WPCR iUBCbK5%nIH˶@X&2Bf>ހ[ `gܦ =Tw~vR:jlshmNp )b'z=) gHcn=ĠjGQZ jN Jv~/SR#)*,Fɭz^(̾oSQ0*$Tnm,o6W:5 6>Pgx9ŹS}]=.ANy~4W&B[Th[~1GNiK?l 1+MN|%q5v, VH+a3գ(nlϼP1ow-_/@5FSSU/ã{Ӝ 6qbf0h {(.$Am+(Ím<껒mo2hHjWS'q/# F U NQ % 0( 4  U#: U:* bd El  w@   % 0l 0Dy U:  U: B D3666 0Diiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii AO 0D D/ B5HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLh(9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($uM% @ d3|x@,cAZ"Arial Regular,rAZ"Arial Regular- - ;  #Xd#   @[@@@D@@@D@Oe@Ӏ@       XߕXXX~XXߕ   Ad FILEDXߕX~  October30,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ((3$ !      0  (#$  0  ,cAZ"Arial Regular XߕXXX~XXߕ   Ad FILEDXߕX~  October19,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular d""""'dxd(3$ !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd !  @@@@4XߕXXXTR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T H   [Oa@@@@r*<,(j 8` `@E` 8ttxP,  r@@@r*<,(j 8` `@E` 8ttxP,  r@@@ @ INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE*,XXXX* @  @  @< ATNASHVILLEJULY1998SESSION  `  @ * 4,XXX* 474  STATEOFTENNESSEE#XXXXߕM#XߕXXX, 7 )    4 747  7 )C.C.A.No.@@@@01C01@@@@9707CC00260 Appellee, 7 )     7 )BedfordCountyV. 7 ) n    7 )HonorableWilliamCharlesLee,Judge  7 ) WILLIAMJOELHAITHCOTE,II, 7 )(PossessionofCocaineforResale) #XXXXߕt#XߕXXX  p    7 )  \  Appellant. 7 ) B 4c4 #XXXXߕ#XߕXXXFORTHE#XXXXߕ#XߕXXXԀAPPELLANT:#XXXXߕ#XߕXXX c FORTHEAPPELLEE:#XXXXߕ&#XߕXXX p JohnH.Norton,III c JohnKnoxWalkup < #XXXXߕ#XߕXXXNorton&Smith c AttorneyGeneral&Reporter "r OneontheSquare@@@@Shelbyville@@@@,TN37160 c Timothy@@@@Behan@@@@ >  c AssistantAttorneyGeneral c 425FifthAvenueNorth c Nashville,TN372430493 c WilliamMichael@@@@McCown@@@@ c DistrictAttorneyGeneral c RobertG.@@@@Crigler@@@@ c AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral c OnePublicSquare,Suite101 c @@@@Shelbyville@@@@,TN37160OPINIONFILED:___________________ AFFIRMED  /j*/  PAULG.SUMMERS,  0<,1 Judge#XXXXߕ" # XߕXXX   4 D4c QDD/D p506  Q(DOPINION  :H6<  H  7XXdXXd7    InAugust1996,WilliamJoelHaithcoteII,wasindictedforpossessionofcocainewithintenttosell,themanufactureof crackcocaine,possessionofmarijuana,andpossessionofdrugparaphernalia.Thetrialcourtdeniedtheappellantsmotiontosuppressevidenceseizedfromhishomepursuanttoasearchwarrant.Theappellantpledguiltytopossessionofcocainewithintenttosell;thestatedismissedtheothercharges.PursuanttoTennesseeRuleofCriminalProcedure37(b)(2)(I),theappellantcertifiedthequestionofthevalidityofthesearchwarranttothisCourt.Theappellantstatestheissueforourreviewasfollows:whethertheaffidavitsubmittedinsupportofthesearchwarrantdemonstratesthatOfficerWilkersonhadareasonablebasisforbelievingthatcrackcocainewasbeingpreparedintheappellantskitchen.TXߕXXXߕhejudgmentof t thetrialcourtisaffirmed.#XߕXXXߕ# @  OnFebruary26,1996,OfficerJamesWilkersonandDetectiveNickWorthingtonoftheShelbyvillePoliceDepartmentwentwithDeputyJimmyParkeroftheBedfordCountySheriffsDepartmentXߕXXXߕtotheappellantsresidence p!  #XߕXXXߕD#toassistDeputyParkerinservinganarrestwarrantontheappellantforassault. <#" BeforeDeputyParkerexecutedthearrestwarrant,OfficerWilkersonandDetectiveWorthingtonpositionedthemselvesattherearoftheresidencetopreventtheappellantfromfleeingoutthebackdoor.Whiledoingso,OfficerWilkersonsawBillRexAdamsinthehouserepeatedlydividingawhitepowdersubstanceintosmallerstacks.Adamsthenplacedtheplateofwhitepowderstacksintothemicrowave.DetectiveWorthingtonalsoobservedthisactivity.OfficerWilkersonaskedDetectiveWorthingtonwhattheindividualwasdoing.XߕXXXߕDetectiveWorthington#XߕXXXߕ<#Ԁsaidthattheywereprocessingcocaineinto crack.XߕXXXߕ 1,2 DetectiveWorthingtonhasextensivetrainingandexperienceindrug@ [  @@ [  @enforcement.#XߕXXXߕ#XߕXXXߕԀOfficerWilkerson#XߕXXXߕ#XߕXXXߕԀknewthatAdamshadbeeninvolvedinprior 4506 @ [  @illegalnarcoticsactivities.#XߕXXXߕ1# 7P28  84:  [   Inthemeantime,XߕXXXߕDeputyParker#XߕXXXߕu#Ԁhadplacedtheappellantincustody.  TheappellanthadwiselygonequicklyandquietlywithXߕXXXߕDeputyParker#XߕXXXߕ6#XߕXXXߕԀ#XߕXXXߕ#when | Parkerexecutedthearrestwarrant.X=XXX=OfficerWilkerson#X=XXX=#ԀandX=XXX=Detective `  Worthington#X=XXX=#Ԁwereleftatthescenehavingobservedwhattheybelievedtobe @  criminalactivity.Theydecidedtogetasearchwarrant,apparentlybecausetheythoughtthatAdamshadfirearmsinhispossession.X=XXX=OfficerWilkerson#X=XXX=%#Ԁlefttoget  thewarrant.X=XXX=DetectiveWorthington#X=XXX=#Ԁstayedatthehousetomakefurther  observationsandtopreventanyonefromleavingthehouse.Shortlythereafter,AdamsandtwomalesemergedfromthehouseandgotintoaChevroletBlazer.X=XXX=DetectiveWorthingtonapproachedthevehicleandaskedthemtostop.#X=XXX=#X=XXX=ԀAdams 0 attemptedtofleeinthevehicle,runningintoDetectiveWorthingtonslegwiththedoorofthevehicle.#X=XXX=[#X=XXX=Ԁ#X=XXX=##X=XXX=DetectiveWorthington#X=XXX=g#X=XXX=Ԁfiredhisweaponintothevehicle, @ strikingAdamsintheback. Meanwhile,#X=XXX=#X=XXX=OfficerWilkersonwenttothepolicestationtodraftthe $" applicationforthesearchwarrant.Theaffidavitgivenby#X=XXX=m#X=XXX=OfficerWilkerson#X=XXX=9 #Ԁin p&!$ supportofthewarrantprovidesinpertinentpart: 44  3.ImmediatelypriortothesaidJimmyParkerknockingonthefrontdoorofthesaidlocationtoattempttoservesaidarrestwarrant,DetectiveNickWorthingtonandItookupapositionatthebackdoorofsaidresidenceinordertopreventthesubjectofthearrestwarrantfromfleeingfromthebackdoor.4.WhileIwasassistinginsecuringtherearportionoftheresidencetherewasanindividualinsaidresidenceknowntomeasBillRexAdams,insaidresidence,repeatedlydividingawhitepowdersubstancethatIbelievedtobecocaine,intosmallerseparatestacksandoncethesaid,BillRexAdams,haddividedthewhitepowdersubstanceintonumeroussmallerportions.[sic]IsawhimplacetheplateofwhitepowderstacksintothemicrowaveinsaidresidenceandatthispointIbelievedhimtobepreparingCrackCocaine.ThesaidBillRexAdamswasknowntometobeinvolvedinillegalnarcoticactivitiespriortothisoccasion. ;`6: Oa  4 4   Onthebasisofthisaffidavit,ajudgeissuedawarrantauthorizingpolicetosearchtheappellantsresidenceforcocainebase,alsoknownascrackcocaine.Theexecutionofthesearchwarrantproducedpowdercocaine,drugparaphernalia,andmarijuanacigarettebuttsorjoints. Theappellantfiledamotiontosuppresstheevidenceseizedpursuanttotheexecutionofthesearchwarrant.Heallegedthatthesearchwarrantwasissuedwithoutprobable@@causeand@@@@thatthewarrantwasissuedbasedonmateriallyfalse@@statementsrecklessly@@@@madebytheaffiant.TheappellantclaimedthatallofhisblindswereclosedsoastopreventanyobservationsfromtheexteriorofthehousewhentheofficerssaidthattheysawAdamsdividingcocaine.Theappellantfurtherclaimedthathisdogwouldhavebarkedifanyonehadbeenasclosetothehouseastheofficersclaimedthattheywere.Afterconductingalengthyevidentiaryhearing,thetrialcourtdeniedthemotion.Thecourtfoundthatnostatementwasrecklesslymadeandthatnoinformationwasillegallyobtained.ThecourtraisedtheissueofwhethertheaffidavitcontainedanadequatebasistosupportOfficerWilkersonsstatements.Afterconcludingthatthepoliceofficerwasnotrequiredunderthelawtostatethebasisofhisknowledge,thecourtfurtherdeniedtheappellantsmotiontosuppress. Onappeal,theappellantcontendsthatthetrialcourterredinoverrulinghismotiontosuppressbecauseX=XXX=OfficerWilkerson#X=XXX=x+#Ԁdidnotprovideabasisinthe -P(+ affidavitforhisconclusionthatdrugactivitywastakingplace.TheappellantcontendsthatX=XXX=OfficerWilkerson#X=XXX=_,#Ԁdidnotstatewhyhebelievedthatthewhite 0,/ powdersubstancewas@@cocaineand@@@@whyhebelievedthatAdamswaspreparingcrackcocaine.TheappellantfurtherarguesthatbecauseX=XXX=OfficerWilkerson#X=XXX=-#Ԁdid 4/3 notstateintheaffidavitthathewasrelyingonDetectiveWorthingtonsexpertise,thatevidencecannotbeconsideredbythisCourt.  :p59  4 4 D ThestatecontendsthatX=XXX=theanalysisinStatev.Jacumin,778@@@@S.W.2d@@430@@  (Tenn.1989)requiringanaffianttoestablishtheveracityandbasisofknowledgeofthesourceofinformationintheaffidavitdoesnotapplybecausetheinformationcontainedintheaffidavitdidnotcomefromaconfidentialinformant.#X=XXX=.#Ԁ P  Thestatecontendsthattheinformationintheaffidavitestablishesthattheaffianthadprobablecausetobelievethatcriminalactivitywasafoot.Weagree. Anaffidavitisaprerequisitetotheissuanceofasearchwarrant.@@See   Tenn.@@CodeAnn.406103(1990);Statev.Johnson,854S.W.2d897(Tenn.  Crim.App.1993).Thecontentsoftheaffidavitmustestablishprobable@@cause.SeeTenn.@@@@CodeAnn.@@406104(1990);@@@@Tenn.R.@@@@Crim@@@@.P.41(c). Generally, p probablecauseisareasonablegroundforsuspicion,supportedbycircumstancesindicativeofanillegalact.Johnson,854S.W.2dat899. Only 0 theprobability,andnotaprimafacieshowingofcriminalactivityisthestandardofprobablecause.X=XXX=ԀStatev.Moon,No.01C019401CC00023(Tenn.Crim. @ App.filedatNashville,Sept.1,1994).#X=XXX=y4#ԀLookingonlyattheaffidavit,weconclude   thatOfficerWilkersonsstatementsbasedonhisobservationsestablishtheprobabilitythatcriminalactivitywasoccurringintheappellantsresidence.Wemustnextdetermineiftheofficerwasrequiredtostatewhyhethoughtthathesawcocaineandwhyhethoughtthatheobservedtheprocessingofcocaineintocrackcocaine. Whenanaffiantreliesuponinformationobtainedfromaconfidentialinformanttoestablishprobablecause,theinformationintheaffidavitmustestablishthebasisoftheinformantsknowledgeandveracity.X=XXX=Ԁ@@@@@@@See@@@@@@@@@See@@@@@@Jacumin@@@@,778 1-0 S.W.2dat#X=XXX=7#Ԁ436.Thisprobablecauserequirementisgenerallyreferredtoasthe 3.2 twoprongedAguilarSpinellitest.Seeid. Wheretheinformationthatthe p504 warrantisbasedoncomesfromacitizeninformant,or[an]informantnotfromthecriminalmilieu,thetwoprongedtestdoesnotapply,andthereisa 0948 presumptionthattheinformationisreliable.Statev.Moon,No.01C019401  CC00023(Tenn.Crim.App.filedatNashville,Sept.1,1994). InX=XXX=Statev.Kennedy,649S.W.2d275,279(Tenn.@@@@Crim@@@@.@@@@App@@@@.1982), P  overruledondifferentgroundsbyStatev.@@@@Holt@@@@,691@@@@S.W.2d@@@@520(Tenn.1984), 0  theaffidavitinquestioncontainedastatementfromasheriffthathehadobservedmarijuanaplantsgrowingonthedefendantsproperty.Thedefendantchallengedthelegalityofthewarrantbecausetheaffidavitfailedtostatehowthesheriffknewthattheplantswerecontraband.TheCourtstatedthat#X=XXX=:#itwasnot  necessaryfortheaffianttoindicatehowheknewthattheplantmaterialheobservedwasmarijuana. Torequiretheaffianttobeabsolutelycertainwouldrequirelaboratorytesting.Thisisnotnecessarytoestablishprobablecause. P @@@Id@@.@@@,@Kennedy@@at@@@@@@@@279.@@@@@@@ 0  Similarly,underthefactsinthiscase,wheretheaffiantisalawenforcementofficerandhisinformationisbasedonpersonalobservationsandestablishestheprobabilityofcriminalactivity,theofficerisnotrequiredtostatethebasisofhisknowledge. ThejudgmentofthetrialcourtisAFFIRMED." 4 D4  ." 0948 Ї! 4 Dp4 D! QDD/D p _____________________________   QDD/D p PAULG.SUMMERS,Judge  CONCUR:__________________________DAVIDG.HAYES,Judge__________________________JERRYL.SMITH,Judge QDD/D p   ̀