]€with€whom€Detective€Young€was€personally€acquainted.€Because€the€car€wasÐ 0"€  Ðregistered€in€Fayette€County,€officers€immediately€notified€Fayette€County€law€enforcement€officersÐ #l! Ðto€be€on€the€lookout€for€Carpenter€or€the€victimððs€Blazer.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àCriminal€Investigator€Chuck€Pugh,€of€the€Fayette€County€Sheriffððs€Department,€was€alsoÐ à%0!$ Ðfamiliar€with€€Carpenter€and€lived€only€two€miles€from€Carpenterððs€residence.€€On€this€particular€day,Ð Ì&"% ÐInvestigator€Pugh€was€at€his€residence€when€he€received€a€dispatch€requesting€that€he€drive€byÐ ¸'#& ÐCarpenterððs€home€on€Yaeger€Road€in€search€of€Carpenter€or€the€Blazer.€€After€he€received€thisÐ ¤(ô#' Ðrequest,€he€proceeded€to€the€Carpenter€residence€where€he€spoke€with€three€of€Carpenterððs€youngerÐ )à$( Ðâ âsiblings.€€Investigator€Pugh€asked€the€siblings€whether€they€had€seen€Carpenter€that€day€and€allÐ |*Ì%) Ðresponded€that€they€had€not.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€As€Investigator€Pugh€left€the€Carpenter€residence,€he€was€€notified€byÐ ° Ðâ âdispatch€that€a€citizen€had€reported€that€ð ðthey€had€just€met€a€green€Ford€[sic]€that€appeared€€„€thatÐ œì Ðsomebody€was€holding€a€gun€on€the€lady€in€the€car.ðð€After€searching€for€the€vehicle€in€a€nearbyÐ ˆØ Ðcommunity,€Pugh€returned€to€Yeager€Road€to€again€determine€if€the€Blazer€had€returned€to€theÐ tÄ ÐCarpenter€residence.€€As€Investigator€Pugh€was€driving€by€the€residence,€he€met€the€Blazer€comingÐ `° Ðout€of€the€driveway.€€He€recognized€Carpenter€as€the€person€driving€the€Blazer€and€observed€twoÐ L œ Ðother€passengers€in€the€vehicle.€€An€immediate€high„speed€pursuit€ensued.€€Detective€Ricky€Wilson,Ð 8 ˆ Ðof€the€Fayette€County€Sheriffððs€Department,€also€joined€in€the€high„speed€chase€which,€at€times,Ð $ t Ðreached€speeds€in€excess€of€100€miles€per€hour.€Ð  ` ÐÌÒe°Òà  àWhen€the€road€they€were€traveling€dead„ended€in€a€wheatfield€in€Northern€Mississippi,€theÐ è 8  ÐAppellant,€Robert€Carpenter€[the€Appellantððs€cousin],€and€Antonio€Carpenter€[the€Appellantððs€cousin]Ð Ô$  Ðall€fled€from€the€vehicle.€€Both€the€Appellant€and€Antonio€Carpenter€[hereinafter€ð ðAntonioðð]€wereÐ À  Ðapprehended€at€the€scene.€The€Appellant€was€found€knee„deep€in€a€pond€wearing€some€of€the€EddieÐ ¬ü  ÐBauer€clothing€the€victim€had€purchased€earlier€that€same€day.€€After€being€òòMirandizedóó,€InvestigatorÐ ˜è  ÐPugh€questioned€the€Appellant€concerning€the€whereabouts€of€the€victim.€€The€Appellant€stated€thatÐ „Ô  Ðhe€ð ðdidnððt€have€any€idea€about€any€white€woman.ðð€€The€Appellant€claimed€that€he€had€been€at€theÐ pÀ ÐCarpenter€residence€for€the€past€two€days€and€that€the€Carpenters€had€come€by€and€picked€him€up€inÐ \¬ Ðthe€Blazer.€€The€Appellant€further€told€Investigator€Pugh€that€he€had€no€idea€why€they€all€fled€fromÐ H˜ Ðthe€vehicle€when€it€stopped.€€The€Appellant€remained€calm,€composed,€and€rational€throughout€theÐ 4„ Ðarrest€and€did€not€appear€to€be€remorseful,€sad€or€distraught.€€In€fact,€the€Appellant€falsely€identifiedÐ  p Ðhimself€to€officers,€stating€that€his€name€was€ð ðSincere€Williams.ðð€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àInvestigators€seized€$306€in€cash€and€two€gold€earrings€from€Antonio.€€Based€uponÐ ä4 Ðinformation€given€to€officers€by€Antonio,€Investigator€Pugh€returned€to€the€Appellantððs€residence€andÐ Ð  Ðproceeded€along€a€dead„end€field€road€behind€the€house.€€Investigator€Pugh€described€what€he€foundÐ ¼  Ðin€relevant€part€as€follows:Ð ¨ø ÐÌà8  àThe€first€thing€I€saw€when€I€pulled€„€I€had€parked€when€I€„€I€saw€a€big€snauzer€[sic]Ð €Ð Ðdog.€Snauzer€[sic]€that€was€laying€in€the€road.€€It€was€alive.€€And€I€parked€back€up€inÐ l¼ Ðthis€area€here€and€walked€down€toward€the€dog,€and€the€dog€ran€off€in€this€area.€€IÐ X ¨ Ðstartled€him.€€He€was€laying€beside€her€body.€€But€thatððs€the€first€thing€I€saw.€€And€IÐ D!” Ðwalked€down€to€where€he€was,€and€thatððs€when€I€discovered€the€body€laying€there€inÐ 0"€  Ðthe€ditch.€€She€was€clothed.€€She€was€laying€in€that€indentation.€€She€was€covered€upÐ #l! Ðwith€horse€blankets.€€They€werenððt€as€thick€as€horse€blankets€but€something€similarÐ $X" Ðto€that€„€covered€up€with€a€piece€of€log€and€some€brush.€€It€was€laid€on€top€of€her.€€Ðô$D #!! Ðâ âÐ à%0!$ ÐDrag€marks€found€at€the€scene€indicated€that€the€victim€had€been€dragged€15€to€20€feet€before€beingÐ ° Ðâ âplaced€in€the€ditch.€€Investigator€Pugh€also€found€a€number€of€personal€items€belonging€to€the€victimÐ œì Ðincluding€the€victimððs€purse,€credit€cards,€bank€receipts,€and€identification.€€Approximately€50€feetÐ ˆØ Ðfrom€the€body,€officers€found€a€sawed„off€semi„automatic€.22€rifle.€€Along€the€road€and€near€the€body,Ð tÄ Ðofficers€further€located€a€number€of€Eddie€Bauer€clothes€tags€which€had€been€torn€from€the€clothingÐ `° Ðthe€victim€had€purchased€earlier€that€day.€€Approximately€four€hours€later,€Carpenter€was€alsoÐ L œ Ðapprehended€and€found€wearing€some€of€the€Eddie€Bauer€clothing.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àDetective€Wilson€questioned€the€Appellant€on€the€night€of€his€arrest.€€Because€the€AppellantÐ  ` Ðwas€sixteen€years€of€age,€his€father,€Reverend€James€Wright,€was€present€and€consented€to€theÐ ü L  Ðinterview.€€When€asked€about€the€circumstances€and€events€that€took€place€the€afternoon€of€theÐ è 8  Ðvictimððs€murder,€the€Appellant€provided€a€statement€which€recited€in€pertinent€part:Ð Ô$  ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àEarlier€today€(6„15„99)€were€you€in€Collierville,€TN?Ьü ` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àYes.Иè ` Ã` à ÐÌà  àQ:€à8 ` àWho€were€you€with?ÐpÀ` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àAntonio€Carpenter€and€Robert€Carpenter.Ð\¬` Ã` à Ðà  à.€.€.€Ð H˜ ÐÌà8  àA:€à8` !!àWe€were€supposed€to€help€work€on€Antonioððs€car.€€Antonio€wasnððtÐ  p Ðready€to€get€up€so€we€were€going€to€go€to€Sonic€where€our€friendÐ  \ Ðð ðMontðð€works€because€he€gives€us€free€food.€€I€got€2€chili€dogs,€a€fryÐ øH Ðand€a€slush.Ðä4` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àWhere€did€you€eat€your€food?м ` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àIn€behind€Sonic.€€ð ðMontðð€sneaks€the€food€out€the€backdoor.€€RobertÐ ¨ø Ðwas€parked€on€the€side€next€to€NAPA€auto€parts€sitting€in€his€carÐ ”ä Ðwaiting€on€me.€€When€I€finished€eating,€I€went€back€to€Robertððs€car.€Ð €Ð ÐThe€green€Blazer€was€parked€on€the€passenger€side€of€Robertððs€car.€Ð l¼ ÐWhen€I€came€around€the€Blazer€I€saw€the€ladies€dog.€€I€think€the€dogsÐ X ¨ Ðname€was€Otis.€€I€asked€the€lady€did€it€bite€and€she€said€no.€€Robert€gotÐ D!” Ðout€of€the€car€with€the€sawed€off€gun€and€went€to€her€window.€€He€toldÐ 0"€  Ðher€to€get€to€the€other€side.€€She€tried€to€get€out€and€he€told€her€to€getÐ #l! Ðback€here.€€She€shut€the€door€and€[he]€told€her€to€shut€up€or€he€wouldÐ $X" Ðshoot€her.€€I€got€in€the€back€of€the€Blazer€and€he€told€me€to€move€hisÐ ô$D # Ðcar€to€NAPA.€€I€parked€the€car€on€the€side€next€to€Sycamore.Ðà%0!$` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àDescribe€the€car€to€me?и'#&` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àItððs€a€Buick€LeSabre.€€Itððs€dark€blue€with€a€tan€colored€top.Ф(ô#'` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àWhat€did€you€do€after€you€parked€the€car?Ð|*Ì%)` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àWent€to€the€Blazer,€gave€Robert€the€key€and€went€to€get€Antonio.Ðh+¸&*` Ã` à Їà  à.€.€.€Ð ° ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àWhere€was€the€white€lady€at?ЈØ` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àFront€passenger€side.ÐtÄ` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àWhat€was€she€saying€at€this€point?ÐL œ` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àWe€could€have€her€money,€just€let€her€go.Ð8 ˆ` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àDid€you€or€any€of€the€other€two€take€any€money?Ð `` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àRobert€took€the€money€and€gave€it€to€Antonio.Ðü L ` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àHow€much€was€it€that€he€took?ÐÔ$ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àA€little€over€$300.ÐÀ ` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àWhen€you€left€Antonioððs,€where€did€you€go?Иè ` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àUp€to€the€train€tracks€and€turned€up€through€some€factories.€€We€wentÐ „Ô  Ðdown€to€the€road€by€the€old€milk€barn€and€went€into€Fayette€County.€Ð pÀ ÐWe€went€around€by€the€big€church€by€the€highway€and€got€on€57Ð \¬ Ðhighway€and€went€through€Rossville.€€We€turned€on€the€road€acrossÐ H˜ Ðfrom€Troxel€and€went€to€Oak€Grove€and€then€to€Yager€[sic].€€The€ladyÐ 4„ Ðwas€saying€let€me€out,€we€were€in€the€country.€€Robert€wouldnððt€stopÐ  p Ðthough.Ð \` Ã` à Ðà  à.€.€.€à8 ` àÐøH` Ã` à ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àWhere€did€you€and€the€rest€go€then?ÐÐ ` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àUp€the€hill€behind€the€house€about€a€mile€or€so.€€We€sat€in€the€car€andÐ ¼  ÐRobert€said€he€couldnððt€let€her€go€because€she€had€seen€his€face.€€SheÐ ¨ø Ðtold€him€she€wouldnððt€tell.€€He€then€told€her€he€wouldnððt€hurt€her€andÐ ”ä Ðtold€her€to€get€out€of€the€car.€When€he€said€that€she€said,€ð ðyouððre€goingÐ €Ð Ðto€kill€me,€arenððt€you?ðð€€She€got€out,€I€took€her€dog€out.€€She€asked€meÐ l¼ Ðnot€to€hurt€him,€I€told€her€I€wouldnððt.€€Robert€came€around€the€back€ofÐ X ¨ Ðthe€car€while€she€was€turned€away€and€hit€her€in€the€back€of€the€headÐ D!” Ðwith€the€gun.€€He€hit€her€with€the€grip€end€of€the€gun.€€She€went€to€theÐ 0"€  Ðground€kind€of€backwards€and€blood€started€coming€from€her€head.€Ð #l! ÐShe€was€moving€around€some.€€We€threw€her€purse€out€and€left€backÐ $X" Ðdown€the€hill€towards€Robertððs€house.€€The€kids€stopped€us€and€toldÐ ô$D # Ðus€the€police€had€just€left.€€Robert€turned€around€and€took€off€fast€upÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€hill.ÐÌ&"%` Ã` à Ðà  à.€.€.€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà8  àQ:€à8` !!àHow€did€he€get€back€out€to€the€lady?Ð)à$(` Ã` à Ðà8  àA:€à8` !!àThrough€the€woods.€€I€was€in€the€back€seat.€€Robert€came€back€to€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðlady€and€ran€over€her.€€He€then€backed€up€and€ran€over€a€second€time.€Ð h+¸&* ÐWe€got€out€and€me€and€Tony€started€getting€upset€with€him€forÐ ° Ðrunning€over€her.€€We€picked€her€up€and€all€three€of€us€carried€her€overÐ œì Ðand€put€her€in€a€low€spot€and€covered€her€up€with€seat€covers€andÐ ˆØ Ðlumber.ÐtÄ` Ã` à ÐÌAfter€the€statement€was€reduced€to€writing,€both€the€Appellant€and€his€father€were€allowed€to€reviewÐ L œ Ðthe€statement€before€the€Appellant€initialed€each€response€as€being€correct.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àDr.€O.C.€Smith,€medical€examiner€for€Shelby€County,€performed€an€autopsy€on€the€victim.€Ð  ` ÐAt€trial,€Dr.€Smith€testified€that€the€victim€ð ðdied€as€a€result€of€blows€to€the€head,€crushing€neckÐ ü L  Ðinjuries,€a€crushed€chest,€a€crushed€abdomen€and€a€crushed€pelvis.ðð€€Dr.€Smith€testified€that€theseÐ è 8  Ðinjuries€were€massive€and€consistent€with€the€victim€being€run€over€by€a€motor€vehicle.€€Dr.€SmithÐ Ô$  Ðobserved€the€presence€of€tire€tracks€on€the€left€side€of€the€victimððs€rib€cage€and€further€testified€thatÐ À  Ðthe€injuries€sustained€as€a€result€of€the€motor€vehicle€were€ð ðslow€injuriesðð€indicating€ð ðthat€the€car€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðnot€moving€at€a€high€speed.ðð€€Dr.€Smith€could€not€determine€how€many€times€the€victim€was€run€overÐ ˜è  Ðby€the€Blazer,€and€stated€ð ðitððs€possible€that€she€was€either€moving€under€the€vehicle,€either€beingÐ „Ô  Ðmoved€by€the€vehicle€or€moving€herself€.€.€.€the€injuries€to€the€back€side€would€indicate€that€weððveÐ pÀ Ðgot€injuries€going€in€this€direction,€but€the€injury€pattern€to€the€front€of€the€chest€indicates€thisÐ \¬ Ðdirection.ðð€Nonetheless,€Dr.€Smith€determined€that€the€thirty„eight€rib€fractures,€the€crushed€abdomen,Ð H˜ Ðand€the€crushed€pelvis€were€the€result€of€being€run€over€by€a€motor€vehicle.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àDr.€Smith€further€testified€that€the€victim€had€sustained€blows€to€her€face€and€deep€bruises€onÐ  \ Ðthe€left€arm€which€showed€that€ð ða€fair€amount€of€force€was€applied€to€the€inside€of€the€left€arm€forÐ øH Ðsome€purpose.ðð€€Dr.€Smith€also€testified€that€the€victim€received€ð ðcrushing€forcesðð€to€the€front€partÐ ä4 Ðof€her€neck€which€caused€her€voice€box,€trachea,€and€larynx€to€be€crushed.€€Dr.€Smith€noted€that€theÐ Ð  Ðvictim€had€also€sustained€ð ðblunt€trauma€to€the€head.ðð€€He€opined,€however,€that€the€blow€to€the€headÐ ¼  Ðwas€not€sufficient€in€and€of€itself€to€cause€death€because€the€blow€ð ðdid€not€produce€any€skull€fracture,Ð ¨ø Ðdid€not€produce€any€brain€damage.ðð€€€€Dr.€Smith€could€not€specifically€identify€the€weapon€that€wasÐ ”ä Ðused€to€inflict€the€blows€to€the€head,€face,€and€neck€but€did€conclude€that€the€surface€and€edges€of€theÐ €Ð Ðinjuries€to€the€victimððs€body€were€consistent€with€the€weapon€being€a€rifle.€Although€Dr.€Smith€wasÐ l¼ Ðunable€to€testify€as€to€whether€the€victim€was€conscious€or€unconscious€after€the€blow€to€the€head,Ð X ¨ Ðhe€was€able€to€determine€that€she€was€alive€when€she€received€the€blow€to€the€back€of€her€head,€sheÐ D!” Ðwas€alive€when€she€received€the€crushing€force€to€the€neck€resulting€in€neck€compression,€she€wasÐ 0"€  Ðalive€when€she€received€thirty„eight€rib€fractures,€she€was€alive€when€her€pelvis€was€crushed,€and€sheÐ #l! Ðwas€alive€when€her€abdomen€was€crushed.€€€He€further€testified€€ð ðthat€the€injuries€wereÐ $X" Ðcontemporaneous,€which€means€they€probably€all€[had]€to€be€administered€or€sustained€within€aboutÐ ô$D # Ð[an]€hourððs€time.ððÐ à%0!$ ÐÌÌÌÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðò òÓ  ÓSufficiency€of€the€EvidenceÐ ° ÐÌó óÓ  Óà  àThe€Appellant€asserts€that€the€evidence€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€support€his€convictionsÐ ˆØ Ðunder€a€theory€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€acts€and€offenses€of€others.ò ò€€ó óSpecifically,€he€contendsÐ tÄ Ðthat€facilitation€is€a€more€appropriate€theory€of€culpability€and€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€byÐ d´ Ðfailing€to€grant€his€motion€for€judgment€of€acquittal€or€by€failing€to€act€as€the€thirteenth€juror€toÐ P   Ðð ðmodify€the€verdict€to€reflect€that€[the€Appellant]€was€guilty€of€facilitation€on€each€of€the€counts.ððò ò€Ð < Œ ÐÌó óà  àA€motion€for€judgment€of€acquittal€raises€a€question€of€law€for€the€trial€courtððs€determination.Ð  h ÐòòState€v.€Hallóó,€656€S.W.2d€60,€61€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€When€the€trial€court€is€presented€with€aÐ  T  Ðmotion€for€judgment€of€acquittal,€the€only€concern€is€the€legal€sufficiency,€as€opposed€to€the€weight,Ð ð @  Ðof€the€evidence.€€€òòState€v.€Blantonóó,€926€S.W.2d€953,€957€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€Appellate€courtsÐ Ü,  Ðare€ill-suited€to€assess€whether€the€verdict€is€supported€by€the€weight€and€credibility€of€the€evidence.€Ð È  ÐòòState€v.€Moatsóó,€906€S.W.2d€431,€435€(Tenn.€1995).€€For€that€reason,€in€Tennessee,€the€accuracy€ofÐ ´  Ða€trial€court's€thirteenth€juror€determination€is€not€a€subject€of€appellate€review.€€òòId.óó;€òòState€v.€Burlisonóó,Ð  ð  Ð868€S.W.2d€713,€719€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.1993).€€Instead,€once€the€trial€court€approves€the€verdict€asÐ ŒÜ  Ðthe€thirteenth€juror,€appellate€review€is€limited€to€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€€Ð xÈ ÐòòBurlisonóó,€868€S.W.2d€at€719.€€Ð d´ ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€standard€by€which€the€trial€court€determines€a€motion€for€judgment€ofÐ <Œ Ðacquittal€at€the€end€of€all€the€proof€is,€in€essence,€the€same€standard€which€applies€on€appeal€inÐ (x Ðdetermining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€after€a€conviction;€€that€is,€whether€the€evidence€presentedÐ d Ðat€trial€was€so€deficient€that€no€ð ðrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÐ P Ðcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòÔ#†Xa°XXXa°Ü#ÔÔ‡Xa°XXXa°ÔJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789Ð ì< Ð(1979);€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€513€U.S.€1086,€115€S.€Ct.Ð Ø( Ð743€(1995);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)Ô#†Xa°XXXa°©a#ÔÔ‡Xa°XXXa°Ô.€A€Ô#†Xa°XXXa°ãb#ÔÔ‡Xa°XXXa°Ôjury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€withÐ Ä Ðwhich€a€defendant€is€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convictedÐ ° Ðdefendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð œì ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€In€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€does€notÐ ˆØ Ðreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Likewise,Ð tÄ Ðit€is€not€the€duty€of€this€Court€to€revisit€questions€of€witness€credibility€on€appeal,€that€function€beingÐ ` ° Ðwithin€the€province€of€the€trier€of€€fact.€€òòSee€generallyóó€òòState€v.€Adkinsóó,€786€S.W.2d€642,€646€(Tenn.Ð L!œ Ð1990);€òòState€v.€Burlisonóó,€868€S.W.2d€713,€718„19€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€Moreover,€the€State€isÐ 8"ˆ  Ðentitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€beÐ $#t! Ðdrawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992),€òòcert€denied,óó€507€U.S.€954,€113Ð $`" ÐS.€Ct.€1368€(1993).Ô#†Xa°XXXa°)c#ÔÔ‡Xa°XXXa°ÔÐ ü$L # ÐÌà  àIn€the€present€case,€the€jury€was€instructed€as€to€both€criminal€responsibility€by€the€conductÐ Ô&$"% Ðof€another€and€criminal€responsibility€for€facilitating€the€crimes.€€After€hearing€the€evidence,€the€juryÐ À'#& Ðconvicted€the€Appellant€for€the€following€offenses€under€a€theory€of€criminal€responsibility€for€theÐ ¬(ü#' Ðconduct€of€another:€(1)€first„degree€murder€(premeditated);€(2)€first„degree€murder€(felony);€(3)€Ð ˜)è$( Ðespecially€aggravated€kidnapping;€and€(3)€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€A€person€is€criminallyÐ „*Ô%) Ðresponsible€for€the€conduct€committed€by€the€conduct€of€another€if:Ð p+À&* Їà8  àActing€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€of€the€offense,€or€to€benefit€inÐ ° Ðthe€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€the€person€solicits,€directs,€aids,€or€attempts€toÐ œì Ðaid€another€person€to€commit€the€offense.ЈØ!! ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402(2).€€Facilitation,€however,€involves€the€following:Ð `° ÐÌà8  àA€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€the€facilitation€of€a€felony€if,€knowing€thatÐ 8 ˆ Ðanother€intends€to€commit€a€specific€felony,€but€without€the€intent€required€forÐ $ t Ðcriminal€responsibility€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402(2),€the€person€knowinglyÐ  ` Ðfurnishes€substantial€assistance€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.Ðü L !! ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„403(a).€€Facilitation€of€a€felony€is€a€lesser€degree€of€criminal€responsibility€Ð Ô$  Ðthan€that€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another.€€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€470Ð À  Ð(Tenn.€1999).€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€expressly€characterize€facilitation€as€"a€lesserÐ ¬ü  Ðincluded€offense€[of€criminal€responsibility]€€if€the€defendant's€degree€of€complicity€is€insufficientÐ ˜è  Ðto€warrant€conviction€as€a€party."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€39-11-403,€Sentencing€CommissionÐ „Ô  ÐComments.€€€€The€facilitation€statute€is€premised€upon€a€theory€of€vicarious€responsibility€becauseÐ pÀ Ðit€applies€to€a€person€who€facilitates€criminal€conduct€of€another€by€knowingly€furnishing€substantialÐ \¬ Ðassistance€to€the€perpetrator€of€a€felony,€but€who€lacks€the€intent€to€promote€or€assist€in,€or€benefitÐ H˜ Ðfrom,€the€felonyððs€commission.€€òòSee€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„404,€Sentencing€CommissionÐ 4„ ÐComments.Ð  p ÐÌà  àThe€Appellant€contends€that€he€played€a€ð ðpassive€roleðð€in€the€crimes€and,€as€such,€he€shouldÐ øH Ðhave€been€found€guilty€of€€ð ðfacilitation€on€each€of€the€counts.ðð€€€We€disagree.€€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àThe€proof€at€trial€established€that€the€Appellant€was€present€throughout€the€entire€criminalÐ ¼  Ðepisode€and€assisted€in€the€commission€of€the€crimes€and€benefitted€in€the€proceeds.€€It€was€theÐ ¨ø ÐAppellant€who€first€approached€the€victim€at€the€Sonic€and€who€got€into€the€back€seat€of€her€BlazerÐ ”ä Ðwhile€Carpenter€held€a€gun€to€the€victim.€€It€was€the€Appellant€who€moved€Carpenterððs€vehicle€to€theÐ €Ð ÐNAPA€lot€to€remove€it€from€view.€€It€was€the€Appellant€who€removed€the€victimððs€dog€from€theÐ l¼ ÐBlazer€and€assisted€in€throwing€the€victimððs€purse€from€the€vehicle.€€Again,€the€Appellant€assistedÐ X ¨ Ðin€attempting€to€conceal€the€victimððs€body,€along€with€his€accomplices€by€dragging€the€victim€to€aÐ D!” Ðditch€where€they€covered€her€with€seat€covers€and€lumber.€€When€apprehended,€the€Appellant€wasÐ 0"€  Ðwearing€Eddie€Bauer€jeans€and€an€Eddie€Bauer€shirt€which€had€been€purchased€by€the€victim.€€AfterÐ #l! Ðthe€high„speed€pursuit€by€law€enforcement,€the€victim€ran€until€officers€captured€him€in€a€pond.€Ð $X" ÐWhen€questioned,€the€Appellant€falsely€identified€himself€as€ð ðSincere€Williamsðð€and€denied€knowingÐ ô$D # Ðanything€about€the€victim.€€In€fact,€it€was€Antonio,€and€not€the€Appellant,€who€led€police€to€theÐ à%0!$ Ðlocation€of€the€victimððs€body.€€Only€hours€later€did€the€Appellant€admit€to€his€involvement€in€theÐ Ì&"% Ðcrime.€€We€conclude€that€the€facts€of€this€case€and€the€evidence€introduced€at€trial€clearly€establishÐ ¸'#& Ðthat€the€Appellant€acted€with€the€intent€to€assist€in€the€commission€of€the€offenses,€by€aiding€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðbenefitting€in€the€proceeds.€€As€such,€we€find€the€proof€sufficient€to€support€the€AppellantððsÐ )à$( Ðconvictions.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðò òÓ  ÓCONCLUSIONÐ ° ÐÌó óÓ  Óà  àWe€find€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€more€than€sufficient€to€support€the€AppellantððsÐ ˆØ Ðconvictions€under€a€theory€of€criminal€responsibility€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402(2).€Ð tÄ ЀAccordingly,€the€judgments€of€conviction€€for€first„degree€murder,€especially€aggravated€kidnappingÐ `° Ðand€especially€aggravated€robbery€are€affirmed.Ð L œ Ðà  à€Ð 8 ˆ Ðà  àÔ#†Xa°XXXa°-h#ÔÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Ô$  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGE