ÿWPC …JVUN  %î 0ôU:û w@5 4u ‰ ˜ 0K  0Dë 0J/ 0Ty 0^Í 0h+ 0r“ 0| 0† 0 1u— 0d  BpU>U*ËU*õB)DCH AM‹ÇØv~ŸvÓ D3ð 0@# AOcƲ 0Dx D/¼ Bëc:\office\wpwin\template\opinion.wpt(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(ßZ>$¡¡Ò°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€X³—XXXÔÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ7€Å XXdìXXdì7ÑÑ  Ñ,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular ÖDרDÙDÚÛDÜDÝ eÞßÓ€Úƒç"3|xê(û(3¶$¤¤Ý ƒZ>!ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XЦXXXÔÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€æhXXdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial< Œ 9p`(Times% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd€-%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ½Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€"ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌò òJanuaryÏ12,Ï1998ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€"ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò 'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€!ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€"ÔÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€##Xd#ÑÑ#€##Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÙ€€ÙÓ  Ó›œßR€&'%A1-j|` à. `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌNOVEMBER€1997€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà à€€APPELLEE,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àNo.€03„C„01„9703„CR„00098Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àSullivan€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àR.€Jerry€Beck,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà à(Sale€of€Cocaine)ÌROBERT€L.€HARDY,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àAPPELLANT.à à)ÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌGale€K.€œFlanary›à àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌP.O.€Box€839à àà àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌBlountville,€TN€37617„0839à àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0497ÌÌOF€COUNSEL:à àà àà àà àà àTimothy€F.€BehanÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌStephen€M.€Wallaceà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌP.O.€Box€839ÌBlountville,€TN€37617„0839à àà àà àH.€Greeley€Wells,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€37617„0526ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àGregory€A.€NewmanÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€37617„0526ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:_____________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÓ  ÓÔ€"„Ôò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÔ€"XÔÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€sole€issue€presented€for€review€is€whether€the€State€of€Tennessee€wasÏbarred€€pursuant€to€Rule€8(a),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure,€fromÏprosecuting€the€appellant,€Robert€L.€Hardy€(defendant),€because€the€state€failed€to€joinÏthe€offenses€in€this€case€with€the€offenses€committed€thirty€days€prior€in€time€to€theÏpresent€offenses.€€The€trial€court€ruled€the€offenses€in€this€case€were€ð ðnot€part€of€theÏsame€conduct€or€part€of€the€same€criminal€episode,ðð€and€these€offenses€were€notÏð ðknown€to€the€appropriate€prosecuting€authorityðð€at€the€time€the€prior€indictment€wasÏreturned€by€the€Sullivan€County€Grand€Jury.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€theÏbriefs€submitted€by€the€parties,€and€the€law€governing€the€issue€presented€for€review,€itÏis€the€opinion€of€this€court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€should€be€affirmed.Ìà àThe€defendant€pled€guilty€to€and€was€convicted€of€three€counts€of€sale€ofÏcocaine€over€.5€grams,€Class€B€felonies.€€The€trial€court€found€the€defendant€was€aÍmultiple€offender€and€imposed€a€Range€II€sentence€of€fifteen€(15)€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction€for€each€count.€€The€trial€court€ordered€that€the€sentencesÏare€to€be€served€concurrently€for€an€effective€sentence€of€fifteen€(15)€years.€€PursuantÏto€Rule€37(b)(2),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure,€the€defendant€reserved€theÏabove€issue€as€a€certified€question€of€law.Ìà àThe€defendant€was€arrested€and€prosecuted€for€four€separate€episodes€ofÏcriminal€conduct.€€In€case€number€S35987,€the€defendant€was€indicted€on€April€11,Ï1994,€for€selling€over€.5€grams€of€cocaine€on€February€1,€1994.€€In€case€numberÏS37386,€the€defendant€was€indicted€on€July€25,€1996€for€a€theft€under€$500€thatÏoccurred€on€April€27,€1995.€€In€case€number€S38436,€the€defendant€was€indicted€onÏJanuary€17,€1996,€for€two€counts€of€possessing€a€controlled€substance€and€two€countsÏof€possessing€drug€paraphernalia,€all€misdemeanor€offenses,€which€occurred€onÏOctober€13,€1995€and€October€23,€1995.€€In€the€present€case€number€S39176,€theÏdefendant€was€indicted€on€August€27,€1996,€for€three€counts€of€selling€cocaine€over€.5Ïgrams.€€These€offenses€occurred€November€21,€1995,€November€27,€1995,€andÏNovember€30,€1995.Ìà àOn€January€18,€1996,€the€defendant€entered€pleas€of€guilty€to€the€offensesÏalleged€in€indictments€numbers€S35987,€S37836,€and€S38436.€€The€trial€court€foundÏthe€indictment€in€this€case,€S39176,€had€not€been€returned€by€the€Sullivan€CountyÏGrand€Jury€when€the€defendant€entered€the€pleas€of€guilty€on€January€18,€1996.€€TheÏpresent€indictment€was€returned€more€than€seven€months€after€the€entry€of€the€pleas.Ìà àThe€defendant€filed€a€motion€to€dismiss€the€present€indictment,€or,€in€theÏalternative,€to€sever€the€three€counts€and€try€each€count€separately.€€The€motionÍalleged€the€state€was€barred€from€prosecuting€these€cases€because€they€were€notÏjoined€with€the€October€offenses€contained€in€indictment€number€38436€as€mandatedÏby€Rule€8(a),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure.€€The€trial€court€denied€theÏmotion.€€In€an€excellent€and€complete€written€order,€the€trial€court€found€the€following:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓÌ(a)€The€offenses€charged€in€[indictment€number]€S39,176Ïwere€not€part€of€the€same€conduct€or€part€of€the€sameÏcriminal€episode€of€the€offenses€which€occurred€inÏ[indictment€numbers]€S35,987,€S37,836,€and€S38,436.ÌÌ(b)€The€offenses€[alleged]€in€[indictment€number]€S39,176Ïwere€not€known€to€the€appropriate€prosecuting€authority€asÏrequired€by€Rule€8(a)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€CriminalÏProcedure€at€the€time€the€defendant€ððs€[guilty]€pleas€inÏS35,987,€S37,836,€and€S38,436€.€.€.€[were]€entered€.€.€.€onÏJanuary€18,€1996.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓà àThe€determination€of€the€issue€presented€for€review€hinges€upon€the€verbiageÏcontained€in€Rule€8(a),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure.€€This€rule€provides€inÏpart:Ò ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓÌ(a)€ò òMandatory€Joinder€of€Offenses.„„ó óòòTwo€or€moreÏoffenses€shall€be€joined€in€the€same€indictment,Ïpresentment,€or€informationóó,€with€each€offense€stated€in€aÏseparate€count€or€consolidated€pursuant€to€Rule€13€if€òòtheÏoffensesóó€are€based€upon€the€same€conduct€or€òòarise€fromÏthe€same€criminal€episode€and€if€such€offenses€are€knownÏto€the€appropriate€prosecuting€official€at€the€time€of€theÏreturn€of€the€indictment(s),€presentment(s),€or€information(s)óóÏand€if€they€are€within€the€jurisdiction€of€a€single€court.€€AÏdefendant€shall€not€be€subject€to€separate€trials€for€multipleÏoffenses€falling€within€this€subsection€unless€they€areÏsevered€pursuant€to€Rule€14.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓThe€defendant€concedes€the€offenses€alleged€in€the€present€indictment€did€not€involveÏthe€same€conduct€as€the€October€offenses.€€He€argues€the€November€offenses€wereÍpart€of€the€same€criminal€episode€as€the€October€offenses€because€the€NovemberÏoffenses€occurred€approximately€thirty€days€after€the€October€offenses.€€He€claims€thatÏall€of€the€officers€involved€were€Kingsport€police€officers,€and€by€virtue€of€this€fact€theÏNovember€offenses€were€known€to€the€officers€prior€to€the€return€of€the€indictment€forÏthe€October€offenses.Ìà àBased€upon€the€evidence€introduced€during€the€course€of€the€evidentiaryÏhearing,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€defendant€was€arrested€by€a€Kingsport€uniformÏpolice€officer€for€the€October€offenses.€€The€Drug€Task€Force€for€the€Second€JudicialÏCircuit,€which€investigated€the€November€crimes€and€arrested€the€defendant,€was€notÏaware€of€the€October€investigation€and€arrest€by€the€Kingsport€uniform€police€officerÏwhen€the€indictment€for€these€offenses€was€returned€by€the€grand€jury.€€Furthermore,Ïthe€assistant€district€attorney€general€was€not€aware€of€the€November€offenses€whenÏthe€indictment€was€returned€charging€the€October€misdemeanor€offenses.€€Conversely,Ïthe€Kingsport€uniform€police€officer€was€not€aware€of€the€November€investigation€andÏarrest€made€by€the€Drug€Task€Force.Ìà àWhen€a€trial€court€conducts€an€evidentiary€hearing€on€the€merits€of€a€pretrialÏmotion,€the€trial€court,€as€the€trier€of€fact,€is€entrusted€with€the€responsibility€ofÏdetermining€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€determining€the€weight€and€value€of€theÏevidence€presented€by€the€parties,€and€the€resolution€of€any€conflicts€which€may€ariseÏin€the€evidence.€€Thus,€this€court€will€not€interfere€with€the€findings€of€fact€made€by€theÏtrial€court€unless€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€preponderates€against€theÏcourtððs€findings.€€In€this€case,€the€record€supports€the€findings€of€fact€made€by€the€trialÏcourt.Ìà àBoth€parties€cite€òòState€v.€Dunningóó,€762€S.W.2d€142€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1988),€to€support€their€respective€positions.€€This€court€is€of€the€opinionÏthat€òòDunningóó€is€dispositive€of€the€issue€presented€for€review.Ìà àIn€òòDunningóó,€the€accused€was€indicted€by€the€Shelby€County€Grand€Jury€onÏSeptember€10,€1986€for€the€sale€of€cocaine€to€officers€of€the€Memphis€PoliceÏDepartmentððs€Organized€Crime€Strike€Force.€€The€offense€was€alleged€to€haveÏoccurred€on€or€about€March€10,€1986.€€He€entered€a€plea€of€guilty€in€this€case.Ìà àDunning€was€indicted€on€December€10,€1986,€for€the€offenses€of€sellingÏcocaine,€possession€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell,€and€possession€of€cocaine€withÏintent€to€deliver€the€substance.€€The€offenses€were€alleged€to€have€occurred€on€MarchÏ6,€1986€and€March€11,€1986.€€The€Metro€Narcotics€Bureau€investigated€these€offenses.Ìà àThe€evidence€established€that€the€Organized€Crime€Strike€Force€and€the€MetroÏNarcotics€Bureau,€separate€and€distinct€agencies,€were€unaware€of€each€otherððsÏinvestigation€of€Dunning.€€The€Metro€Narcotics€Bureau€did€not€submit€the€two€offensesÏit€investigated€until€two€months€after€Dunning€had€entered€the€plea€of€guilty€to€theÏoffense€developed€and€prosecuted€by€the€Organized€Crime€Strike€Force.Ìà àThis€court€held€in€òòDunningóó€(a)€the€crimes€were€not€based€on€the€ð ðsame€conductððÏas€the€phrase€is€used€in€Rule€8(a),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure,€and€(b)Ïthe€two€Memphis€Police€Department€agencies,€which€constituted€ð ðthe€appropriateÏprosecuting€official[s],ðð€were€not€aware€of€the€their€respective€investigations€of€theÏsame€person.€€Moreover,€it€is€obvious€the€District€Attorney€Generalððs€Office€did€notÏlearn€of€the€Metro€Narcotics€Bureau€investigation€until€two€months€after€Dunning€hadÏentered€a€plea€of€guilty€to€the€offense€developed€by€the€Organized€Crime€Strike€Force.€ÍIn€short,€this€court€held€the€state€was€not€barred€from€prosecuting€the€cases€developedÏby€the€Metro€Narcotics€Bureau.€€à àThe€defendantððs€reliance€upon€òòState€v.€Gilliamóó,€901ÏS.W.2d€385€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€is€misplaced.€€òòGilliamóó€is€clearly€distinguishableÏupon€the€facts€as€well€as€the€legal€issue€presented€for€review.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌ€€€€€ÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€PAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ______________________________________Ìà à€€€€€€CURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGE