ÿWPCÑ# …# VUNa %¯ 0(µbÝw@å4% 9 0lH 0D´ 0Jø 0TB Æ– Æ\ Æ" Æè Æ® 0^t 0hÒ: 0rB 0|´ 0†0 0¶ BF 1uc 0@Ø 0d D+| 0K§ Aò D3U>ÂU*B)*DCS AO–åóóí‚2ov~¡vÓ AOò" 0DA# D/…# B´#˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- ƦeÇÈ[ÉDÊDËÌÓÔÓ€àÚƒç"3|xâ((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô d ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ'ÈÈÈÈdxd( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó"%$ I&mage <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK 'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d22227Border 1dd"%3Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€0ÔÝ  ÝÔ€1ÔÔ€1ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€1XÔÌÌò òDecember€12,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€1ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó éÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€0ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€1ÔÔ€1ôÔ€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„213(a)(2)(1991).Ì …Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€0ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€1ÔÔ€1ôÔ€€The€legislature€has€subsequently€amended€the€vehicular€homicide€statute,€providing€that€aÏà0 àconviction€involving€intoxication€constitutes€a€Class€B€felony.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„213(b).Ì ãÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€0ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€1ÔÔ€1ôÔ€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„401(a)(2).Ì (Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€0ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€1ÔÔ€1ôÔ€€In€1995,€shortly€after€the€offense€in€question€was€committed,€the€legislature€raised€theÏoffenseà0 àof€vehicular€homicide€as€the€proximate€result€of€intoxication€from€a€Class€C€felony€to€a€Class€BÏfelony,€with€a€minimum€sentence€for€a€Range€I€offender€of€eight€(8)€years.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„13„213(b);€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts.1995,€ch.€415,€ðð€1.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò"‚ƒCþÿ<< Cÿÿ($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€0ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€0ŠÔÔ€1ÔÑ\R AØ'\ћрÑÑ7€,ßXXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òœÙ€ÙßR€453A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌOCTOBER€SESSION,€1997ÌÌÌÓ  ÓCLAUDE€KENT€GREGG,à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9705„CC„00188Ìà àà àà àà àà à)ó óÌà àAppellant,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHAMBLEN€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€JAMES€E.€BECKNERó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà àò ò)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àAppellee.à àà àà àò ò)à àó ó(Vehicular€Homicide)ò òÌó óÌÌÓ  Óò òON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌCRIMINAL€COURT€OF€HAMBLEN€COUNTYó óÌÌÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌHEISKELL€WINSTEADà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌ4325€Highway€66€South,à àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌSuite€101ÌRogersville,€TN€37857à àà àà àPETER€M.€COUGHLANÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àC.€BERKLEY€BELLÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à510€Allison€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMorristown,€TN€37814ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÇÓ  ÓÔ€1°Ôò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€1ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àThe€Defendant,€Claude€Kent€Gregg,€appeals€as€of€right€pursuant€to€RuleÏ3€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€He€was€convicted€by€aÏHamblen€County€jury€of€vehicular€homicide€by€intoxication× ƒ6 ××  ×,€a€Class€C€felony€atÏthe€time€the€offense€was€committed.× ƒ7 ××  ×€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€standardÏoffender€to€the€minimum€of€the€range€of€three€years€incarceration€to€be€served€inÏthe€Hamblen€County€Jail.€€The€Defendant€raises€two€issues€in€this€appeal:€(1)ÏThat€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€a€verdict€of€guilt€for€vehicularÏhomicide,€and€(2)€that€the€trial€judge€abused€his€discretion€by€denying€probation.€ÏWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àAt€approximately€2:40€a.m.,€Terry€Sexton,€an€officer€with€the€MorristownÏPolice€Department€was€at€the€intersection€of€Liberty€Hill€and€East€MorrisÏBoulevard€in€Morristown.€€He€observed€a€blue€Chevrolet€Camaro€pass€himÏheading€eastbound€at€approximately€48€to€50€miles€per€hour.€€Officer€SextonÏfollowed€the€Camaro,€which€increased€its€speed€to€approximately€61€miles€perÍhour.€€The€officer€stopped€the€vehicle.€€The€driver€of€the€Camaro€was€theÏDefendant,€with€whom€Officer€Sexton€was€acquainted.€€A€somewhat€heavy„set,€blonde€woman€was€seated€on€the€front€passenger€side€of€the€vehicle.€€TheÏDefendant€got€out€of€his€vehicle.€€Officer€Sexton€detected€no€odor€of€alcohol€andÏobserved€that€the€Defendant€was€steady€on€his€feet.€€Backup€officer€ChrisÏLawson€arrived€in€his€cruiser€and€watched€from€inside€the€car.€€The€DefendantÏwaved€to€him.€€As€Officer€Lawson€was€leaving,€he€saw€a€heavy„set€blondeÏwoman,€later€identified€as€Amanda€Fuell,€in€the€passenger€seat€of€the€Camaro.€€ÏAfter€talking€with€the€Defendant€for€approximately€five€minutes,€Officer€SextonÏwarned€him€about€his€speed€and€let€the€Defendant€proceed.€€€The€DefendantÏwas€driving€the€Camaro€when€he€left.ÌÌà àAbout€twenty€(20)€minutes€later,€Paul€Carr€and€his€ex„wife€were€talking€inÏhis€home€when€they€heard€a€loud€noise.€€They€ran€to€the€window€and€saw€thatÏit€was€a€car€accident€and€that€the€electrical€wires€were€down.€€Paul€Carr€calledÏ911,€got€his€flashlight€and€went€outside.€€He€saw€that€a€car€had€hit€a€powerÏpole.€€He€maneuvered€his€way€through€the€downed€power€lines€and€saw€aÏwoman€in€the€car.€€She€did€not€appear€to€be€breathing.€€€He€heard€a€noise€andÏsaw€the€Defendant€lying€on€the€driveway.€€The€Defendant€was€breathing,€but€itÏsounded€choked.€€The€female€was€lying€on€her€back€across€the€driverððs€sideÏseat.€€The€passenger€side€was€crushed€into€the€middle€of€the€car.ÌÌà àSheriffððs€Captain€Otto€Purkey€was€the€first€to€arrive€at€the€scene€of€theÏaccident€on€Highway€11„E€in€Whitesburg.€He€arrived€at€3:13€a.m.€€He€observedÏthe€Defendant€lying€in€the€driveway.€€He€also€saw€the€female€passenger€lyingÏin€the€car,€and€she€appeared€to€be€dead.€€She€was€lying€partially€on€her€backÏacross€the€console.€€Her€feet€were€under€the€passenger€dashboard.€€TheÏhatchback€and€ð ðT„topsðð€from€the€roof€were€gone.€€€Captain€Purkey€notified€theÏTennessee€Highway€Patrol€to€investigate€the€accident.€€ÌÌà àTracy€Sebastian,€a€paramedic€with€the€Morristown„Hamblen€E.M.S.,Ïarrived€on€the€scene.€€He€examined€the€Defendant,€then€examined€Ms.€FuellÏand€determined€that€she€was€dead€due€to€the€apparent€injuries€and€theÏabsence€of€life€signs.€€He€called€for€an€extrication€unit€because€it€was€apparentÏthat€it€would€be€necessary€to€remove€the€female€victim.€€He€called€for€anÏambulance€to€transport€the€Defendant€to€the€hospital.€€The€Defendant€wasÏcombative€while€Sebastian€attempted€to€intubate€and€immobilize€him.€ÏSebastian€noticed€the€smell€of€alcohol€emanating€from€the€Defendantððs€mouth.€ÏThe€Defendant€was€bleeding€and€his€blood€also€smelled€like€alcohol.€€ÌÌà àMs.€Fuell,€the€female€victim,€appeared€pulseless€and€apneic,€and€herÏcolor€was€pale,€indicating€substantial€bleeding.€€There€was€bleeding€from€theÍhead€and€arms,€as€well€as€multiple€lacerations€over€her€body.€€Sebastian€alsoÏnoted€that€the€car€was€pushed€in€on€the€right€side.€€The€victimððs€arms€and€headÏwere€hanging€out€at€the€edge€of€the€driverððs€side€door€and€her€body€was€in€frontÏof€or€underneath€the€steering€wheel.ÌÌà àRob€McFarlane€was€the€paramedic€in€charge€of€the€accident€scene.€€HeÏarranged€for€a€Lifestar€helicopter€to€transport€the€Defendant€to€Knoxville€forÏtreatment.€€McFarlane€was€informed€by€another€paramedic€that€Ms.€Fuell€wasÏdead.€€McFarlane€looked€in€the€car€only€briefly€for€some€equipment€and€glancedÏat€the€victim.€€He€assumed€she€was€the€driver€and€listed€the€Defendant€as€aÏpassenger€in€the€wreck.€€McFarlane€treated€the€Defendant.€€He€testified€that€theÏDefendant€was€unconscious,€but€became€combative€during€the€ambulanceÏride.€€Ìà àBryan€Robinson€was€one€of€the€extrication€personnel€with€the€MorristownÏRescue€Squad€which€was€called€to€the€scene.€€The€squad€was€dispatched€atÏapproximately€3:11€a.m.€and€arrived€on€the€scene€at€3:23€a.m.€€They€used€anÏð ðomni€toolðð€to€pry€the€driverððs€side€door€off.€€The€steering€wheel€appeared€to€beÏon€the€victimððs€chest.€€The€victim€appeared€to€be€of€stocky€build.€€Mr.€Robinson€Ïobserved€that€her€torso€was€lying€across€the€console€and€the€lower€part€of€herÏlegs€were€under€the€passenger€side€dashboard.€€The€team€pushed€up€theÏdashboard€to€remove€the€victim.ÌÌà àDr.€John€Theodore€Hancock€treated€the€Defendant€at€Morristown„Hamblen€Hospital€before€he€was€transported€to€Knoxville.€€A€test€revealed€thatÏthe€Defendant€had€a€€0.125%€blood€alcohol€level,€over€the€legal€limit€of€0.10%.× ƒ8 ××  ×€ÏThe€Defendant€appeared€to€have€a€closed„head€injury.€€No€pain€medicationÏwas€administered.€Another€blood€alcohol€test€conducted€at€approximately€5:25Ïa.m.€at€the€University€of€Tennessee€Hospital€in€Knoxville€showed€a€blood€levelÏof€0.11%€alcohol.€€€Dr.€Hancock€also€examined€the€victim,€Amanda€Fuell.€€SheÏappeared€to€have€crepitus,€or€air€pockets,€under€her€skin,€indicative€of€someÏtype€of€trauma.€€Her€front€tooth€was€broken€and€the€ring€finger€on€her€left€handÏwas€displaced.€€She€also€had€multiple€lacerations€on€the€left€thigh€and€calf.ÌÌà àTrooper€David€Michael€Brown€conducted€an€investigation€regarding€theÏaccident.€€He€arrived€at€the€scene€at€approximately€3:46€a.m.€€EmergencyÏpersonnel€and€Captain€Purkey€were€already€at€the€scene.€€He€determined€thatÏit€was€a€one„vehicle€accident.€€The€blue€Camaro€was€traveling€east€on€11„EÏtowards€Bulls€Gap.€€The€vehicle€left€the€roadway€and€slid€172€feet€through€aÏyard€until€it€struck€a€utility€pole€broadside€at€the€passenger€door.€€The€DefendantÏhad€been€ejected.€€The€other€occupant,€Ms.€Fuell,€was€lying€across€the€driverððsÍseat,€partially€on€her€back.€€Her€head€was€down€towards€the€rocker€panel€ofÏthe€driverððs€door,€her€hips€were€lying€across€the€console,€and€her€feet€were€inÏwhat€was€left€of€the€passenger€compartment€under€the€dashboard.€€The€carÏwas€a€1985€blue€Camaro€registered€to€the€Defendant.€€The€passenger€doorÏwas€compressed€into€the€dashboard.€€The€glass€in€the€hatchback€was€goneÏand€the€ð ðT„topsðð€were€found€some€distance€away.€€Slide€marks€were€evident€inÏthe€grass€the€night€of€the€accident,€but€were€gone€the€next€day€after€the€grassÏwas€mowed.€€€He€inventoried€the€vehicle€and€found€photographs€and€a€poolÏcue.€On€cross„examination,€Trooper€Brown€admitted€that€he€made€no€referenceÏto€the€location€of€the€victimððs€feet€in€the€report€he€had€filed.€€No€fiber€tests€wereÏconducted€on€the€car.€€Trooper€Brown€denied€that€anyone€pointed€out€theÏpresence€of€hair€on€the€passenger€door€or€the€windshield.€€He€did€not€find€anyÏjewelry€in€the€vehicle.€€No€fingerprints€tests€were€conducted.ÌÌà àThe€Defendantððs€mother,€Billie€Reedy,€testified€on€his€behalf.€€She€statedÏthat€she€pointed€out€to€Trooper€Brown€the€presence€of€hair€on€the€passengerÏdoor€that€looked€like€her€sonððs.€€She€also€testified€that€she€showed€him€longÏblonde€hair€by€the€driverððs€door.€€She€also€drove€from€the€intersection€of€HaleÏand€East€Morris€Boulevard,€where€the€Defendant€was€initially€stopped,€and€theÏlocation€of€the€wreck.€€She€estimated€the€distance€at€7.7€miles€and€that€it€tookÏten€minutes€to€get€there€when€traveling€40€to€45€miles€per€hour.ÌÌà àTrena€Jefferson,€the€Defendantððs€sister,€testified€that€she€examined€theÏvehicle€after€the€accident.€€She€found€part€of€a€clip„on€earring€on€the€driverððs€sideÏdashboard.€€She€also€found€blonde€hair€on€the€driverððs€door€and€the€steeringÏwheel.€€She€stated€that€Ms.€Fuell€did€not€have€pierced€ears€and€that€theyÏworked€together€as€hair€stylists.ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€testified€at€trial.€€He€stated€that€he€had€no€memory€of€theÏaccident.€€He€did€remember€that€he€was€in€the€Army€in€1994,€and€that€he€wentÏto€the€ð ðRod€Runðð€in€Pigeon€Forge,€Tennessee,€in€April,€1995.€€He€did€notÏremember€the€victim,€Amanda€Fuell.€€He€recalled€that€he€was€in€rehabilitation€forÏhis€arm.€€On€cross„examination,€the€Defendant€stated€that€he€started€to€regainÏhis€memory€three€days€before€he€was€scheduled€to€be€released€from€theÏhospital.€€He€did€not€recall€drinking€before€the€accident.€€The€State€introduced€aÏhospital€record€containing€statements€made€by€the€Defendant€about€his€life:Ïð ðSatisfactory€sex€life,€no€children,€live€in€a€ranch„type€home,€four€people€live€inÏthe€home.ðð€The€Defendant€did€not€recall€making€any€statements.ÌÌà àThe€State€offered€Trooper€Brown€in€rebuttal,€who€again€denied€thatÏanyone€showed€him€hair€on€the€wrecked€vehicle.€€Lisa€Harris€also€testified€thatÏMs.€Fuell€had€pierced€ears€because€she€had€pierced€the€victimððs€earsÍapproximately€two€months€before€the€accident.€€She€admitted€that€someoneÏcould€wear€another€type€of€earring€even€if€oneððs€ears€were€pierced.€€SteveÏBarnard€testified€that€he€left€a€leather€jacket€at€the€Defendantððs€house€inÏJanuary€or€February€of€1995.€€He€talked€to€the€Defendant€about€the€jacket€afterÏthe€wreck€and€the€Defendant€remembered€that€it€was€at€the€house.€€MitsyÏCrittendon€testified€for€the€Defendant€that€she€saw€Billie€Reedy€show€TrooperÏBrown€the€hair€on€the€vehicle.ÌÌà àThe€jury€found€the€Defendant€guilty€of€vehicular€homicide€while€intoxicated,Ïa€Class€C€felony.€€€He€was€sentenced€to€the€minimum€sentence€of€three€years.€ÏThe€trial€court€denied€probation€and€ordered€the€Defendant€to€serve€his€sentenceÏin€confinement.€€The€Defendant€appeals€both€his€conviction€and€sentence.ÌÌÓ  ÓI.€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceÌÓ  Óà àÌà àAs€his€first€issue,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€evidence€was€insufficientÏto€support€a€verdict€of€guilt€for€vehicular€homicide.€€When€an€accused€challengesÏthe€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€the€standard€is€whether,€afterÏreviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€anyÏrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÏa€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979).€€QuestionsÍconcerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€theÏevidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€are€resolved€byÏthe€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1987).€€Nor€may€this€court€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòStateÏv.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€ÌÌà àA€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€Stateððs€witnessesÏand€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,Ï476€(Tenn.€1973).€€On€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÏview€of€the€evidence€and€all€inferences€therefrom.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€atÏ835.€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€andÏreplaces€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€courtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€byÏthe€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòGraceóó,€493ÏS.W.2d€at€476.ÌÌà àIn€the€case€at€bar,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€wasÏinsufficient€to€prove€that€he€was€driving€the€automobile€when€the€accidentÏoccurred.€€The€elements€necessary€to€prove€vehicular€homicide€by€means€ofÏintoxication€are€that€there€was€a€ð ðreckless€killing€of€another€by€the€operation€ofÏan€automobile€.€.€.€[a]s€the€proximate€cause€of€the€driverððs€intoxication€as€setÍforth€in€ðð€55„10„401.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„213€(a)(2).€€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€section€55„10„401€states:ÌÌÒ ` ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓ(a)€It€is€unlawful€for€any€person€to€drive€or€to€be€in€physical€control€ofÏany€automobile€or€other€motor€driven€vehicle€on€any€of€the€publicÏroads€and€highways€of€the€state,€or€on€any€streets€or€alleys,€or€whileÏon€the€premises€of€any€shopping€center,€trailer€park€or€any€apartmentÏhouse€complex,€or€any€other€premises€which€is€generally€frequentedÏby€the€public€at€large,€while:ÌÌà à(1)€Under€the€influence€of€any€intoxicant,€marijuana,€narcoticÏdrug,€or€drug€producing€stimulating€effects€on€the€central€nervousÏsystem;€€orÌÌà à(2)€The€alcohol€concentration€in€such€person's€blood€or€breath€isÏten„hundredths€of€one€percent€(.10%)€or€more.ÌÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓÌThe€Defendant€notes€that€the€case€against€him€was€purely€circumstantial.€€HeÏmaintains€that€the€he€was€convicted€based€on€circumstantial€evidence€aloneÏand€that€the€State€did€not€rule€out€the€reasonable€possibility€that€Ms.€Fuell€wasÏdriving€the€Camaro.€€€A€crime€may€be€established€by€circumstantial€evidenceÏalone.€€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€896,€899„900€(Tenn.€1987).€€However,Ïbefore€an€accused€may€be€convicted€of€a€criminal€offense€based€only€uponÏcircumstantial€evidence,€the€facts€and€circumstances€ð ðmust€be€so€strong€andÏcogent€as€to€exclude€every€other€reasonable€hypothesis€save€the€guilt€of€theÏdefendant.ðð€€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€Tenn.€478,€482,€470€S.W.2d€610,€612Ï(1971).€€In€other€words,€a€ð ðweb€of€guilt€must€be€woven€around€the€defendantÍfrom€which€he€cannot€escape€and€from€which€facts€and€circumstances€the€juryÏcould€draw€no€other€reasonable€inference€save€the€guilt€of€the€defendantÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€484,€613.€€€€ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€highlights€the€fact€that€the€victim€was€trapped€in€the€carÏwith€her€chest€pressed€under€the€steering€wheel€and€that€he€was€found€outsideÏof€the€vehicle.€€He€also€contends€that€when€he€was€stopped€for€speedingÏapproximately€thirty€minutes€before€the€accident,€he€did€not€appear€intoxicated.€ÏHe€argues€that€Ms.€Fuellððs€position€in€the€car,€her€broken€tooth,€her€left€finger€outÏof€joint€and€the€lacerations€to€the€left€side€of€her€body€suggest€that€she€wasÏdriving.€€The€Defendant€highlights€the€fact€that€more€time€passed€than€thatÏneeded€to€travel€the€distance€between€where€he€was€stopped€and€where€theÏaccident€occurred€and€that€no€alcoholic€beverage€containers€were€found€in€orÏnear€the€wreck.€ÌÌà àYet,€after€a€careful€review€of€the€evidence€considered€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€State,€we€must€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€toÏconvict€the€Defendant€of€vehicular€homicide.€€The€Defendant€focuses€on€theÏway€the€victim€was€found€in€the€vehicle.€€He€suggests€that€it€indicates€that€sheÏcould€have€been€driving€the€vehicle.€€However,€neither€the€State€nor€theÏDefendant€offered€evidence€that,€in€any€way,€demonstrated€that€the€victim€wasÍmore€likely€to€have€been€driving€the€vehicle€than€that€she€was€a€passenger.€ÏThere€has€been€no€explanation€regarding€the€source€of€the€victimððs€injuries.€€NorÏdoes€the€timing€of€the€accident€lend€itself€to€any€particular€hypothesis€regardingÏwho€was€driving€or€what€occurred€in€the€interim.€€Furthermore,€the€existence€andÏlocation€of€hair€and€jewelry€in€the€vehicle€was€contested€and€clearly€resolved€byÏthe€jury€in€favor€of€the€State.€€Indeed,€the€State€presented€evidence€that€theÏvehicle€involved€in€the€accident€was€registered€to€the€Defendant€and€that€heÏwas€driving€shortly€before€the€accident.€€Although€he€did€not€appear€intoxicatedÏat€the€traffic€stop,€the€Defendantððs€blood€alcohol€was€0.125%€after€the€accidentÏand€a€paramedic€smelled€alcohol€on€his€breath.€€Furthermore,€the€witnesses€atÏthe€scene€described€the€victim€as€draped€over€the€driverððs€side,€but€her€feetÏwere€pinned€or€located€under€the€passengerððs€side€dashboard.ÌÌà àWe€recognize€that€in€cases€involving€circumstantial€evidence,€the€StateððsÏproof€€must€exclude€all€other€reasonable€hypotheses.€€Yet,€when€consideringÏthe€evidence€presented€at€trial,€it€is€apparent€that€the€jury€did€not€consider€theÏDefendantððs€theory€a€reasonable€one.€€The€location€of€the€victimððs€body€in€theÏvehicle,€without€more,€is€not€probative€of€any€theory.€€Again,€the€State€is€entitledÏto€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€òòall€inferences€therefromóó.ÏòòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€In€this€light,€there€was€sufficient€evidence€toÍsupport€the€Defendantððs€conviction.€€Therefore,€we€conclude€that€this€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌÓ  ÓII.€€Denial€of€ProbationÌÓ  Óà àÌà àIn€his€second€issue€in€this€appeal,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€trialÏjudge€abused€his€discretion€in€failing€to€grant€probation.€When€an€accusedÏchallenges€the€length,€range,€or€the€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€courtÏhas€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€with€a€presumptionÏthat€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€inÏthe€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€must€consider:Ï(a)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€theÏpresentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€toÏsentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conductÏinvolved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÏthat€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€ofÍpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô€1XÔððððÔ€1ŠÔ€40„35„102,€„103,Ïand€„210;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencingÏprocedure,€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€andÏproper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,Ïand€that€the€trial€court's€findings€of€fact€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record,Ïthen€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€have€preferred€aÏdifferent€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).ÌÌà àAlthough€probation€"must€be€automatically€considered€as€a€sentencingÏoption€for€eligible€defendants,€the€defendant€is€not€automatically€entitled€toÏprobation€as€a€matter€of€law."€€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(b)€(1990)Ï(Sentencing€Commission€Comments).€€This€Court€must€begin€its€sentencingÏdetermination€by€reviewing€the€purposes€of€sentencing€set€forth€in€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€section€40„35„102.€€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€940€S.W.2d€558,559Ï(Tenn.€1997).ÌÌà àIf€an€accused€has€been€convicted€of€a€Class€C,€D€or€E€felony€andÏsentenced€as€an€especially€mitigated€or€standard€offender,€there€is€aÏpresumption,€rebuttable€in€nature,€that€the€accused€is€a€favorable€candidate€forÍalternative€sentencing€unless€disqualified€by€some€provision€of€the€TennesseeÏCriminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989.€€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÏ40„35„102€provides€in€part:ÌÌÒ ` ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓ(5)€In€recognition€that€state€prison€capacities€and€the€funds€to€buildÏand€maintain€them€are€limited,€convicted€felons€committing€the€mostÏsevere€offenses,€possessing€criminal€histories€evincing€a€clearÏdisregard€for€the€laws€and€morals€of€society,€and€evincing€failure€ofÏpast€efforts€at€rehabilitation€shall€be€given€first€priority€regardingÏsentencing€involving€incarceration;€€andÌÌ(6)€A€defendant€who€does€not€fall€within€the€parameters€of€subdivisionÏ(5)€and€is€an€especially€mitigated€or€standard€offender€convicted€of€aÏClass€C,€D€or€E€felony€is€presumed€to€be€a€favorable€candidate€forÏalternative€sentencing€options€in€the€absence€of€evidence€to€theÏcontrary.ÌÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓÌà àThe€sentencing€process€must€necessarily€commence€with€a€determinationÏof€whether€the€accused€is€entitled€to€the€benefit€of€the€presumption.€€òòAshbyóó,€823ÏS.W.2d€at€169.€€€As€our€supreme€court€said€in€òòAshbyóó:€€"If€[the]€determination€isÏfavorable€to€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€must€presume€that€he€is€subject€toÏalternative€sentencing.€€€If€the€court€is€presented€with€evidence€sufficient€toÏovercome€the€presumption,€then€it€may€sentence€the€defendant€to€confinementÏaccording€to€the€statutory€provision[s]."€€òòId.óó€€€"Evidence€to€the€contrary"€may€beÏfound€in€applying€the€considerations€that€govern€sentences€involvingÏconfinement,€which€are€set€forth€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÏ40„35„103(1):ÌÌÒ ` ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓ(A)€Confinement€is€necessary€to€protect€society€by€restraining€aÏdefendant€who€has€a€long€history€of€criminal€conduct;ÌÌ(B)€Confinement€is€necessary€to€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€ofÏthe€offense€or€confinement€is€particularly€suited€to€provide€an€effectiveÏdeterrence€to€others€likely€to€commit€similar€offenses;€€orÌÌ(C)€Measures€less€restrictive€than€confinement€have€frequently€orÏrecently€been€applied€unsuccessfully€to€the€defendant.€€ÌÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÓÓÌòòSeeóó€òòDavisóó,€940€S.W.2d€at€561;€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€€The€presumptionÏcan€be€successfully€rebutted€by€facts€contained€in€the€presentence€report,Ïevidence€presented€by€the€state,€the€testimony€of€the€accused€or€a€defenseÏwitness,€or€any€other€source€provided€it€is€made€a€part€of€the€record.€€òòState€v.ÏBonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€167€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).ÌÌà àBeyond€this,€a€defendant€has€the€burden€of€establishing€his€or€herÏsuitability€for€total€probation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(b).€To€be€granted€Ïfull€probation,€a€defendant€must€demonstrate€that€probation€will€"subserve€theÏends€of€justice€and€the€best€interest€of€both€the€public€and€the€defendant."€ÏòòState€v.€Boggsóó,€932€S.W.2d€467,€477€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€€òòState€v.ÏBinghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€448,€456€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)(citing€€òòHooper€v.€Stateóó,Ï201€Tenn.€156,€161,€297€S.W.2d€78,€81€(1956)).€The€trial€court€must€consider€aÏsentence€which€is€the€ð ðleast€severe€measure€necessary€to€achieve€theÍpurposes€for€which€the€sentence€is€imposedðð€and€ð ð[t]he€potential€or€lack€ofÏpotential€for€the€rehabilitation€or€treatment€for€the€defendant.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„103(4),€(5).€€ÌÌÌà àIn€the€case€òòsub€judiceóó,€the€State€proposed€no€enhancement€factors,€norÏwere€any€mitigating€factors€considered.€€The€trial€judge€sentenced€the€DefendantÏto€the€three€(3)€year€minimum€in€the€range€for€a€standard€offender€for€a€Class€CÏfelony.× ƒ9 ××  ×€€The€trial€judge€properly€considered€the€Defendant€a€presumedÏcandidate€for€alternative€sentencing.€€The€State€offered€no€rebuttal€evidence.€ÏThe€Defendant€offered€witnesses€who€testified€that€he€would€be€a€suitableÏcandidate€for€full€probation.€€The€presentence€report€indicates€that€the€DefendantÏwas€twenty„five€years€old€at€the€time€of€sentencing.€€He€graduated€fromÏCherokee€High€School€in€1989,€served€in€the€Army€until€1994,€and€worked€forÏMinco€before€and€after€the€accident.€€He€had€no€criminal€record,€but€reported€aÏspeeding€ticket€in€Knoxville€in€1994.ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€considered€several€factors,€but€emphasized€that€deterrenceÏwas€an€important€reason€for€denying€probation.€€The€trial€judge€stated:Ïð ðUnfortunately,€drinking€and€driving€cases€are€now€consuming€most€of€theÏdockets€in€the€four€counties€that€I€go€to,€including€Hamblen€County.€€I€donððt€knowÏwhy,€but€already€this€month€weððve€tried€more€DUIððs€than€anything€else,€andÏthatððs€true€in€Greene€County€and€Hawkins€County€.€.€.€.ðð€€€The€trial€judge€alsoÏconsidered€the€circumstances€of€the€offense€in€denying€probation.€€Namely,€heÏmentioned€the€blood€alcohol€level€and€that€someone€was€killed€in€the€accident.€ÏHowever,€he€added€that€probation€would€not€serve€the€ends€of€justice€becauseÏof€the€need€for€general€deterrence.ÌÌà àProbation€may€be€denied€based€on€the€circumstances€of€the€offense,Ïhowever€€"as€committed,€[they]€must€be€'especially€violent,€horrifying,€shocking,Ïreprehensible,€offensive,€or€otherwise€of€an€excessive€or€exaggerated€degree,'Ïand€the€nature€of€the€offense€must€outweigh€all€factors€favoring€probation."€€€ÏòòState€v.€Travisóó,€622€S.W.2d€529,€534€(Tenn.€1981);€€òòState€v.€Cleaveróó,€691ÏS.W.2d€541,€543€(Tenn.€1985).€This€principle€has€been€codified€in€section€40„35„103(1)(B)€which€considers€confinement€to€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€ofÏthe€offense.€€òòState€v.€Hartleyóó,€818€S.W.2d€370,€375€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991);Ïòòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€787€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€ÏSentencing€decisions€should€not,€however,€turn€on€a€generalization€of€the€crimeÍcommitted,€such€as€the€fact€that€a€death€occurred.€€€€òòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910ÏS.W.2d€448,€456€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòbut€seeóó€òòState€v.€Ramseyóó,€903ÏS.W.2d€709,€714€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).ÌÌà àProbation€may€also€be€denied€based€on€whether€the€sentence€will€deterÏothers.€€The€Sentencing€Act€provides€that€"[p]unishment€shall€be€imposed€toÏprevent€crime€and€promote€respect€for€the€law€by€...€[p]roviding€a€generalÏdeterrent€to€those€likely€to€violate€the€criminal€laws€of€this€state."€€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„102(3)(A).€€Also,€our€supreme€court€has€reiterated€that€ð ðbecauseÏthere€is€a€degree€of€deterrence€uniformly€present€in€every€case,€however,€theÏsignificance€of€this€factor€ððvaries€widely€with€the€class€of€offense€and€the€facts€ofÏeach€caseðð€.€.€.€a€ððfinding€of€deterrence€cannot€be€conclusory€only€but€must€beÏsupported€by€proof.ðð€€òòDavisóó,€940€S.W.2d€at€560(citations€omitted).ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€considered€the€circumstances€of€the€offense€to€denyÏprobation.€€He€noted€the€blood€alcohol€level€and€the€fact€that€someone€wasÏkilled€as€a€result€of€the€crime.€€Although€the€accident€was€obviously€violent€andÏhorrifying,€the€fact€that€the€victim€died€is€not€a€controlling€consideration€whenÏdeath€is€an€element€of€an€offense€otherwise€eligible€for€alternative€sentencing.€€ÏòòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€448,€556€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€However,€theÏState€correctly€counters€that€the€goal€of€specific€deterrence€of€the€DefendantÍshould€be€considered.€€The€Defendant€was€pulled€over€by€an€officer€becauseÏof€his€speed€just€minutes€before€the€accident€occurred.€€Clearly,€the€warningÏwas€not€effective,€the€State€argues,€because€the€speed€he€was€travelingÏbefore€the€accident€was€sufficient€to€carry€the€vehicle€172€feet€off€the€roadwayÏand€into€a€utility€pole.€€We€agree€that€the€fact€that€the€Defendant€was€warnedÏjust€prior€to€the€accident€merits€consideration€to€deter€him€from€such€futureÏconduct.€ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€also€found€the€need€for€deterrence€of€drunken€driving€inÏHamblen€County.€€The€Defendant€argues€that€there€was€not€sufficient€proof€ofÏthe€need€for€deterrence€as€required€by€òòAshbyóó.€€However,€the€trial€courtÏspecifically€noted€that€the€court€dockets€he€worked€on€were€consumed€by€DUIÏoffenses.€€We€€conclude€that€this,€in€conjunction€with€the€circumstances€of€theÏoffense,€were€sufficient€grounds€upon€which€to€deny€probation.€€We€concludeÏthat€the€trial€judge€did€not€abuse€his€discretion€in€denying€probation€for€theÏDefendant.ÌÌà àAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÇCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE