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ŠĢņņóóŌ#†¼ »XXR÷¢ #ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XR÷X»¼ Ōą  ąThe€defendant,€Billy€Kenneth€Hall,€appeals€as€of€right€his€convictions€by€a€jury€in€the€KnoxŠ ü#L# ŠCounty€Criminal€Court€for€aggravated€Ō_ŌkidnappingŌ_Ō€to€facilitate€the€commission€of€a€felony,€a€Class€Š č$8 $ ŠB€felony,€and€two€counts€of€aggravated€rape,€a€Class€A€felony.€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€violentŠ Ō%$!% Šoffender€to€consecutive€sentences€of€twenty€years€for€the€aggravated€Ō_ŌkidnappingŌ_Ō€and€twenty„fiveŠ Ą&"& Šyears€for€each€count€of€aggravated€rape€for€an€effective€seventy„year€sentence€in€the€Department€ofŠ ¬'ü"' ŠCorrection.€€The€defendant€contends€that€(1)€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€convictionsŠ ˜(č#( Šfor€aggravated€Ō_ŌkidnappingŌ_Ō€and€aggravated€rape,€(2)€the€trial€court€should€have€granted€a€continuanceŠ „)Ō$) Šand€allowed€him€to€change€attorneys€at€the€beginning€of€trial,€and€(3)€he€received€the€ineffectiveŠ p*Ą%* Šassistance€of€counsel€at€trial.€€We€affirm€the€trial€courtššs€judgments€of€conviction,€holding€that€theŠ \+¬&+ Ševidence€is€sufficient€and€that€the€defendant€has€failed€to€show€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€hisŠ H,˜', Šattorneyššs€performance€at€trial.Š 4-„(-ż÷ ŠŌ_Ō‡ą  ąThe€victim,€a€twenty„one„year„old€student€at€the€University€of€Tennessee€(UT),€testified€thatŠ ° Šwhile€working€in€the€Admissions€Office,€she€became€good€friends€with€a€co„worker,€Philip€Payton.€Š œģ ŠShe€said€that€on€November€8,€1996,€she€had€a€late€dinner€with€Mr.€Payton,€and€they€returned€to€hisŠ ˆŲ Šapartment€between€11:00€and€11:45€p.m.€to€get€her€car.€€She€said€that€two€high€school€students,€whoŠ tÄ Šwere€visiting€the€university,€were€sleeping€in€her€dorm€room€that€night€and€that€she€had€arranged€toŠ `° Šstay€with€a€sorority€sister.€€She€said€that€upon€arriving€at€Mr.€Paytonššs€apartment,€she€called€herŠ L œ Šsorority€sister,€who€said€that€she€did€not€want€to€be€bothered€that€night.€€She€said€that€she€attemptedŠ 8 ˆ Što€call€others€in€her€sorority,€but€no€one€was€at€home.€€She€said€that€Mr.€Payton€offered€to€let€herŠ $ t Šsleep€on€his€couch.€€She€stated€that€she€had€to€be€at€an€Admissions€Office€breakfast€the€next€morningŠ  ` Šand€that€she€asked€Mr.€Payton€to€set€his€alarm€for€5:00€a.m.Š ü L  ŠĢą  ąThe€victim€testified€that€the€alarm€clock€woke€her€at€5:00€a.m.€the€next€morning€and€that€sheŠ Ō$  Šquickly€prepared€to€leave.€€She€said€that€Mr.€Payton€had€to€get€up€when€she€left€in€order€to€lock€theŠ Ą  Šdoor€behind€her€and€that€it€was€not€possible€for€her€to€leave€the€apartment€without€Mr.€PaytonŠ ¬ü  Šknowing€about€it.€€She€said€that€she€borrowed€five€dollars€for€gasoline€from€Mr.€Payton€and€left€hisŠ ˜č  Šapartment€between€5:00€and€5:15€a.m.€€She€stated€that€she€stopped€at€an€Exxon€Station€down€theŠ „Ō  Šstreet€from€Mr.€Paytonššs€apartment€and€prepaid€the€attendant€five€dollars€at€the€window.€€Š pĄ ŠĢą  ąThe€victim€testified€that€she€began€pumping€the€gasoline€and€looked€up€to€see€the€defendantŠ H˜ Špointing€a€gun€at€her€face.€€She€said€that€she€screamed€and€dropped€the€nozzle.€€She€said€that€theŠ 4„ Šdefendant€told€her€to€remain€quiet€and€pick€up€the€nozzle.€€She€said€that€after€she€replaced€the€nozzleŠ  p Šin€her€car,€the€defendant€asked€for€all€of€her€money€and€jewelry.€€She€said€she€told€him€that€she€didŠ  \ Šnot€have€any€money€or€valuable€jewelry.€€She€said€that€she€was€wearing€a€watch€and€earrings€thatŠ ųH Šmorning.€€She€said€that€she€offered€him€the€keys€to€her€car,€which€the€defendant€took,€and€that€heŠ ä4 Šordered€her€into€the€car.€€She€said€that€she€told€the€defendant€that€she€did€not€have€much€gasoline,Š Š  Šand€he€ordered€her€to€finish€pumping€the€gasoline.€€She€said€that€after€she€finished,€the€defendant,Š ¼  Šwho€was€still€pointing€the€gun€at€her,€told€her€to€get€in€the€car€and€to€drive.€€She€said€that€she€wasŠ Øų Šshaking€and€crying.€€Š ”ä ŠĢą  ąThe€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€directed€her€to€an€alley€and,€with€the€gun€still€in€hand,Š l¼ Šordered€her€to€stop€the€car,€turn€off€the€lights,€and€take€off€her€clothes.€€She€said€that€she€removedŠ X Ø Šher€clothes,€and€that€the€defendant,€who€was€adjusting€his€pants,€grabbed€her,€turned€her€toward€him,Š D!” Šand€penetrated€her€vagina€with€his€penis€while€holding€her€there.€€She€said€that€she€did€not€rememberŠ 0"€  Šwhere€the€gun€was€at€this€point.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€ordered€her€to€move€to€the€backseat€andŠ #l! Što€finish€removing€her€clothes.€€She€said€that€she€was€crying€and€shaking.€€She€said€that€theŠ $X" Šdefendant€climbed€into€the€backseat,€forced€her€to€lie€down€on€the€seat,€penetrated€her€vagina€withŠ ō$D # Šhis€penis,€and€ejaculated.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€then€turned€her€over€and€penetrated€her€anallyŠ ą%0!$ Šwith€his€penis.€€She€said€that€she€was€screaming€because€of€the€pain€and€that€the€defendant€stoppedŠ Ģ&"% Šwhen€she€continued€to€scream.€€She€said€that€she€did€not€see€the€gun€while€he€was€raping€her€in€theŠ ø'#& Šbackseat.Š ¤(ō#' ŠĢą  ąThe€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€told€her€to€dress€and€to€return€to€the€front€seat.€€SheŠ |*Ģ%) Šsaid€that€he€climbed€into€the€front,€pulled€the€gun€from€his€pocket,€and€ordered€her€to€drive.€€She€saidŠ h+ø&* Šthe€defendant€directed€her€through€a€series€of€turns€while€he€looked€through€her€wallet,€whichŠ ° Šcontained€only€her€driverššs€license€and€student€identification.€€She€said€the€defendant€told€her€to€stopŠ œģ Šin€a€church€parking€lot€and€asked€her€if€she€was€going€to€tell€anyone€what€happened.€€She€said€thatŠ ˆŲ Šshe€told€him€š šno.šš€€She€said€he€walked€behind€the€car,€but€she€did€not€see€exactly€where€he€went.€Š tÄ ŠShe€said€she€then€realized€that€she€was€behind€the€Exxon€Station,€and€she€drove€back€to€Mr.€PaytonššsŠ `° Šapartment.€€She€said€that€the€entire€incident€lasted€twenty€minutes.Š L œ ŠĢą  ąThe€victim€testified€that€she€was€screaming€as€she€banged€on€Mr.€Paytonššs€door.€€She€saidŠ $ t Šthat€Mr.€Payton€called€911,€and€she€was€taken€to€the€hospital€in€an€ambulance.€€She€said€that€whileŠ  ` Šat€the€hospital,€she€answered€questions€about€the€incident€but€that€she€was€in€shock.€€She€said€thatŠ ü L  Šthe€hospital€staff€examined€her€and€administered€a€rape€kit.€€She€said€that€on€the€day€following€theŠ č 8  Šincident,€she€helped€construct€a€composite€drawing€of€her€attacker€at€the€Knoxville€PoliceŠ Ō$  ŠDepartment€(KPD).€€She€described€her€assailant€as€wearing€a€blue€uniform€of€the€type€worn€byŠ Ą  Šsomeone€who€works€in€a€garage€and€a€jacket€with€large€pockets.€€She€said€that€he€did€not€wear€glovesŠ ¬ü  Šand€that€he€touched€the€inside€of€her€car€in€several€places.€€She€said€that€he€wielded€a€small€gun€andŠ ˜č  Šexplained€that€by€small€she€meant€not€a€shotgun.€€She€said€that€Deb€Perry€of€the€UT€PoliceŠ „Ō  ŠDepartment€accompanied€her€to€the€KPD,€and€then€they€retraced€the€route€the€defendant€forced€herŠ pĄ Što€drive.€€The€victim€said€that€after€Christmas€break,€she€met€with€KPD€Detective€Tom€Pressley€andŠ \¬ Šviewed€photographs€on€a€computer.€€She€said€that€she€picked€out€the€defendant€on€the€eighth€screen.€Š H˜ ŠShe€stated€that€she€had€no€doubt€that€he€was€the€person€who€raped€her.€€€€€Š 4„ ŠĢą  ąMr.€Philip€Payton€testified€as€follows:€In€November€1996,€he€was€a€doctoral€student€at€UTŠ  \ Šand€worked€in€the€Admissions€Office.€€He€was€friends€with€the€victim,€whom€he€knew€from€work,Š ųH Šand€he€and€the€victim€had€dinner€together€on€November€8thņņóó.€€Neither€he€nor€the€victim€had€anyŠ ä4 Šalcohol€with€dinner.€€They€returned€to€his€apartment€around€midnight.€€One€of€the€victimššs€sororityŠ Š  Šsisters€was€visiting€one€of€his€fraternity€brothers€near€his€apartment.€€The€victim€planned€to€pick€upŠ ¼  Šher€sorority€sister€later€that€evening,€and€he€offered€to€let€her€stay€at€his€apartment€until€then.€€TheŠ Øų Švictim€fell€asleep€on€his€couch,€and€he€went€to€sleep€in€his€bedroom.€€Mr.€Payton€did€not€recallŠ ”ä Šseeing€the€victim€leave€the€next€morning.€€He€next€saw€the€victim€when€she€was€banging€on€his€doorŠ €Š Šand€screaming€to€come€inside.€€The€victim€was€leaning€on€the€door€and€fell€into€his€apartment€whenŠ l¼ Šhe€opened€it.€€The€victim€was€very€emotional,€and€her€hair€was€rumpled.€€The€victim€kept€repeatingŠ X Ø Šthat€she€had€just€been€raped.€€The€victim€briefly€described€her€attacker€to€him,€and€he€called€911.Š D!” ŠĢą  ąJack€Price,€a€Report€Specialist€at€Knox€Countyššs€911€Center,€played€the€recording€of€a€911Š #l! Šcall€received€at€6:18€a.m.€on€November€9,€1996.€€On€the€recording,€a€male€stated€that€his€friend€hadŠ $X" Šjust€been€raped€and€was€hysterical.€€After€consulting€with€the€victim,€who€was€sobbing€in€theŠ ō$D # Šbackground,€the€male€reported€that€the€assailant€had€a€gun,€he€forced€the€victim€into€her€car,€and€Š ą%0!$ Šthey€drove€from€the€Exxon€Station€to€another€location.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€described€herŠ Ģ&"% Šattacker€as€a€five€foot€two€or€three€inch,€dark„complected€African„American€with€š šfadingšš€hair,Š ø'#& Šwearing€a€blue€shirt€and€black€jeans.Š ¤(ō#' ŠĢą  ąWilliam€Luke€Lee,€an€emergency€doctor€at€Fort€Sanders€Regional€Hospital,€testified€asŠ |*Ģ%) Šfollows:€€He€examined€the€victim,€who€said€that€she€had€been€raped.€€He€took€the€victimššs€historyŠ h+ø&* Šfor€the€purpose€of€medical€diagnosis€and€treatment.€€The€victim€told€him€that€she€was€at€a€gas€stationŠ ° Šwhen€a€short,€African„American€man€with€a€gun€approached,€asked€for€all€of€her€money,€and€orderedŠ œģ Šher€into€the€car.€€She€said€they€drove€to€a€gravel€road€where€the€man€forced€her€to€have€vaginal€andŠ ˆŲ Šanal€intercourse€at€approximately€5:50€a.m.€€The€victim€reported€that€her€attacker€ejaculated€in€theŠ tÄ Švaginal€area,€and€she€denied€any€bodily€injuries.€€Dr.€Lee€examined€the€victim€and€collected€vaginalŠ `° Šswabs€for€the€rape€kit.€€He€found€no€semen€on€a€slide€prepared€from€the€vaginal€swab,€but€he€did€notŠ L œ Šuse€a€dye.€€He€did€not€notice€any€bruising€or€trauma€on€the€victimššs€body,€but€he€did€find€bloodŠ 8 ˆ Šaround€the€rectal€area.€€In€his€medical€opinion,€the€blood€was€€consistent€with€the€victimššs€report€thatŠ $ t Šshe€had€been€raped.Š  ` ŠĢą  ąLarry€Janeway€testified€as€follows:€€In€November€1996,€he€was€a€criminalist€in€charge€ofŠ č 8  Šcollecting€and€preserving€evidence€for€the€KPD.€€On€the€morning€of€November€9,€1996,€he€testedŠ Ō$  Šthe€victimššs€vehicle€for€fingerprints.€€He€collected€some€partial€latent€prints€from€the€rear€window,Š Ą  Šbut€the€computer€located€no€matches€for€these€fingerprints.€€He€explained€that€the€inside€of€the€carŠ ¬ü  Šwas€textured,€simulated€leather€and€that€it€was€impossible€to€get€a€readable€fingerprint€from€thisŠ ˜č  Šsurface€with€his€equipment.€€He€found€a€denim€jacket€and€a€pair€of€panties€inside€the€car,€and€heŠ „Ō  Šretrieved€the€rape€kit€and€the€victimššs€jeans,€t„shirt,€bra,€scarf,€and€socks€from€the€hospital.€€ThatŠ pĄ Šafternoon,€he€and€the€victim€developed€a€sketch€of€the€attacker.€€She€described€her€assailant€as€anŠ \¬ ŠAfrican„American€male,€twenty„five€to€thirty„five€years€old,€approximately€five€feet€three€inches€tall,Š H˜ Šslender,€and€partially€balding€with€a€receding€hairline.Š 4„ ŠĢą  ąDeborah€Perry€testified€as€follows:€€On€November€10,€1996,€she€was€a€detective€with€the€UTŠ  \ ŠPolice€Department.€€She€accompanied€the€victim€to€the€KPD,€and€then€they€retraced€the€route€thatŠ ųH Šthe€defendant€forced€the€victim€to€take€on€the€morning€of€the€offenses.€€They€found€the€alley€whereŠ ä4 Šthe€rape€occurred,€and€the€victim€recognized€a€nearby€storage€building.€€They€left€the€alley€andŠ Š  Šturned€left€onto€Spruce€then€left€onto€Fifth€Avenue.€€The€victim€showed€her€the€parking€lot€whereŠ ¼  Šthe€defendant€left€the€car.€€She€could€not€find€a€street€number€for€the€parking€lot,€and€she€noted€thatŠ Øų Šthe€two€houses€across€the€street€were€numbers€2437€and€2439.Š ”ä ŠĢą  ąDwight€Loop,€an€investigator€with€the€KPD,€testified€as€follows:€€He€was€assigned€to€thisŠ l¼ Šcase€and€spoke€with€the€victim€at€the€hospital.€€The€victim€appeared€to€have€been€crying€and€was€inŠ X Ø Šshock.€€She€described€her€attacker€as€an€African„American€male€in€his€mid„thirties€to€early€forties,Š D!” Šfive€feet€and€three€or€four€inches€tall,€and€weighing€one€hundred€fifty€pounds.€€She€said€that€he€woreŠ 0"€  Ša€thick€blue€cotton€shirt€and€black€jeans€with€white€lettering€on€the€leg.€€She€said€that€he€was€armedŠ #l! Šwith€a€small,€black€handgun.€€Investigator€Loop€spoke€with€the€victim€again€on€November€10thņņóó€€andŠ $X" Šshe€gave€a€consistent€description€of€her€attacker.€€The€victim€identified€her€attacker€on€January€29,Š ō$D # Š1997.€€Investigator€Loop€spoke€with€the€defendant€on€February€8,€1997,€at€the€Knox€County€PenalŠ ą%0!$ ŠFarm.€€The€defendant€was€at€the€penal€farm€because€he€had€violated€his€parole.€€The€defendantŠ Ģ&"% Šwaived€his€rights,€signed€a€waiver€form,€and€gave€a€statement,€which€was€recorded.Š ø'#& ŠĢą  ąInvestigator€Loop€played€the€audiotape€of€the€defendantššs€statement€for€the€jury.€€In€theŠ )ą$( Šstatement,€the€defendant€said€that€in€November1996,€he€lived€at€2437€East€Fifth€Avenue€and€workedŠ |*Ģ%) Šat€Marshallššs€Transmission.€€He€had€no€idea€where€he€was€on€the€morning€of€November€9,€1996,€andŠ h+ø&* Šknew€nothing€of€an€alleged€abduction€and€rape€of€a€girl€pumping€gasoline.€€Upon€learning€that€theŠ ° Švictim€had€identified€him€from€photographs,€he€denied€knowing€anything€about€the€crimes.€€HeŠ œģ Šadmitted€that€his€house€was€three€blocks€from€the€Exxon€Station€and€that€he€routinely€went€thereŠ ˆŲ Šafter€work€to€buy€beer.€€He€said€that€the€Exxon€employees€knew€him€and€that€he€did€not€go€thereŠ tÄ Šbetween€4:00€and€5:00€a.m.€because€he€knew€that€the€Exxon€Station€was€closed€at€that€time.€€HeŠ `° Šstated€that€he€had€never€picked€up€a€girl€at€the€Exxon€Station€and€that€he€did€not€pick€up€girls.€€HeŠ L œ Šsaid€that€he€had€a€girlfriend€of€two€years€whom€he€saw€almost€daily.€€He€stated€that€he€previouslyŠ 8 ˆ Šowned€a€.38€caliber€gun,€but€he€sold€it€three€months€earlier€for€twenty„five€dollars€because€hisŠ $ t Šgirlfriend€disapproved€of€it.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€had€the€wrong€man€and€that€people€frequentlyŠ  ` Štold€him€that€he€looked€like€someone€named€Michael.€€He€said€that€he€would€be€willing€to€give€aŠ ü L  Šblood€sample€and€take€a€polygraph€test€after€he€spoke€with€his€attorney.€€When€asked€if€he€had€everŠ č 8  Šhad€consensual€intercourse€with€someone€he€met€at€the€Exxon€station€or€from€that€area,€he€admittedŠ Ō$  Šthat€he€occasionally€had€sex€with€prostitutes€in€the€area€near€Magnolia€Avenue.€€He€denied€everŠ Ą  Šbeing€with€a€girl€in€a€maroon€Saturn.€€Investigator€Loop€testified€that€he€did€not€know€what€type€ofŠ ¬ü  Šgun€the€defendant€was€talking€about€but€that€a€snub„nosed€.38€is€small€and€can€be€easily€concealedŠ ˜č  Šin€a€coat€pocket.Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ąKathy€Lyle,€a€nurse€at€the€jail,€testified€that€on€September€10,€1997,€she€drew€two€vials€ofŠ \¬ Šblood€from€the€defendant.€€Kelly€Smith,€a€forensic€scientist€and€DNA€analyst€with€the€TennesseeŠ H˜ ŠBureau€of€Investigation€(TBI),€testified€that€she€found€semen€present€in€the€vaginal€swabs€from€theŠ 4„ Švictim.€€She€stated€that€the€DNA€from€the€swabs€was€consistent€with€the€defendantššs€DNA,€takenŠ  p Šfrom€his€blood€sample.€€She€said€that€the€chances€of€a€random€match€were€one€in€fifty„three€thousandŠ  \ Šin€the€African„American€population.€€TBI€Agent€Joe€Minor,€a€forensic€scientist,€testified€that€usingŠ ųH Ša€different€testing€procedure,€he€concluded€that€DNA€from€the€swabs€matched€four€of€five€locationsŠ ä4 Šon€the€defendantššs€DNA.€€He€stated€that€a€match€on€that€many€locations€occurred€in€one€out€of€oneŠ Š  Šbillion€in€the€African„American€population.€€He€said€that€the€African„American€population€of€theŠ ¼  ŠUnited€States€was€thirty„four€million.Š Øų ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€testified€that€although€he€was€not€sure€of€the€date,€he€and€the€victim€hadŠ €Š Šconsensual€intercourse€in€his€apartment.€€He€said€that€he€was€living€at€2437€Fifth€Avenue€in€a€houseŠ l¼ Šconverted€into€apartments.€€He€said€that€he€was€paid€on€Fridays€and€that€on€his€way€home€from€work,Š X Ø Šhe€would€buy€beer€at€the€Exxon€Station€and€rent€a€couple€of€videos€at€Food€City.€€The€defendant€saidŠ D!” Šthat€once€he€was€home,€he€would€watch€a€movie€or€two€and€get€ready€for€that€night.€€On€the€eveningŠ 0"€  Šhe€met€the€victim,€he€went€to€the€Club€Royale,€which€closed€at€2:30€a.m.,€and€then€he€went€toŠ #l! ŠChickies,€an€after„hours€club.€€He€said€that€he€parked€at€Chickies€before€it€became€crowded€andŠ $X" Špeople€began€driving€by€to€see€who€was€there.€€Š ō$D # ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€testified€that€he€was€intoxicated€that€evening€and€that€he€saw€a€young€ladyŠ Ģ&"% Šdrive€by€in€a€red€car.€€He€said€that€he€was€sitting€on€his€car€when€she€drove€through€the€circle€again.€Š ø'#& ŠHe€said€that€she€rolled€down€her€window,€asked€if€this€was€a€club,€and€said€that€she€was€just€out€toŠ ¤(ō#' Šhave€fun.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€told€her€that€they€could€have€some€fun€together,€told€her€hisŠ )ą$( Šname,€and€showed€her€his€driverššs€license.€€The€defendant€invited€the€victim€to€his€apartment,€andŠ |*Ģ%) Šshe€followed€him€there€in€her€car.€€The€defendant€denied€ever€being€in€the€victimššs€car€that€evening.€Š h+ø&* ŠThe€defendant€said€that€while€at€his€apartment,€he€and€the€victim€had€consensual,€unprotected,Š ° Švaginal€intercourse.€€He€said€that€the€victim€became€upset€because€he€had€ejaculated€inside€herŠ œģ Šdespite€her€telling€him€not€to€do€that.€€He€said€that€he€was€with€the€victim€for€about€two€hours€andŠ ˆŲ Šthat€although€she€was€upset,€the€victim€was€not€outraged€when€she€left€his€apartment€around€2:00Š tÄ Šor€3:00€a.m.€€He€said€that€he€never€mistook€the€victim€for€a€prostitute€and€that€he€had€never€seen€herŠ `° Šbefore€that€evening.€€He€said€that€he€previously€owned€a€.30€blue€steel€gun€which€held€five€bulletsŠ L œ Šbut€that€he€never€held€it€on€the€victim.€€Š 8 ˆ ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€admitted€that€he€was€convicted€of€attempted€strong„armed€robbery€in€1980Š  ` Šwhen€he€was€sixteen€years€old€and€of€selling€crack€cocaine€in€1992.€€He€admitted€that€he€hadŠ ü L  Šmisdemeanor€convictions€for€shoplifting,€malicious€mischief,€and€larceny.€€He€said€that€he€was€onŠ č 8  Šparole€for€the€cocaine€conviction€at€the€time€that€the€present€offenses€allegedly€occurred.€€He€statedŠ Ō$  Šthat€he€began€selling€cocaine€to€pay€for€his€apartment€and€car€when€paroled€on€April€26,€1996.€€HeŠ Ą  Šsaid€that€he€started€using€cocaine€sometime€thereafter€and€that€he€eventually€called€his€probationŠ ¬ü  Šofficer€and€told€her€that€he€had€a€cocaine€problem.€€Š ˜č  ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€testified€that€he€was€in€the€Knox€County€Penal€Farm€as€a€result€of€his€paroleŠ pĄ Šviolation€when€the€police€initially€interviewed€him€on€the€present€allegations.€€He€said€that€he€hadŠ \¬ Šforgotten€the€victimššs€name€and€that€he€did€not€think€that€the€officers€were€talking€about€hisŠ H˜ Šencounter€with€the€victim.€€He€said€that€the€victim€was€lying€when€she€accused€him€of€kidnappingŠ 4„ Šand€rape.€€He€agreed€that€no€reason€existed€for€the€victim€to€wait€until€she€picked€out€his€photographŠ  p Štwo€or€three€months€after€the€incident€to€accuse€him€of€wrongdoing€because€she€knew€his€name€andŠ  \ Šaddress.€€He€admitted€that€he€did€not€tell€anyone€about€his€sexual€encounter€with€the€victim€untilŠ ųH Šafter€the€DNA€test€results.Š ä4 ŠĢą  ąTammy€Judd,€a€parole€officer,€testified€as€follows:€€She€supervised€the€defendant€fromŠ ¼  ŠAugust€13,€1996,€until€February€1997€when€he€violated€parole.€€The€defendant€left€her€a€message€Š Øų Šthat€he€was€using€drugs€again.€€She€requested€an€emergency€warrant€for€the€defendant,€but€he€cameŠ ”ä Što€her€office€before€the€warrant€was€executed.€€The€defendant€tested€positive€for€drugs.€€TheŠ €Š Šdefendant€did€not€tell€her€that€he€had€been€carrying€a€weapon,€which€would€violate€the€conditionsŠ l¼ Šof€his€parole,€as€well€as€state€and€federal€law.Š X Ø ŠĢą  ąBased€upon€this€evidence,€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€aggravated€kidnapping€toŠ 0"€  Šfacilitate€a€felony€and€two€counts€of€aggravated€rape.Š #l! ŠĢņ ņÓ  ÓI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óŠ ō$D # ŠÓ‰dÓĢą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€convict€him€of€aggravatedŠ Ģ&"% Škidnapping€to€facilitate€a€felony€and€aggravated€rape.€€He€argues€that€no€reasonable€trier€of€fact€couldŠ ø'#& Šhave€found€him€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€due€to€the€flaws€in€the€stateššs€case.€€He€also€claimsŠ ¤(ō#' Šthat€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€granting€his€motion€for€a€judgment€of€acquittal€due€to€theŠ )ą$( Šinsufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€The€state€contends€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€send€the€caseŠ |*Ģ%) Što€the€jury€and€to€support€the€resulting€convictions.Š h+ø&* Їą  ąŌ‡XR÷XXXR÷ŌOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€questioned€on€appeal€isŠ ° Šš šwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€ņņanyóó€rational€trierŠ œģ Šof€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.šš€€ņņJacksonŠ ˆŲ Šv.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€do€not€reweigh€theŠ tÄ Ševidence€but€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€allŠ `° Šreasonable€inferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2dŠ L œ Š542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€ņņState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Š 8 ˆ ŠĢą  ąOne€commits€an€aggravated€kidnapping€Ō#†XR÷XXXR÷Žg#Ōby€falsely€imprisoning€another€in€order€to€facilitateŠ  ` Šthe€commission€of€a€felony€or€subsequent€flight.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„13„304(a)(1).€€FalseŠ ü L  Šimprisonment€is€the€unlawful€and€knowing€removal€or€confinement€of€another€š šso€as€to€interfereŠ č 8  Šsubstantially€with€the€otherššs€liberty.šš€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„13„302.€€As€charged€in€theŠ Ō$  Špresentment,€aggravated€rape€is€the€š šunlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€the€defendantšš€when€Š Ą  Šthe€defendant€accomplishes€the€act€by€force€or€coercion€and€is€armed€with€a€weapon.€€Tenn.€CodeŠ ¬ü  ŠAnn.€šš€39„13„502.€€Š ˜č  ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€stateššs€evidence€is€flawed€to€the€point€that€a€reasonable€juryŠ pĄ Šshould€have€experienced€reasonable€doubt€about€his€guilt.€€He€argues€that€the€jury€should€haveŠ \¬ Šdisregarded€the€victimššs€account€of€the€events€on€the€morning€of€November€9,€1996,€because€herŠ H˜ Štestimony€that€she€spoke€with€Mr.€Payton€before€leaving€to€get€gasoline€that€morning€conflicts€withŠ 4„ ŠMr.€Paytonššs€testimony€that€he€last€saw€her€before€going€to€sleep€the€previous€night.€€The€defendantŠ  p Šemphasizes€that€despite€the€victimššs€testimony€that€the€defendant€violently€penetrated€her€threeŠ  \ Šseparate€times€in€her€car,€the€police€found€no€physical€evidence€of€a€rape€or€of€the€defendantššsŠ ųH Špresence€in€the€car.€€Finally,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€jury€should€have€found€it€incredible€thatŠ ä4 Ša€rapist€would€have€asked€the€victim€to€drive€him€to€his€home€following€the€offenses.€€TheŠ Š  Šdefendantššs€contentions€go€to€the€weight€and€credibility€of€the€evidence,€matters€reserved€for€the€juryŠ ¼  Šrather€than€this€court.€€ņņState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).Š Øų ŠĢą  ąViewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€victim€testified€that€she€wasŠ €Š Špumping€gasoline€on€the€morning€in€question€when€the€defendant,€brandishing€a€gun,€forced€her€toŠ l¼ Šdrive€him€to€an€alley.€€She€stated€that€the€defendant€ordered€her€to€disrobe€at€gunpoint,€then€held€herŠ X Ø Šdown€and€raped€her€vaginally€and€anally.€€She€testified€that€the€defendant€forced€her€to€drive€him€toŠ D!” Ša€parking€lot€at€gunpoint.€€She€said€that€she€did€not€see€where€he€went€after€he€walked€behind€herŠ 0"€  Šcar.€€Philip€Payton€testified€that€the€victim€returned€to€his€apartment,€screaming€that€she€had€beenŠ #l! Šraped.€€The€victimššs€emotional€anguish€can€be€heard€in€the€background€on€the€audiotape€of€Mr.Š $X" ŠPaytonššs€911€call.€€Dr.€William€Luke€Lee,€who€examined€the€victim€on€the€morning€of€the€offenses,Š ō$D # Štestified€that€he€found€blood€in€the€victimššs€rectal€area,€which€was€consistent€with€her€claim€that€sheŠ ą%0!$ Šwas€raped.€€Finally,€the€DNA€from€the€semen€collected€in€the€vaginal€swab€from€the€victim€matchedŠ Ģ&"% Šthe€defendantššs€DNA.€€The€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantššs€convictions€forŠ ø'#& Šaggravated€kidnapping€to€facilitate€a€felony€and€aggravated€rape.€€Furthermore,€all€of€the€aboveŠ ¤(ō#' Šmentioned€evidence€was€presented€in€the€stateššs€case„in„chief.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€properly€deniedŠ )ą$( Šthe€defendantššs€motion€for€a€judgment€of€acquittal€and€sent€the€case€to€the€jury.Š |*Ģ%) ŠŠ h+ø&* ŠÓ€ (5h83ÓŲ! !Ųņ ņÓ  ÓII.€€SUBSTITUTION€OF€COUNSEL€ó óŠ ° ŠÓzÓĢą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€continue€his€case€at€theŠ ˆŲ Šbeginning€of€trial€to€allow€him€to€change€attorneys.€€He€argues€that€the€loud€exchange€between€himŠ tÄ Šand€his€attorney€gave€the€court€ample€reason€to€suspect€that€a€problem€existed€regarding€theŠ `° Šattorneyššs€readiness€to€proceed.€€He€maintains€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€allowingŠ L œ Šhim€to€make€only€a€brief€statement€regarding€his€concerns€about€his€attorney€and€then€proceedingŠ 8 ˆ Šwith€the€trial€without€attempting€to€learn€the€reasons€for€his€concerns.€€The€state€contends€that€theŠ $ t Štrial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€denying€a€continuance€and€the€defendantššs€request€for€newŠ  ` Šcounsel.€€It€argues€that€the€defense€attorneyššs€opening€statement,€which€laid€out€the€defense€theoryŠ ü L  Šof€consent,€gave€the€court€an€opportunity€to€see€that€the€attorney€was€prepared.Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąAt€the€hearing€on€the€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€was€upset€at€trialŠ Ą  Šbecause€he€had€not€met€with€his€attorney€from€the€time€of€his€initial€appointment€until€two€daysŠ ¬ü  Šbefore€trial€and€that€he€wanted€to€change€attorneys.€€He€said€that€he€wanted€to€tell€this€to€the€judgeŠ ˜č  Šbefore€they€started€picking€the€jury€but€that€he€could€not€get€his€attorneyššs€attention€from€across€theŠ „Ō  Šroom.€€He€said€that€he€told€his€attorney€that€he€did€not€think€the€attorney€was€ready€for€trial€beforeŠ pĄ Šthey€selected€a€jury.€€He€said€he€thought€that€his€attorney€intended€to€delay€the€trial,€although€hisŠ \¬ Šattorney€never€actually€told€him€that€he€would.€€He€stated€that€he€did€not€tell€the€judge€that€hisŠ H˜ Šattorney€was€not€prepared€until€after€they€selected€the€jury.€€On€cross„examination,€the€defendantŠ 4„ Šagreed€that€on€the€morning€of€trial,€he€became€so€angry€that€he€began€screaming€in€the€holding€cellŠ  p Šand€could€be€heard€over€the€entire€area.€€€Š  \ ŠĢą  ąThe€record€reflects€that€following€the€opening€statements€and€with€the€jury€out,€the€followingŠ ä4 Šexchange€took€place:Š Š  ŠĢą8  ąDefense€Attorney:€Your€Honor,€during€the€luncheon€recess€Mr.€Hall€has€asked€meŠ Øų Što€do€two€things.€€He€isš!šin€fact,€from€talking€to€him,€I€think€he€would€rather€addressŠ ”ä Šthe€Court€as€to€these€issues€than€to€have€me€to€do€so.€€But€one€thing€he€wants€to€doŠ €Š Šis€relieved€[sic]€me€as€his€attorney.€€And,€frankly,€I€think€the€Court€probably€wouldŠ l¼ Šbe€better€off€hearing€from€him€as€to€that€issue.ŠX ØŠ Š  ŠĢą8  ąCourt:€All€right.€€Letššs€hear€it,€Mr.€Hall.Š0"€ Š Š  ŠĢą8  ą.€.€.€.€Š$X"Š Š  ŠĢą8  ąDefendant:€Yes,€sir,€your€Honor.€€The€day€that€you€appointed€me€to€him,€the€day€thatŠ ą%0!$ Šhe€came€to€me,€I€know€he€had€time€to€come€see€me,€but€he€failed€.€.€.€to€come€and€seeŠ Ģ&"% Šme.€€Iššve€been€up€there€all€this€time.€€He€just€now€came€to€see€me€Sunday,€and€I€triedŠ ø'#& Što€get€him€to€.€.€.€let€me€tell€you€that,€that€he€failed€.€.€.€to€do€that.€€So€thatššs€why€IŠ ¤(ō#' Šwant€him€dismissed€off€my€case.А)ą$(Š Š  Šā āŠ |*Ģ%) Šą8  ąCourt:€€Itššs€too€late€for€that.€€Youššre€in€jeopardy.€€Now,€what€else€did€you€want€to€askŠ ° Šā āme?ŠœģŠ Š  ŠĢą8  ąDefendant:€€I€was€telling€him€that€we€didnššt€have€enough€time€to€even€talk€about€theŠ tÄ Šcase.€€He€justš!šhe€just€showed€up€Sunday.Š`°Š Š  ŠĢą8  ąCourt:€€Just€have€a€seat.€€Weššre€going€forward.Š8 ˆŠ Š  ŠĢą  ąInitially,€we€note€that€although€both€parties€have€addressed€this€issue€in€terms€of€the€trialŠ  ` Šcourt€denying€the€defendantššs€request€for€a€continuance,€the€record€does€not€reflect€that€the€defendantŠ ü L  Šspecifically€asked€for€a€continuance.€€The€defendant€requested€that€the€trial€court€dismiss€his€attorneyŠ č 8  Šbecause€the€defendant€did€not€believe€that€his€attorney€had€met€with€him€enough€to€discuss€his€case.€Š Ō$  ŠThe€trial€court€may,€upon€good€cause€shown,€permit€the€withdrawal€of€an€attorney€appointed€toŠ Ą  Šrepresent€an€indigent€defendant.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„14„205(a).€€A€defendant€seeking€to€substituteŠ ¬ü  ŠcounselŠ ˜č  ŠĢą8  ąhas€the€burden€of€establishing€to€the€satisfaction€of€the€trial€judge€that€(a)€theŠ pĄ Šrepresentation€being€furnished€by€counsel€is€ineffective,€inadequate,€and€falls€belowŠ \¬ Šthe€range€of€competency€expected€of€defense€counsel€in€criminal€prosecutions,€(b)Š H˜ Šthe€accused€and€appointed€counsel€have€become€embroiled€in€an€irreconcilableŠ 4„ Šconflict,€or€(c)€there€has€been€a€complete€breakdown€in€communication€betweenŠ  p Šthem.Š \Š Š  ŠĢņņState€v.€Gilmoreóó,€823€S.W.2d€566,€568€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991)€(footnotes€omitted).€€The€trial€courtŠ ä4 Šhas€wide€discretion€in€matters€regarding€the€appointment€and€relief€of€counsel,€and€its€decision€willŠ Š  Šnot€be€set€aside€on€appeal€unless€the€defendant€shows€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€ņņState€v.€Rubioóó,€746Š ¼  ŠS.W.2d€732,€737€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€The€issue€of€whether€a€defendant€is€entitled€to€substituteŠ Øų Šcounsel€comes€within€this€discretion.€€ņņGilmoreóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€569.Š ”ä ŠĢą  ąIn€determining€whether€a€defendant€is€entitled€to€substitute€counsel,€the€trial€court€mustŠ l¼ Šafford€the€defendant€an€opportunity€to€explain€his€or€her€dissatisfaction€with€the€present€attorney.€Š X Ø ŠņņState€v.€Rayóó,€880€S.W.2d€700,€703€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€š šA€trial€court€must€šštake€particularŠ D!” Špains€in€discharging€its€responsibility€to€conduct€these€inquiries€concerning€substitution€of€counsel.€Š 0"€  ŠPerfunctory€questioning€is€not€sufficient.€€This€is€true€even€when€the€trial€judge€strongly€suspects€thatŠ #l! Šthe€defendantššs€requests€are€disingenuous€.€.€.€.šššš€ņņId.óó€(quoting€ņņUnited€States€v.€Weltyóó,€674€F.2d€185,Š $X" Š187€(3d€Cir.€1982)).€€In€ņņRayóó,€the€defendant€sought€substitute€counsel€alleging€that€the€public€defenderŠ ō$D # Šmade€derogatory€racial€comments€in€a€letter€to€the€defendant.€€Without€allowing€the€defendant€toŠ ą%0!$ Špresent€the€letter€as€evidence,€the€trial€court€denied€the€defendantššs€request,€stating€that€theŠ Ģ&"% Šlegislature€had€required€that€it€appoint€the€Public€Defenderššs€Office€to€indigent€defendants€absentŠ ø'#& Ša€showing€of€good€cause.€€This€court€held€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€allowing€the€defendant€toŠ ¤(ō#' Šprove€his€allegations€and€that€its€failure€to€allow€the€defendant€to€explain€his€dissatisfaction€madeŠ )ą$( Šit€harder€to€determine€if€good€cause€existed.€€ņņRayóó,€880€S.W.2d€at€704.€€Nevertheless,€the€court€heldŠ |*Ģ%) Šthat€the€defendant€was€not€prejudiced€by€the€denial€of€his€motion€to€substitute€counsel€because€theŠ h+ø&* Šrecord€revealed€that€he€received€effective€representation€and€did€not€indicate€that€the€public€defenderŠ ° Šwas€racially€biased€against€the€defendant.€€ņņId.óóŠ œģ ŠĢą  ąIn€the€present€case,€the€trial€court€did€not€explore€the€defendantššs€reasons€for€seeking€to€haveŠ tÄ Šhis€attorney€relieved€to€determine€whether€good€cause€existed.€€Although€the€defendant€bore€theŠ `° Šburden€of€showing€that€his€attorney€was€unprepared,€the€trial€court€essentially€cut€short€hisŠ L œ Šexplanation€because€jeopardy€had€attached€in€the€case.€€We€do€not€believe€that€the€attachment€ofŠ 8 ˆ Šjeopardy€alone€would€bar€the€substitution€of€counsel,€and€the€trial€court€erred€in€basing€its€denial€ofŠ $ t Šthe€petitionerššs€request€on€the€mere€fact€that€jeopardy€had€attached.€€On€the€other€hand,€as€will€beŠ  ` Šmore€fully€discussed€with€regard€to€the€defendantššs€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel,€theŠ ü L  Šdefendant€has€failed€to€show€a€reasonable€probability€that€the€outcome€of€the€trial€was€unreliable€orŠ č 8  Šthat€the€outcome€would€have€changed€with€adequate€counsel.€€Thus,€the€defendant€was€notŠ Ō$  Šprejudiced€by€the€trial€courtššs€decision€not€to€relieve€his€trial€attorney€and€is€not€entitled€to€relief€onŠ Ą  Šthis€issue.Š ¬ü  ŠĢą@m m ģąņ ņIII.€INEFFECTIVE€ASSISTANCE€OF€COUNSELˆŠ „Ō  ŠĢą  ąó óThe€defendant€contends€that€he€received€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€at€trial€becauseŠ \¬ Šhis€attorney€failed€to€investigate€and€locate€potential€defense€witnesses;€to€interview€the€stateššsŠ H˜ Šwitnesses;€to€investigate€the€scene€of€the€alleged€offenses;€to€investigate€the€victimššs€prior€sexualŠ 4„ Šactivity€or€request€a€Rule€412,€Tenn.€R.€Evid.,€hearing;€to€confer€with€him€adequately;€and€to€discussŠ  p Šthe€trial€strategy€with€him.€€He€argues€that€as€a€result€of€these€deficiencies,€his€attorneyššsŠ  \ Šrepresentation€fell€below€that€recommended€in€the€guidelines€set€forth€in€the€American€BarŠ ųH ŠAssociation€Standards€for€the€Defense€Function.€€The€state€contends€that€the€defendant€has€failedŠ ä4 Što€show€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€his€attorneyššs€representation.€Š Š  ŠĢą  ąWhen€a€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€is€made€under€the€Sixth€Amendment,€theŠ Øų Šburden€is€upon€the€petitioner€to€show€(1)€that€counselššs€performance€was€deficient€and€(2)€that€theŠ ”ä Šdeficiency€was€prejudicial€in€terms€of€rendering€a€reasonable€probability€that€the€result€of€the€trialŠ €Š Šwas€unreliable€or€the€proceedings€fundamentally€unfair.€€ņņStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,Š l¼ Š687,€104€S.€Ct.€2052,€2064€(1984);€ņņseeóó€ņņLockhart€v.€Fretwellóó,€506€U.S.€364,€368„72,€113€S.€Ct.€838,Š X Ø Š842„44€(1993).€€The€ņņStricklandóó€standard€has€been€applied€to€the€right€to€counsel€under€Article€I,Š D!” ŠSection€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€ņņState€v.€Melsonóó,€772€S.W.2d€417,€419€n.2€(Tenn.€1989).€Š 0"€  ŠWhen€a€petitioner€claims€that€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€resulted€in€a€guilty€plea,€the€petitionerŠ #l! Šmust€prove€that€counsel€performed€deficiently€and€that€but€for€counselššs€errors,€the€petitioner€wouldŠ $X" Šnot€have€pled€guilty€and€would€have€insisted€upon€going€to€trial.€€ņņHill€v.€Lockhartóó,€464€U.S.€52,€59,Š ō$D # Š106€S.€Ct.€366,€370€(1985).Š ą%0!$ ŠĢą  ąIn€ņņBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975),€our€supreme€court€ruled€that€attorneysŠ ø'#& Šshould€be€held€to€the€general€standard€of€whether€the€services€rendered€were€within€the€range€ofŠ ¤(ō#' Šcompetence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.€€The€court€stated€that€the€range€of€competenceŠ )ą$( Šwas€to€be€measured€by€the€duties€and€criteria€set€forth€in€ņņBeasley€v.€United€Statesóó,€491€F.2d€687,€696Š |*Ģ%) Š(6thņņóó€Cir.€1974)€and€ņņUnited€States€v.€DeCosteróó,€487€F.2d€1197,€1202„04€(D.C.€Cir.€1973).€€Also,€inŠ h+ø&* Šreviewing€counselššs€conduct,€a€š šfair€assessment€of€attorney€performance€requires€that€every€effortŠ ° Šbe€made€to€eliminate€the€distorting€effects€of€hindsight,€to€reconstruct€the€circumstances€of€counselššsŠ œģ Šchallenged€conduct,€and€to€evaluate€the€conduct€from€counselššs€perspective€at€the€time.šš€€ņņStricklandóó,Š ˆŲ Š466€U.S.€at€689,€104€S.€Ct.€at€2065;€ņņseeóó€ņņHellard€v.€Stateóó,€629€S.W.2d€4,€9€(Tenn.€1982).Š tÄ ŠĢą  ąThe€petitioner€has€the€burden€in€the€trial€court€to€prove€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence€theŠ L œ Šfactual€allegations€that€would€entitle€him€to€relief.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„30„210(f).€€On€appeal,€weŠ 8 ˆ Šare€bound€by€the€trial€courtššs€findings€of€fact€unless€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€in€the€recordŠ $ t Špreponderates€against€those€findings.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņBlack€v.€Stateóó,€794€S.W.2d€752,€755€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Š  ` Š1990).€€In€this€respect,€the€petitioner,€as€the€appellant,€has€the€burden€of€illustrating€how€the€evidenceŠ ü L  Špreponderates€against€the€judgment€entered.€€ņņId.óó€€ņņņņóóóó€However,€we€are€bound€to€review€the€trial€courtššsŠ č 8  Šconclusion€regarding€the€effectiveness€of€counsel€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€because€it€involves€a€mixed€question€ofŠ Ō$  Šlaw€and€fact.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.€1999).Š Ą  ŠĢą  ąIn€the€present€case,€the€trial€court€permitted€the€defendantššs€trial€attorney€to€withdraw€beforeŠ ˜č  Šthe€sentencing€hearing.€€In€his€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€defendant€alleged€that€he€had€received€theŠ „Ō  Šineffective€assistance€of€counsel€from€his€trial€attorney.€€At€the€hearing€on€the€motion€for€a€new€trial,Š pĄ Šthe€defendant€testified€that€on€the€day€his€trial€attorney€was€appointed,€they€conferred€for€three€to€fiveŠ \¬ Šminutes€about€the€possibility€of€bail.€€He€said€that€the€attorney€asked€him€about€the€race€of€the€victimŠ H˜ Šand€said€he€would€look€into€the€allegations.€€He€said€that€he€next€met€with€his€attorney€two€daysŠ 4„ Šbefore€trial,€at€which€time,€he€first€told€his€attorney€that€he€had€consensual€sex€with€the€victim.€€HeŠ  p Šsaid€that€he€called€his€attorney€several€times€in€the€interim€and€that€although€the€attorney€repeatedlyŠ  \ Šsaid€that€he€would€meet€with€the€defendant€in€two€weeks,€he€never€came.€€The€defendant€said€thatŠ ųH Šthey€did€not€discuss€the€details€of€his€defense€in€these€telephone€conversations.Š ä4 ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€testified€that€he€first€told€his€attorney€what€happened€with€the€victim€whenŠ ¼  Šthey€met€just€before€trial.€€The€defendant€recounted€the€version€of€events€that€he€told€his€attorney,Š Øų Šand€his€testimony€was€substantially€the€same€as€the€account€that€he€had€given€at€trial.€€He€said€thatŠ ”ä Šhis€attorney€never€discussed€any€investigation€with€him€but€that€he€did€know€the€area€where€theŠ €Š Šoffenses€allegedly€started.€€He€said€that€his€attorney€should€have€met€with€him€to€discuss€tactics€andŠ l¼ Što€give€his€opinion€on€the€case.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€was€upset€at€trial€because€he€had€not€seenŠ X Ø Šhis€attorney.€€He€said€he€thought€that€his€attorney€intended€to€delay€the€trial,€although€his€attorneyŠ D!” Šnever€actually€told€him€that€he€would.€€He€said€that€he€told€his€attorney€that€he€did€not€think€theŠ 0"€  Šattorney€was€ready€for€trial€before€they€selected€a€jury€but€that€he€did€not€tell€the€judge€that€hisŠ #l! Šattorney€was€not€prepared€until€after€they€selected€the€jury.€€He€said€that€he€never€discussed€his€rightsŠ $X" Šregarding€his€decision€to€testify€with€his€attorney.€€He€said€that€at€a€break€in€the€trial,€he€told€hisŠ ō$D # Šattorney€that€he€was€going€to€testify€and€that€he€had€no€choice.€€He€said€that€if€he€got€a€new€trial,€heŠ ą%0!$ Šwould€get€a€complete€investigation€of€his€case€and€a€discovery€motion€to€learn€how€to€handle€theŠ Ģ&"% Šdefense€and€who€was€going€to€be€a€witness€at€trial.Š ø'#& ŠĢą  ąThe€defendantššs€trial€attorney€testified€that€he€had€been€practicing€law€for€fifteen€or€sixteenŠ )ą$( Šyears€when€he€tried€this€case.€€He€said€that€the€defendantššs€trial€was€one€of€his€first€jury€trialsŠ |*Ģ%) Šfollowing€a€six„year€break€to€serve€as€a€Judicial€Commissioner€and€to€recover€from€surgery.€€He€saidŠ h+ø&* Šthat€he€met€with€the€defendant€for€at€least€one€hour€on€May€18,€1998,€the€day€he€was€appointed€toŠ ° Šrepresent€the€defendant.€€He€said€that€on€or€around€May€18thņņóó,€he€discussed€the€defendantššs€potentialŠ œģ Šdefenses€with€the€public€defender,€who€had€represented€the€defendant€up€to€that€point,€and€learnedŠ ˆŲ Šthat€the€defendant€claimed€that€he€had€consensual€sex€with€the€victim.€€He€said€that€the€defendantŠ tÄ Šhad€initially€claimed€mistaken€identity,€but€after€a€saliva€test€revealed€that€the€defendantššs€spermŠ `° Šwould€match€that€in€the€rape€kit€specimens,€the€defendant€changed€his€defense€to€consent.€€He€saidŠ L œ Šthat€this€change€occurred€before€he€came€on€the€case.€€He€said€that€after€reviewing€the€publicŠ 8 ˆ Šdefenderššs€file€on€the€case,€he€had€telephone€conferences€with€the€defendant€on€May€28,€1998;ņņóó€JulyŠ $ t Š14,€1998ņņóó;€and€July€29,€1998ņņóó.€€He€said€that€he€next€met€with€the€defendant€in€person€in€SeptemberŠ  ` Š1998.Š ü L  ŠĢą  ąThe€attorney€testified€that€he€did€not€talk€to€the€stateššs€witnesses€before€trial.€€He€said€that€Š Ō$  Šhe€did€not€feel€that€it€was€important€to€talk€to€them€because€the€defense€was€consent€and€the€onlyŠ Ą  Šwitnesses€with€information€regarding€consent€were€the€defendant€and€the€victim.€€He€said€thatŠ ¬ü  Šalthough€he€did€not€know€whether€it€would€have€affected€the€trial,€he€wished€that€he€had€spoken€withŠ ˜č  Šthe€officers€involved€in€the€case€because€he€was€interested€in€the€time€lapse€between€the€offenses€andŠ „Ō  Šthe€time€the€defendant€was€contacted€about€the€crimes.€€He€said€that€because€the€defendant€was€onŠ pĄ Šparole€at€the€time€of€the€offenses,€the€police€could€have€easily€located€him.€€He€agreed€that€althoughŠ \¬ Šhe€received€the€UT€police€officerššs€report€sometime€pretrial€and€knew€that€the€victim€claimed€thatŠ H˜ Šthe€defendant€got€out€of€her€car€across€from€his€own€front€door,€it€would€have€been€helpful€to€talkŠ 4„ Što€the€UT€Officer.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€remember€whether€he€argued€this€point€to€the€jury.€€HeŠ  p Šsaid€that€he€did€not€think€visiting€the€location€of€the€crimes€would€have€been€beneficial€because€he€Š  \ Šwas€familiar€with€the€area,€traveled€through€it€frequently,€and€knew€the€landmarks€discussed€in€theŠ ųH Štrial.€€He€said€that€he€should€have€spoken€with€someone€from€the€Exxon€Station€and€investigated€theŠ ä4 Šidentity€of€the€cashier€working€on€the€morning€of€the€offenses.€€He€said€that€he€would€check€theŠ Š  ŠExxon€Stationššs€security€tape€if€he€had€it€to€do€over€again€but€that€the€police€investigation€revealedŠ ¼  Šthat€the€security€camera€was€not€working€at€the€time€of€the€offenses.€€€€€€Š Øų ŠĢą  ąThe€attorney€testified€that€he€and€the€defendant€discussed€the€fact€that€he€would€make€theŠ €Š Šdecisions€regarding€general€trial€tactics€and€that€the€defendant€would€make€the€decisions€regardingŠ l¼ Špleas€and€whether€to€testify€in€his€own€defense.€€He€recalled€telling€the€jury€in€his€opening€statementŠ X Ø Šthat€he€would€decide€whether€the€defendant€would€testify.€€He€explained€that€because€the€defendantŠ D!” Šhad€to€make€this€decision€during€the€trial,€he€wanted€to€deflect€any€adverse€implications€the€juryŠ 0"€  Šmight€make€to€him€rather€than€the€defendant.€€He€said€that€the€victim€was€a€very€credible€witnessŠ #l! Šand€that€the€defendantššs€prior€statement€was€damaging€to€his€claim€of€consent.€€He€said€that€the€thingŠ $X" Šhe€regretted€most€was€not€talking€to€the€defendant€earlier.€€He€said€that€if€he€could€have€retried€theŠ ō$D # Šcase,€he€would€have€persuaded€the€defendant€not€to€testify€and€simply€had€the€parole€officer€showŠ ą%0!$ Šthat€the€defendantššs€demeanor€had€not€changed€during€the€relevant€time€period.€€Ultimately,€heŠ Ģ&"% Šagreed€that€the€only€way€to€present€a€defense€of€consent€was€through€the€defendantššs€testimony.Š ø'#& ŠĢą  ąThe€trial€court€denied€the€motion€for€a€new€trial,€finding€that€the€defendant€had€shown€neitherŠ )ą$( Šā ādeficiency€nor€prejudice.€€The€court€noted€that€representation€could€be€effective€and€stillŠ |*Ģ%) Šunsuccessful€and€that€the€number€of€times€an€attorney€visits€his€client€does€not€indicate€the€qualityŠ ° Šof€the€representation.Š œģ Šā āĢą  ąThe€approach€to€the€issue€of€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€does€not€have€to€start€withŠ tÄ Šan€analysis€of€an€attorneyššs€conduct.€€If€prejudice€is€not€shown,€we€need€not€seek€to€determine€theŠ `° Švalidity€of€the€allegations€about€deficient€performance.€€ņņStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€697,€104€S.€Ct.€atŠ L œ Š2069.€€In€order€to€establish€prejudice,€the€defendant€must€show€that€a€reasonable€probability€existsŠ 8 ˆ Šthat€š šššbut€for€counselššs€unprofessional€errors,€the€result€of€the€proceeding€would€have€been€different.€Š $ t ŠA€reasonable€probability€is€a€probability€sufficient€to€undermine€confidence€in€the€outcome.šššš€Š  ` ŠņņBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€463€(quoting€ņņStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€694,€104€S.€Ct.€at€2068ņ ņó ó)€(citations€omitted).€Š ü L  ŠAlthough€the€failure€to€investigate€reasonably€constitutes€deficient€performance,€the€defendant€mustŠ č 8  Šstill€prove€that€he€or€she€was€prejudiced€by€this€deficiency.€€ņņBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€462„63.€€Š Ō$  ŠĢą  ąThe€state€contends€that€the€defendant€has€failed€to€show€prejudice,€specifically€arguing€thatŠ ¬ü  Šhe€has€not€identified€any€defense€witnesses€that€his€attorney€failed€to€locate,€any€beneficial€evidenceŠ ˜č  Šfrom€the€scene,€any€prior€sexual€conduct€of€the€victim€that€would€have€aided€his€defense,€or€anythingŠ „Ō  Šthat€his€attorney€could€have€done€to€present€his€defense€of€consent€more€effectively.€€The€defendantŠ pĄ Šcontends€that€his€attorneyššs€deficiencies€call€the€verdict€into€question.€€With€regard€to€his€claim€thatŠ \¬ Šhis€attorney€failed€to€investigate€his€case,€the€defendant€has€not€presented€a€single€piece€of€evidenceŠ H˜ Šor€a€single€witness€that€his€attorney€should€have€discovered€that€would€have€aided€in€his€defense.€Š 4„ ŠFurthermore,€although€he€claims€that€his€attorney€did€not€confer€with€him€adequately€and€did€notŠ  p Šdiscuss€the€defense€strategy€with€him,€the€record€reveals€that€the€trial€attorney€presented€theŠ  \ Šdefendantššs€theory€of€consent€and€that€both€the€attorney€and€the€defendant€believed€this€to€be€theŠ ųH Šonly€available€defense€in€light€of€DNA€evidence€linking€the€defendant€to€the€victim.€€The€defendantŠ ä4 Šhas€failed€to€present€any€information€that€he€was€not€able€to€relate€to€his€attorney€that€would€call€theŠ Š  Šoutcome€of€the€trial€into€question.€€Because€the€defendant€has€failed€to€show€prejudice,€we€hold€thatŠ ¼  Šhe€did€not€receive€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.Š Øų ŠĢą  ąIn€light€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtššs€judgments€ofŠ €Š Šconviction.Š l¼ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ą___________________________________€Š D!” Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGE