ÿWPC 3UNÚ %( 0(.w@V4–ª 0†¹ 0D? 0@ƒ 0Jà  0T 0^i 0hÇ 0r/ 0|¡ 0† 0£ 1u3 0d¨ AQ Æ] 0D# Bg 0D„ D/È B÷ D3 U>G U*… B)¯ DCØ AM h _m èÌv~´vÓ2(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ 01E2345U6<e7D8Ó€Dn~<$3|xD(6(2Ä:$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ ! #%Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý d($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd""""'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d++++7Border 1dd ,Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ûÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ!"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€*ÔÔ€*ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€*XÔÌÌò òAugust€20,€1998ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€*ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó UÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€Dr.€Jerry€Francisco,€the€Shelby€County€Medical€Examiner,€described€aÏpulmonary€embolus€as€a€blood€clot€which€travels€to€the€lungs€and€shuts€off€the€blood€flow.Ì ÞÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€As€a€result€of€the€1995€amendment€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202,€ð ðdeliberateððÏis€no€longer€a€required€element€of€first€degree€murder.€€òòSeeóó€1995€Public€Acts,€Chapter€460.€ÏSince€the€instant€offense€was€committed€after€July€1,€1995,€ð ðdeliberateðð€was€not€a€requiredÏelement€of€first€degree€murder.ÌÌà àNevertheless,€the€indictment€included€the€word€ð ðdeliberately,ðð€and€the€trial€courtÏcharged€the€jury€that€this€was€an€element€of€the€offense.€€Regardless,€the€proof€establishedÏthis€element€just€as€it€did€premeditation.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  inion Geneva ÒÒ  inion Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÙ€ ÙÓ  ÓÔ€*ÔÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›œßR€-.,A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌÌà@ àJULY€1998€SESSIONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òNO.€02C01„9712„CR„00466ó óÌà àAppellee,à@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òSHELBY€COUNTYó óÌò òVS.ó óà@ à)Ìà@ à)à àò òHON.€ARTHUR€T.€BENNETT,ÌJOSEPH€L.€GRANDERSON,ó óà@ à)à àò òJUDGEó óÌà@ à)Ìà àAppellant.à@ à)à à(First€Degree€Murder)ÌÌÌÌÒ†„èyÒò òòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:ÌÌA.C.€WHARTON,€JR.ó óÌShelby€County€Public€DefenderÌÌò òBETTY€J.€THOMAS€(At€Trial)ÌW.€MARK€WARD€(On€Appeal)ó óÌAssistant€Public€DefendersÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€201ÌMemphis,€TN€€38103„1947Éò òòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÌAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌÌò òELIZABETH€T.€RYANó óÌAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌCordell€Hull€Building,€2nd€FloorÌ425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌò òWILLIAM€L.€GIBBONSó óÌDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌò òLEE€V.€COFFEEó óÌAssistant€District€AttorneyÏGeneralÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€301ÌMemphis,€TN€€38103„1947ÉÒÒÌÌÌÌÌÌò òOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,ÌJUDGEÇÓÓó óÑ7€ÖXXdìXXdì7Ñà@ àò òòòOPINIONó óóóÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Joseph€L.€Granderson,€was€convicted€by€a€ShelbyÏCounty€jury€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder€and€was€sentenced€to€lifeÏimprisonment.€€On€appeal,€he€asserts€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€sustainÏhis€conviction€because€(1)€the€state€failed€to€prove€premeditation€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt;€and€(2)€the€jury€wrongly€rejected€his€claim€of€self„defense.€ÏAfter€a€thorough€review€of€the€record€before€this€Court,€we€find€that€the€evidenceÏis€sufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€finding€of€guilt.€€Therefore,€the€judgment€of€theÏtrial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌà@ àò òòòFACTSó óóóÌÌà àAt€approximately€11:30€p.m.€on€November€10,€1995,€Michael€Pipkin€(theÏvictim)€and€Michael€Peete€went€to€L.D.ððs€Lounge,€a€late„night€club€in€Memphis.€ÏApproximately€thirty€(30)€minutes€after€their€arrival,€Pipkin€and€Peete€saw€theÏdefendant.€€The€defendant€was€the€father€of€Pipkinððs€step„children€and€wasÏintroduced€to€Peete€by€Pipkin.€€Peete€testified€at€trial€that€defendant€and€PipkinÏdid€not€argue€or€exchange€angry€words.€€He€further€stated€that€defendantððsÏspeech€was€not€slurred,€and€he€did€not€appear€to€be€intoxicated.Ìà àSubsequently,€Pipkin€and€Peete€returned€to€their€table.€€When€they€cameÏout€of€the€restroom,€defendant€was€no€longer€standing€at€the€bar.€ÏApproximately€one€(1)€hour€later,€Peete€saw€defendant€standing€at€the€frontÍdoor€of€the€lounge€shooting€at€œPipkin.›€€Peete€ducked€out€of€the€way€and€heardÏPipkin€shout,€ð ðIððm€hit!ðð€€Pipkin€received€gunshot€wounds€to€his€right€arm,Ïabdomen€and€pelvis.€€He€died€on€November€17,€caused€by€a€pulmonaryÏembolus× ƒ/ ××  ×€due€to€gunshot€wounds€to€the€abdomen€and€pelvis.Ìà àPeete€testified€that€Pipkin€and€defendant€did€not€fight€or€argue€that€night,Ïnor€did€the€victim€ever€threaten€the€defendant.€€He€also€stated€that€Pipkin€wasÏnot€carrying€a€weapon€at€the€time€he€was€shot.Ìà àTony€Coleman,€a€part„time€employee€at€L.D.ððs,€testified€that€he€saw€theÏdefendant€running€out€of€the€lounge€after€the€shooting.€€He€watched€theÏdefendant€run€across€the€street,€and€defendant€did€not€appear€intoxicated€as€heÏwas€not€stumbling.€€Louis€Conley,€the€owner€of€the€establishment,€was€standingÏnext€to€defendant€during€the€shooting.€€He,€too,€did€not€see€any€indication€thatÏdefendant€was€intoxicated.Ìà àWanda€Pipkin,€the€victimððs€wife,€testified€that€she€and€defendant€wereÏromantically€involved€for€several€years€and€had€two€(2)€sons.€€Their€relationshipÏended€in€1993,€and€she€began€dating€the€victim€approximately€one€(1)€yearÏlater.€€The€defendant€was€jealous€of€her€relationship€with€the€victim€and€told€herÏthat€he€did€not€want€her€to€ð ðmess€with€anyone€else.ðð€€In€late€summer€1995,Ïdefendant€and€the€victim€were€involved€in€several€altercations€as€a€result€of€thisÏjealousy.€€During€this€time,€Mrs.€Pipkin€was€pregnant,€and€defendant€threatenedÏto€kill€her€unborn€child€because€he€did€not€want€her€to€have€children€ð ðby€nobodyÍ[sic]€else€but€him.ðð€€Defendant€also€made€threats€to€kill€Pipkin.€€Mrs.€PipkinÏtestified€that€the€defendant€often€carried€a€weapon,€but€the€victim€did€not.Ìà àThe€defendant€telephoned€Mrs.€Pipkin€on€the€night€after€the€shooting.€ÏShe€asked€the€defendant€if€he€shot€her€husband,€which€he€denied.€€He€told€herÏthat€he€was€in€Mississippi€the€previous€night.€€Although€defendant€was€arrestedÏfor€the€offense€on€November€25,€he€continually€denied€involvement€to€Mrs.ÏPipkin€until€September€1996,€when€he€admitted€that€he€shot€the€victim€ð ðout€ofÏfear.ððÌà àDefendant€testified€on€his€own€behalf€at€trial.€€He€stated€that€he€drankÏexcessively,€suffered€memory€loss€when€he€drank€and€was€unable€to€ð ðfunctionððÏif€he€drank€in€excess.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€threatened€him€repeatedly€andÏwas€the€aggressor€in€the€various€altercations€between€the€two€men.€€He€testifiedÏthat€as€a€result€of€these€conflicts,€he€began€carrying€a€gun€out€of€fear€for€hisÏsafety.Ìà àDefendant€testified€that€on€November€10,€he€drank€an€excessive€amountÏof€various€alcoholic€beverages.€€He€arrived€at€L.D.ððs€at€approximately€11:00Ïp.m.,€and€saw€Pipkin€and€Peete€shortly€thereafter.€€Although€he€was€afraid€ofÏPipkin,€he€remained€at€the€club.€€Defendant€was€carrying€a€gun€at€the€time.€ÏWhile€he€was€sitting€at€a€table,€he€and€Pipkin€made€eye€contact.€€Pipkin€beganÏstaring€at€him,€giving€him€a€ð ðhard€look.ðð€€As€the€defendant€was€about€to€leave,ÏPipkin€ð ðreally€started€looking€at€[defendant].ðð€€Defendant€testified€that€he€feltÏthreatened€by€the€victimððs€presence€in€the€lounge.€€He€stated€that€the€victimÏmade€a€move€as€if€to€reach€for€a€weapon,€and€defendant€shot€him€ð ðout€of€fear.ðð€ÍHe€then€ran€from€the€club€and€went€to€his€sisterððs€house.Ìà àHe€further€testified€that€he€did€not€remember€shooting€Pipkin€until€afterÏPipkin€died.€€Although€he€claimed€at€trial€that€he€was€afraid€of€the€victim,Ïdefendant€acknowledged€that€the€victim€never€threatened€him€that€night,€and€heÏnever€saw€the€victim€with€a€weapon.Ìà àIn€rebuttal,€the€state€presented€the€testimony€of€the€two€(2)€homicideÏdetectives€who€questioned€defendant€concerning€this€offense.€€Both€detectivesÏtestified€that€defendant€never€mentioned€that€the€victim€appeared€to€be€reachingÏfor€a€weapon€when€defendant€shot€him.€€The€defendantððs€transcribed€statementÏcorroborates€their€testimony.Ìà àThe€jury€found€defendant€guilty€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder.€ÏDefendant€now€brings€this€appeal.ÌÌà@ àò òòòSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óóóÌÌà àIn€his€sole€issue€on€appeal,€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏconvicting€evidence.€€Specifically,€defendant€contends€that€the€state€failed€toÏprove€premeditation€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€in€light€of€the€evidence€that€heÏwas€intoxicated€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€He€also€argues€that€the€jury€wronglyÏrejected€his€claim€of€self„defense.€€Therefore,€he€alleges€that€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€him€guilty€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt.Ìà@ àò òA.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€CourtÏmust€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€during€the€trialÏwas€sufficient€"to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€ofÏguilt€predicated€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence€or€a€combinationÏof€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,19€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1996).Ì€à àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€does€notÏreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ï(Tenn.€1978).€€Nor€may€this€Court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€byÏthe€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,Ï305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€Court€is€required€toÏafford€the€state€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€theÏrecord€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawnÏfrom€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Tuttleóó,€914€S.W.2d€926,€932€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1995).Ìà àBecause€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€andÏreplaces€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€CourtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€byÏthe€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòState€v.ÏGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).Ìà@ àò òB.€€Premeditationó óÌà àThe€law€is€well„established€in€Tennessee€that€all€homicides€areÍpresumed€to€be€murder€in€the€second€degree.€€òòState€v.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144,Ï147€(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€543€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€stateÏbears€the€burden€to€prove€premeditation€in€order€to€elevate€the€offense€toÏmurder€in€the€first€degree.€€òòId.óóÌà àAt€the€time€the€offense€was€committed,€first€degree€murder€was€definedÏas€the€ð ðpremeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1)€(Supp.€1995).× ƒ0 ××  ×€€A€premeditated€act€is€one€ð ðdone€after€the€exerciseÏof€reflection€and€judgment.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„201(d)€(Supp.€1995).Ìà àThe€element€of€premeditation€may€be€established€by€the€circumstancesÏsurrounding€the€offense.€€òòState€v.€Bordisóó,€905€S.W.2d€214,€221€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1995);€òòState€v.€Gentryóó,€881€S.W.2d€1,€3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€Indeed,Ïin€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€òòsupraóó,€our€Supreme€Court€recognized:€ÌÓÓà8 àthere€may€be€legitimate€first„degree€murder€cases€in€which€there€isÏno€direct€evidence€of€the€perpetrator's€state€of€mind.€Since€thatÏstate€of€mind€is€crucial€to€the€establishment€of€the€elements€of€theÏoffense,€the€cases€have€long€recognized€that€the€necessaryÏelements€of€first„degree€murder€may€be€shown€by€circumstantialÏevidence.€Relevant€circumstances€recognized€by€other€courtsÏaround€the€country€have€included€the€fact€ð ðòòthat€a€deadly€weaponÏwas€used€upon€an€unarmed€victimóó;€that€the€homicidal€act€was€partÏof€a€conspiracy€to€kill€persons€of€a€particular€class;€that€the€killingÏwas€particularly€cruel;€that€weapons€with€which€to€commit€theÏhomicide€were€procured;€òòthat€the€defendant€made€declarations€ofÏhis€intent€to€kill€the€victimóó;€or€that€preparations€were€made€beforeÍthe€homicide€for€concealment€of€the€crime,€as€by€the€digging€of€aÏgrave.ððÌÌÓÓ836€S.W.2d€at€541„42€(quoting€C.€Torcia,€òòWharton's€Criminal€Lawóó€ðð€140€(14thÏed.€1979)(emphasis€added).Ìà àIn€the€present€case,€defendant€made€prior€repeated€threats€to€kill€theÏvictim.€€When€he€saw€the€victim€on€the€night€of€November€10,€defendant€had€aÏweapon€in€his€possession.€€Although€the€victim€was€unarmed€and€had€notÏthreatened€the€defendant€that€night,€defendant€shot€the€victim€withoutÏprovocation.€€The€evidence€was€sufficient€for€a€jury€to€find€that€defendant€killedÏthe€victim€with€premeditation.Ìà@ àò òC.€€Intoxicationó óÌà àWe€are€unpersuaded€by€defendantððs€argument€that€his€intoxicationÏprevented€him€from€possessing€the€requisite€culpable€mental€state.€€VoluntaryÏintoxication€is€not€a€defense€to€a€prosecution,€but€evidence€of€intoxication€isÏadmissible€ð ðif€it€is€relevant€to€negate€a€culpable€mental€state.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„11„503(a);€òòState€v.€Williamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€69,€79€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1995).€€Whether€a€defendant€is€too€intoxicated€to€form€the€requisite€mental€stateÏis€a€question€for€the€jury€to€determine€as€the€sole€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Howardóó,Ï926€S.W.2d€579,€584€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Brooksóó,€909€S.W.2dÏ854,€859€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ìà àDefendant€testified€that€he€drank€an€excessive€amount€of€alcoholicÏbeverages€on€the€night€of€the€incident.€€However,€he€also€stated€that€when€heÏdrank€heavily,€he€could€not€ð ðfunction.ðð€€Coleman,€Conley€and€Peete€all€testifiedÍthat€they€saw€no€indication€that€defendant€was€intoxicated.€€Defendantððs€speechÏwas€not€slurred,€his€eyes€were€not€red,€and€he€was€not€stumbling€as€he€ran€fromÏthe€lounge.€€The€jury€was€properly€charged€as€to€intoxication.€€The€jury€was€wellÏwithin€their€prerogative€in€finding€that€the€defendantððs€ð ðintoxicationðð€did€notÏnegate€his€culpable€mental€state.€€òòState€v.€Howardóó,€926€S.W.2d€at€584.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà@ àò òD.€€Self„Defenseó óÌà àDefendant€also€argues€that€the€jury€unreasonably€rejected€his€claim€ofÏself„defense.€€He€claims€that€he€was€fearful€of€the€victim.€€When€he€saw€theÏvictim€on€November€10,€defendant€stated€he€felt€threatened€by€PipkinððsÏpresence€at€the€lounge€because€the€victim€was€giving€him€a€ð ðhard€look.ðð€€HeÏcontends€that€when€he€began€to€leave€the€club,€the€victim€made€a€move€as€if€toÏreach€for€a€weapon,€and€defendant€shot€him€ð ðout€of€fear.ðð€€The€stateððs€proofÏcontradicted€this€contention.€€Furthermore,€there€was€testimony€that€defendantÏhad€previously€threatened€to€kill€the€victim.€€Defendant€acknowledged€that€heÏnever€saw€the€victim€with€a€weapon,€and€the€victim€did€not€threaten€him€on€theÏnight€of€the€incident.Ìà àWhether€the€defendant€acted€in€self„defense€is€a€factual€determination€toÏbe€made€by€the€jury.€€òòState€v.€Goodeóó,€956€S.W.2d€521,€527€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1997);€òòState€v.€Ivyóó,€868€S.W.2d€724,€727€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€jury€wasÏproperly€charged€as€to€self„defense.€€The€jury€could€have€reasonably€concludedÏthat€the€defendant€was€not€justified€in€shooting€the€victim€in€self„defense.€€ThisÏCourt€is€not€at€liberty€to€disturb€the€juryððs€finding€in€light€of€the€evidence.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àò òòòCONCLUSIONó óóóÌÌà àThe€evidence€was€sufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€thatÏdefendant€was€guilty€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt.€€Accordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóò òÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌROBERT€W.€WEDEMEYER,€SPECIAL€JUDGEó ó