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1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5yG*bk1xš£3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÆúI Z‹(Times New Roman - ù-(|G2ž$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€\õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôâ ò»»Ô d(|3Ç•$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€\õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Ç•$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€\õ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€\õ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼\õ»»»ÔÑ8€ÙXXdì»»d8ÑÔ€¼\õ»»¼\õÔà@ttìàÔ‡îM›î»¼\õÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼\õ»îîM›;#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€March€19,€2002Ð üL ÐÔ‡XÙX»¼\õÔÌò òÔ#†¼\õ»XXÙN#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€Ô_ÔHAMADIÔ_Ô€€G.€Ô_ÔHALEYÔ_Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌÔ€XÙX»¼\õÔà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Knox€CountyÐ  p Ðà@@øøìàNo.€70074€€€€€Mary€Beth€Ô_ÔLeibowitzÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ  \ ÐÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<ã ` AßÐ ä 4  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2001„01244„CCA„R3„CD€€€Filed€April€22,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ß/  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<¶` AßÐ ·  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Ô_ÔHamadiÔ_Ô€G.€Ô_ÔHaleyÔ_Ô,€was€convicted€of€felony€murder,€especially€aggravated€robbery,Ð ²  Ðand€aggravated€robbery.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€sentence€of€life€with€the€possibility€of€parole€forÐ žî  Ðthe€felony€murder,€17€years€for€the€especially€aggravated€robbery,€and€eight€years€for€the€aggravatedÐ ŠÚ Ðrobbery,€with€all€terms€to€be€served€concurrently.€€In€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€claims€thatÐ vÆ Ðhe€was€denied€access€to€material€witnesses€by€the€state€and€that€he€should€have€been€granted€a€newÐ b² Ðtrial€based€on€newly€discovered€evidence.€€The€judgments€of€the€trial€court€are€affirmed.€€Ð Nž ÐÓ5ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgments€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ &v ÐÌòòÓ  ÓGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ôóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€and€òòRobertÐ þN ÐW.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ê: ÐÌSusan€Ô_ÔShipleyÔ_Ô,€Knoxville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Ô_ÔHamadiÔ_Ô€G.€Ô_ÔHaleyÔ_Ô.Ð Â ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€J.€Ross€Dyer,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€andÐ šê ÐMarsha€Mitchell,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.€€Ð †Ö ÐÓ´ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÐ ^!®  ÐÌòòóóÓ  Óà  àShortly€before€6:00€A.M.€on€September€26,€1999,€the€victim,€Keith€Jackson,€was€shot€andÐ 6#†" Ðkilled€as€he€left€Mr.€C's€Private€Party€Lounge€located€at€the€corner€of€Ô_ÔMcCallaÔ_Ô€Avenue€and€Ô_ÔSpurgeonÔ_ÔÐ "$r# ÐStreet€in€Knoxville.€€After€being€dispatched€to€the€scene,€Knoxville€Police€Officer€Gerald€Smith,€anÐ %^ $ Ðevidence€technician€and€former€supervisor€of€the€Ô_ÔTBIÔ_Ô€Crime€Laboratory,€found€the€body€of€theÐ ú%J!% Ðvictim,€who€had€a€shotgun€wound€to€the€left€side€of€his€head.€€A€gray€Ford€Granada€automobile,Ð æ&6"& Ðhaving€a€temporary€tag,€was€parked€near€the€body€of€the€victim.€€Ð Ò'"#' ÐÌà  àÔ_ÔRaufÔ_Ô€Muhammad,€the€owner€of€Kings€and€Queens€Fashions,€testified€that€at€approximatelyÐ ª)ú$) Ð3:00€A.M.€on€the€morning€of€the€murder,€he€arrived€at€Ô_ÔJ.T.Ô_Ô's€Lounge,€only€a€short€distance€from€Mr.Ð –*æ%* ÐC's€Private€Party€Lounge.€€While€there,€he€observed€the€defendant€and€Carlos€Emmanuel€MahoneÐ ‚+Ò&+ Ð"hanging€around"€with€several€other€men€outside€the€club.€€Although€Muhammad€had€not€seen€theÐ n,¾', Ðtwo€men€before,€he€was€able€to€identify€them€at€their€joint€trial.€€While€Muhammad€was€presentÐ Z-ª(-ý ÐÔ_Ôwhen€the€victim€was€shot,€he€could€not€say€who€fired€the€shot.€€He€recalled€that€after€the€shooting,Ð ° Ðseveral€of€the€men€ran€toward€a€housing€project,€which€was€nearby,€and€another€got€into€a€car€andÐ œì Ðsped€away.€€Muhammad€remembered€that€a€man€named€Derrick€Perry,€whom€he€knew€as€D.P.,€andÐ ˆØ Ða€second€individual€ran€to€the€front€of€the€Lounge€after€the€shooting.€€Muhammad€heard€the€secondÐ tÄ Ðindividual€say,€"Somebody€please€call€the€police,"€explaining€that€he€had€been€robbed€and€his€friendÐ `° Ðhad€been€shot.€€Later,€Muhammad€learned€that€the€individual€was€Alando€Murphy,€a€Jamaican.€Ð L œ ÐMuhammad€observed€Murphy€confront€Perry,€saying,€"You€know€what€happened;€you€were€there;Ð 8 ˆ Ðyou€all€killed€.€.€.€."€€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àMichael€Taylor€testified€that€he€saw€the€defendant,€with€whom€he€was€acquainted,€andÐ ü L  ÐMahone€"hanging€out"€at€J.T.'s€Pool€Hall€on€the€morning€of€the€murder.€€He€testified€that€Perry,€JohnÐ è 8  ÐFoxx,€and€Chase€Jackson,€were€also€at€the€scene.€€Taylor,€who€acknowledged€that€he€had€a€pistol€inÐ Ô$  Ðhis€possession€at€the€time€of€the€shooting,€stated€that€he€did€not€fire€his€pistol,€that€he€did€not€see€theÐ À  Ðrobbery,€and€that€he€did€not€see€who€killed€the€victim.€€Taylor€acknowledged€that€he€was€arrestedÐ ¬ü  Ðas€he€fled€from€the€scene.€€He€recalled€informing€police€that€the€defendant€and€Mahone,€the€"twoÐ ˜è  Ðpeople€from€Alcoa,"€were€at€the€crime€scene€on€the€morning€of€the€murder.€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àAlando€Murphy€testified€that€he€owned€the€Ford€Granada€found€at€the€scene.€€He€recalled€thatÐ \¬ Ðhe€and€the€victim€were€celebrating€his€birthday€and€were€about€to€get€into€his€car€to€leave€when€theyÐ H˜ Ðwere€confronted€by€"six€guys,"€all€of€whom€were€armed€and€who€directed€them€to€lie€down.€€MurphyÐ 4„ Ðtestified€that€he€squatted€on€the€driver's€side€of€the€vehicle€as€four€or€five€of€the€assailants€surroundedÐ  p Ðthe€victim.€€Murphy€remembered€that€the€defendant€possessed€a€shotgun€and€recalled€that€theÐ  \ Ðdefendant€instructed€Mahone€"to€hold€a€gun€to€[Murphy's]€head,"€and€to€"pull€the€trigger"€if€MurphyÐ øH Ðmoved.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€searched€his€car€and€that€the€defendant€and€Chase€JacksonÐ ä4 Ðsearched€his€pockets.€€Jackson,€Murphy€recalled,€"snatched€my€earring€off€my€ear."€€The€men€tookÐ Ð  Ðhis€earring,€his€pager,€his€car€keys,€and€$50€to€$60€from€his€pocket.€€Murphy€testified€that€he€beggedÐ ¼  Ðthe€men€to€spare€the€victim's€life€and€was€beaten€by€Jackson,€Mahone,€and€Foxx.€€He€recalled€thatÐ ¨ø Ðthe€men€went€through€the€victim's€pockets€and€took€his€chain,€his€jewelry,€and€a€ring.€€When€theÐ ”ä Ðvictim€asked€to€keep€his€wedding€ring,€the€defendant€said,€"You€ain't€married€no€more,"€and€tookÐ €Ð Ðit.€€At€that€point,€one€of€the€men€said,€"Take€his€shoes€off."€€When€the€victim€answered,€"You€gotÐ l¼ Ðeverything€else,€man,€I€ain't€gonna€take€my€shoes€off,"€Murphy€heard€a€gun€"blast,€boom"€and€sawÐ X ¨ Ðthe€victim€fall€to€the€ground.€€The€defendant€and€Mahone€then€ran€from€the€scene.€€Murphy€madeÐ D!” Ða€positive€identification€of€both€the€defendant€and€Mahone,€explaining,€"I'll€never€forget€these€guys[']Ð 0"€  Ðfaces."€€Murphy€recalled€that€Derrick€Perry€was€at€the€scene,€"just€watching."€€On€cross„examination,Ð #l! ÐMurphy€admitted€that€he€had€previously€participated€in€the€attempted€aggravated€robbery€of€a€coupleÐ $X" Ðin€Springfield,€Tennessee,€and€acknowledged€that€he€had€served€a€term€in€prison€for€theft€of€moreÐ ô$D # Ðthan€$60,000.00€as€a€result.€€Murphy€also€admitted€that€he€had€violated€terms€of€his€parole€byÐ à%0!$ Ðsmoking€marijuana.€€Ð Ì&"% Ѐ€Ð ¸'#& Ðà  àAn€autopsy€established€that€the€victim€died€of€a€gunshot€wound€to€the€left€side€of€the€headÐ ¤(ô#' Ðnear€the€ear.€€There€was€an€abrasion€to€the€upper€left€chest€of€the€victim,€above€the€collarbone.€€TheÐ )à$( Ðvictim€had€a€blood€alcohol€level€of€.21€and€tested€positive€for€sertraline,€a€generic€name€of€Zoloft,Ð |*Ì%) Ðan€anti„depressant.Ð h+¸&* Їà@ÍÍ*ìàIˆÐ ° Ðà  àInitially,€the€defendant€claims€that€Detective€Joseph€Huckleby€obstructed€justice€byÐ œì Ðintimidating€a€potential€defense€witness,€Deon€McKinley€Turner.€€The€defendant€argues€that€heÐ ˆØ Ðshould€be€granted€a€new€trial€due€to€police€harassment€of€Turner.€€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àBoth€before€and€after€the€trial,€Turner€had€claimed€that€Derrick€Perry,€who€was€present€at€theÐ L œ Ðtime€of€the€crime,€had€fired€the€fatal€shot.€€Turner€had€informed€defense€counsel€that€he€would€notÐ 8 ˆ Ðtestify€at€trial,€however,€explaining€that€he€feared€Officer€Joseph€Huckleby.€€Later,€he€explained€thatÐ $ t Ðhe€was€unwilling€to€testify€at€trial€because€he€was€afraid€of€having€his€probation€violated.€€At€theÐ  ` Ðconclusion€of€the€hearing€on€the€motion€for€new€trial,€the€trial€court€ruled€that€the€defendant€hadÐ ü L  Ðfailed€to€demonstrate€that€police€were€to€blame€for€Turner's€failure€to€testify:Ð è 8  Ðà8  à[Turner]€recalled€being€afraid€but€just€afraid€period€and€that€he€was€not€specificallyÐ Ô$  Ðafraid€of€Officer€Huckleby€or€by€reprisals€by€the€police€department.€€He€testified€thatÐ À  Ðhe€got€a€subpoena€to€come€to€the€hearing€when€it€had€been€previously€set,€but€heÐ ¬ü  Ðdidn't€come€because€of€a€pending€violation€of€probation€and€that€he€didn't€want€to€getÐ ˜è  Ðhimself€into€trouble€and€that€he€was€intoxicated€anyway.€€Ð„Ô Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€findings€of€the€trial€court.€€At€the€hearing€onÐ \¬ Ðthe€motion€for€new€trial,€Turner€confirmed€that€Officer€Huckleby€had€done€nothing€other€thanÐ H˜ Ðencourage€him€to€tell€the€truth€if€called€to€testify.€€In€our€view,€the€defendant€has€been€unable€toÐ 4„ Ðestablish€that€Turner€refused€to€testify€because€of€police€intimidation.Ð  p ÐÌà@®®)ìàIIˆÐ øH Ðà  àIn€a€related€issue,€the€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€refusing€to€grant€a€newÐ ä4 Ðtrial€based€upon€newly€discovered€evidence.€€One€week€after€the€trial,€Turner€contacted€defenseÐ Ð  Ðcounsel€and€claimed€that€he€had€seen€Derrick€Perry€shoot€the€victim€during€the€robbery.€€HeÐ ¼  Ðinformed€defense€counsel€that€the€defendant€was€not€in€the€parking€lot€when€the€shooting€occurredÐ ¨ø Ðand€executed€an€affidavit€which€was€filed€in€support€of€the€motion€for€new€trial:Ð ”ä ÐÌà8  à1.à0` Ð Ð àThat€I€was€present€on€the€early€morning€of€September€26,€1999,€at€the€cornerÐ l¼ Ðof€McCalla€Avenue€and€Spurgeon€Street.€€That€I€witnessed€a€murder€of€KeithÐ X ¨ ÐJackson.€€That€I€saw€Derrick€Perry€shoot€Mr.€Jackson€in€the€head€with€aÐ D!” Ðshotgun.Ð0"€ ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  à2.à0` Ð Ð àThat€I€provided€a€statement€to€this€effect€to€Detective€Gary€Jones€with€theÐ $X" ÐKnoxville€Police€Department€on€October€6,€1999.Ðô$D #` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà8  à3.à0` Ð Ð àThat€Susan€E.€Shipley,€an€attorney€for€Hamadi€G.€Haley,€interviewed€me€atÐ Ì&"% Ðmy€home€on€December€20,€2000.€€That€I€falsely€told€Ms.€Shipley€that€I€didÐ ¸'#& Ðnot€see€the€person€who€shot€Mr.€Jackson.€€That€I€did€not€tell€Ms.€Shipley€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtruth€when€she€interviewed€me€because€I€was€afraid€of€reprisals€and€becauseÐ )à$( ÐI€had€been€threatened.€€That€I€also€told€Ms.€Shipley€that€I€would€not€testify€ifÐ |*Ì%) Ðshe€called€me€as€a€witness€to€the€stand.Ðh+¸&*` Ð ` Ð  Їà8  à4.à0` Ð Ð àThat€I€informed€Ms.€Shipley€in€a€telephone€call€I€made€on€January€18,€2001,Ð ° Ðthat€I€did€indeed€witness€the€murder€of€Keith€Jackson,€and€that€he€was€shotÐ œì Ðand€killed€by€Derrick€Perry.€€I€also€told€her€for€the€first€time€that€I€wasÐ ˆØ Ðpositive€that€Hamadi€Haley€was€not€present€in€the€parking€lot€when€theÐ tÄ Ðshooting€occurred.€€I€also€told€her€that€I€do€not€know€an€individual€namedÐ `° ÐCarlos€Mahone.€€ÐL œ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà  àTo€warrant€a€new€trial€on€the€basis€of€newly€discovered€evidence,€the€defendant€must€showÐ $ t Ðthat€(1)€he€used€reasonable€diligence€to€discover€the€information€prior€to€trial;€(2)€the€evidence€isÐ  ` Ðmaterial;€and€(3)€the€evidence€is€likely€to€have€changed€the€result.€€òòState€v.€Singletonóó,€853€S.W.2dÐ ü L  Ð490,€496€(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Goswickóó,€656€S.W.2d€355,€359€(Tenn.€1983).€€Generally,€a€new€trialÐ è 8  Ðwill€not€be€granted€when€the€newly€discovered€evidence€would€have€no€effect€other€than€to€impeachÐ Ô$  Ðthe€testimony€of€a€witness.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€554€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.Ð À  ÐBurnsóó,€777€S.W.2d€355,€361€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).€€When€the€trial€court€has€denied€a€motion€forÐ ¬ü  Ðnew€trial€based€upon€newly€discovered€evidence,€that€decision€may€not€be€disturbed€on€appeal€unlessÐ ˜è  Ðthere€is€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.€O'Guinóó,€641€S.W.2d€894,€898€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982).Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àIn€the€motion€for€new€trial,€defense€counsel€acknowledged€that€she€had€interviewed€TurnerÐ \¬ Ðprior€to€trial.€€Notwithstanding€his€earlier€statement€to€police€that€he€had€witnessed€Derrick€PerryÐ H˜ Ðcommit€the€crime,€Turner€informed€defense€counsel€at€that€time€that€he€did€not€actually€see€whatÐ 4„ Ðoccurred€and€that€he€feared€retribution€if€called€to€testify€at€trial.€€After€the€trial,€Turner€signed€theÐ  p Ðaffidavit€in€support€of€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€When€called€as€a€witness€at€the€ensuing€hearing,Ð  \ ÐTurner€testified€that€he€had€known€the€defendant€since€the€age€of€13.€€He€stated€that€he€had€neverÐ øH Ðseen€Mahone€prior€to€the€date€of€the€hearing.€€Turner,€who€had€been€convicted€of€joyriding€and€wasÐ ä4 Ðon€probation€at€the€time€of€the€murder,€acknowledged€that€he€had€made€a€statement€to€police€inÐ Ð  Ð1999,€less€than€two€weeks€after€the€shooting.€€While€claiming€he€was€"real€drunk"€at€the€time€of€theÐ ¼  Ðstatement,€Turner€testified€that€he€could€not€remember€what€happened€very€well.€€He€also€recalledÐ ¨ø Ðthat€later,€while€incarcerated€for€a€probation€violation,€he€told€defense€counsel€that€Derrick€Perry€hadÐ ”ä Ðshot€the€victim.€€Turner€answered€in€the€negative€when€asked€by€the€state€whether€Detective€JosephÐ €Ð ÐHuckleby€had€done€anything€improper€during€the€course€of€his€investigation.€€He€explained€that€heÐ l¼ Ðhad€failed€to€respond€€to€an€earlier€subpoena€partly€because€he€was€not€certain€of€his€statementsÐ X ¨ Ðabout€the€murder.€€He€also€stated€that€Detective€Huckleby€had€talked€to€him€just€prior€to€hisÐ D!” Ðtestimony€and€encouraged€him€to€be€truthful,€warning€that€perjury€was€a€punishable€offense.€€TurnerÐ 0"€  Ðclaimed€that€he€was€frightened€of€Detective€Huckleby,€but€only€because€"he€could€put€me€in€jail."€Ð #l! ÐTurner€confirmed€that€he€had€informed€defense€counsel€shortly€after€the€trial€that€Perry€hadÐ $X" Ðcommitted€the€homicide€and€that€the€defendant€was€not€present€at€the€time€of€the€shooting.€€ClaimingÐ ô$D # Ðhe€had€been€harassed€by€the€police,€Turner€nevertheless€emphasized€that€he€was€drunk€at€the€timeÐ à%0!$ Ðof€the€shooting,€implying€that€his€recollections€were€obscured.€€He€stated€that€he€believed€that€theÐ Ì&"% Ðkilling€was€the€result€of€a€dispute€over€marijuana€and€that€Perry€and€John€Foxx€left€the€scene€withÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€marijuana.€€Upon€further€questioning,€however,€Turner€testified€that€he€was€"messed€up"€duringÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€interview€by€defense€counsel,€having€smoked€some€joints.€€He€conceded€that€the€course€of€eventsÐ )à$( Ðon€the€night€of€the€shooting€"just€happened€too€fast€for€me."€€He€ultimately€testified€that€his€claimÐ |*Ì%) Ðthat€Perry€had€shot€the€victim€was€based€on€hearsay.€€Turner€recalled€that€he€asked€someone,€"Man,Ð h+¸&* Ðwhat€happened?"€€He€then€heard€that€person€answer,€"D.P.€just€shot€dude."€€Turner€finally€conceded,Ð ° Ð"That's€how€I€got€all€that€information.€.€.€.€€I€just€didn't€see€really€who€did€it."€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€hearing,€the€trial€court€overruled€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€AfterÐ tÄ Ðdetermining€that€both€the€state€and€the€defense€were€aware€prior€to€trial€that€Turner€had€identifiedÐ `° ÐPerry€as€the€shooter€but€had€refused€to€testify,€the€trial€court€ruled€that€"Turner€was€simply€less€thanÐ L œ Ðbelievable."€€After€observing€that€he€had€changed€his€testimony€during€the€course€of€the€hearing€onÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€motion€for€new€trial,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€while€defense€counsel€had€been€diligent€andÐ $ t Ðthe€testimony€offered€through€Turner€would€have€been€material,€his€recollections€were€soÐ  ` Ðcontradictory€that€his€testimony€was€unlikely€to€change€the€result€of€the€trial.€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€defense,€the€essence€of€Turner's€statement€was€that€he€wasÐ Ô$  Ðdrunk€at€the€time€of€the€offense€and€that,€while€he€believed€that€Perry€had€committed€the€crime,€hisÐ À  Ðbelief€was€based€upon€a€statement€of€someone€he€could€not€identify.€€He€ultimately€acknowledgedÐ ¬ü  Ðthat€he€did€not€see€who€shot€the€victim.€€Turner€was€in€jail€on€other€charges€at€the€time€he€appearedÐ ˜è  Ðin€court.€€It€is€our€view€that€his€answers€to€questions€about€the€crime€depended€largely€upon€whetherÐ „Ô  Ðthe€questions€were€asked€by€the€state€or€by€the€defense.€€In€summary,€the€evidence€does€notÐ pÀ Ðpreponderate€against€the€trial€court's€finding€that€Turner's€testimony€was€wholly€lacking€inÐ \¬ Ðconsistency€and€credibility€and€would€not€have€affected€the€results€of€the€trial.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgments€are€affirmed.Ð  p ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð Ð  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE