WPC :R"mi_lZ\OGN=(7f{&.DL/5Z׾McU[rxI}z!-ؾݏ H ]eo)Mnx+IE}oOǨ\4"H#G3!NCBxJsb_nn}+$e9v,-Wy.VQ) ɅNZ3>)o$1$)W@ڪkF0M+R^uD_-i%͔01H,fCԶ8]ʜodhZB%|D|TŨtܔJrQkB"lj|%5xHVǿ odSӣ5, r7kGucM RµpJ `xʯ: Re{@L#LǏXe(!uwLB)UN> % 0(U:w@44HW 0D_ 0z 0DaA ) U:  AQ| 0D B 0D D/88 Bg D3(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($,  AZ"Arial Regular AUBCED[EFGDHIӀUn~<$ 3|xU(3$ !  (*(2$ !   `   0  (%$  1    $ `   3    Thisevidencewillbeinadmissibleuponaretrial.SeeStatev.Murphy,953  S.W.2d200(Tenn.1997).  $ `   4    AfourthorsubsequentDUIisaClassEfelony.T.C.A.5510403(a)(1).   $ `   2    Tenn.R.Evid.702.Ifscientific,technical,orotherspecializedknowledgewill  substantiallyassistthetrieroffacttounderstandtheevidenceortodetermineafactinissue,awitnessqualifiedasanexpertbyknowledge,skill,experience,training,oreducationmaytestifyintheformofanopinionorotherwise.    ` Tenn.R.Evid.703.Thefactsordataintheparticularcaseuponwhichanexpertbasesanopinionorinferencemaybethoseperceivedbyormadeknowntotheexpertatorbeforethehearing.Ifofatypereasonablyrelieduponbyexpertsintheparticularfieldinformingopinionsorinferencesuponthesubject,thefactsordataneednotbeadmissibleinevidence.Thecourtshalldisallowtestimonyintheformofanopinionorinferenceiftheunderlyingfactsordataindicatelackoftrustworthiness.  $ `   4    AfourthorsubsequentDUIisaClassEfelony.Tenn.CodeAnn.5510  403(a)(1).  !"  XyXXXmXXy   Ad FILEDXyXm   December10,1998  CecilCrowson,Jr.VXXyAppellateCourtClerk ,cAZ"Arial Regular   $ `   1    TheletterisdatedJuly19,1996,andreadsinrelevantpart:  8 ` Asaresultoftwo(2)recentTennesseeSupremeCourtrulingsregardingtheinterpretationofTCA386103(a);Statev.Sensing,(1992)andState t v.Bobo,(1995),yourofficerequestedameetingwiththeTBItodiscuss ` theissueofcertificationofbreathalcoholtestinginstrumentscurrentlyutilizedinShelbyCountybytheMetroDUIUnit.AtthatmeetingheldApril19,1996,Mr.DonStrawtherandOfficerRichardMillswereinformedthatinorderforTBItocertifyyourinstrument,itwouldhaveto  `  undergoanevaluationprocessbyTBIForensicServicesDivisionaseveryinstrumentcertifiedbytheTBIhasdone.OnMay31,1996,yourofficedeliveredtoTBIForensicServicesDivisionaSiemensAlcomatBreathAlcoholTestingInstrumentforscientificappraisal. ` `  8 ` MinimumStandard#6ofTBIsMinimumStandardsfortheScientificappraisalofthecapabilitiesofBreathAlcoholInstrumentstates:Substanceswhichareproducedendogenouslyandappearinthebreathshallnotcontributetotheapparentbloodalcoholconcentration(acetoneandketones,etc.).TheAlcomatinstrumentwouldnotdiscriminateaninterferingsubstance(acetone)fromethylalcohol. ` `  8 ` BasedupontheTBIForensicServiceDivisionMinimumStandardsfortheScientificAppraisaloftheCapabilitiesofBreathAlcoholInstrumentsdatedJune1,1996,theSiemensAlcomatBreathAlcoholInstrumentcannotbeapprovedandcertifiedbytheTBI.AttachedisacopyofamemorandumfromForensicScientistSupervisorWilliamHeaney,BreathAlcoholUnit,outliningthebasisforthedecision. ! #%C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !   d($$   1  ''' dxdP Pd""""'dxd !  IIXyXXX  TR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7F*XXdd7UIr(<,(j 8` `@E` ttx$ rIII񛛛UUt(>.*jx` `@E` ttx$ tߛU@  INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @(ATJACKSON@"SEPTEMBER1998SESSIONSTATEOFTENNESSEE, @-)  ` @-) p NO.02C019711CR00444   L   ` Appellee,@-)  8  @-) p SHELBYCOUNTY     VS. @-)   @-) p HON.L.T.LAFFERTY,   RONNIEL.GRAHAM, @-) p JUDGE    @-) ` Appellant.@-) p (DUI) d (  @(#(#( FORTHEAPPELLANT: L TERRYD.SMART 371CarrollAvenue  Memphis,TN38105   FORTHEAPPELLEE: L JOHNKNOXWALKUP  $ AttorneyGeneralandReporter PETERM.COUGHLAN   AssistantAttorneyGeneralCordellHullBuilding,2ndFloor425FifthAvenueNorthNashville,TN372430493 WILLIAML.GIBBONS   F# DistrictAttorneyGeneral J.ROBERTCARTER,JR.  #& AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneralCriminalJusticeComplex201PoplarAvenue,Suite301Memphis,TN381031947 L'"* (  @( OPINIONFILED:򀀀 |.)0 REVERSEDANDREMANDEDJOEG.RILEY,JUDGE  629 7fMXXdXXd7@qq*OPINION    ` DefendantwasconvictedbyaShelbyCountyjuryofdrivingundertheinfluenceofanintoxicantinviolationofTenn.CodeAnn.5510401.Thetrialcourtfinedhim$600andsentencedhimtoserve45days,allbut48hourssuspended,followedby11monthsand29daysonprobation.IncrossappealsthedefendantchallengestheadmissibilityofbreathalcoholtestresultsfromaSiemensAlcomatdevice;thestatechallengesthesentenceimposed.Thiscourtconcludesthatthetestresultswereerroneouslyadmittedandthatthesentenceimposedwasimproper.Thus,we REVERSEANDREMAND withtheadmonitionthatshould 8 defendantbefoundguiltyuponretrial,thepropersentenceis11monthsand29dayswithanappropriateportionofthatsentencesuspendedandthebalanceonprobation.@+ FACTS     `  ` DefendantwasarrestedfordrivingamotorvehiclewhileundertheinfluenceofanintoxicantonJune27,1996,inShelbyCounty.HewasgivenabreathalcoholtestbyOfficerHaroldStabeoftheMetroDUIUnitusingaSiemensAlcomatBreathTestingInstrument.Defendantregistered0.14%BAC. ` ThetrialcourtdenieddefendantspretrialmotiontoallowintoevidencealetterfromtheAssistantDirectoroftheTennesseeBureauofInvestigationtoShelbyCountySheriffA.C.GillessdenyingapprovalandcertificationoftheSiemensAlcomatBreathTestingInstrument.  %  1      כ /D+0  ` Attrial,OfficerStabetestifiedabouthistrainingtobecomeamemberoftheMetroDUIUnit,hisexperienceadministeringbreathalcoholtestsandhisexperiencetestifyingincourtastotheirresults.HefurthertestifiedthatheunderwentalltrainingontheAlcomat;thatmaintenanceofthemachineswasanotherofficersresponsibility;andhedescribedtheAlcomatsselftestingcapabilitywhichpreventstheacceptanceofabreathsampleifthemachineisnotfunctioningproperly.Overdefendantsobjection,histestresultwasadmittedintoevidencebaseduponOfficerStabestestimony.@   ADMISSIBILITYOFBREATHTESTRESULT  p  ` Defendantchargesmultipleerrorsonthepartofthetrialcourt.However,hisargumentbasicallychallengestheadmissibilityofthebreathtestresultwhereneithertherequirementsofStatev.Sensing,843S.W.2d412(Tenn.1992)nor @ Tenn.R.Evid.702and703weremet.P  %  2      כ    ` Inresponse,thestatearguesthatShelbyCountyisnotrequiredtocomplywithSensingandessentiallyconcedesnoncompliancewiththeTennesseeRules  ofEvidencestandardsforexpertwitnesses.ThestateasksthiscourttorecognizethereliabilityofbreathalcoholtestingdevicesingeneralandtocreatearelaxedstandardofadmissibilityfortheAlcomatasdidSensingfortheIntoximeter3000. 0  This,itclaims,will givemeaningandpurposetotheseparatetraininggiventoDavidsonandShelbyCountyofficers...andputShelbyandDavidsonCountiesonequalfootingwithotherTennesseecounties. ` Inlightofcontrollingcaselaw,wedeclinethestatesinvitation.See  generally,Statev.Bobo,909S.W.2d788(Tenn.1995)(interpretingtheSensing  standardsasthresholdprerequisitestoadmissibilityoftestresultsasopposedtofactorsindeterminingtheweightofevidence),andStatev.Deloit,964S.W.2d909 P (Tenn.Crim.App.1997)(requiringthestatetoestablishaproperfoundationforadmissibilityunderTenn.R.Evid.702and703intheeventtheSensing ` requirementsarenotmet). ` Sensingestablishedthenowfamiliarthresholdprerequisitesforadmissibility   ofbreathalcoholtestingdeviceresultswithoutthebenefitofexperttestimony.Forthetestresultstobeadmissible,atestingofficermusttestify(1)thetestswereperformedinaccordancewithTBIstandardsandoperatingprocedure;(2)heorshewasproperlycertifiedinaccordancewiththosestandards;(3)theinstrumentusedwascertifiedbytheTBI,testedregularlyforaccuracyandworkingproperlywhenthetestwasperformed;(4)themotoristwasobservedfor20minutespriortothetest,andduringthisperiod,didnothaveforeignmatterinhismouth,consumeanyalcohol,smoke,orregurgitate;(5)heorshefollowedprescribedoperationalϜprocedure;and(6)identifytheprintoutrecordastheresultofthetestgiventothe 1-0 persontested.Sensing,843S.W.2dat416.   ` WhilenotingthefactthatShelbyandDavidsonCountiesdonotsubscribetotheTBIprogram,theSensingcourtdidnotendeavortoestablishthestandards p neededtocreateapresumptionofadmissibilityinthosecounties.However,theTennesseeSupremeCourtinBobo,acaseoutofShelbyCountyconcerningthe 0  Alcomat,heldthat [t]heprerequisitestoadmissibilityinSensingarejustthat: `  prerequisitestoadmissibility.Theyarenotfactorsfordeterminingtheweightoftheevidence.Bobo,909S.W.2dat790.IntimatingthattheSensingrequirements   werenecessaryfortheadmissibilityofbreathalcoholtestresultsunderanyandallcircumstances,thecourtreferredtotheprerequisitesas unambiguousthresholdadmissibilityrequirements.Id.at789. p  ` ApanelofthiscourtrecentlyinterpretedtheBobolanguagetomeanthatthe P statemustcomplywiththesixSensingprerequisiteswhenit seekstoadmitthetest 0 resultsthroughthetestimonyof[a]nonexperttestingofficer.HH񛀀DDCB BCGE EGDDDeloit,964S.W.2d ` at914.However,this wouldnotpreventthestatefromestablishingthemorestringentfoundationforadmissionoftestresultsassetoutinTenn.R.Evid.702and703.Id.Thecourtconcludedthatthestatehastheoptiontoproceedunder "  eitherSensingorTenn.R.Evid.702and703.Id. $" Ѐ ` Thesedecisionsaredispositiveontheissue.Therearetwowaystoprocure p&!$ theadmissionofbreathalcoholtestresultsintoevidence:FF(1)provethattheSensingrequirementsaremet;or(2)layaproperfoundationforadmissionby 0*%( meetingtherequirementsofRules702and703relatingtoexperttestimony. ` Inthisinstance,thestatemetneitherstandard.Hence,thetestresultwasadmittederroneously.̜????? 0948 ?@LL" HARMLESSERRORANALYSIS    ` Athoroughreviewoftheremainingevidencedoesnotconvinceusthattheadmissionofthetestresultwasharmless.Otherthanthebreathalcoholtestresult,therewastestimonyfromthetwoofficerswhomadetheinitialstop,LawrenceEvansandMichaelMcCollum.Evanstestifiedthat,atapproximately11:45p.m.,heandhispartnerobserveddefendantscarswervingfromsidetosideinitslane.Itthenstraddledtwolanesforashortdistancebeforetheypulleddefendantover. ` Astheyapproachedthecar,defendantgotout.Hewasunsteadyonhisfeet,hadbloodshoteyes,andastrongodorofanintoxicantabouthisbody.Defendantadmittedhavingtwodrinksatanearbybarandagreedtosubmittoafieldsobrietytest. ` EvansadministeredseveralfieldsobrietytestsbutonlyrecalleddetailsabouttheHorizontalGazeNystagmus(HGN).   %  3      כHowever,inEvansopinion,defendantdid ` poorlyenoughonalltheteststowarrantcallingaMetroDUIUnittothesceneforamorethoroughevaluationofdefendantscondition. ` McCollumtestifieddefendanthadastrongodorofalcoholabouthim,andhisspeechseemedslurred.IncombinationwiththefieldsobrietytestsconductedbyEvans,McCollumagreedthataMetroDUIUnitshouldbecalledtothescene. ` WhenOfficerHaroldStabearrived,EvansandMcCollumturneddefendantovertohim.OfficerStabesinteractionwithdefendantwasvideotaped.Thetapewasintroducedintoevidenceattrialandispartoftherecord.Itshowsdefendantcompletinganotherseriesoffieldsobrietytests;somesuccessfully,butnotothers. ` Baseduponthisevidence,weareunabletoconcludethattheadmissionofthebreathalcoholtestresultwasharmlesserror.WhetherdefendantwasinviolationofT.C.A.5510401isanissueforajurytodeterminewithproperevidence. p504 М@@= p504  p504 =@( SENTENCING    ` Asaresultofdefendantsconvictionfordrivingundertheinfluence,thetrialcourtorderedhimtopaya$600fineandsentencedhimto45daysofincarceration,allbut48hourssuspended,followedby11monthsand29daysofprobation. ` Thestatutesineffectatthetimeofthisoffenseestablished11monthsand29daysasthemaximumsentenceallowedforanyoneconvictedofDUI.Tenn.CodeAnn.5510403(a)(1).Subsection(c)providesthatDUIoffendersbe requiredtoservethedifferencebetweenthetimeactuallyservedandthemaximumsentenceonprobation. ` ApanelofthiscourtinStatev.Combs,945S.W.2d770(Tenn.Crim.App. p 1996),concludedthat5510403(c) ineffect,mandatesamaximumsentencefor P DUI,withtheonlyfunctionofthetrialcourtbeingtodeterminewhatperiodabovetheminimumperiodofincarcerationestablishedbystatute,ifany,istobesuspended.Combs,945S.W.2dat774(emphasisadded).Anotherpanelofthis @ court,citingCombs,reachedasimlarresult.Statev.DavidMoss,C.C.A.No.   02C019610CC00365,LauderdaleCounty0011(Tenn.Crim.App.filedNovember18,1997,atJackson). ` 2Inthiscase,ifdefendantviolatesprobation,themaximumtimeofincarcerationwouldbe45days.Furthermore,ifdefendantserved45daysandagainviolatedprobation,additionalincarcerationwouldnotbepossible.ThisisnotconsistentwiththeintentandpurposesoftheDUIstatutes. 2We3areinaccordwiththesepanelsandc34c4oncludethatthesentenceimposedinthiscasewasimproper.TrialcourtsmustsentencedefendantsfoundguiltyofmisdemeanorDUIto11monthsand29days.555 5  %  4      ׀Discretionmaythenbeusedtosuspendwhatevernonmandatory 0*%( timeisappropriate.Thebalanceshallbeservedonprobation.A p504 A@xx( CONCLUSION    ` Basedupontheforegoing,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisreversedandthismatterremandedforanewtrial.>>/(#____________________________ `     h      p JOEG.RILEY,JUDGE   ̛ CONCUR: 0  ____________________________  0 PAULG.SUMMERS,JUDGE ____________________________  % # DAVIDH.WELLES,JUDGE  p&!$ 9