ÿWPC …] ã\|ó!ò~Üš9KñÙ=­`j³Ù¨Ïç¨çØáá¤=~ìÝà‘þïzÆ&^ÙžÝùZ¸Q’Åñ˜p÷85–ÔnœüW‚êe0ÀD°KŸ'Wá-l^?G}W÷ûXÜ·TvEÊ|¯!Ÿ81*ÝüeÅå 5,ŸšX£IPˆÛ­Âh,Á²—‚Wå›í±‘RÍ:Ç.L~ŒÈIç8f²C ±ÄýPg0fuÀ<ÞÈ"¤¨\Ã%ì 'é5[O¯ÚqkäSFJÛÃ8‹6èCÒÌE·C§ŠñÕ…G(>‚j]œó*ã“GmŒê05Ay/z¾£œ˜_^6ä3έd’}èAÊc…f-Š¯Î­5›Úu› ®àXÇÁÛ¬3ål Èaö£Oå±WhÏÇ*Éëµ/p-Õ­p¨ÝjJ ]> p~v±úZÞ“XWxq² Ôsð÷„‰K4œÛf;Þ¢²]êÍŒÑ"6)^·k#ȤX‚i¤¹°¸³ñõ³o°PY†€0¹÷Qè”êÑ’ o ¦]«d–Ö\lµXw¨UL·’’Umž?¿…Ù½lÖ¼Ô(ŸÇqTú‰‘ŽÊ3%[ˆmfí¹PÙÃÂáÚZÑ^,'ƒ&áb %\çb 0ˆI UNÑ Ñ U@ ^ _ zk Òå w· 4» Ï Þ Æà Ʀ ÆlÆ2 møNÞ#ÁïE°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 0D²²²²²böööööööööööööööööööööööööööööööööööö 0ëþþþþ Béé 0¤ D3ª D-Ý 0K   ASUƨ 0¤n 0D A«V» ÝÝ ƒR3Õ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¥]ò»»ÔÝ  ÝIn€his€brief€the€Defendant€also€raises€an€issue€concerning€the€trial€courtððs€charge€to€the€jury€on€lesser„includedÐ ° Ðoffenses.€€However,€the€Defendant€conceded€that€this€issue€was€without€merit€during€the€oral€argument€of€this€case.€Ð tÄ ÐMoreover,€the€Defendant€has€failed€to€provide€this€Court€with€either€a€transcript€or€copy€of€the€trial€courtððs€juryÐ 8ˆ Ðinstructions€as€required€by€Tennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€Procedure€24(b).€€Accordingly,€this€issue€is€also€waived.€€òòSeeóóÐ üL ÐòòState€v.€Ivyóó,€868€S.W.2d€724,€728€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman °p+  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÖJ~'œM§3|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ ÔÝ ƒR3Õ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¥]ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€witness€referred€to€the€blocks€as€ð ðcinder€blocksðð€or€ð ðbrick„o„blocks.ðð˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G23Õ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€å»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô¥]ò»»Ô d(|3z$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€å»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3z$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€å»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€å»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼å»»»ÔÑ8€@ÙXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î åÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼å»îî  #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àOctober€17,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X@ÙX»¼åÔÌò òÔ#†¼å»XX@Ù#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€OSCAR€GOMEZÔ‡X@ÙX»¼åÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€99„C„1975€€€€€€Walter€Kurtz,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2001„00130„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€November€16,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€Defendant,€Oscar€Gomez,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€first€degree€premeditated€murder€and€theftÐ xÈ  Ðunder€five€hundred€dollars.€€He€was€sentenced€to€life€imprisonment€for€the€murder€and€to€aÐ d´ Ðconcurrent€term€of€six€months€for€the€theft.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€Defendant€contends€thatÐ P  Ðthe€evidence€of€premeditated€murder€is€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction.€€We€disagree€andÐ <Œ Ðaffirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð (x ÐÓŸÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ P ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼å»àX@Ù}#ÔÔ‡X@ÙX.¼åÔDavid€H.€Welles,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoseph€M.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ôóó€and€òòJerry€L.Ð Ø( ÐSmith,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ä ÐÌJohn€E.€Rodgers,€Jr.,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Oscar€Gomez.Ð œì ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Elizabeth€T.€Ryan,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð tÄ ÐVictor€S.€Johnson,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Sharon€Ô_ÔBroxÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,Ð `° Ðfor€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð L œ ÐÓ8ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼å»XX@Ùg#ÔÔ‡X@ÙX»¼åÔÐ $"t! ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼å»XX@ÙK #ÔÔ‡X@ÙX»¼åÔÓ  Óà0  àDuring€the€early€morning€hours€of€March€21,€1999,€Amber€Bruchett€Majano,€Larry€Melton,€Ô#†¼å»XX@Ù© #ÔÔ€X@ÙX»¼åÔÐü#L#(#(# ÐPatricia€Melton,€Monique€Ells,€Ronald€Fuentes,€Caesar€Corrales,€the€Defendant€and€others€wereÐ è$8 $ Ðgathered€at€San€Joseððs,€a€restaurant€and€bar€on€Nolensville€Road€in€Nashville.€€They€had€all€beenÐ Ô%$!% Ðdrinking€to€some€extent.€€Larry€and€Patricia€Melton€left€the€bar€and€drove€home;€the€others€left€someÐ À&"& Ðtime€later€in€three€separate€vehicles.€€Ð ¬'ü"' ÐÌà  àAmber€Majano€testified€that€she€was€in€a€car€with€several€other€people,€following€a€truck€inÐ „)Ô$) Ðwhich€the€Defendant€was€riding.€€Another€car€containing€members€of€the€group€followed€the€vehicleÐ p*À%* Ðin€which€Majano€was€riding.€€All€three€vehicles€were€proceeding€on€Ô_ÔNolensvilleÔ_Ô€Road€towardÐ \+¬&+ Ðdowntown€Nashville.€€Majano€stated€that€they€passed€two€Hispanic€males€walking€on€the€sidewalk.€Ð H,˜', ÐShe€heard€Fuentes€and€the€Defendant€yell€something€about€Hispanic€gangs€at€the€two€men.€€She€sawÐ 4-„(-ý Ðthe€two€men€take€off€running,€and€the€truck€in€which€the€Defendant€was€riding€then€made€a€u„turn;Ð ° Ðthe€car€in€which€Majano€was€riding,€along€with€the€car€behind€her,€followed.€€The€vehicles€pulledÐ œì Ðinto€a€side€road,€near€a€lot€in€which€a€number€of€cars€were€parked.€€Majano€stayed€in€the€car€in€whichÐ ˆØ Ðshe€was€riding;€she€saw€the€Defendant,€Fuentes€and€some€of€the€other€men€who€had€been€with€themÐ tÄ Ðat€San€Joseððs€running€through€the€parked€cars.€€She€testified€that€she€saw€ð ðblocksðð€flying.׃×Ý ƒ)#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€AsÐ `° ÐMajano€continued€to€watch,€she€saw€the€victim€ð ðgo€down.ðð€€She€also€saw€the€Defendant€strike€theÐ L œ Ðvictim€and€make€stomping€and€kicking€motions€with€his€legs.€€Majano€testified€that€she€saw€theÐ 8 ˆ ÐDefendant€holding€a€concrete€block€while€raising€it€up€and€down€in€his€hands.€€She€did€not€see€what,Ð $ t Ðif€anything,€the€block€was€striking,€but€saw€the€Defendant€raising€and€lowering€the€block€two€or€threeÐ  ` Ðtimes.€€She€explained€that,€because€of€the€cars€blocking€her€vision,€she€could€not€see€what€wasÐ ü L  Ðoccurring€below€the€Defendantððs€waist.€€She€did€not€see€anyone€else€strike€the€victim€with€a€concreteÐ è 8  Ðblock.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àWhen€everybody€came€running€back€to€the€vehicles,€Majano€heard€the€Defendant€state,€ð ðIÐ ¬ü  Ðthink€heððs€dead;€I€think€we€killed€him.ðð€€The€three€vehicles€then€drove€to€the€Meltonsðð€house.€€OnceÐ ˜è  Ðthey€arrived,€Majano€testified,€the€Defendant€and€a€few€of€the€others€ð ðwere€just€kind€of€standing€upÐ „Ô  Ðmaking€it€to€be€like€it€was€a€big€deal,€[that]€it€was€something€good€that€they€had€done.ðð€€She€statedÐ pÀ Ðthat€the€Defendant€was€bragging€about€how€they€had€killed€someone.€€She€also€testified€that€theÐ \¬ ÐDefendant€had€blood€on€his€shoes€and€that€he€put€them€in€the€bathtub€and€told€her€to€wash€them€off.€Ð H˜ ÐShe€refused€to€do€so.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àThe€next€morning€Majano€asked€the€Defendant€if€they€had€really€killed€someone.€€SheÐ  \ Ðtestified€that€he€responded,€ð ðyeah,€we€killed€him;€there€lays€his€tennis€shoes€over€there.ðð€€SheÐ øH Ðexplained€that€the€Defendant€told€her€that€he€had€returned€to€the€scene€to€make€sure€the€victim€wasÐ ä4 Ðdead,€and€took€the€victimððs€shoes.€€Majano€testified€that€the€Defendant€later€sold€the€victimððs€shoesÐ Ð  Ðfor€thirty€dollars.€€The€Defendant€subsequently€told€her,€ð ðwhat€happens€in€a€gang€stays€in€the€gang,ððÐ ¼  Ðwhich€Ô_ÔMajanoÔ_Ô€understood€to€be€a€threat.€€She€explained€that€the€Defendant€was€a€member€of€theÐ ¨ø ÐMS13€gang.€€Caesar€Corrales€testified€that€MS13€is€a€gang€from€El€Salvador.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àLarry€Melton€testified€that,€after€the€Defendant€came€to€his€home€that€night,€the€DefendantÐ l¼ Ðtold€him€that€they€had€gotten€into€a€fight€on€Nolensville€Road,€kicked€a€ð ðguy,ðð€and€ð ðhit€him€with€aÐ X ¨ Ðbrick„o„block.ðð€€Melton€testified€that€the€Defendant€demonstrated€how€he€had€hit€the€victim,€andÐ D!” Ðstated€that€he€thought€they€had€killed€the€victim.€€The€Defendant€explained€to€Melton€that€the€fightÐ 0"€  Ðstarted€when€someone€on€Nolensville€Road€hollered€at€them,€and€then€threw€a€rock€at€their€car€whenÐ #l! Ðthe€Defendant€hollered€back.€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àMonique€Ells€testified€that€she€was€driving€the€vehicle€in€which€the€Defendant€was€riding.€Ð à%0!$ ÐShe€stated€that€they€passed€ð ða€couple€of€Mexicansðð€and€the€Defendant€yelled€ð ðMS13ðð€to€them€inÐ Ì&"% ÐSpanish.€€She€explained€that€MS13€was€the€gang€to€which€the€Defendant€belonged.€€The€DefendantÐ ¸'#& Ðtold€her€to€turn€the€car€around,€and€she€then€pulled€into€a€lot€where€€other€vehicles€were€parked.€€The€Ð ¤(ô#' Ðtwo€men€they€were€following€jumped€up€from€behind€two€of€the€parked€cars€and€started€throwingÐ )à$( Ðrocks€at€them.€€The€Defendant€got€out€of€the€car€and,€together€with€Corrales€and€Fuentes,€chased€theÐ ° Ðtwo€men.€€After€five€to€ten€minutes,€Ells€testified,€she€saw€the€Defendant€with€a€block€in€his€hand,Ð œì Ðmoving€his€hands€ð ðlike€this.ðð€€After€the€Defendant€returned€to€the€car,€he€told€her€that€he€thought€heÐ ˆØ Ðhad€killed€someone.€€After€they€arrived€at€the€Meltonsðð€house,€she€saw€the€Defendantððs€shoes€in€theÐ tÄ Ðbathroom€and€saw€blood€on€the€bottoms€of€the€shoes.€€When€she€spoke€with€the€Defendant€someÐ `° Ðdays€later€about€the€killing,€she€testified,€the€Defendant€told€her,€ð ðif€anybody€said€anything,€heððd€putÐ L œ Ðthem€in€the€ground€before€heððd€go€to€jail.ððÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àThe€victim€was€sixteen„year„old€Ô_ÔAlejandroÔ_Ô€Diaz.€€Diaz€was€found€at€the€scene€of€the€killingÐ  ` Ðlying€face€down€with€half€of€a€concrete€block€lying€on€the€back€of€his€head.€€The€victimððs€body€wasÐ ü L  Ðfound€lying€in€a€corner€formed€by€the€wall€of€a€building€and€a€chain€link€fence.€€His€shoes€were€gone,Ð è 8  Ðbut€his€socks€were€clean.€€His€shirt€bore€markings€as€though€he€had€been€kicked.€€Law€enforcementððsÐ Ô$  Ðefforts€notwithstanding,€no€fingerprints€were€recovered€from€the€scene.€€Dr.€Bruce€Phillip€Levy,€theÐ À  Ðmedical€examiner€who€performed€the€autopsy€on€the€victim,€testified€that€Diaz€died€ð ðas€a€result€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðblunt€force€injuries€to€his€head.ðð€€Levy€stated€that€the€victim€suffered€multiple€skull€fractures,€andÐ ˜è  Ðthat€the€injuries€were€consistent€with€being€struck€with€a€concrete€block.€€He€further€testified€that€ð ðaÐ „Ô  Ðconsiderable€amount€of€force€was€usedðð€to€inflict€the€injuries,€and€that€the€victim€had€been€struckÐ pÀ Ðaround€the€head€a€minimum€of€five€times.€€The€victim€also€suffered€injuries€to€his€hands€and€armsÐ \¬ Ðthat€were€consistent€with€defensive€wounds.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àThe€only€issue€raised€by€the€Defendant€in€this€appeal׃×Ý ƒ)#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€is€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidenceÐ  p Ðestablishing€that€he€killed€the€victim€with€premeditation.€€Ô‡X@ÙXXX@ÙÔTennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€ProcedureÐ  \ Ð13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[f]indings€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shallÐ øH Ðbe€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyondÐ ä4 Ða€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€Evidence€is€sufficient€if,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÐ Ð  Ðfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÐ ¼  Ðcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,Ð ¨ø Ð24€S.W.3d€274,€278€(Tenn.€2000).€€In€addition,€because€conviction€by€a€trier€of€fact€destroys€theÐ ”ä Ðpresumption€of€innocence€and€imposes€a€presumption€of€guilt,€a€convicted€criminal€defendant€bearsÐ €Ð Ðthe€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòMcBee€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176Ð l¼ Ð(Tenn.€1963);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Buggsóó,€995€S.W.2d€102,€105„06€(Tenn.€1999);€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838Ð X ¨ ÐS.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992);òòóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).òòóóÐ D!” ÐÌà  àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðthe€strongest€legitimateÐ #l! Ðview€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawnÐ $X" Ðtherefrom.ðð€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914;òòóó€òòsee€alsoóó€òòSmithóó,€24€S.W.3d€at€279.€€The€court€may€not€ð ðre„Ð ô$D # Ðweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below.€€òòEvansóó,€838€S.W.2d€at€191;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòBuggsóó,Ð à%0!$ Ð995€S.W.2d€at€105.òòóó€€Likewise,€should€the€reviewing€court€find€particular€conflicts€in€the€trialÐ Ì&"% Ðtestimony,€the€court€must€resolve€them€in€favor€of€the€jury€verdict€or€trial€court€judgment.€€òòTuggleóó,Ð ° Ð639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€All€questions€involving€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€beÐ œì Ðgiven€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€the€appellate€courts.€Ð ˆØ ÐòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Morrisóó,€24€S.W.3d€788,€795€(Tenn.€2000);€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.Ð tÄ ÐCrim.€App.€1987).Ð `° ÐÔ#†X@ÙXXX@Ù*#ÔÌà  àA€premeditated€killing€is€one€done€ð ðafter€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.ðð€€Tenn.Ð 8 ˆ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€€Premeditation€requires€that€ð ðthe€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formedÐ $ t Ðprior€to€the€act€itself.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€purpose€to€kill€pre„exist€in€the€mind€of€the€accusedÐ  ` Ðfor€any€definite€period€of€time.ðð€€òòId.óó€€In€order€to€support€a€finding€of€premeditation,€ð ð[t]he€mentalÐ ü L  Ðstate€of€the€accused€at€the€time€the€accused€allegedly€decided€to€kill€must€be€carefully€considered€inÐ è 8  Ðorder€to€determine€whether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitement€and€passion€as€to€beÐ Ô$  Ðcapable€of€premeditation.ðð€€òòId.óó€Ð À  ÐÌà  àThe€element€of€premeditation€is€a€question€of€fact€to€be€resolved€by€the€jury€and€may€beÐ ˜è  Ðestablished€by€proof€of€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€killing.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Suttlesóó,€30€S.W.3dÐ „Ô  Ð252,€261€(Tenn.€2000).€€Factors€tending€to€support€the€existence€of€premeditation€include€the€use€ofÐ pÀ Ða€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim,€the€particular€cruelty€of€the€killing,€and€calmnessÐ \¬ Ðimmediately€after€the€killing.€€òòSee€id.óó€(citing€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€660€(Tenn.€Ô_Ô1997)).Ô_ԀРH˜ ÐWhile€the€infliction€of€multiple€blows€to€the€victim€is€not€alone€sufficient€to€establish€premeditation,Ð 4„ Ðòòseeóó€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€541„43€(Tenn.€1992),€repeated€blows€that€evidence€theÐ  p Ðparticularly€brutal€nature€of€the€killing€are€supportive€of€a€juryððs€finding€of€premeditation.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÐ  \ Ðv.€Simsóó,€45€S.W.3d€1,€8€(Tenn.€2001).Ð øH ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€killing€of€Diaz€support€the€juryððs€findingÐ Ð  Ðthat€the€Defendant€killed€the€victim€with€premeditation.€€The€attack€was€precipitated€by€theÐ ¼  ÐDefendant€after€the€Defendant€yelled€his€gangððs€name€at€the€victim€and€the€victim€or€another€manÐ ¨ø Ðresponded€by€throwing€a€rock€at€the€Defendantððs€car.€€€Although€the€victim€ran€from€the€DefendantÐ ”ä Ðand€the€Defendantððs€companions,€he€was€unable€to€escape.€€According€to€the€proof,€the€onlyÐ €Ð Ðð ðweaponsðð€seen€used€by€the€victim€were€rocks€and€other€thrown€material;€that€he€was€unarmed€mayÐ l¼ Ðalso€be€inferred€from€the€defensive€wounds€he€suffered€to€his€hands€and€arms.€€The€proof€establishedÐ X ¨ Ðthat€the€Defendant€hit€and€kicked€the€victim€and€then€repeatedly€struck€the€victim€in€the€back€of€theÐ D!” Ðhead€with€a€concrete€block€after€the€victim€had€fallen€down.€€The€victim€was€found€face€down€withÐ 0"€  Ðone„half€of€a€concrete€block€lying€on€the€back€of€his€head.€€€The€victim€was€killed€by€at€least€five€Ð #l! Ðblows€from€a€blunt€object€to€the€back€of€his€head:€€that€is,€the€victim€was€literally€beaten€to€deathÐ $X" Ðwith€a€piece€of€cement€block€as€he€lay€face€down€in€the€dirt€and€trapped€in€a€corner.€€Certainly€theÐ ô$D # ÐDefendant€had€the€opportunity€while€he€chased€the€victim,€kicked€him,€€and€then€between€each€blowÐ à%0!$ Ðto€the€victimððs€head€to€consider€his€actions€and€to€decide€whether€to€continue€his€attack€or€to€stop.€Ð Ì&"% ÐAfter€he€killed€the€victim,€the€Defendant€returned€to€the€house€where€he€was€living€and€boasted€toÐ ¸'#& Ðothers€about€the€killing.€€He€then€returned€to€the€scene€of€the€crime€to€make€sure€that€the€victim€wasÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdead€and€to€steal€the€victimððs€shoes.€€These€circumstances€support€the€juryððs€finding€that€theÐ )à$( ÐDefendant€killed€the€victim€with€premeditation,€and€this€issue€is€therefore€without€merit.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€accordingly€affirmed.€€€€Ð ° Ðà  àÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð L œ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE