ÿWPC  0# °UN» %  0(b7w@?4“¢ 0Jª 0Tô 0^H 0h¦ 0r 0|€ 0†ü 0‚ 1u 0d‡U>ë 0@) D3i Bœ U*¹ B)ã DC AMO 4œ v~Ð AQN ÆŸ 0De 0D© D/í BvÓ9˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- cdDefgEhiDjkÓ€wB\J#3|xw2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò""""'ÿÿdxd d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd* %Cþÿ << Gÿÿ *Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÔ€#ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌò òOctober€13,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€#ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`*+ ,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ ` ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€#ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€&'XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò ò›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE̜ـ*ÙßR€&'%A1-j|y` Å `€€@ÿRß›ÌAT€JACKSONÌÌSEPTEMBER€SESSION,€1996ÌÌÌÓ  ÓROBERT€IRWIN€GWIN,à àà à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9512„CR„00380Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìó óà àAppellant,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€JOSEPH€B.€BROWN,€JR.ó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà àà àò ò)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àAppellee.à àà àà àò ò)à à(Post„Conviction€Relief)Ìó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌD.€TYLER€KELLYà àà àà àà àCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌHardee,€Martin€&€Jaynes,€P.A.à àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ213€E.€Lafayette€StreetÌJackson,€TN€€38301à àà àà àWILLIAM€DAVID€BRIDGERSÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€H.€PIEROTTIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€CAMPBELLÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà àà àà àà àà àà à3rd€Floor,€Criminal€Justice€ComplexÌà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÇòòò òÓ  ÓÔ€#„ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€#ŠÔÌÓÓÌÓ  Óà àAppellant€Robert€Irwin€Gwin€appeals€from€the€dismissal€of€his€petition€forÏpost„conviction€relief.€€On€May€21,€1973,€Appellant€was€found€guilty€of€firstÏdegree€murder€in€the€perpetration€of€a€felony€and€was€sentenced€to€100€yearsÏimprisonment.€€This€Court€affirmed€the€conviction€in€òòGwin€v.€Stateóó,€523€S.W.2dÏ636,€639€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1975).€€In€January€1979,€former€Governor€RayÏBlanton€commuted€Appellantððs€sentence€to€time€served.€€On€April€21,€1994,€theÏTennessee€Board€of€Pardons€and€Paroles€regained€custody€of€Gwin€from€theÏGeorgia€Department€of€Correction€due€to€an€alleged€commutation€violation.€€OnÏDecember€20,€1994,€former€Governor€Ned€McWherter€revoked€the€commutationÏthereby€reinstating€the€original€100„year€sentence.€€On€November€16,€1995,ÏAppellant€filed€a€òòproóó€òòseóó€petition€for€post„conviction€relief€which€alleged€that€heÏreceived€an€unconstitutional€sentence.€€For€the€reasons€stated€below,€weÏœreverse€and€remand€the›€judgment€of€the€post„conviction€court.ÌÌà àAppellant€argues€that€he€was€sentenced€under€a€statute€which€wasÏdeclared€unconstitutional€by€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€case€of€òòState€v.ÏHaileyóó,€505€S.W.2d€712€(Tenn.€1974),€and€that€therefore€the€sentence€heÏreceived€was€null€and€void.€€The€State€claims€that€Appellantððs€petition€is€barredÏby€the€statute€of€limitations€found€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€Section€40„30„102€(1990)€(repealed).€€While€acknowledging€that€his€petition€is€well€beyond€theÏapplicable€three€year€statute€of€limitations,€Appellant€alleges€that€his€sentence€isÏvoid€and€illegal€and€may€be€challenged€any€time.ÌÌà àAn€analysis€of€Appellantððs€claims€requires€a€synopsis€of€the€history€ofÏTennessee€statutes€governing€the€punishment€for€murder.€€In€1915,€theÏTennessee€state€legislature€enacted€Chapter€181€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1915Ï(the€1915€Act)€which€abolished€the€death€penalty€in€Tennessee€and€replaced€itÏwith€a€mandatory€sentence€of€life€imprisonment.€€1915€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts,€Ch.Ï181.€€In€1919,€the€legislature€adopted€Chapter€5€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1919€(theÏ1919€Act)€which€provided€that€persons€convicted€of€murder€would€be€sentencedÏto€death,€or€if€the€jury€believed€that€there€were€mitigating€circumstances,€theyÏcould€impose€a€sentence€of€life€or€some€period€over€twenty€years.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„2406€(1955€&€1972€replacements)€(repealed).€€Appellant€wasÏsentenced€under€this€statute.€€€In€June€of€1972,€the€United€States€SupremeÏCourt€decided€òòFurman€v.€Georgiaóó,€92€S.Ct.€2726€(1972),€which€acknowledgedÏcertain€constitutional€restrictions€on€the€imposition€of€the€death€penalty€by€states.€ÏIn€1973,€the€legislature€enacted€Chapter€192€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1973€(theÏ1973€Act),€which€repealed€section€39„2406€and€replaced€it€with€a€new€sectionÏ39„2406.€€1973€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts,€Ch.€192,€ðð€2.€€Under€the€new€section€39„2406,Ïa€jury€could€sentence€a€person€convicted€of€murder€to€death,€life€imprisonment€orÍsome€period€over€twenty„five€years.€€In€February€1974,€the€TennesseeÏSupreme€Court€in€òòState€v.€Haileyóó€held€that€the€1973€Act€was€unconstitutional€asÏit€embraced€more€than€one€subject€and€was€broader€than€its€title.€€505€S.W.2dÏ712,€715€(Tenn.€1974).€€€In€response€to€the€òòHaileyóó€and€òòFurmanóó€decisions,€theÏTennessee€legislature€enacted€Chapter€462€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1974€(theÏ1974€Act)€which€provided€that€all€persons€convicted€of€first€degree€murder€wouldÏreceive€the€death€penalty.€€1974€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts,€Ch.€462.€€In€1977,€inÏresponse€to€several€U.S.€Supreme€Court€cases€interpreting€the€Fifth€andÏFourteen€Amendments€to€the€U.S.€Constitution€as€prohibiting€a€mandatory€deathÏpenalty,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€decided€òòCollins€v.€Stateóó,€550€S.W.2dÏ643€(Tenn.€1977),€which€declared€the€1974€Act€unconstitutional.€€It€also€held€thatÏthe€invalidation€of€the€1974€Act€revived€the€1919€Actððs€sentencing€provisions,Ïwith€the€exception€of€1919€Actððs€death€penalty€provision€which€the€Court€heldÏdid€not€prescribe€sufficiently€detailed€procedures€to€accomplish€ð ðcontrolledÏdiscretionðð€as€required€by€òòFurman€v.€Georgiaóó€when€a€jury€imposed€a€deathÏsentence.€€550€S.W.2d€at€646.€€In€April€1977,€Chapter€51€of€the€Public€Acts€ofÏ1977€(the€1977€Act)€was€enacted€which€again€made€the€imposition€of€the€deathÏpenalty€discretionary€with€the€jury.€€1977€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts,€Ch.€51.€€In€1979,€theÏTennessee€Supreme€Court€decided€òòMiller€v.€Stateóó,€which€held€that€lifeÏimprisonment€was€the€exclusive€punishment€for€first€degree€murder€for€aÏdefendant€convicted€of€murder€before€the€effective€date€of€the€1977€Act.€€€584ÍS.W.2d€758,€762€(Tenn.€1979).€€The€Court€noted€that€the€òòCollinsóó€decisionÏeffectively€invalidated€all€death€penalty€provisions€going€back€to€the€1915€Act,Ïwhich€had€life€imprisonment€as€the€sole€punishment€for€murder.€€It€also€held€thatÏbecause€the€1919€Act€did€not€have€a€severability€clause,€all€of€the€sentencingÏprovisions€of€the€1919€Act€were€unconstitutional,€not€just€the€death€penaltyÏprovision.€€584€S.W.2d€at€765.€€In€several€cases€this€Court€has€followed€òòMilleróóÏand€modified€sentences€to€life€imprisonment.€€For€instance,€in€òòWynn€v.€Stateóó,€weÏmodified€the€99„year€sentence€of€a€defendant€convicted€of€murder€under€theÏ1919€Act€to€life€imprisonment.€€No.€03„C„01„9212„CR„00399;€1993€WL€153198,Ïat€*1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€May€12,€1993).€€Our€decision€in€òòWynnóó€had€the€effect€ofÏreducing€the€amount€of€time€Wynn€had€to€serve€before€he€was€eligible€forÏparole.€€Apparently,€this€is€why€Appellant€is€appealing€his€100„year€sentence.ÌÌà àAs€stated€previously,€Appellant€claims€that€he€was€sentenced€under€theÏstatute€which€was€declared€unconstitutional€by€òòState€v.€Haileyóó,€505€S.W.2dÏ712.€€In€òòHaileyóó,€Chapter€192€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1973€was€declaredÏunconstitutional.€€òòId.óó€at€714.€€Appellant€was€sentenced€under€the€1919€Act€andÏtherefore,€òòHaileyóó€does€not€support€Appellantððs€position.€€Nevertheless,€theÏstatute€Appellant€was€sentenced€under,€Chapter€5€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1919,Ïwas€declared€unconstitutional€in€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€decision€of€ÏòòMiller€v.€Stateóó,€584€S.W.2d€758,€765€(Tenn.€1979).€€The€State€acknowledgesÍthat€an€illegal€sentence€may€be€challenged€and€corrected€at€any€time.€€SeeÏòòState€v.€Burkhartóó,€566€S.W.2d€871,€873€(Tenn.€1978).€€However,€the€StateÏfurther€argues€that€an€ð ðillegal€sentenceðð€within€the€meaning€of€òòBurkhartóó€is€aÏsentence€imposed€in€direct€contravention€of€the€express€provisions€of€a€statute.€ÏSince,€Appellantððs€sentence€was€permitted€by€the€murder€statute€in€effect€whenÏhe€was€convicted,€the€State€argues€that,€despite€the€later€declaredÏunconstitutionality€of€the€statute,€the€sentence€is€merely€voidable,€not€void.€ÏTherefore,€the€State€maintains€any€post„conviction€petition€seeking€to€correct€theÏsentence€must€be€filed€within€the€applicable€statute€of€limitations€for€post„conviction€petitions.€€Because€Appellant€waited€well„beyond€the€limitationsÏperiod€to€file€his€petition€the€State€maintains€Appellant€is€not€entitled€to€relief.ÌÌà àWe€are€not€inclined€to€read€òòBurkhartóó€in€the€niggardly€fashion€suggestedÏby€the€State.€€While€it€is€true€that€òòBurkhartóó€itself€dealt€with€a€sentence€imposedÏin€contravention€of€a€statute,€nothing€in€that€opinion€limits€the€definition€of€anÏillegal€sentence€œto€the›€situation€posed€in€that€case.€€We€hold€that€a€sentenceÏimposed€under€a€statute€that€has€been€declared€unconstitutional€by€our€highestÏstate€court€is€an€illegal€sentence€and€may€be€corrected€at€any€time.ÌÌà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€post„conviction€court€is€reversed;ÏAppellantððs€sentence€is€modified€to€a€term€of€life€œimprisonment.€€This€case€isÏremanded€to€the€trial€court€for€execution€of€judgment€and€collection€of€costs.›ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE