ÿWPC íÇ8=Û#€#­}:4\×"±ñOfçSÿŽA-8Õê]ŠLH­lGÕ*Õ&,[c¼Õl÷CR÷½ÛK „é=Á¯2æCêN¢xïÝ!}{d :wE nøD‘ Ó׆ú, ¥Dj9!žhȽX@ 7jˆYKÛôÊø^ìER+»A¦'oõý'®Óª d¿>’|7agÇ)p ;¢u›/I‚©ÿá ]³/tª”ÔEõEÞ­Ãp¹oÙ{I奌q4Í)æõ#^%ÔœÃmÒФç"a?.iF7Ó%Á²Œ›Òšt¸Š¾©©‰®2§C é#º]õ?Ÿëã~9žŒÛ¦{îGÆîÌh€ßmbiÙçø(¿ÔxBªÍzîužñSK²óÄâÏA2„й js¨›!ð‚…DÅ.¸F+€ë‚?eU ÄÈ}£[O7mÞSCªUÁ„±?Ij×¥¥×ƒvÓúzlj»Ã„à¸C»`JæX­ r(ÿ·NÂY5ö1N¸Œ¹¥\ æUGþàä¹&Àca¦ó9X“2.fâÀz)>Dµ¿µOiÞ×6àb59#ä?W Þ6±F®/Foì™éFšb %\U@b 0Ÿ¢UNAX&ç ^ z Ò“ we 4i } Œ ÆŽ ÆTÆÆà m¦N½#Á¿¿E€€€€€ 0D‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚bÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆ 0ÎÎÎÎ BÐÐ 0»í D3¨ D-Û 0K ASSƦ 0»l 0D' A«k»(ƒð Z‹(Times New Roman (wĶ$¡¡Ñ8€UiXXdì»»d8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€..ÑÑ ýý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular NÝ ƒR•$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€Xc<X»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€ôj4òXXc<ÔIn€addition€to€the€felony€convictions€used€to€classify€the€Defendant€as€a€persistent€offender,€the€DefendantÐ ° Ðhad€numerous€misdemeanor€convictions. Ý ƒR•$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€Xc<X»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€ôj4òXXc<ÔThe€presentence€report€reflects€that€the€Defendant's€community€corrections€sentence€for€larceny€was€revokedÐ ° Ðdue€to€new€criminal€activity,€and€the€Defendant€was€paroled€three€times€while€serving€a€seven„year€sentence€for€the€saleÐ n¾ Ðof€cocaine€and€sale€of€marijuana,€only€to€have€his€parole€revoked€each€time€within€a€matter€of€months.€M•ü(  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÖJ~'x>¤k2|¨3|x Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(“G2•$¤¤Ý ƒĶ!ÝÑ8€c<XXdæd8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€Xc<X»»Ô d(“3ÇÉ$££Ý ƒĶ!ÝÑ8€c<XXdæd8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(“3ÇÉ$¢¢Ý ƒĶ!ÝÑ8€c<XXdæd8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒĶ!ÝÑ8€c<XXdædÈ8ÑÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ€¼€»»»Ôà@HHìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@§§$ìàAT€NASHVILLEˆÐ ¾ ÐÓ  ÓJune€2000€SessionÐ Ì ÐÓJÓÔ‡Xc<X»¼€ÔÌò òÔ#†¼€»XXc<Œ#ÔÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€JOHN€WAYNE€GRAYÔ‡Xc<X»¼€Ôó óÐ À ÐÓÒÓÌà@M M ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Franklin€CountyˆÐ ´  Ðà@  ìàNo.€12,175€€€€€€Buddy€D.€Perry,€JudgeˆÐ š ê ÐÌÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<K` A߈Ð Lœ  ÐÌà@- - ìàNo.€M1999„01615„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€July€28,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ԈРA‘  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE< ` AßÐ  ]  Ðó óÌThe€Defendant,€John€Wayne€Gray,€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€conviction€of€the€sale€of€a€scheduleÐ R  ÐII€controlled€substance.€€On€appeal,€he€argues€(1)€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€grant€hisÐ è8 Ðmotion€for€acquittal€or€directed€verdict€because€the€State€failed€to€establish€circumstances€and€factsÐ Î Ðthat€would€provide€for€a€reasonable€assurance€of€the€identity€of€the€evidence€and€because€the€StateÐ ´ Ðfailed€to€establish€an€unbroken€chain€of€custody;€(2)€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€as€a€matterÐ šê Ðof€law€to€support€the€jury€verdict;€and€(3)€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€the€Defendant€to€aÐ €Ð Ðmid„range€sentence€as€a€Range€III€offender.€€We€find€no€error.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgmentÐ f¶ Ðof€the€trial€court.Ð Lœ ÐÌò òÓ  ÓTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmed.ó óÐ h ÐÓ¯ÓÌòòDavid€H.€Welles,€J.Ô#†¼€»àXc<#ÔÔ‡Xc<X.¼€Ôóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smith,€J.,óó€and€òòJohnÐ ä4 ÐEverett€Williams,€J.óó,€joined.Ð Ê ÐÌFrancis€Ô_ÔPryorÔ_Ô,€Jasper,€Tennessee,€Cynthia€Driver;€Assistant€Public€Defender,€Jasper,€Tennessee,€forÐ –æ Ðthe€appellant,€John€Wayne€Gray.Ð |Ì ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Marvin€E.€Clements,€Jr.,€Assistant€AttorneyÐ H!˜! ÐGeneral;€J.€Michael€Taylor,€District€Attorney€General;€Steven€M.€Ô_ÔBlountÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ ."~" ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð #d# ÐÌÓ  Óò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼€»XXc!% Ðday.€€The€second€purchase€was€from€the€Defendant,€John€Wayne€Gray.€€With€Captain€McConnellÐ Ô&$"& Ðdriving,€the€two€officers€drove€through€the€targeted€area.€€Investigator€Ô_ÔGlassmyerÔ_Ô€held€out€a€$20€bill,Ð º' #' Ðand€the€Defendant€started€walking€toward€their€vehicle.€€Investigator€Ô_ÔGlassmyerÔ_Ô€told€CaptainÐ  (ð#( ÐMcConnell€to€"back€up,"€which€she€did.€€The€Defendant€approached€the€vehicle€and€pulled€out€aÐ †)Ö$) Ðtube€on€a€chain€from€inside€his€shirt.€€He€dumped€the€contents€of€the€tube€into€his€hand€for€CaptainÐ l*¼%* ÐMcConnell€to€choose€what€she€wanted.€€Captain€McConnell€made€a€selection€and€handed€theÐ R+¢&+ ÐDefendant€the€money.€€She€then€started€to€unwrap€the€"rock,"€which€was€wrapped€in€plastic,€toÐ 8,ˆ', ÐÔ_Ôinspect€it.€€Investigator€Glassmyer€told€the€Defendant€that€they€wanted€to€inspect€it€because€they€hadÐ ° Ðbeen€sold€"wax"€before.€€The€Defendant€replied€that€"he€didn't€do€like€that."€€After€the€transaction,Ð –æ ÐInvestigator€Glassmyer€placed€the€"rock"€and€the€plastic€in€which€it€had€been€wrapped€into€a€plasticÐ |Ì Ð"baggy,"€and€he€then€put€a€piece€of€paper€with€the€number€"2"€on€it€in€the€bag€because€this€was€theÐ b² Ðsecond€purchase€that€day.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àAfter€making€the€third€buy€that€day,€Investigator€Glassmyer€and€Captain€McConnell€met€withÐ  d ÐSgt.€Mantooth€and€turned€over€to€Sgt.€Mantooth€the€evidence€that€they€had€collected.€€They€thenÐ ú J Ðwatched€the€videotapes€from€the€transactions.€€Sgt.€Mantooth€was€able€to€provide€a€name€to€go€withÐ à 0 Ðthe€person€who€sold€Investigator€Glassmyer€and€Captain€McConnell€the€"rock"€labeled€"2."€€TheÐ Æ   Ðofficers€discussed€that€the€Defendant€was€the€person€who€sold€the€substance€in€the€bag€with€the€pieceÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€paper€that€said€"2."€€Although€Investigator€Glassmyer€did€not€personally€know€the€Defendant,€heÐ ’â  Ðtestified€during€the€trial€that€the€Defendant€was€the€person€who€sold€him€the€"rock."€€The€videotapeÐ xÈ  Ðof€the€second€drug€purchase€was€played€for€the€jury.Ð ^®  ÐÌà  àSergeant€John€Stewart€testified€that€he€is€in€charge€of€evidence€control€for€the€WinchesterÐ *z  ÐPolice€Department.€€He€said€that€he€brought€to€court€a€brown€manila€envelope€which€contained€theÐ ` Ðplastic€package€that€had€been€sent€to€the€crime€lab€for€analysis.€€Sgt.€Stewart€testified€that€on€AprilÐ öF Ð13,€1998,€Sgt.€Mantooth€personally€gave€him€a€plastic€package€to€send€to€the€crime€lab.€€At€the€topÐ Ü, Ðof€the€analysis€request€form,€which€was€stapled€to€the€plastic€package,€Sgt.€Stewart€wrote€the€dateÐ Â Ðand€the€time€he€received€the€package.€€The€form€contained€the€case€number,€which€was€9804081403.€Ð ¨ø ÐThe€package€was€sealed€when€Sgt.€Stewart€received€it.€€He€said€that€he€will€not€accept€packages€thatÐ ŽÞ Ðare€not€already€sealed€with€evidence€tape.€€Sgt.€Stewart€locked€the€package€in€his€ð ðsecure€roomðð€untilÐ tÄ Ðthe€next€day,€when€he€shipped€it€to€the€TBI€crime€lab.€€Ð Zª ÐÌà  àSgt.€Stewart€testified€that€when€he€ships€an€item€to€the€TBI,€he€takes€the€package,€which€hasÐ &v Ðthe€TBI€request€form€stapled€to€it,€puts€it€in€a€manila€envelope,€seals€the€manila€envelope,€and€placesÐ  \ Ðit€into€a€square€cardboard€box.€€He€puts€the€packages€in€manila€envelopes€to€keep€the€cases€separateÐ òB Ðbefore€he€puts€them€in€the€box.€€He€said€that€there€may€be€two€or€three€different€packages€in€the€box,Ð Ø( Ðeach€marked€with€a€different€case€number.€€Sgt.€Stewart€then€seals€the€box€with€tape€and€takes€it€toÐ ¾ Ðthe€Herald€Chronicle,€which€is€the€local€distribution€agent€for€United€Parcel€Service€(UPS).€€TheÐ ¤ô Ðperson€at€the€Herald€Chronicle€signs€for€the€box€and€puts€a€control€number€on€it.€€Sgt.€Stewart€isÐ Š Ú Ðgiven€the€control€number,€and€the€box€is€shipped€to€the€TBI€crime€lab€by€UPS.€€This€is€the€procedureÐ p!À  ÐSgt.€Stewart€followed€when€he€shipped€case€number€9804081403€to€the€crime€lab€by€UPS€on€AprilÐ V"¦! Ð14,€1998.€€Although€Sgt.€Stewart€did€not€know€how€many€pieces€of€evidence€he€shipped€to€the€TBIÐ <#Œ" Ðin€the€same€box€on€April€14,€1998,€he€said€that€there€could€have€been€"several"€items€in€the€box.€Ð "$r# ÐThe€control€number€Sgt.€Stewart€received€for€the€box€was€1Z3197160310023765.€€On€NovemberÐ %X $ Ð4,€1998,€Sgt.€Stewart€personally€went€to€the€crime€lab€and€retrieved€the€manila€envelope€containingÐ î%>!% Ðthe€plastic€package€with€suspected€drugs€inside.€€Sgt.€Stewart€took€the€package€back€to€the€policeÐ Ô&$"& Ðdepartment€and€locked€it€in€his€secure€room€until€he€removed€it€for€court.€€He€said€that€no€one€otherÐ º' #' Ðthan€himself€had€access€to€the€package€and€that€neither€he€nor€anyone€else€had€tampered€with€theÐ  (ð#( Ðpackage.€€It€was€sealed,€just€like€it€was€when€he€retrieved€it€from€the€TBI.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àPatricia€Pickett€testified€that€she€works€for€the€Herald€Chronicle€and€that€as€part€of€her€jobÐ R+¢&+ Ðshe€receives€packages€to€be€shipped€by€UPS.€€On€April€14,€1998,€Sgt.€Stewart€brought€in€a€box€thatÐ 8,ˆ', Ðhe€wanted€shipped€to€the€TBI€crime€laboratory€in€Chattanooga,€Tennessee.€€Ms.€Pickett€received€theÐ ° Ðbox€and€assigned€it€a€tracking€number,€number€1Z3197160310023765.€€The€tracking€number€wasÐ –æ Ðplaced€on€the€box.€€The€box€weighed€six€pounds.€€She€said€that€the€tracking€number€she€assigned€theÐ |Ì Ðpackage€was€the€same€number€that€appeared€on€the€receipt€she€gave€to€Sgt.€Stewart.€€Once€sheÐ b² Ðreceived€the€package,€she€placed€it€with€the€office€supplies€near€her€in€the€office.€€She€testified€thatÐ H˜ Ð"[m]ost€likely"€no€one€other€than€herself€could€get€to€the€package€because€it€was€kept€behind€theÐ . ~ Ðcounter,€and€customers€do€not€come€behind€the€counter.€€Ms.€Pickett€received€six€packages€that€day,Ð  d Ðand€she€turned€all€six€packages€over€to€Lon€Partin,€the€UPS€employee€who€picks€up€the€packagesÐ ú J Ðfrom€her.€€Mr.€Partin€signed€for€all€six€packages,€including€the€one€received€from€Sgt.€Stewart.€€UPSÐ à 0 Ðtook€possession€of€the€package€at€3:50€p.m.€on€April€14,€1998.€€Ms.€Pickett€said€that€it€should€onlyÐ Æ   Ðtake€one€day€for€UPS€to€deliver€a€package€to€Chattanooga,€and€she€had€no€explanation€for€why€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðpackage€was€not€received€until€fourteen€days€later.€€She€testified€that€she€did€not€tamper€with€the€boxÐ ’â  Ðand€that€the€box€did€not€appear€to€have€been€tampered€with€while€it€was€with€her€behind€the€counter.Ð xÈ  ÐÌà  àMs.€Salena€Darter€testified€that€until€shortly€before€the€time€of€trial,€she€was€a€forensicÐ D”  Ðscientist€who€tested€substances€for€the€presence€of€drugs€and€who€performed€blood€alcohol€analysisÐ *z  Ðfor€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€crime€laboratory€in€Chattanooga,€Tennessee.€€She€testedÐ ` Ðthe€substance€at€issue€in€this€case.€€She€said€that€a€"Request€For€Examination"€form€had€beenÐ öF Ðsubmitted€by€the€Winchester€Police€Department,€along€with€a€substance€to€be€tested.€€The€packageÐ Ü, Ðwas€received€from€UPS€by€Raymond€Siler,€her€supervisor.€€Mr.€Siler€filled€out€the€bottom€part€ofÐ Â Ðthe€"Request€for€Examination"€form€when€the€package€arrived,€indicating€that€he€received€theÐ ¨ø Ðpackage€from€UPS€on€April€28,€1998€at€4:00€p.m.€€The€lab€assigned€the€package€the€laboratoryÐ ŽÞ Ðnumber€98301638.€€It€was€kept€in€the€evidence€vault,€which€is€locked€and€has€limited€access,€untilÐ tÄ Ðit€was€retrieved€for€testing€by€Ms.€Darter.€€At€the€time,€six€people€had€access€to€the€evidence€vault.Ð Zª ÐÌà  àMs.€Darter€testified€that€she€retrieved€the€package€from€the€evidence€vault€on€July€23,€1998Ð &v Ðand€placed€it€into€her€personal€storage€until€she€analyzed€it.€€€The€evidence€was€in€an€outer€envelope.€Ð  \ ÐMs.€Darter€testified€that€she€"assumed"€this€was€the€original€packaging€because€according€to€TBIÐ òB Ðpolicy,€TBI€employees€do€not€change€packaging€unless€it€is€absolutely€necessary,€and€if€they€do,Ð Ø( Ðthey€make€a€note€of€it€and€keep€the€original€packaging.€€She€explained,€"This€evidence€was€probablyÐ ¾ Ðbrought€in€either€in€that€envelope€or€it's€possible€that€there€was€a€box€with€several€case€[sic]€in€it€andÐ ¤ô Ðthat€one€of€those€cases€is€still€in€that€box."€€Ms.€Darter€labeled€this€outer€envelope€with€theÐ Š Ú ÐDefendant's€name,€the€laboratory€number,€how€it€was€received,€the€date€it€was€received,€and€herÐ p!À  Ðinitials.€€Inside€the€envelope€was€a€small€package,€which€she€marked€with€a€computer„generatedÐ V"¦! Ðlabel€containing€the€laboratory€number€and€her€initials.€€Ms.€Darter€performed€two€tests€on€theÐ <#Œ" Ðsubstance€in€the€inner€package,€a€presumptive€test€and€a€confirmatory€test.€€Ms.€Darter€identified€theÐ "$r# Ðsubstance€as€0.1€grams€of€cocaine€base,€which€is€commonly€referred€to€as€crack€cocaine.€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àAfter€she€finished€analyzing€the€substance,€Ms.€Darter€put€it€back€in€its€original€packagingÐ Ô&$"& Ðand€sealed€the€outer€manila€envelope€with€red€evidence€tape€that€is€tamper„proof.€€She€initialed€it,Ð º' #' Ðdated€it,€stapled€it,€and€placed€it€into€the€evidence€vault€where€it€was€stored€until€picked€up€by€Ô_ÔtheÐ  (ð#( Ðpolice€department.€€She€said€that€the€package€was€kept€in€the€vault€until€November€4,€1998,€whenÐ †)Ö$) Ðit€was€retrieved€by€John€Stewart.€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô#†¼€»XXc< #ÔÔ€Xc<X»¼€ÔÐ l*¼%* Ðâ âÐ R+¢&+ Ðà  àMs.€Darter€testified€that€the€crime€laboratory€has€a€"very€strict€set€of€procedures,"€and€thatÐ ° Ðâ âthe€employees€"follow€those€in€and€out."€€She€said€that€when€she€retrieved€the€package€from€theÐ –æ Ðvault,€there€was€no€evidence€that€it€had€been€tampered€with.€€Had€there€been€signs€that€the€packageÐ |Ì Ðhad€been€tampered€with€when€it€arrived,€there€would€have€been€a€notation€about€it€on€theÐ b² Ðexamination€form.Ð H˜ ÐÌà@vv ìàIDENTITY€OF€EVIDENCEˆÐ  d ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€first€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€grant€the€Defendant's€motionÐ à 0 Ðfor€acquittal€or€directed€verdict€because€the€State€failed€to€establish€facts€and€circumstances€thatÐ Æ   Ðwould€reasonably€assure€the€identity€of€the€evidence€or€to€establish€an€unbroken€chain€of€custody.€Ð ¬ ü  ÐAs€a€condition€precedent€to€the€introduction€of€tangible€evidence,€the€State€must€either€introduce€aÐ ’â  Ðwitness€who€is€able€to€identify€the€evidence€or€establish€an€unbroken€chain€of€custody€of€theÐ xÈ  Ðevidence.€€òòState€v.€Goodmanóó,€643€S.W.2d€375,€381€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982);€òòÔ_ÔBolenÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€544Ð ^®  ÐS.W.2d€918,€920€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976).€€The€requirement€of€proving€an€unbroken€chain€ofÐ D”  Ðcustody€before€introducing€such€evidence€is€to€demonstrate€that€there€has€been€no€tampering,€loss,Ð *z  Ðsubstitution,€or€mistake€regarding€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Bradenóó,€867€S.W.2d€750,€759€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ` ÐApp.€1993).€€However,€the€failure€to€call€all€of€the€witnesses€who€handled€the€evidence€does€notÐ öF Ðnecessarily€preclude€its€admission€into€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€758„59;€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔHollomanÔ_Ôóó,€835€S.W.2dÐ Ü, Ð42,€46„47€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992);€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€673€S.W.2d€877,€881€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð Â Ð1982).€€The€State€is€not€required€to€establish€facts€which€exclude€every€possibility€of€tampering,€butÐ ¨ø Ðthe€circumstances€established€must€reasonably€assure€the€identity€of€the€evidence€and€its€integrity.€Ð ŽÞ ÐòòState€v.€Fergusonóó,€741€S.W.2d€125,€127€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€"Whether€the€requisite€chain€ofÐ tÄ Ðpossession€has€been€sufficiently€established€to€justify€admission€of€the€exhibit€is€a€matter€committedÐ Zª Ðto€the€discretion€of€the€trial€judge€and€his€determination€will€not€be€overturned€in€the€absence€of€aÐ @ Ðclearly€mistaken€exercise€thereof."€€òòRitter€v.€Stateóó,€462€S.W.2d€247,€249€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1970).€Ð &v Ѐ€€€€€Ð  \ Ðà  àIn€making€his€determination€on€the€admissibility€of€the€cocaine,€the€trial€judge€noted€thatÐ òB Ðthere€was€no€testimony€from€the€UPS€carriers€who€handled€the€package€and€that€there€was€noÐ Ø( Ðtestimony€from€Mr.€Ô_ÔSilerÔ_Ô,€the€Ô_ÔTBIÔ_Ô€employee€who€received€the€evidence€from€UPS.€€However,€theÐ ¾ Ðjudge€also€noted€that€evidence€established€that€the€package€was€sealed€when€it€left€Winchester€andÐ ¤ô Ðthat€it€was€still€sealed€when€it€arrived€at€the€Ô_ÔTBIÔ_Ô.€€The€judge€then€stated,Ð Š Ú ЀÌà8  à[Ô_ÔT]heÔ_Ô€issue€for€me€would€be€is€the€chain€of€custody€violated€when€you€don't€have€theÐ V"¦! ÐÔ_ÔTBIÔ_Ô€agent€on€the€other€end€that€actually€receipted€the€evidence€and€the€variousÐ <#Œ" Ðcarriers€along€the€way€that€delivered€it€for€UPS€and€I'm€finding€that€Ô_ÔthatÔ_Ô's€not€voidÐ "$r# Ðin€the€chain€and€it's€integrity€is€still€maintained,€notwithstanding€the€absence€of€thoseÐ %X $ Ðwitnesses.Ðî%>!%Ð Ð  ÐÌÌà  àWe€agree€with€the€determination€of€the€trial€court.€€Investigator€Ô_ÔGlassmyerÔ_Ô€testified€that€heÐ  (ð#( Ðreceived€a€substance€from€the€Defendant€and€that€he€placed€that€substance,€along€with€the€plastic€itÐ †)Ö$) ÐÔ_Ôhad€been€wrapped€in,€inside€a€plastic€bag.€€He€placed€a€piece€of€paper€with€the€number€"2"€on€it€inÐ l*¼%* Ðthe€bag€and€gave€the€bag€to€Sgt.€Mantooth.€€Sgt.€Mantooth€initialed€and€dated€the€bag€when€heÐ R+¢&+ Ðreceived€it,€and€after€watching€the€videotape€of€the€transaction€with€Investigator€Glassmyer€andÐ 8,ˆ', ÐCaptain€McConnell,€he€wrote€the€Defendant's€name€on€the€bag€and€discarded€the€paper€with€theÐ ° Ðnumber€"2."€€Sgt.€Mantooth€stored€the€evidence€in€his€locked€filing€cabinet,€to€which€only€he€hadÐ –æ Ðthe€key.€€He€filled€out€a€lab€examination€request€form€and€stapled€it€to€the€plastic€bag.€€The€thenÐ |Ì Ðturned€the€evidence€over€to€Sgt.€Stewart,€the€evidence€custodian.€€No€one€else€had€access€to€theÐ b² Ðevidence€before€he€turned€it€over€to€Sgt.€Stewart.€€Sgt.€Stewart€testified€that€received€the€evidenceÐ H˜ Ðfrom€Sgt.€Mantooth€and€that€he€does€not€accept€evidence€that€is€not€already€sealed€with€evidenceÐ . ~ Ðtape.€€He€placed€the€evidence€in€his€ð ðsecure€room,ðð€where€only€he€had€access€to€it.€€He€removed€itÐ  d Ðthe€next€day€to€ship€it€to€the€TBI€via€UPS.€€He€testified€that€when€he€ships€items€to€the€TBI,€heÐ ú J Ðplaces€each€item€in€a€manila€envelope€and€then€places€the€envelope€in€a€cardboard€box.€€He€may€shipÐ à 0 Ðseveral€different€envelopes€with€different€case€numbers€in€the€same€box.€€He€did€not€know€howÐ Æ   Ðmany€different€envelopes€he€shipped€to€the€TBI€in€the€same€box€when€he€shipped€this€particularÐ ¬ ü  Ðevidence.€€He€did,€however,€know€when€he€shipped€this€evidence.€€He€put€it€in€a€box€and€took€theÐ ’â  Ðbox€to€the€Herald€Chronicle,€which€is€the€local€UPS€drop„off€location,€on€April€14,€1998.€€HeÐ xÈ  Ðreceived€a€tracking€number€for€the€box€and€left€it€with€Ms.€Pickett.€€Ms.€Pickett€testified€that€sheÐ ^®  Ðaccepted€the€box€from€Sgt.€Stewart,€assigned€the€tracking€number,€and€stored€the€box€near€her€untilÐ D”  Ðshe€turned€it€over€to€UPS€later€that€day.€€She€said€the€box€did€not€show€signs€of€tampering.€€Ms.Ð *z  ÐDarter€then€testified€that€the€evidence€was€received€by€the€TBI€from€UPS€by€her€supervisor,Ð ` ÐRaymond€Siler,€on€April€28,€1998.€€If€the€package€had€shown€signs€of€tampering,€they€would€haveÐ öF Ðbeen€noted.€€The€evidence€was€in€an€envelope€when€she€received€it,€not€a€box,€but€Ms.€DarterÐ Ü, Ðexplained€that€sometimes€several€envelopes€come€in€the€same€box,€and€the€box€in€which€thisÐ Â Ðevidence€arrived€could€be€with€the€evidence€in€a€different€case€which€arrived€in€the€same€box.€€TheÐ ¨ø Ðevidence€was€sealed.€€Ms.€Darter€tested€the€substance€and€found€that€it€was€cocaine€base,€or€crackÐ ŽÞ Ðcocaine.€€She€then€placed€the€evidence€back€in€its€original€packaging€and€sealed€the€outer€manilaÐ tÄ Ðenvelope€with€evidence€tape.€€She€stored€the€package€in€a€secure€location€until€it€was€received€byÐ Zª ÐSgt.€Stewart.€€Sgt.€Stewart€testified€that€he€personally€retrieved€the€package€from€the€TBI,€and€heÐ @ Ðstored€it€until€he€brought€it€to€court€for€trial.€€The€package€did€not€show€signs€of€tampering.Ð &v Ðà  àÌà  àBased€on€this€evidence,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€rulingÐ òB Ðthat€the€identity€and€integrity€of€the€evidence€had€been€sufficiently€established.€€Although€the€UPSÐ Ø( Ðemployees€who€handled€the€package€did€not€testify,€and€Raymond€Siler€who€received€the€packageÐ ¾ Ðfor€the€TBI€did€not€testify,€there€was€no€evidence€that€the€package€had€been€tampered€with€betweenÐ ¤ô Ðthe€time€it€left€Ms.€Pickett's€possession€when€she€turned€it€over€to€UPS€and€the€time€Ms.€DarterÐ Š Ú Ðretrieved€the€package€for€testing.€€The€inner€plastic€package€containing€the€evidence€to€be€tested€wasÐ p!À  Ðstill€sealed€with€evidence€tape.€€While€the€Defendant€points€out€that€it€took€two€weeks€for€UPS€toÐ V"¦! Ðdeliver€the€package€to€the€TBI€when€it€should€have€only€taken€a€day,€that€time€period€does€notÐ <#Œ" Ðestablish€that€the€package€had€been€tampered€with.€€The€fact€that€the€TBI€did€not€produce€the€boxÐ "$r# Ðin€which€the€evidence€had€been€shipped,€most€likely€with€several€other€packages€of€evidence,Ð %X $ Ðlikewise€does€not€show€that€the€evidence€had€been€tampered€with.€€Of€importance€is€the€integrity€Ô_ÔofÐ î%>!% Ðthe€actual€package€in€which€the€evidence€was€placed€and€sealed,€and€the€evidence€established€thatÐ Ô&$"& Ðthis€package€showed€no€signs€of€tampering.€€Ð º' #' ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€also€relies€on€the€unreported€case€of€òòState€v.€Charles€R.€Cain€and€Roy€HowardÐ †)Ö$) ÐRheaóó,€Nos.€956,€957,€1992€WL€3008€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Jan.€10,€1992),€for€theÐ l*¼%* Ðproposition€that€the€State€was€required€to€call€as€witnesses€the€UPS€employees€before€the€evidenceÐ R+¢&+ Ðwould€be€sufficient€to€establish€the€chain.€€That€case€does€not,€however,€require€the€testimony€of€theÐ 8,ˆ', ÐUPS€workers.€€In€òòCainóó,€this€Court€found€that€the€chain€of€custody€was€sufficiently€established€by€theÐ ° Ðtestimony€of€the€witnesses,€including€certain€UPS€employees,€even€though€the€UPS€employee€whoÐ –æ Ðresorted€the€packages€at€a€UPS€hub€before€shipping€them€to€their€final€destination€did€not€testify.€Ð |Ì ÐòòId.óó€at€*11„12.€€We€stated,€"There€is€no€evidence€or€indication€from€the€record€that€these€boxes€hadÐ b² Ðbeen€in€any€way€altered€or€tampered€with€after€leaving€El€Paso€until€they€came€into€the€possessionÐ H˜ Ðof€Officer€Boyd."€€òòId.óó€at€*12.€€Similarly,€there€is€no€evidence€in€this€record€that€the€package€had€beenÐ . ~ Ðtampered€with€since€leaving€Winchester€until€it€came€into€the€possession€of€Ms.€Darter€at€theÐ  d ÐTennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€crime€laboratory.€€Accordingly,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€didÐ ú J Ðnot€abuse€its€discretion€in€admitting€the€evidence.€€€Ð à 0 ÐÌà@ç ç ìàSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEˆÐ ¬ ü  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€next€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€Ô‡Xc<XXXc<ÔTennessee€Rule€of€AppellateÐ xÈ  ÐProcedure€13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[Ô_Ôf]indingsÔ_Ô€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€orÐ ^®  Ðjury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guiltÐ D”  Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€Evidence€is€sufficient€if,€after€reviewing€theÐ *z  Ðevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€foundÐ ` Ðthe€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,Ð öF Ð319€(1979).€€In€addition,€because€conviction€by€a€trier€of€fact€destroys€the€presumption€of€innocenceÐ Ü, Ðand€imposes€a€presumption€of€guilt,€a€convicted€criminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€thatÐ Â Ðthe€evidence€was€insufficient.€€òòÔ_ÔMcBeeÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.€1963);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòStateÐ ¨ø Ðv.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.Ð ŽÞ Ð1976),€and€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977));€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔTuggleÔ_Ôóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,Ð tÄ Ð914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòHolt€v.€Stateóó,€357€S.W.2d€57,€61€(Tenn.€1962).Ð Zª ÐÌà  àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðthe€strongestÐ &v Ðlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawnÐ  \ Ðtherefrom.ðð€€òòÔ_ÔTuggleÔ_Ôóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914€(citing€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ð òB Ð1978)).€€The€court€may€not€ð ðre„weigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below.€€òòEvansóó,€838Ð Ø( ÐS.W.2d€at€191€(citing€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€836).€€Likewise,€should€the€reviewing€court€findÐ ¾ Ðparticular€conflicts€in€the€trial€testimony,€the€court€must€resolve€them€in€favor€of€the€jury€verdict€orÐ ¤ô Ðtrial€court€judgment.€€òòÔ_ÔTuggleÔ_Ôóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.Ô#†Xc<XXXc!% Ðtransaction€was€recorded€on€videotape,€and€the€videotape€was€played€to€the€jury.€€InvestigatorÐ Ô&$"& ÐÔ_ÔGlassmyerÔ_Ô€identified€the€Defendant€as€the€person€who€sold€him€the€crack€cocaine.€€We€conclude€thatÐ º' #' Ðthe€evidence€was€clearly€sufficient€to€support€the€verdict.€€This€issue€has€no€merit.Ð  (ð#( ÐÌà@yy%ìàSENTENCINGˆà0 p àÐl*¼%*p(#p(# Ðâ âÐ R+¢&+ Ðà  àFinally,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€him€as€a€Range€IIIÐ ° Ðâ âpersistent€offender€and€in€sentencing€him€to€a€mid„range€sentence.€€Ô‡Xc<XXXc<ÔWhen€an€accused€challenges€theÐ –æ Ðlength,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€has€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€reviewÐ |Ì Ðof€the€sentence€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.Ð b² ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€theÐ H˜ Ðrecord€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÐ . ~ Ðcircumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔAshbyÔ_Ôóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ð  d ÐÌà  àWhen€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider:€(a)€the€evidence,Ð à 0 Ðif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€the€presentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ Æ   Ðsentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðcriminal€conduct€involved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÐ ’â  Ðmade€by€the€defendant€regarding€sentencing;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€of€potential€forÐ xÈ  Ðrehabilitation€or€treatment.€€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€755€S.W.2d€838,€844€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988);€Tenn.Ð ^®  ÐCode€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210.Ð D”  ÐÌà  àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€that€theÐ ` Ðcourt€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€theÐ öF Ðfactors€and€principles€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€areÐ Ü, Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€haveÐ Â Ðpreferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Ô#†Xc<XXXc<8„#ÔÐ ¨ø ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€first€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€finding€that€he€was€a€Range€IIIÐ tÄ Ðpersistent€offender.€€For€the€Defendant€to€be€sentenced€as€a€persistent€offender,€the€trial€court€wasÐ Zª Ðrequired€to€find€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€Defendant€had€five€or€more€prior€felonyÐ @ Ðconvictions.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„107(a)(1),€(c).€€Based€on€the€prior€convictions€listed€inÐ &v Ðthe€presentence€report€and€on€the€State's€notice€of€intent€to€seek€Range€III€sentencing,€the€trial€courtÐ  \ Ðfound€that€the€Defendant€was€indeed€a€persistent€offender.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€DefendantÐ òB Ðdid€not€challenge€the€validity€of€the€prior€convictions€listed€on€the€sentencing€report€or€the€use€ofÐ Ø( Ðthose€convictions€to€establish€his€sentencing€range.€€Instead,€the€Defendant€argued€that€he€should€beÐ ¾ Ðsentenced€as€a€Range€II€offender€because€the€State€originally€filed€an€intent€to€seek€Range€IIÐ ¤ô Ðsentencing.€€The€Defendant€admitted,€however,€that€the€intent€to€seek€Range€III€sentencing€wasÐ Š Ú Ðtimely€filed.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„202(a).€€He€raises€the€qualifications€of€the€Defendant€as€a€persistentÐ p!À  Ðoffender€for€the€first€time€on€appeal.€€Ô‡Xc<XXXc<ÔA€party€who€participates€in€or€invites€error€is€not€entitled€toÐ V"¦! Ðrelief.€€Failure€to€make€a€contemporaneous€objection€waives€consideration€by€this€Court€of€the€issueÐ <#Œ" Ðon€appeal.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a);€òòóó€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔKillebrewÔ_Ôóó,€760€S.W.2d€228,€235€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð "$r# Ð1988)òòóó.€€Nevertheless,€we€have€considered€the€Defendant's€argument,€and€we€conclude€that€he€wasÐ %X $ Ðproperly€sentenced€as€a€persistent€offender.Ð î%>!% ÐÌà  àThe€five€felony€convictions€used€to€categorize€the€Defendant€as€a€persistent€offender€wereÐ º' #' Ðlisted€as€follows:€€Ð  (ð#( ÐÌà8  à(1)€Case€#€7338,€E€Felony,€Theft,€Franklin€Co.€Circuit€Court,€1990.€€Ðl*¼%*Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(2)€Case€#€7565,€C€Felony,€Drugs,€Franklin€Co.€Circuit€Court,€1990.ÐR+¢&+Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(3)€Case€#€7569,€E€Felony,€Drugs,€Franklin€Co.€Circuit€Court,€1990.Ð8,ˆ',Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(4)€Case€#€8068,€D€Felony,€Drugs,€Franklin€Co.€Circuit€Court,€1992.аРР Ðà8  à(5)€Davidson€Co.€TN,€convicted€of€Burglary,€Larceny€of€an€auto€and€sentenced€to€3Ð –æ Ðyrs.€(3/24/76).€€Ð|ÌÐ Ð  ÐÌHowever,€the€presentence€report€indicates€that€the€dates€of€the€event€or€arrest€and€the€dates€ofÐ H˜ Ðconviction€were€the€same€for€both€case€number€7565€and€case€number€7569,€both€of€which€wereÐ . ~ Ðdrug€offenses.€€According€to€the€Tennessee€Code,€convictions€for€multiple€felonies€committed€asÐ  d Ðpart€of€a€single€course€of€conduct€within€twenty„four€hours€constitute€a€single€conviction€for€theÐ ú J Ðpurposes€of€determining€prior€convictions.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„107(b)(4).€€There€was€noÐ à 0 Ðevidence€offered€indicating€whether€these€convictions€were€part€of€a€single€course€of€conductÐ Æ   Ðcommitted€within€twenty„four€hours,€and€the€trial€court€made€no€findings€on€this€issue.€€Because€theÐ ¬ ü  ÐState€has€the€burden€of€proving€the€sentencing€status€of€the€Defendant,€this€Court€has€previously€heldÐ ’â  Ðthat€when€no€proof€is€offered€as€to€whether€certain€convictions€were€part€of€a€single€course€ofÐ xÈ  Ðconduct€committed€within€twenty„four€hours,€the€Defendant€is€entitled€to€the€benefit€of€the€doubt;Ð ^®  Ðaccordingly,€the€convictions€must€be€treated€as€a€single€conviction€for€the€purpose€of€determiningÐ D”  Ðprior€convictions.€€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€901€S.W.2d€393,€397€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔDelbertÔ_ÔÐ *z  ÐG.€Ô_ÔMosherÔ_Ôóó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9807„CC„00320,€1999€WL€820871,€at€*4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð ` ÐNashville,€Oct.€13,€1999).Ð öF ÐÌà  àNotwithstanding,€the€presentence€report€also€lists€a€September€6,€1989€conviction€of€petitÐ Â Ðlarceny€in€Franklin€County€Circuit€Court,€for€which€the€Defendant€was€sentenced€to€two€years.€Ð ¨ø ÐUnder€€the€conversion€statute€classifying€pre„1989€offenses,€petit€larceny€is€a€Class€E€felony.€€òòSeeóóÐ ŽÞ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„118.€€Therefore,€the€Defendant€had€the€requisite€number€of€priorÐ tÄ Ðconvictions€to€properly€classify€him€as€a€persistent€offender.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„107(a)(1).€€€€€€€€€€€€Ô#†Xc<XXXc<ø‘#Ô€€€€€Ð Zª Ðà  à€Ð @ Ðà  àThe€Defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€improperly€determined€the€length€of€hisÐ &v Ðsentence.€€He€contends€that€the€court€failed€to€apply€the€mitigating€factors€that€it€found.€€As€a€RangeÐ  \ ÐIII€persistent€offender,€the€sentence€range€for€the€Defendant€for€this€Class€C€felony€was€ten€to€fifteenÐ òB Ðyears.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„35„112(c)(3).€€The€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€C€felony€is€the€minimum€in€theÐ Ø( Ðrange€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€In€setting€theÐ ¾ Ðappropriate€sentence,€the€trial€court€is€to€start€at€the€minimum€sentence,€enhance€the€sentence€withinÐ ¤ô Ðthe€range€as€appropriate€due€to€the€presence€of€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€the€sentenceÐ Š Ú Ðas€appropriate€due€to€the€presence€of€mitigating€factors.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„35„210(e).€Ð p!À  ÐÌà  àHere,€the€trial€court€found€the€existence€of€the€following€three€enhancement€factors,€whichÐ <#Œ" Ðare€not€challenged€by€the€Defendant:€€Ð "$r# ÐÌà8  à(1)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behaviorÐ î%>!% Ðin€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€ÐÔ&$"&Ð Ð  Ðâ âà  à.€.€.€Ð º' #' Ðà8  à(8)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€theÐ ° Ðâ âconditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community;׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ЖæÐ Ð  Ðà  à.€.€.€[and]Ð |Ì Ðà8  à(21)€The€defendant,€who€was€provided€with€court„appointed€counsel,€willfully€failedÐ b² Ðto€pay€the€administrative€fee€assessed€pursuant€to€ðð€40„14„103(b)(1).ÐH˜Ð Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(8),€(21).€€The€trial€court€gave€great€weight€to€factors€(1)€and€(8),€and€it€gave€veryÐ  d Ðlittle,€if€any,€weight€to€factor€(21).€€The€trial€court€also€gave€"credence"€to€three€of€the€four€mitigatingÐ ú J Ðfactors€listed€by€the€Defendant.€€Those€mitigating€factors€were€all€non„statutory€factors€relating€toÐ à 0 Ðthe€Defendant's€attempts€to€provide€for€his€family,€the€death€of€his€baby€and€his€resultant€depression,Ð Æ   Ðand€his€low€intelligence.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€The€court€then€stated,€Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌà8  à[Ô_ÔI]tÔ_Ô's€not€a€situation€where€you€say€there's€three€here€two€here€or€three€here€three€hereÐ xÈ  Ð[and]€they're€equally€balanced.€€You've€got€to€give€some€rational€weighing€of€theÐ ^®  Ðmitigating€and€enhancing€[factors]€and€make€a€judgment€as€to€what€the€appropriateÐ D”  Ðsentence€is.€€It's€rather€clear€to€me€in€this€case€that€the€enhancing€factors€significantlyÐ *z  Ðoutweigh€the€mitigating€factors€that€are€listed.€€Ð`Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€trial€court€accordingly€set€the€sentence€at€thirteen€years,€which€was€a€sentence€in€the€middle€ofÐ Ü, Ðthe€range.€€We€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€considered€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÐ Â Ðfactors€and€then€set€a€lawful€sentence€within€the€range.€€Accordingly,€we€must€affirm€the€sentenceÐ ¨ø Ðset€by€the€trial€court.Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð Zª ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à_____________________________________Ð p!À  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE